]> git.saurik.com Git - apple/security.git/blobdiff - OSX/libsecurity_keychain/libDER/Tests/parseTicket.c
Security-57336.1.9.tar.gz
[apple/security.git] / OSX / libsecurity_keychain / libDER / Tests / parseTicket.c
diff --git a/OSX/libsecurity_keychain/libDER/Tests/parseTicket.c b/OSX/libsecurity_keychain/libDER/Tests/parseTicket.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..a55cee5
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,586 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <openssl/pem.h>
+#include <openssl/rsa.h>
+#include <openssl/engine.h>
+#include <openssl/bio.h>
+#include <openssl/x509.h>
+#include <openssl/sha.h>
+#include "AppleMobilePersonalizedTicket.h"
+#include <libDER/libDER.h>
+#include <libDER/asn1Types.h>
+#include <libDER/DER_Decode.h>
+#include <libDER/DER_Encode.h>
+#include <libDER/DER_Keys.h>
+#include <libDER/oids.h>
+#include "DER_Ticket.h"
+
+const unsigned char GoldKeyCert[] = {
+0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x50, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00,
+0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00,
+0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x31, 0x6e, 0xc6, 0x4f,
+0xf1, 0xe8, 0x7d, 0x81, 0x38, 0x6d, 0xd8, 0xb3,
+0x2b, 0xe4, 0xb5, 0xa0, 0x09, 0xaf, 0x74, 0xdd,
+0xe9, 0x60, 0x27, 0x42, 0x07, 0xa3, 0xac, 0xef,
+0xe5, 0x75, 0x07, 0xa8, 0xc2, 0x2c, 0x25, 0x56,
+0x91, 0x37, 0xea, 0xdb, 0xdb, 0x68, 0x4a, 0x1c,
+0xe3, 0x29, 0x61, 0x85, 0xd7, 0xd8, 0x66, 0x86,
+0x66, 0xbf, 0xbf, 0x98, 0xae, 0xb4, 0xe9, 0x6c,
+0x13, 0x81, 0x97, 0x78, 0x2a, 0x8d, 0xdc, 0x37,
+0x9a, 0xf1, 0xa4, 0x0a, 0x9d, 0x74, 0xd5, 0x72,
+0xbc, 0xb5, 0x64, 0xa6, 0x1a, 0x62, 0xd5, 0x39,
+0xfb, 0x6f, 0xc0, 0xd1, 0xc7, 0x93, 0xc3, 0x20,
+0xda, 0x84, 0x69, 0x1e, 0xd9, 0x96, 0x2e, 0xc1,
+0x4f, 0x28, 0x96, 0x14, 0xa4, 0x68, 0x0a, 0x40,
+0xe5, 0x17, 0xe7, 0xd6, 0x76, 0x4d, 0x81, 0xd8,
+0xd2, 0xa6, 0x18, 0x82, 0x36, 0x40, 0x97, 0x31,
+0xd9, 0x88, 0xdf, 0xaf, 0x05, 0x3a, 0x4b, 0x4e,
+0x1b, 0x4a, 0x76, 0x6f, 0xb9, 0x6c, 0x18, 0x5d,
+0xd5, 0x98, 0xf0, 0xf1, 0xbe, 0x0a, 0xd9, 0x57,
+0x85, 0xc6, 0xc9, 0x63, 0xb3, 0xf5, 0x21, 0x26,
+0x07, 0xba, 0x6a, 0x05, 0xfb, 0x5a, 0x06, 0x87,
+0x2a, 0x30, 0x3f, 0xa9, 0xea, 0xab, 0x0e, 0x50,
+0x70, 0x3b, 0x7e, 0xd4, 0xd2, 0x8c, 0xf3, 0xa1,
+0xcf, 0x9a, 0x6c, 0x6b, 0xcf, 0x9b, 0x1b, 0x2a,
+0x97, 0x6a, 0x3c, 0x38, 0x40, 0x43, 0xb1, 0x97,
+0x19, 0x07, 0x64, 0x11, 0x94, 0x73, 0x14, 0xc9,
+0xa3, 0xfe, 0x7f, 0xf6, 0x64, 0x23, 0x73, 0xe3,
+0x76, 0xce, 0xf7, 0xf4, 0x2f, 0x6c, 0x9d, 0x0a,
+0xf6, 0x39, 0xe6, 0x1d, 0xb2, 0x17, 0x29, 0x39,
+0x98, 0x52, 0xda, 0xe0, 0x31, 0xa1, 0xfa, 0x85,
+0x52, 0xc2, 0x60, 0xb5, 0x11, 0x42, 0xc6, 0x9b,
+0x55, 0xd8, 0x40, 0x37, 0xf7, 0xdb, 0x01, 0x6a,
+0xd5, 0x26, 0x3b, 0x27, 0x07, 0x20, 0xf7, 0x58,
+0xd5, 0xa4, 0x1c, 0xe6, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x14, 0x6e,
+0xa4, 0xe8, 0xc8, 0xe8, 0x9a, 0x39, 0x6d, 0xde,
+0x7f, 0x67, 0x65, 0x40, 0x68, 0x26, 0x65, 0x62,
+0x95, 0x87, 0x45, 0x62, 0x0d, 0x8d, 0x42, 0xad,
+0x3b, 0x4f, 0xd3, 0x8f, 0x58, 0xcb, 0x61, 0x46,
+0xc9, 0x3d, 0x7d, 0x75, 0x3c, 0x6d, 0xac, 0xdf,
+0x53, 0xf4, 0x66, 0x9e, 0x14, 0x82, 0xc7, 0xd1,
+0xd0, 0xec, 0x92, 0x24, 0x97, 0x1e, 0xc9, 0x7a,
+0xfd, 0x8f, 0x75, 0xe2, 0xfd, 0x7e, 0x07, 0x44,
+0x46, 0x56, 0x64, 0x9b, 0x1b, 0x17, 0xfa, 0xd6,
+0xf5, 0xdb, 0xc9, 0x27, 0x3b, 0x60, 0x27, 0x2f,
+0x84, 0xd7, 0xac, 0x7f, 0xf3, 0xa7, 0x16, 0x31,
+0xfa, 0x19, 0x54, 0x57, 0x98, 0xb5, 0xdb, 0x9c,
+0xc3, 0xb5, 0x55, 0x72, 0x98, 0x2f, 0x56, 0x33,
+0x7c, 0x38, 0x1f, 0xb4, 0x8c, 0x94, 0x1a, 0x6a,
+0x26, 0x8a, 0x84, 0xfc, 0x8d, 0xb1, 0x49, 0xbb,
+0x6d, 0x11, 0x36, 0xc9, 0x05, 0x57, 0x87, 0xd2,
+0xdb, 0xd3, 0xe3, 0xea, 0x08, 0xb2, 0x9f, 0x44,
+0x85, 0xd7, 0xd4, 0x96, 0x25, 0xeb, 0x2b, 0xca,
+0x86, 0x0f, 0x33, 0x69, 0xc4, 0xda, 0x98, 0x68,
+0x21, 0xad, 0xd8, 0xc4, 0x4e, 0x46, 0x33, 0x43,
+0xad, 0xe7, 0xfe, 0x58, 0x10, 0x00, 0x76, 0x3c,
+0xd4, 0x14, 0x5a, 0x74, 0x43, 0x04, 0xc3, 0xdd,
+0x46, 0xc3, 0xe0, 0x4b, 0x46, 0xb5, 0x84, 0xcb,
+0xe6, 0x40, 0x71, 0xdf, 0x50, 0x16, 0x5f, 0xf0,
+0x0f, 0xc5, 0x9c, 0x50, 0x64, 0xe0, 0x64, 0x1c,
+0x58, 0x87, 0xae, 0x91, 0x9c, 0xb6, 0x57, 0x77,
+0xf0, 0xc4, 0x3e, 0xcf, 0xb6, 0xc5, 0x10, 0x0c,
+0xea, 0x5b, 0xcc, 0xaf, 0xee, 0x7b, 0x15, 0x4e,
+0x4e, 0x3c, 0x29, 0x9c, 0xf8, 0xe6, 0x59, 0xca,
+0xaf, 0x48, 0x12, 0x99, 0x76, 0xde, 0x54, 0xe2,
+0x75, 0x62, 0x31, 0x17,
+};
+
+#define SIG_LEN     128
+#define HASH_LEN    20
+
+const unsigned char fakeAlgOID[] = {
+0x06,0x09,0x2a,0x86,0x48,0x86,0xf7,0x0d,0x01,0x01,0x05
+};
+
+const unsigned char fakeG3Cert[] = {
+0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+0x1c,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+0x01,0x08,0x00,0x00,
+0x10,0x0a,0x00,0x00,
+0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,
+0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,
+0x19,0xfc,0xb6,0x7b,0x4e,0xa8,0xd7,0xb1,0xeb,0xf9,0x19,0x28,0x07,0x7f,0x47,0x4c,
+0xe1,0x9f,0xbe,0x01,0x15,0x5c,0xea,0xda,0xc3,0xd1,0x59,0x3c,0x75,0xed,0x00,0x7b,
+0x22,0x67,0x22,0xd6,0xd3,0xee,0xc2,0x04,0xdf,0x47,0xc4,0x85,0xc0,0x56,0xa4,0x8d,
+0xf3,0xf0,0xcf,0x00,0x9d,0xd2,0x03,0xc1,0x23,0x3f,0xc8,0x9f,0xef,0xfe,0xea,0x50,
+0x33,0x6b,0xbe,0x74,0x1a,0xa3,0x3c,0x13,0xa2,0xc5,0xf6,0x75,0x88,0x1d,0x3f,0xba,
+0xff,0x0d,0x47,0xab,0xbe,0xfe,0x42,0xd3,0xea,0xe2,0xe2,0xb0,0x06,0xd7,0x88,0xf8,
+0x1d,0x93,0xdf,0x86,0xbd,0xd8,0xa8,0x5f,0x2b,0xe3,0x97,0x41,0xa1,0xc6,0x1d,0x69,
+0xe9,0x88,0xdf,0x87,0xbb,0x1b,0xff,0x31,0x82,0xae,0x8a,0x69,0x31,0xca,0xc3,0x90,
+0x0f,0x0d,0x22,0xa3,0xcf,0x8d,0xcc,0x23,0x03,0x10,0xed,0x74,0x8e,0x13,0x74,0x49,
+0x9d,0x9a,0x1c,0xf2,0x57,0x2d,0x18,0x89,0x6d,0xb8,0xcc,0xab,0xcf,0xd9,0xd8,0x0e,
+0x46,0x68,0x98,0xa3,0x81,0x5d,0x18,0xe8,0x4d,0x03,0x96,0x14,0xc5,0xaf,0x21,0x91,
+0xb7,0x8c,0x97,0xa1,0x85,0xde,0x85,0x78,0xa8,0xd7,0x25,0x20,0x9b,0x2b,0x98,0x36,
+0xd5,0xfe,0x14,0x9b,0x5d,0xe3,0x78,0xf4,0xd6,0xb2,0x15,0xc9,0xfd,0x13,0x77,0x7b,
+0x8a,0x5e,0x9e,0x85,0xff,0x53,0x6d,0x24,0x5d,0xc9,0x52,0x16,0x98,0x18,0xb1,0xaf,
+0xe1,0x6a,0xd6,0xe8,0xa9,0x7c,0x78,0x8e,0x9f,0x79,0x21,0xa1,0xde,0xf4,0xaf,0x9c,
+0xd4,0x61,0x52,0xf9,0xe7,0xfc,0xd7,0x10,0x1b,0x91,0x66,0x14,0x26,0xfd,0xda,0xee,
+0xe5,0xd9,0x4c,0xb7,0x9d,0x6d,0x17,0xf8,0xc2,0x21,0xb4,0x34,0x08,0x0c,0x44,0x79,
+0x53,0x9c,0x81,0xbf,0x1f,0x22,0x0a,0xa6,0xe7,0x22,0x5f,0x5c,0xcb,0x31,0x2e,0xf5,
+0x0c,0x1a,0xf1,0x67,0x13,0x7f,0xe6,0xb3,0xb2,0xfe,0x6b,0x09,0xac,0xa6,0xd4,0x14,
+0xe7,0xe9,0x11,0x0e,0x49,0x99,0x06,0x04,0xa4,0x43,0x22,0xec,0x9f,0x59,0x83,0xfb,
+0xef,0xa3,0x8f,0x6b,0xde,0x70,0x0c,0xbb,0x89,0xe9,0x88,0xbc,0xeb,0x36,0x42,0x42,
+0x50,0x84,0xf5,0x93,0x98,0x93,0xed,0xa2,0x1f,0x13,0x60,0x36,0xc8,0x2f,0x9f,0xd1,
+0xc4,0x23,0xf6,0xd0,0x49,0x40,0xab,0xbe,0xf7,0x43,0x02,0x96,0xf0,0x74,0xa5,0x7d,
+0x68,0x89,0xfa,0x58, 0xad, 0x7b, 0x2f, 0x7d, 0xe8, 0x21, 0x34, 0x5e, 0x6c, 0x20,
+0x97, 0x9e
+};
+
+const unsigned char fakeSig[] = {
+0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,0x0f,0x10,
+0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,0x0f,0x10,
+0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,0x0f,0x10,
+0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,0x0f,0x10,
+0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,0x0f,0x10,
+0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,0x0f,0x10,
+0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,0x0f,0x10,
+0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0x09,0x0a,0x0b,0x0c,0x0d,0x0e,0x0f,0x10
+};
+
+static void
+dumpBytes( const char *title, const unsigned char *data, int len, int nonewline );
+
+static int
+rsa_sign(
+    const char *keyFile,
+    unsigned char *plain,
+    unsigned plainLength,
+    unsigned char signature[SIG_LEN] )
+{
+    int rc = -1;
+    FILE *fp = NULL;
+    RSA *rsa = NULL;
+    unsigned signatureLength = 0;
+
+    fp = fopen ( (char*) keyFile, "r" );
+    if ( !fp ) {
+        fprintf( stderr, "failed to open file=%s\n", keyFile );
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    rsa = RSA_new();
+    if ( !rsa ) {
+        fprintf( stderr, "RSA_new() failed\n" );
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    rsa = (RSA*)PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey( fp, &rsa, NULL, NULL );
+    if ( !rsa ) {
+        fprintf( stderr, "PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey() failed\n" );
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    signatureLength = SIG_LEN;
+    char sha1[20] = {};
+    (void) SHA1( plain, plainLength, (unsigned char*)sha1 );
+    rc = RSA_sign( NID_sha1, (unsigned char*)sha1, sizeof( sha1),
+        signature, &signatureLength, rsa );
+    if ( rc != 1 ) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "RSA_sign failed=%d\n", rc );
+        rc = -1;
+        goto cleanup;
+    } else {
+        rc = 0;
+    }
+
+cleanup:
+    if ( fp ) fclose( fp );
+    RSA_free( rsa );
+    return rc;
+}
+
+static int
+rsa_verify(
+    const char *keyFile,
+    unsigned char *plain,
+    unsigned plainLength,
+    unsigned char signature[SIG_LEN] )
+{
+    int rc = -1;
+    FILE *fp = NULL;
+    RSA *rsa = NULL;
+    unsigned signatureLength = 0;
+
+    fp = fopen ( (char*) keyFile, "r" );
+    if ( !fp ) {
+        fprintf( stderr, "failed to open file=%s\n", keyFile );
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    rsa = RSA_new();
+    if ( !rsa ) {
+        fprintf( stderr, "RSA_new() failed\n" );
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    rsa = (RSA*)PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey( fp, &rsa, NULL, NULL );
+    if ( !rsa ) {
+        fprintf( stderr, "PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey() failed\n" );
+        goto cleanup;
+    }
+    signatureLength = SIG_LEN;
+    char sha1[20] = {};
+    (void) SHA1( plain, plainLength, (unsigned char*)sha1 );
+    rc = RSA_verify( NID_sha1, (unsigned char*)sha1, sizeof( sha1 ),
+        signature, signatureLength, rsa );
+    if ( rc != 1 ) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "RSA_verify failed=%d\n", rc );
+        rc = -1;
+        goto cleanup;
+    } else {
+        rc = 0;
+    }
+
+cleanup:
+    if ( fp ) fclose( fp );
+    RSA_free( rsa );
+    return rc;
+    return rc;
+}
+
+static void
+dumpBytes( const char *title, const unsigned char *data, int len, int nonewline )
+{
+    int width = 16;
+    int line = 0;
+    int multiple = 0;
+
+    multiple = ( len % width == 0 );
+
+    printf( "[%s: %d bytes]\n", title, len );
+    while ( len-- > 0 ) {
+        line++;
+        printf( "%02X ", *data++ );
+        if ( line % width == 0 && len > 0 && !nonewline ) {
+            printf( "\n" );
+        }
+    }
+
+    printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void
+readFile(char *filename, unsigned char **data, unsigned *len)
+{
+    int size = 0;
+    FILE *file = NULL;
+    if ((file = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "could not open file=%s", filename);
+        return;
+    }
+    fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
+    size = ftell(file);
+    *len = size;
+    *data = (unsigned char*)malloc(*len);
+    if (!*data) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory");
+        fclose(file);
+        return;
+    }
+    rewind(file);
+    (void)fread(*data, size, 1, file);
+    fclose(file);
+}
+
+static void
+writeFile( char* filename, unsigned char* buf, int len )
+{
+    FILE *file = NULL;
+    file = fopen( filename, "w" );
+    if ( file ) {
+        fwrite( buf, len, 1, file );
+        fclose( file );
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void
+verify_bb_ticket(
+    unsigned char *ticketData,
+    unsigned ticketLength,
+    const char *keyFile,
+    bool doPrint )
+{
+    if ( doPrint ) {
+        dumpBytes( "Ticket (whole)", ticketData, ticketLength, 0 );
+        printf( "\nBreakdown:\n" );
+    }
+
+    DERItem derTicket = { .data = ticketData, .length = ticketLength };
+    DERReturn drtn;
+    DERBbTicket ticket = {};
+    DERSize ticketSize;
+    drtn = DERDecodeBbTicket(&derTicket, &ticket, &ticketSize);
+    if (drtn != DR_Success) goto badTicket;
+    fprintf( stderr, "ticketSize=%u\n", ticketSize );
+
+    // Verify signature if key file exists (we should really use the certificate or GPUK in the ticket here. */
+    if ( keyFile ) {
+        int status =  rsa_verify(
+            keyFile,
+            (unsigned char *)ticket.body.data,
+            ticket.body.length,
+            (unsigned char *)ticket.signature.data );
+        if ( status ) {
+            fprintf( stderr, "rsa_verify failed=%d\n", status );
+        } else {
+            fprintf( stdout, "Signature verified successfully\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Example of how to retrive fields from ticket. */
+    DERItem snum;
+    drtn = DERSetDecodeItemWithTag(&ticket.body,
+        ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | kBbSNUMTag, &snum);
+    if (drtn != DR_Success) goto badTicket;
+    DERItem chipId;
+    drtn = DERSetDecodeItemWithTag(&ticket.body,
+        ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | kBbChipIDTag, &chipId);
+    if (drtn != DR_Success) goto badTicket;
+
+    return;
+badTicket:
+    fprintf( stdout, "Bad ticket\n");
+    return;
+}
+
+static void
+verify_ticket_file(
+    const char *ticketFile,
+    const char *keyFile )
+{
+    unsigned char *ticket = NULL;
+    unsigned ticketLength = 0;
+    readFile( (char*)ticketFile, &ticket, &ticketLength );
+    verify_bb_ticket( ticket, ticketLength, keyFile, false );
+}
+
+static void
+make_sample_ap_ticket( void )
+{
+    unsigned char chipId[] = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };
+    unsigned char ecid[] = { 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07 };
+
+    DERApTicket ticket = { };
+
+    /* Encode the signatureAlgorithm field of the ticket. */
+    DERAlgorithmId algorithmId = { .oid = oidSha1Rsa, .params = {} };
+    ticket.signatureAlgorithm.length = DERLengthOfEncodedSequence(
+        ASN1_CONSTR_SEQUENCE, &algorithmId, DERNumAlgorithmIdItemSpecs,
+        DERAlgorithmIdItemSpecs);
+    ticket.signatureAlgorithm.data = malloc(ticket.signatureAlgorithm.length);
+    DEREncodeSequence(ASN1_CONSTR_SEQUENCE, &algorithmId, DERNumAlgorithmIdItemSpecs, DERAlgorithmIdItemSpecs, ticket.signatureAlgorithm.data, &ticket.signatureAlgorithm.length);
+
+    /* Construct ticket body. */
+    DERSize numBodyItemSpecs = 0;
+    DERItemSpec bodyItemSpecs[50] = {};
+    DERItem bodyItems[50] = {};
+
+    /* Add tags in sorted order. */
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].offset = numBodyItemSpecs * sizeof(DERItem);
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].tag = ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | kApECIDTag;
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].options = DER_ENC_NO_OPTS;
+    bodyItems[numBodyItemSpecs].data = ecid;
+    bodyItems[numBodyItemSpecs].length = sizeof(ecid);
+    numBodyItemSpecs++;
+
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].offset = numBodyItemSpecs * sizeof(DERItem);
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].tag = ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | kApChipIDTag;
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].options = DER_ENC_NO_OPTS;
+    bodyItems[numBodyItemSpecs].data = chipId;
+    bodyItems[numBodyItemSpecs].length = sizeof(chipId);
+    numBodyItemSpecs++;
+
+    /* Encode ticket body. */
+    ticket.body.length = DERLengthOfEncodedSequence(ASN1_CONSTR_SET,
+        &bodyItems, numBodyItemSpecs, bodyItemSpecs);
+    ticket.body.data = malloc(ticket.body.length);
+    DEREncodeSequence(ASN1_CONSTR_SET, &bodyItems, numBodyItemSpecs,
+        bodyItemSpecs, ticket.body.data, &ticket.body.length);
+
+    // Signature
+    ticket.signature.data = (DERByte *)fakeSig;
+    ticket.signature.length = sizeof(fakeSig);
+
+    // Certificates
+    DERItemSpec certItemSpecs[1];
+    DERItem certItems[1];
+    certItemSpecs[0].offset = 0;
+    certItemSpecs[0].tag = ASN1_CONSTR_SEQUENCE;
+    certItemSpecs[0].options = DER_ENC_WRITE_DER;
+
+    // NOTE: The Certificate should be added to the ticket by the host. I'm just simulating that here
+    // to generate the final ticket blob.
+    readFile("S5L8920_TATSU_FAC_DARWIN_DEV_CHAIN.der", &certItems[0].data, &certItems[0].length);
+
+    ticket.certificates.length = DERLengthOfEncodedSequence(
+        ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | 1, &certItems,
+        1, certItemSpecs);
+    ticket.certificates.data = malloc(ticket.certificates.length);
+    DEREncodeSequence(ASN1_CONSTRUCTED | ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | 1, &certItems,
+        1, certItemSpecs, ticket.certificates.data, &ticket.certificates.length);
+
+    /* Encode the entire ticket. */
+    DERSize ticketLength = DERLengthOfEncodedSequence(ASN1_CONSTR_SEQUENCE,
+        &ticket, DERNumApTicketItemSpecs, DERApTicketItemSpecs);
+    DERByte *ticketBytes = malloc(ticketLength);
+    DEREncodeSequence(ASN1_CONSTR_SEQUENCE, &ticket, DERNumApTicketItemSpecs, DERApTicketItemSpecs,
+        ticketBytes, &ticketLength);
+
+    // save ticket to file
+    writeFile("ApTicket.bin", ticketBytes, ticketLength);
+
+//cleanup:
+    free(ticket.body.data);
+    free(ticket.signatureAlgorithm.data);
+    free(ticket.certificates.data);
+    free(ticketBytes);
+}
+
+static void
+make_sample_bb_ticket( void )
+{
+    int status = 0;
+    unsigned char chipId[] = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };
+    unsigned char snum[] = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 };
+    unsigned char signature[SIG_LEN] = {};
+    DERByte *ticketBytes = NULL;
+
+    DERBbTicket ticket = {};
+
+    /* Encode the signatureAlgorithm field of the ticket. */
+    DERAlgorithmId algorithmId = { .oid = oidSha1Rsa };
+    ticket.signatureAlgorithm.length = DERLengthOfEncodedSequence(
+        ASN1_CONSTR_SEQUENCE, &algorithmId, DERNumAlgorithmIdItemSpecs,
+        DERAlgorithmIdItemSpecs);
+    ticket.signatureAlgorithm.data = malloc(ticket.signatureAlgorithm.length);
+    DEREncodeSequence(ASN1_CONSTR_SEQUENCE, &algorithmId,
+        DERNumAlgorithmIdItemSpecs, DERAlgorithmIdItemSpecs,
+        ticket.signatureAlgorithm.data, &ticket.signatureAlgorithm.length);
+
+    /* Construct ticket body. */
+    DERSize numBodyItemSpecs = 0;
+    DERItemSpec bodyItemSpecs[50] = {};
+    DERItem bodyItems[50] = {};
+
+    /* Add tags in sorted order. */
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].offset = numBodyItemSpecs * sizeof(DERItem);
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].tag = ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | kBbSNUMTag;
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].options = DER_ENC_NO_OPTS;
+    bodyItems[numBodyItemSpecs].data = snum;
+    bodyItems[numBodyItemSpecs].length = sizeof(snum);
+    numBodyItemSpecs++;
+
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].offset = numBodyItemSpecs * sizeof(DERItem);
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].tag = ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | kBbChipIDTag;
+    bodyItemSpecs[numBodyItemSpecs].options = DER_ENC_NO_OPTS;
+    bodyItems[numBodyItemSpecs].data = chipId;
+    bodyItems[numBodyItemSpecs].length = sizeof(chipId);
+    numBodyItemSpecs++;
+
+    /* Encode ticket body. */
+    ticket.body.length = DERLengthOfEncodedSequence(ASN1_CONSTR_SET,
+        &bodyItems, numBodyItemSpecs, bodyItemSpecs);
+    ticket.body.data = malloc(ticket.body.length);
+    DEREncodeSequence(ASN1_CONSTR_SET, &bodyItems, numBodyItemSpecs, bodyItemSpecs,
+        ticket.body.data, &ticket.body.length);
+
+    // NOTE: In the SEE machine, the Body above will then be hashed/signed to generate signature
+    status =  rsa_sign(
+        "G1_GPrK.pem",
+        ticket.body.data,
+        ticket.body.length,
+        (unsigned char *)signature );
+    if ( status ) {
+        fprintf( stderr, "rsa_sign failed=%d\n", status );
+        goto cleanup;
+    } else {
+        fprintf( stdout, "Signed successfully\n");
+    }
+
+    status =  rsa_verify(
+        "G1_GPrK.pem",
+        ticket.body.data,
+        ticket.body.length,
+        (unsigned char *)signature );
+    if ( status ) {
+        fprintf( stderr, "rsa_verify failed=%d\n", status );
+        goto cleanup;
+    } else {
+        fprintf( stdout, "Signature verified successfully\n");
+    }
+
+    // Signature
+    ticket.signature.data = signature;
+    ticket.signature.length = SIG_LEN;
+
+    // Certificates
+    ticket.gpuk.length = sizeof(GoldKeyCert);
+    ticket.gpuk.data = (DERByte *)GoldKeyCert;
+
+    /* Encode the entire ticket. */
+    DERSize ticketLength = DERLengthOfEncodedSequence(ASN1_CONSTR_SEQUENCE,
+        &ticket, DERNumBbTicketItemSpecs, DERBbTicketItemSpecs);
+    ticketBytes = malloc(ticketLength);
+    DEREncodeSequence(ASN1_CONSTR_SEQUENCE, &ticket, DERNumBbTicketItemSpecs,
+        DERBbTicketItemSpecs, ticketBytes, &ticketLength);
+
+    // save ticket to file
+    writeFile("BbTicket.bin", ticketBytes, ticketLength);
+
+cleanup:
+    free(ticket.body.data);
+    free(ticket.signatureAlgorithm.data);
+    free(ticketBytes);
+}
+
+static void
+long_tag_test(void)
+{
+    printf("ASN1_TAG_MASK           0x%.016qx\n", (uint64_t)ASN1_TAG_MASK);
+    printf("ASN1_TAGNUM_MASK        0x%.016qx\n", (uint64_t)ASN1_TAGNUM_MASK);
+    printf("ASN1_METHOD_MASK        0x%.016qx\n", (uint64_t)ASN1_METHOD_MASK);
+    printf("ASN1_PRIMITIVE          0x%.016qx\n", (uint64_t)ASN1_PRIMITIVE);
+    printf("ASN1_CONSTRUCTED        0x%.016qx\n", (uint64_t)ASN1_CONSTRUCTED);
+    printf("ASN1_CLASS_MASK         0x%.016qx\n", (uint64_t)ASN1_CLASS_MASK);
+    printf("ASN1_UNIVERSAL          0x%.016qx\n", (uint64_t)ASN1_UNIVERSAL);
+    printf("ASN1_APPLICATION        0x%.016qx\n", (uint64_t)ASN1_APPLICATION);
+    printf("ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC   0x%.016qx\n", (uint64_t)ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC);
+    printf("ASN1_PRIVATE            0x%.016qx\n", (uint64_t)ASN1_PRIVATE);
+
+    DERByte buf[10];
+    DERSize len = sizeof(buf);
+    DERReturn drtn;
+    DERTag tag = ASN1_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | ASN1_TAGNUM_MASK;
+    drtn = DEREncodeItem(tag, 0, 0, buf, &len);
+    if (drtn)
+    {
+        printf("DEREncodeItem: %u\n", drtn);
+    }
+    DERItem der = { .data = buf, .length = len };
+
+    dumpBytes("tlv", buf, len, 0);
+
+    DERDecodedInfo decoded;
+    drtn = DERDecodeItem(&der, &decoded);
+    if (drtn)
+    {
+        printf("DERDecodeItem: %u\n", drtn);
+    }
+    if (decoded.tag != tag)
+    {
+        printf("DERDecodeItem tag: 0x%qx != 0x%qx\n", (uint64_t)decoded.tag, (uint64_t)tag);
+    }
+    printf("DERDecodeItem tag: 0x%qx encoded in %u bytes, decoded length: %u\n",
+        (uint64_t)tag, len, decoded.content.length);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    long_tag_test();
+    printf( "=> Making sample BB ticket...\n");
+    make_sample_bb_ticket();
+    printf( "=> Making sample AP ticket...\n");
+    make_sample_ap_ticket();
+    printf( "=> Verifying signature in bb_ticket.bin ...\n");
+    verify_ticket_file( "bb_ticket.bin", "G1_GPrK.pem" );
+    return 0;
+}