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[apple/security.git] / Security / libsecurity_utilities / lib / macho++.cpp
diff --git a/Security/libsecurity_utilities/lib/macho++.cpp b/Security/libsecurity_utilities/lib/macho++.cpp
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+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2006-2014 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ * 
+ * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
+ * 
+ * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
+ * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
+ * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
+ * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
+ * file.
+ * 
+ * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
+ * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
+ * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+ * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ * 
+ * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
+ */
+
+//
+// macho++ - Mach-O object file helpers
+//
+#include "macho++.h"
+#include <security_utilities/alloc.h>
+#include <security_utilities/memutils.h>
+#include <security_utilities/endian.h>
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+#include <list>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+
+namespace Security {
+
+/* Maximum number of archs a fat binary can have */
+static const int MAX_ARCH_COUNT = 100;
+/* Maximum power of 2 that a mach-o can be aligned by */
+static const int MAX_ALIGN = 30;
+
+//
+// Architecture values
+//
+Architecture::Architecture(const fat_arch &arch)
+       : pair<cpu_type_t, cpu_subtype_t>(arch.cputype, arch.cpusubtype)
+{
+}
+
+Architecture::Architecture(const char *name)
+{
+       if (const NXArchInfo *nxa = NXGetArchInfoFromName(name)) {
+               this->first = nxa->cputype;
+               this->second = nxa->cpusubtype;
+       } else {
+               this->first = this->second = none;
+       }
+}
+
+
+//
+// The local architecture.
+//
+// We take this from ourselves - the architecture of our main program Mach-O binary.
+// There's the NXGetLocalArchInfo API, but it insists on saying "i386" on modern
+// x86_64-centric systems, and lies to ppc (Rosetta) programs claiming they're native ppc.
+// So let's not use that.
+//
+Architecture Architecture::local()
+{
+       return MainMachOImage().architecture();
+}
+
+
+//
+// Translate between names and numbers
+//
+const char *Architecture::name() const
+{
+       if (const NXArchInfo *info = NXGetArchInfoFromCpuType(cpuType(), cpuSubtype()))
+               return info->name;
+       else
+               return NULL;
+}
+
+std::string Architecture::displayName() const
+{
+       if (const char *s = this->name())
+               return s;
+       char buf[20];
+       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "(%d:%d)", cpuType(), cpuSubtype());
+       return buf;
+}
+       
+
+//
+// Compare architectures.
+// This is asymmetrical; the second argument provides for some templating.
+//
+bool Architecture::matches(const Architecture &templ) const
+{
+       if (first != templ.first)
+               return false;   // main architecture mismatch
+       if (templ.second == CPU_SUBTYPE_MULTIPLE)
+               return true;    // subtype wildcard
+       // match subtypes, ignoring feature bits
+       return ((second ^ templ.second) & ~CPU_SUBTYPE_MASK) == 0;
+}
+
+
+//
+// MachOBase contains knowledge of the Mach-O object file format,
+// but abstracts from any particular sourcing. It must be subclassed,
+// and the subclass must provide the file header and commands area
+// during its construction. Memory is owned by the subclass.
+//
+MachOBase::~MachOBase()
+{ /* virtual */ }
+
+// provide the Mach-O file header, somehow
+void MachOBase::initHeader(const mach_header *header)
+{
+       mHeader = header;
+       switch (mHeader->magic) {
+       case MH_MAGIC:
+               mFlip = false;
+               m64 = false;
+               break;
+       case MH_CIGAM:
+               mFlip = true;
+               m64 = false;
+               break;
+       case MH_MAGIC_64:
+               mFlip = false;
+               m64 = true;
+               break;
+       case MH_CIGAM_64:
+               mFlip = true;
+               m64 = true;
+               break;
+       default:
+               secdebug("macho", "%p: unrecognized header magic (%x)", this, mHeader->magic);
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+       }
+}
+
+// provide the Mach-O commands section, somehow
+void MachOBase::initCommands(const load_command *commands)
+{
+       mCommands = commands;
+       mEndCommands = LowLevelMemoryUtilities::increment<load_command>(commands, flip(mHeader->sizeofcmds));
+       if (mCommands + 1 > mEndCommands)       // ensure initial load command core available
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+}
+
+
+size_t MachOBase::headerSize() const
+{
+       return m64 ? sizeof(mach_header_64) : sizeof(mach_header);
+}
+
+size_t MachOBase::commandSize() const
+{
+       return flip(mHeader->sizeofcmds);
+}
+
+
+//
+// Create a MachO object from an open file and a starting offset.
+// We load (only) the header and load commands into memory at that time.
+// Note that the offset must be relative to the start of the containing file
+// (not relative to some intermediate container).
+//
+MachO::MachO(FileDesc fd, size_t offset, size_t length)
+       : FileDesc(fd), mOffset(offset), mLength(length), mSuspicious(false)
+{
+       if (mOffset == 0)
+               mLength = fd.fileSize();
+       size_t size = fd.read(&mHeaderBuffer, sizeof(mHeaderBuffer), mOffset);
+       if (size != sizeof(mHeaderBuffer))
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+       this->initHeader(&mHeaderBuffer);
+       size_t cmdSize = this->commandSize();
+       mCommandBuffer = (load_command *)malloc(cmdSize);
+       if (!mCommandBuffer)
+               UnixError::throwMe();
+       if (fd.read(mCommandBuffer, cmdSize, this->headerSize() + mOffset) != cmdSize)
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+       this->initCommands(mCommandBuffer);
+       /* If we do not know the length, we cannot do a verification of the mach-o structure */
+       if (mLength != 0)
+               this->validateStructure();
+}
+
+void MachO::validateStructure()
+{
+       bool isValid = false;
+
+       /* There should be either an LC_SEGMENT, an LC_SEGMENT_64, or an LC_SYMTAB
+        load_command and that + size must be equal to the end of the arch */
+       for (const struct load_command *cmd = loadCommands(); cmd != NULL; cmd = nextCommand(cmd)) {
+               uint32_t cmd_type = flip(cmd->cmd);
+               struct segment_command *seg = NULL;
+               struct segment_command_64 *seg64 = NULL;
+               struct symtab_command *symtab = NULL;
+
+               if (cmd_type ==  LC_SEGMENT) {
+                       seg = (struct segment_command *)cmd;
+                       if (strcmp(seg->segname, SEG_LINKEDIT) == 0) {
+                               isValid = flip(seg->fileoff) + flip(seg->filesize) == this->length();
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (cmd_type == LC_SEGMENT_64) {
+                       seg64 = (struct segment_command_64 *)cmd;
+                       if (strcmp(seg64->segname, SEG_LINKEDIT) == 0) {
+                               isValid = flip(seg64->fileoff) + flip(seg64->filesize) == this->length();
+                               break;
+                       }
+               /* PPC binaries have a SYMTAB section */
+               } else if (cmd_type == LC_SYMTAB) {
+                       symtab = (struct symtab_command *)cmd;
+                       isValid = flip(symtab->stroff) + flip(symtab->strsize) == this->length();
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (!isValid)
+               mSuspicious = true;
+}
+
+MachO::~MachO()
+{
+       ::free(mCommandBuffer);
+}
+
+
+//
+// Create a MachO object that is (entirely) mapped into memory.
+// The caller must ensire that the underlying mapping persists
+// at least as long as our object.
+//
+MachOImage::MachOImage(const void *address)
+{
+       this->initHeader((const mach_header *)address);
+       this->initCommands(LowLevelMemoryUtilities::increment<const load_command>(address, this->headerSize()));
+}
+
+
+//
+// Locate the Mach-O image of the main program
+//
+MainMachOImage::MainMachOImage()
+       : MachOImage(mainImageAddress())
+{
+}
+
+const void *MainMachOImage::mainImageAddress()
+{
+       return _dyld_get_image_header(0);
+}
+
+
+//
+// Return various header fields
+//
+Architecture MachOBase::architecture() const
+{
+       return Architecture(flip(mHeader->cputype), flip(mHeader->cpusubtype));
+}
+
+uint32_t MachOBase::type() const
+{
+       return flip(mHeader->filetype);
+}
+
+uint32_t MachOBase::flags() const
+{
+       return flip(mHeader->flags);
+}
+
+
+//
+// Iterate through load commands
+//
+const load_command *MachOBase::nextCommand(const load_command *command) const
+{
+       using LowLevelMemoryUtilities::increment;
+       command = increment<const load_command>(command, flip(command->cmdsize));
+       if (command >= mEndCommands)    // end of load commands
+               return NULL;
+       if (increment(command, sizeof(load_command)) > mEndCommands
+               || increment(command, flip(command->cmdsize)) > mEndCommands)
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+       return command;
+}
+
+
+//
+// Find a specific load command, by command number.
+// If there are multiples, returns the first one found.
+//
+const load_command *MachOBase::findCommand(uint32_t cmd) const
+{
+       for (const load_command *command = loadCommands(); command; command = nextCommand(command))
+               if (flip(command->cmd) == cmd)
+                       return command;
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+
+//
+// Locate a segment command, by name
+//     
+const segment_command *MachOBase::findSegment(const char *segname) const
+{
+       for (const load_command *command = loadCommands(); command; command = nextCommand(command)) {
+               switch (flip(command->cmd)) {
+               case LC_SEGMENT:
+               case LC_SEGMENT_64:
+                       {
+                               const segment_command *seg = reinterpret_cast<const segment_command *>(command);
+                               if (!strcmp(seg->segname, segname))
+                                       return seg;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               default:
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+const section *MachOBase::findSection(const char *segname, const char *sectname) const
+{
+       using LowLevelMemoryUtilities::increment;
+       if (const segment_command *seg = findSegment(segname)) {
+               if (is64()) {
+                       const segment_command_64 *seg64 = reinterpret_cast<const segment_command_64 *>(seg);
+                       // As a sanity check, if the reported number of sections is not consistent
+                       // with the reported size, return NULL
+                       if (sizeof(*seg64) + (seg64->nsects * sizeof(section_64)) > seg64->cmdsize)
+                               return NULL;    
+                       const section_64 *sect = increment<const section_64>(seg64 + 1, 0);
+                       for (unsigned n = flip(seg64->nsects); n > 0; n--, sect++) {
+                               if (!strcmp(sect->sectname, sectname))
+                                       return reinterpret_cast<const section *>(sect);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       const section *sect = increment<const section>(seg + 1, 0);
+                       for (unsigned n = flip(seg->nsects); n > 0; n--, sect++) {
+                               if (!strcmp(sect->sectname, sectname))
+                                       return sect;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+
+//
+// Translate a union lc_str into the string it denotes.
+// Returns NULL (no exceptions) if the entry is corrupt.
+//
+const char *MachOBase::string(const load_command *cmd, const lc_str &str) const
+{
+       size_t offset = flip(str.offset);
+       const char *sp = LowLevelMemoryUtilities::increment<const char>(cmd, offset);
+       if (offset + strlen(sp) + 1 > flip(cmd->cmdsize))       // corrupt string reference
+               return NULL;
+       return sp;
+}
+
+
+//
+// Figure out where the Code Signing information starts in the Mach-O binary image.
+// The code signature is at the end of the file, and identified
+// by a specially-named section. So its starting offset is also the end
+// of the signable part.
+// Note that the offset returned is relative to the start of the Mach-O image.
+// Returns zero if not found (usually indicating that the binary was not signed).
+//
+const linkedit_data_command *MachOBase::findCodeSignature() const
+{
+       if (const load_command *cmd = findCommand(LC_CODE_SIGNATURE))
+               return reinterpret_cast<const linkedit_data_command *>(cmd);
+       return NULL;            // not found
+}
+
+size_t MachOBase::signingOffset() const
+{
+       if (const linkedit_data_command *lec = findCodeSignature())
+               return flip(lec->dataoff);
+       else
+               return 0;
+}
+
+size_t MachOBase::signingLength() const
+{
+       if (const linkedit_data_command *lec = findCodeSignature())
+               return flip(lec->datasize);
+       else
+               return 0;
+}
+
+const linkedit_data_command *MachOBase::findLibraryDependencies() const
+{
+       if (const load_command *cmd = findCommand(LC_DYLIB_CODE_SIGN_DRS))
+               return reinterpret_cast<const linkedit_data_command *>(cmd);
+       return NULL;            // not found
+}
+
+
+//
+// Return the signing-limit length for this Mach-O binary image.
+// This is the signingOffset if present, or the full length if not.
+//
+size_t MachO::signingExtent() const
+{
+       if (size_t offset = signingOffset())
+               return offset;
+       else
+               return length();
+}
+
+
+//
+// I/O operations
+//
+void MachO::seek(size_t offset)
+{
+       FileDesc::seek(mOffset + offset);
+}
+
+CFDataRef MachO::dataAt(size_t offset, size_t size)
+{
+       CFMallocData buffer(size);
+       if (this->read(buffer, size, mOffset + offset) != size)
+               UnixError::throwMe();
+       return buffer;
+}
+
+//
+// Fat (aka universal) file wrappers.
+// The offset is relative to the start of the containing file.
+//
+Universal::Universal(FileDesc fd, size_t offset /* = 0 */, size_t length /* = 0 */)
+       : FileDesc(fd), mBase(offset), mLength(length), mSuspicious(false)
+{
+       union {
+               fat_header header;              // if this is a fat file
+               mach_header mheader;    // if this is a thin file
+       };
+       const size_t size = max(sizeof(header), sizeof(mheader));
+       if (fd.read(&header, size, offset) != size)
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+       switch (header.magic) {
+       case FAT_MAGIC:
+       case FAT_CIGAM:
+               {
+                       //
+                       // Hack alert.
+                       // Under certain circumstances (15001604), mArchCount under-counts the architectures
+                       // by one, and special testing is required to validate the extra-curricular entry.
+                       // We always read an extra entry; in the situations where this might hit end-of-file,
+                       // we are content to fail.
+                       //
+                       mArchCount = ntohl(header.nfat_arch);
+
+                       if (mArchCount > MAX_ARCH_COUNT)
+                               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+
+                       size_t archSize = sizeof(fat_arch) * (mArchCount + 1);
+                       mArchList = (fat_arch *)malloc(archSize);
+                       if (!mArchList)
+                               UnixError::throwMe();
+                       if (fd.read(mArchList, archSize, mBase + sizeof(header)) != archSize) {
+                               ::free(mArchList);
+                               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+                       }
+                       for (fat_arch *arch = mArchList; arch <= mArchList + mArchCount; arch++) {
+                               n2hi(arch->cputype);
+                               n2hi(arch->cpusubtype);
+                               n2hi(arch->offset);
+                               n2hi(arch->size);
+                               n2hi(arch->align);
+                       }
+                       const fat_arch *last_arch = mArchList + mArchCount;
+                       if (last_arch->cputype == (CPU_ARCH_ABI64 | CPU_TYPE_ARM)) {
+                               mArchCount++;
+                       }
+                       secdebug("macho", "%p is a fat file with %d architectures",
+                               this, mArchCount);
+
+                       /* A Mach-O universal file has padding of no more than "page size"
+                        * between the header and slices. This padding must be zeroed out or the file
+                          is not valid */
+                       std::list<struct fat_arch *> sortedList;
+                       for (unsigned i = 0; i < mArchCount; i++)
+                               sortedList.push_back(mArchList + i);
+
+                       sortedList.sort(^ bool (const struct fat_arch *arch1, const struct fat_arch *arch2) { return arch1->offset < arch2->offset; });
+
+                       const size_t universalHeaderEnd = mBase + sizeof(header) + (sizeof(fat_arch) * mArchCount);
+                       size_t prevHeaderEnd = universalHeaderEnd;
+                       size_t prevArchSize = 0, prevArchStart = 0;
+
+                       for (auto iterator = sortedList.begin(); iterator != sortedList.end(); ++iterator) {
+                               auto ret = mSizes.insert(std::pair<size_t, size_t>((*iterator)->offset, (*iterator)->size));
+                               if (ret.second == false) {
+                                       ::free(mArchList);
+                                       MacOSError::throwMe(errSecInternalError); // Something is wrong if the same size was encountered twice
+                               }
+
+                               size_t gapSize = (*iterator)->offset - prevHeaderEnd;
+
+                               /* The size of the padding after the universal cannot be calculated to a fixed size */
+                               if (prevHeaderEnd != universalHeaderEnd) {
+                                       if (((*iterator)->align > MAX_ALIGN) || gapSize >= (1 << (*iterator)->align)) {
+                                               mSuspicious = true;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               // validate gap bytes in tasty page-sized chunks
+                               CssmAutoPtr<uint8_t> gapBytes(Allocator::standard().malloc<uint8_t>(PAGE_SIZE));
+                               size_t off = 0;
+                               while (off < gapSize) {
+                                       size_t want = min(gapSize - off, (size_t)PAGE_SIZE);
+                                       size_t got = fd.read(gapBytes, want, prevHeaderEnd + off);
+                                       off += got;
+                                       for (size_t x = 0; x < got; x++) {
+                                               if (gapBytes[x] != 0) {
+                                                       mSuspicious = true;
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       if (mSuspicious)
+                                               break;
+                               }
+                               if (off != gapSize)
+                                       mSuspicious = true;
+                               if (mSuspicious)
+                                       break;
+
+                               prevHeaderEnd = (*iterator)->offset + (*iterator)->size;
+                               prevArchSize = (*iterator)->size;
+                               prevArchStart = (*iterator)->offset;
+                       }
+
+                       /* If there is anything extra at the end of the file, reject this */
+                       if (!mSuspicious && (prevArchStart + prevArchSize != fd.fileSize()))
+                               mSuspicious = true;
+
+                       break;
+               }
+       case MH_MAGIC:
+       case MH_MAGIC_64:
+               mArchList = NULL;
+               mArchCount = 0;
+               mThinArch = Architecture(mheader.cputype, mheader.cpusubtype);
+               secdebug("macho", "%p is a thin file (%s)", this, mThinArch.name());
+               break;
+       case MH_CIGAM:
+       case MH_CIGAM_64:
+               mArchList = NULL;
+               mArchCount = 0;
+               mThinArch = Architecture(flip(mheader.cputype), flip(mheader.cpusubtype));
+               secdebug("macho", "%p is a thin file (%s)", this, mThinArch.name());
+               break;
+       default:
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+       }
+}
+
+Universal::~Universal()
+{
+       ::free(mArchList);
+}
+
+const size_t Universal::lengthOfSlice(size_t offset) const
+{
+       auto ret = mSizes.find(offset);
+       if (ret == mSizes.end())
+               MacOSError::throwMe(errSecInternalError);
+       return ret->second;
+}
+
+//
+// Get the "local" architecture from the fat file
+// Throws ENOEXEC if not found.
+//
+MachO *Universal::architecture() const
+{
+       if (isUniversal())
+               return findImage(bestNativeArch());
+       else
+               return new MachO(*this, mBase, mLength);
+}
+
+size_t Universal::archOffset() const
+{
+       if (isUniversal())
+               return mBase + findArch(bestNativeArch())->offset;
+       else
+               return mBase;
+}
+
+
+//
+// Get the specified architecture from the fat file
+// Throws ENOEXEC if not found.
+//
+MachO *Universal::architecture(const Architecture &arch) const
+{
+       if (isUniversal())
+               return findImage(arch);
+       else if (mThinArch.matches(arch))
+               return new MachO(*this, mBase);
+       else
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+}
+
+size_t Universal::archOffset(const Architecture &arch) const
+{
+       if (isUniversal())
+               return mBase + findArch(arch)->offset;
+       else if (mThinArch.matches(arch))
+               return 0;
+       else
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+}
+
+size_t Universal::archLength(const Architecture &arch) const
+{
+       if (isUniversal())
+               return mBase + findArch(arch)->size;
+       else if (mThinArch.matches(arch))
+               return this->fileSize();
+       else
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+}
+
+//
+// Get the architecture at a specified offset from the fat file.
+// Throws an exception of the offset does not point at a Mach-O image.
+//
+MachO *Universal::architecture(size_t offset) const
+{
+       if (isUniversal())
+               return new MachO(*this, offset);
+       else if (offset == mBase)
+               return new MachO(*this);
+       else
+               UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);
+}
+
+
+//
+// Locate an architecture from the fat file's list.
+// Throws ENOEXEC if not found.
+//
+const fat_arch *Universal::findArch(const Architecture &target) const
+{
+       assert(isUniversal());
+       const fat_arch *end = mArchList + mArchCount;
+       // exact match
+       for (const fat_arch *arch = mArchList; arch < end; ++arch)
+               if (arch->cputype == target.cpuType()
+                       && arch->cpusubtype == target.cpuSubtype())
+                       return arch;
+       // match for generic model of main architecture
+       for (const fat_arch *arch = mArchList; arch < end; ++arch)
+               if (arch->cputype == target.cpuType() && arch->cpusubtype == 0)
+                       return arch;
+       // match for any subarchitecture of the main architecture (questionable)
+       for (const fat_arch *arch = mArchList; arch < end; ++arch)
+               if (arch->cputype == target.cpuType())
+                       return arch;
+       // no match
+       UnixError::throwMe(ENOEXEC);    // not found    
+}
+
+MachO *Universal::findImage(const Architecture &target) const
+{
+       const fat_arch *arch = findArch(target);
+       return new MachO(*this, mBase + arch->offset, arch->size);
+}
+
+
+//
+// Find the best-matching architecture for this fat file.
+// We pick the native architecture if it's available.
+// If it contains exactly one architecture, we take that.
+// Otherwise, we throw.
+//
+Architecture Universal::bestNativeArch() const
+{
+       if (isUniversal()) {
+               // ask the NXArch API for our native architecture
+               const Architecture native = Architecture::local();
+               if (fat_arch *match = NXFindBestFatArch(native.cpuType(), native.cpuSubtype(), mArchList, mArchCount))
+                       return *match;
+               // if the system can't figure it out, pick (arbitrarily) the first one
+               return mArchList[0];
+       } else
+               return mThinArch;
+}
+
+//
+// List all architectures from the fat file's list.
+//
+void Universal::architectures(Architectures &archs) const
+{
+       if (isUniversal()) {
+               for (unsigned n = 0; n < mArchCount; n++)
+                       archs.insert(mArchList[n]);
+       } else {
+               auto_ptr<MachO> macho(architecture());
+               archs.insert(macho->architecture());
+       }
+}
+
+//
+// Quickly guess the Mach-O type of a file.
+// Returns type zero if the file isn't Mach-O or Universal.
+// Always looks at the start of the file, and does not change the file pointer.
+//
+uint32_t Universal::typeOf(FileDesc fd)
+{
+       mach_header header;
+       int max_tries = 3;
+       if (fd.read(&header, sizeof(header), 0) != sizeof(header))
+               return 0;
+       while (max_tries > 0) {
+               switch (header.magic) {
+               case MH_MAGIC:
+               case MH_MAGIC_64:
+                       return header.filetype;
+                       break;
+               case MH_CIGAM:
+               case MH_CIGAM_64:
+                       return flip(header.filetype);
+                       break;
+               case FAT_MAGIC:
+               case FAT_CIGAM:
+                       {
+                               const fat_arch *arch1 =
+                                       LowLevelMemoryUtilities::increment<fat_arch>(&header, sizeof(fat_header));
+                               if (fd.read(&header, sizeof(header), ntohl(arch1->offset)) != sizeof(header))
+                                       return 0;
+                               max_tries--;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               default:
+                       return 0;
+               }
+       }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+//
+// Strict validation
+//
+bool Universal::isSuspicious() const
+{
+       if (mSuspicious)
+               return true;
+       Universal::Architectures archList;
+       architectures(archList);
+       for (Universal::Architectures::const_iterator it = archList.begin(); it != archList.end(); ++it) {
+               auto_ptr<MachO> macho(architecture(*it));
+               if (macho->isSuspicious())
+                       return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+
+} // Security