printf/printf.c

   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
   3  *      The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   4  *
   5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
   7  * are met:
   8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  13  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
  14  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
  15  *      This product includes software developed by the University of
  16  *      California, Berkeley and its contributors.
  17  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
  18  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
  19  *    without specific prior written permission.
  20  *
  21  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
  22  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  23  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  24  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
  25  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
  26  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
  27  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
  28  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
  29  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
  30  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  32  */
  33
  34 #if !defined(BUILTIN) && !defined(SHELL)
  35 #ifndef lint
  36 static char const copyright[] =
  37 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
  38         The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
  39 #endif /* not lint */
  40 #endif
  41
  42 #ifndef lint
  43 #if 0
  44 static char const sccsid[] = "@(#)printf.c      8.1 (Berkeley) 7/20/93";
  45 #endif
  46 static const char rcsid[] =
  47   "$FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/printf/printf.c,v 1.37 2005/08/05 08:18:00 stefanf Exp $";
  48 #endif /* not lint */
  49
  50 #include <sys/types.h>
  51
  52 #include <err.h>
  53 #include <errno.h>
  54 #include <inttypes.h>
  55 #include <limits.h>
  56 #include <stdio.h>
  57 #include <stdlib.h>
  58 #include <string.h>
  59 #include <unistd.h>
  60
  61 #ifdef SHELL
  62 #define main printfcmd
  63 #include "bltin/bltin.h"
  64 #include "memalloc.h"
  65 #else
  66 #define warnx1(a, b, c)         warnx(a)
  67 #define warnx2(a, b, c)         warnx(a, b)
  68 #define warnx3(a, b, c)         warnx(a, b, c)
  69 #endif
  70
  71 #ifndef BUILTIN
  72 #include <locale.h>
  73 #endif
  74
  75 #define PF(f, func) do { \
  76         char *b = NULL; \
  77         if (havewidth) \
  78                 if (haveprec) \
  79                         (void)asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
  80                 else \
  81                         (void)asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, func); \
  82         else if (haveprec) \
  83                 (void)asprintf(&b, f, precision, func); \
  84         else \
  85                 (void)asprintf(&b, f, func); \
  86         if (b) { \
  87                 (void)fputs(b, stdout); \
  88                 free(b); \
  89         } \
  90 } while (0)
  91
  92 static int       asciicode(void);
  93 static char     *doformat(char *, int *);
  94 static int       escape(char *, int, size_t *);
  95 static int       getchr(void);
  96 static int       getfloating(long double *, int);
  97 static int       getint(int *);
  98 static int       getnum(intmax_t *, uintmax_t *, int);
  99 static const char
 100                 *getstr(void);
 101 static char     *mknum(char *, int);
 102 static void      usage(void);
 103
 104 static char **gargv;
 105
 106 int
 107 #ifdef BUILTIN
 108 progprintf(int argc, char *argv[])
 109 #else
 110 main(int argc, char *argv[])
 111 #endif
 112 {
 113         size_t len;
 114         int ch, chopped, end, rval;
 115         char *format, *fmt, *start;
 116
 117 #ifndef BUILTIN
 118         (void) setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
 119 #endif
 120         while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "")) != -1)
 121                 switch (ch) {
 122                 case '?':
 123                 default:
 124                         usage();
 125                         return (1);
 126                 }
 127         argc -= optind;
 128         argv += optind;
 129
 130         if (argc < 1) {
 131                 usage();
 132                 return (1);
 133         }
 134
 135         /*
 136          * Basic algorithm is to scan the format string for conversion
 137          * specifications -- once one is found, find out if the field
 138          * width or precision is a '*'; if it is, gather up value.  Note,
 139          * format strings are reused as necessary to use up the provided
 140          * arguments, arguments of zero/null string are provided to use
 141          * up the format string.
 142          */
 143         fmt = format = *argv;
 144         chopped = escape(fmt, 1, &len);         /* backslash interpretation */
 145         rval = end = 0;
 146         gargv = ++argv;
 147         for (;;) {
 148                 start = fmt;
 149                 while (fmt < format + len) {
 150                         if (fmt[0] == '%') {
 151                                 fwrite(start, 1, fmt - start, stdout);
 152                                 if (fmt[1] == '%') {
 153                                         /* %% prints a % */
 154                                         putchar('%');
 155                                         fmt += 2;
 156                                 } else {
 157                                         fmt = doformat(fmt, &rval);
 158                                         if (fmt == NULL)
 159                                                 return (1);
 160                                         end = 0;
 161                                 }
 162                                 start = fmt;
 163                         } else
 164                                 fmt++;
 165                 }
 166
 167                 if (end == 1) {
 168                         warnx1("missing format character", NULL, NULL);
 169                         return (1);
 170                 }
 171                 fwrite(start, 1, fmt - start, stdout);
 172                 if (chopped || !*gargv)
 173                         return (rval);
 174                 /* Restart at the beginning of the format string. */
 175                 fmt = format;
 176                 end = 1;
 177         }
 178         /* NOTREACHED */
 179 }
 180
 181
 182 static char *
 183 doformat(char *start, int *rval)
 184 {
 185         static const char skip1[] = "#'-+ 0";
 186         static const char skip2[] = "0123456789";
 187         char *fmt;
 188         int fieldwidth, haveprec, havewidth, mod_ldbl, precision;
 189         char convch, nextch;
 190
 191         fmt = start + 1;
 192         /* skip to field width */
 193         fmt += strspn(fmt, skip1);
 194         if (*fmt == '*') {
 195                 if (getint(&fieldwidth))
 196                         return (NULL);
 197                 havewidth = 1;
 198                 ++fmt;
 199         } else {
 200                 havewidth = 0;
 201
 202                 /* skip to possible '.', get following precision */
 203                 fmt += strspn(fmt, skip2);
 204         }
 205         if (*fmt == '.') {
 206                 /* precision present? */
 207                 ++fmt;
 208                 if (*fmt == '*') {
 209                         if (getint(&precision))
 210                                 return (NULL);
 211                         haveprec = 1;
 212                         ++fmt;
 213                 } else {
 214                         haveprec = 0;
 215
 216                         /* skip to conversion char */
 217                         fmt += strspn(fmt, skip2);
 218                 }
 219         } else
 220                 haveprec = 0;
 221         if (!*fmt) {
 222                 warnx1("missing format character", NULL, NULL);
 223                 return (NULL);
 224         }
 225
 226         /*
 227          * Look for a length modifier.  POSIX doesn't have these, so
 228          * we only support them for floating-point conversions, which
 229          * are extensions.  This is useful because the L modifier can
 230          * be used to gain extra range and precision, while omitting
 231          * it is more likely to produce consistent results on different
 232          * architectures.  This is not so important for integers
 233          * because overflow is the only bad thing that can happen to
 234          * them, but consider the command  printf %a 1.1
 235          */
 236         if (*fmt == 'L') {
 237                 mod_ldbl = 1;
 238                 fmt++;
 239                 if (!strchr("aAeEfFgG", *fmt)) {
 240                         warnx2("bad modifier L for %%%c", *fmt, NULL);
 241                         return (NULL);
 242                 }
 243         } else {
 244                 mod_ldbl = 0;
 245         }
 246
 247         convch = *fmt;
 248         nextch = *++fmt;
 249         *fmt = '\0';
 250         switch (convch) {
 251         case 'b': {
 252                 size_t len;
 253                 char *p;
 254                 int getout;
 255
 256 #ifdef SHELL
 257                 p = savestr(getstr());
 258 #else
 259                 p = strdup(getstr());
 260 #endif
 261                 if (p == NULL) {
 262                         warnx2("%s", strerror(ENOMEM), NULL);
 263                         return (NULL);
 264                 }
 265                 getout = escape(p, 0, &len);
 266                 *(fmt - 1) = 's';
 267                 PF(start, p);
 268                 *(fmt - 1) = 'b';
 269 #ifdef SHELL
 270                 ckfree(p);
 271 #else
 272                 free(p);
 273 #endif
 274                 if (getout)
 275                         return (fmt);
 276                 break;
 277         }
 278         case 'c': {
 279                 char p;
 280
 281                 p = getchr();
 282                 PF(start, p);
 283                 break;
 284         }
 285         case 's': {
 286                 const char *p;
 287
 288                 p = getstr();
 289                 PF(start, p);
 290                 break;
 291         }
 292         case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
 293                 char *f;
 294                 intmax_t val;
 295                 uintmax_t uval;
 296                 int signedconv;
 297
 298                 signedconv = (convch == 'd' || convch == 'i');
 299                 if ((f = mknum(start, convch)) == NULL)
 300                         return (NULL);
 301                 if (getnum(&val, &uval, signedconv))
 302                         *rval = 1;
 303                 if (signedconv)
 304                         PF(f, val);
 305                 else
 306                         PF(f, uval);
 307                 break;
 308         }
 309         case 'e': case 'E':
 310         case 'f': case 'F':
 311         case 'g': case 'G':
 312         case 'a': case 'A': {
 313                 long double p;
 314
 315                 if (getfloating(&p, mod_ldbl))
 316                         *rval = 1;
 317                 if (mod_ldbl)
 318                         PF(start, p);
 319                 else
 320                         PF(start, (double)p);
 321                 break;
 322         }
 323         default:
 324                 warnx2("illegal format character %c", convch, NULL);
 325                 return (NULL);
 326         }
 327         *fmt = nextch;
 328         return (fmt);
 329 }
 330
 331 static char *
 332 mknum(char *str, int ch)
 333 {
 334         static char *copy;
 335         static size_t copy_size;
 336         char *newcopy;
 337         size_t len, newlen;
 338
 339         len = strlen(str) + 2;
 340         if (len > copy_size) {
 341                 newlen = ((len + 1023) >> 10) << 10;
 342 #ifdef SHELL
 343                 if ((newcopy = ckrealloc(copy, newlen)) == NULL)
 344 #else
 345                 if ((newcopy = realloc(copy, newlen)) == NULL)
 346 #endif
 347                 {
 348                         warnx2("%s", strerror(ENOMEM), NULL);
 349                         return (NULL);
 350                 }
 351                 copy = newcopy;
 352                 copy_size = newlen;
 353         }
 354
 355         memmove(copy, str, len - 3);
 356         copy[len - 3] = 'j';
 357         copy[len - 2] = ch;
 358         copy[len - 1] = '\0';
 359         return (copy);
 360 }
 361
 362 static int
 363 escape(char *fmt, int percent, size_t *len)
 364 {
 365         char *save, *store;
 366         int value, c;
 367
 368         for (save = store = fmt; (c = *fmt); ++fmt, ++store) {
 369                 if (c != '\\') {
 370                         *store = c;
 371                         continue;
 372                 }
 373                 switch (*++fmt) {
 374                 case '\0':              /* EOS, user error */
 375                         *store = '\\';
 376                         *++store = '\0';
 377                         *len = store - save;
 378                         return (0);
 379                 case '\\':              /* backslash */
 380                 case '\'':              /* single quote */
 381                         *store = *fmt;
 382                         break;
 383                 case 'a':               /* bell/alert */
 384                         *store = '\a';
 385                         break;
 386                 case 'b':               /* backspace */
 387                         *store = '\b';
 388                         break;
 389                 case 'c':
 390                         *store = '\0';
 391                         *len = store - save;
 392                         return (1);
 393                 case 'f':               /* form-feed */
 394                         *store = '\f';
 395                         break;
 396                 case 'n':               /* newline */
 397                         *store = '\n';
 398                         break;
 399                 case 'r':               /* carriage-return */
 400                         *store = '\r';
 401                         break;
 402                 case 't':               /* horizontal tab */
 403                         *store = '\t';
 404                         break;
 405                 case 'v':               /* vertical tab */
 406                         *store = '\v';
 407                         break;
 408                                         /* octal constant */
 409                 case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
 410                 case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
 411                         for (c = *fmt == '0' ? 4 : 3, value = 0;
 412                             c-- && *fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '7'; ++fmt) {
 413                                 value <<= 3;
 414                                 value += *fmt - '0';
 415                         }
 416                         --fmt;
 417                         if (percent && value == '%') {
 418                                 *store++ = '%';
 419                                 *store = '%';
 420                         } else
 421                                 *store = value;
 422                         break;
 423                 default:
 424                         *store = *fmt;
 425                         break;
 426                 }
 427         }
 428         *store = '\0';
 429         *len = store - save;
 430         return (0);
 431 }
 432
 433 static int
 434 getchr(void)
 435 {
 436         if (!*gargv)
 437                 return ('\0');
 438         return ((int)**gargv++);
 439 }
 440
 441 static const char *
 442 getstr(void)
 443 {
 444         if (!*gargv)
 445                 return ("");
 446         return (*gargv++);
 447 }
 448
 449 static int
 450 getint(int *ip)
 451 {
 452         intmax_t val;
 453         uintmax_t uval;
 454         int rval;
 455
 456         if (getnum(&val, &uval, 1))
 457                 return (1);
 458         rval = 0;
 459         if (val < INT_MIN || val > INT_MAX) {
 460                 warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
 461                 rval = 1;
 462         }
 463         *ip = (int)val;
 464         return (rval);
 465 }
 466
 467 static int
 468 getnum(intmax_t *ip, uintmax_t *uip, int signedconv)
 469 {
 470         char *ep;
 471         int rval;
 472
 473         if (!*gargv) {
 474                 *ip = 0;
 475                 return (0);
 476         }
 477         if (**gargv == '"' || **gargv == '\'') {
 478                 if (signedconv)
 479                         *ip = asciicode();
 480                 else
 481                         *uip = asciicode();
 482                 return (0);
 483         }
 484         rval = 0;
 485         errno = 0;
 486         if (signedconv)
 487                 *ip = strtoimax(*gargv, &ep, 0);
 488         else
 489                 *uip = strtoumax(*gargv, &ep, 0);
 490         if (ep == *gargv) {
 491                 warnx2("%s: expected numeric value", *gargv, NULL);
 492                 rval = 1;
 493         }
 494         else if (*ep != '\0') {
 495                 warnx2("%s: not completely converted", *gargv, NULL);
 496                 rval = 1;
 497         }
 498         if (errno == ERANGE) {
 499                 warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
 500                 rval = 1;
 501         }
 502         ++gargv;
 503         return (rval);
 504 }
 505
 506 static int
 507 getfloating(long double *dp, int mod_ldbl)
 508 {
 509         char *ep;
 510         int rval;
 511
 512         if (!*gargv) {
 513                 *dp = 0.0;
 514                 return (0);
 515         }
 516         if (**gargv == '"' || **gargv == '\'') {
 517                 *dp = asciicode();
 518                 return (0);
 519         }
 520         rval = 0;
 521         errno = 0;
 522         if (mod_ldbl)
 523                 *dp = strtold(*gargv, &ep);
 524         else
 525                 *dp = strtod(*gargv, &ep);
 526         if (ep == *gargv) {
 527                 warnx2("%s: expected numeric value", *gargv, NULL);
 528                 rval = 1;
 529         } else if (*ep != '\0') {
 530                 warnx2("%s: not completely converted", *gargv, NULL);
 531                 rval = 1;
 532         }
 533         if (errno == ERANGE) {
 534                 warnx3("%s: %s", *gargv, strerror(ERANGE));
 535                 rval = 1;
 536         }
 537         ++gargv;
 538         return (rval);
 539 }
 540
 541 static int
 542 asciicode(void)
 543 {
 544         int ch;
 545
 546         ch = **gargv;
 547         if (ch == '\'' || ch == '"')
 548                 ch = (*gargv)[1];
 549         ++gargv;
 550         return (ch);
 551 }
 552
 553 static void
 554 usage(void)
 555 {
 556         (void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: printf format [arguments ...]\n");
 557 }