network_cmds-433.tar.gz

[apple/network_cmds.git] / ifconfig.tproj / ifconfig.8

diff --git a/ifconfig.tproj/ifconfig.8 b/ifconfig.tproj/ifconfig.8
index 216d66a64705765470e518fd7b0f36ad9a4e4ca8..91a2926b1431e35bd478022345d0af3340a280b6 100644 (file)
--- a/ifconfig.tproj/ifconfig.8
+++ b/ifconfig.tproj/ifconfig.8
@@ -1,3 +1,29 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 2013 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
+.\" 
+.\" This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
+.\" as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
+.\" Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
+.\" compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
+.\" may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
+.\" unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
+.\" circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
+.\" terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
+.\" 
+.\" Please obtain a copy of the License at
+.\" http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
+.\"
+.\" The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
+.\" distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
+.\" EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
+.\" INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+.\" FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+.\" Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
+.\" limitations under the License.
+.\" 
+.\" @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
+.\"

 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
 .\"    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
 .\"    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 .\"


@@ -9,10 +35,6 @@
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 .\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 .\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
-.\"    This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\"    California, Berkeley and its contributors.

 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 .\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 .\"    without specific prior written permission.
 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 .\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 .\"    without specific prior written permission.


@@ -29,139 +51,227 @@
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"
 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 .\" SUCH DAMAGE.
 .\"

-.\"     @(#)ifconfig.8 8.4 (Berkeley) 6/1/94
+.\"     From: @(#)ifconfig.8   8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
+.\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8,v 1.142.2.6.2.1 2008/11/25 02:59:29 kensmith Exp $

 .\"
 .\"

-.Dd June 1, 1994
+.Dd June 20, 2008

 .Dt IFCONFIG 8
 .Dt IFCONFIG 8

-.Os BSD 4.2
+.Os

 .Sh NAME
 .Nm ifconfig
 .Nd configure network interface parameters
 .Sh SYNOPSIS
 .Sh NAME
 .Nm ifconfig
 .Nd configure network interface parameters
 .Sh SYNOPSIS

-.Nm ifconfig
-.Ar interface address_family
+.Nm
+.Op Fl L
+.Op Fl m
+.Op Fl r
+.Ar interface
+.Op Cm create
+.Op Ar address_family

 .Oo
 .Ar address
 .Op Ar dest_address
 .Oc
 .Op Ar parameters
 .Oo
 .Ar address
 .Op Ar dest_address
 .Oc
 .Op Ar parameters

-.Nm ifconfig
+.Nm

 .Ar interface
 .Ar interface

-.Op Ar protocol_family
-.Nm ifconfig
+.Cm destroy
+.Nm

 .Fl a
 .Fl a

+.Op Fl L

 .Op Fl d
 .Op Fl d

+.Op Fl m
+.Op Fl r

 .Op Fl u
 .Op Fl u

+.Op Fl v

 .Op Ar address_family
 .Op Ar address_family

-.Nm ifconfig
+.Nm

 .Fl l
 .Op Fl d
 .Op Fl u
 .Op Ar address_family
 .Fl l
 .Op Fl d
 .Op Fl u
 .Op Ar address_family

+.Nm
+.Op Fl L
+.Op Fl d
+.Op Fl m
+.Op Fl r
+.Op Fl u
+.Op Fl v
+.Op Fl C
+.Nm
+.Ar interface
+.Cm vlan
+.Ar vlan-tag
+.Cm vlandev
+.Ar iface
+.Nm
+.Ar interface
+.Cm -vlandev
+.Ar iface
+.Nm
+.Ar interface
+.Cm bonddev
+.Ar iface
+.Nm
+.Ar interface
+.Cm -bonddev
+.Ar iface
+.Nm
+.Ar interface
+.Cm bondmode
+.Ar lacp | static

 .Sh DESCRIPTION
 .Sh DESCRIPTION

-.Nm Ifconfig
-is used to assign an address
+The
+.Nm
+utility is used to assign an address

 to a network interface and/or configure
 network interface parameters.
 to a network interface and/or configure
 network interface parameters.

-.Nm Ifconfig
-must be used at boot time to define the network address
-of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
-a later time to redefine an interface's address
-or other operating parameters.
-.Pp
-Available operands for
-.Nm ifconfig:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It Ar Address
+.Pp
+The following options are available:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Ar address

 For the
 For the

-.Tn DARPA-Internet
+.Tn DARPA Ns -Internet

 family,
 the address is either a host name present in the host name data
 family,
 the address is either a host name present in the host name data

-base, 
+base,

 .Xr hosts 5 ,
 or a
 .Tn DARPA
 Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
 .Dq dot notation .
 .Xr hosts 5 ,
 or a
 .Tn DARPA
 Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
 .Dq dot notation .

-For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
-addresses are 
-.Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
-where
-.Ar net
-is the assigned network number (in decimal),
-and each of the six bytes of the host number,
-.Ar a
-through
-.Ar f ,
-are specified in hexadecimal.
-The host number may be omitted on 10Mb/s Ethernet interfaces,
-which use the hardware physical address,
-and on interfaces other than the first.
+.Pp
+It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
+slash notation) to include the netmask.
+That is, one can specify an address like
+.Li 192.168.0.1/16 .
+.Pp

 For the
 For the

-.Tn ISO
-family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
-as in the Xerox family.  However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
-byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
-count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
+.Dq inet6
+family, it is also possible to specify the prefix length using the slash
+notation, like
+.Li ::1/128 .
+See the
+.Cm prefixlen
+parameter below for more information.
+.\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
+.\" addresses are
+.\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
+.\" where
+.\" .Ar net
+.\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
+.\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
+.\" .Ar a
+.\" through
+.\" .Ar f ,
+.\" are specified in hexadecimal.
+.\" The host number may be omitted on IEEE 802 protocol
+.\" (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring) interfaces,
+.\" which use the hardware physical address,
+.\" and on interfaces other than the first.
+.\" For the
+.\" .Tn ISO
+.\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
+.\" as in the Xerox family.
+.\" However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
+.\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
+.\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
+.Pp
+The link-level
+.Pq Dq link
+address
+is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
+This can be used to
+e.g.\& set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
+mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
+If the interface is already
+up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
+then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
+filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.

 .It Ar address_family
 .It Ar address_family

-Specifies the
-.Ar address family
+Specify the
+address family

 which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
 Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
 which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
 Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols

-with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommeded.
+with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.

 The address or protocol families currently
 supported are
 .Dq inet ,
 The address or protocol families currently
 supported are
 .Dq inet ,

-.Dq iso ,
+.Dq inet6 ,
+.\".Dq atalk ,
+.\".Dq ipx ,
+.\" .Dq iso ,

 and
 and

-.Dq ns .
-.It Ar Interface
-The
-.Ar interface
+.Dq link .
+.\" and
+.\" .Dq ns .
+The default is
+.Dq inet .
+.Dq ether
+and
+.Dq lladdr
+are synonyms for
+.Dq link .
+.It Ar dest_address
+Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
+of a point to point link.
+.It Ar interface
+This

 parameter is a string of the form
 .Dq name unit ,
 for example,
 parameter is a string of the form
 .Dq name unit ,
 for example,

-.Dq en0 
-.El
+.Dq Li en0 .
+\.El

 .Pp
 .Pp

-The following parameters may be set with 
-.Nm ifconfig :
-.Bl -tag -width dest_addressxx
+The following parameters may be set with
+.Nm :
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm add
+Another name for the
+.Cm alias
+parameter.
+Introduced for compatibility
+with
+.Bsx .

 .It Cm alias
 .It Cm alias

-Establish an additional network address for this interface.  This is
-sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and one wishes to
-accept packets addressed to the old interface. 
-A
-.Ar netmask
-should be used with this parameter.
-If the new (
-.Ar alias
-) address is on the same subnet as an existing address assigned to
-this interface, the netmask must be "255.255.255.255".  If a netmask
-is not supplied, the command will use the one implied by the address
-itself (e.g, Class A).  If the 'all ones' netmask is used, the system
-will handle route installation.  If another netmask is used, a route
-to that address must be installed by hand, e.g., "route add -host
-XX.XX.XX.XX -interface 127.0.0.1", where "XX.XX.XX.XX" is the new
-alias (c.f.
-.Ar route
-(8)).  In either case, the administrator may have to remove a route
-by hand when the alias is removed (
-.Ar -alias
-or 
-.Ar delete
-)
+Establish an additional network address for this interface.
+This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
+one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
+If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
+for this interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given.
+Usually
+.Li 0xffffffff
+is most appropriate.
+.It Fl alias
+Remove the network address specified.
+This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
+was no longer needed.
+If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
+of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
+allow you to respecify the host portion.
+.It Cm anycast
+(Inet6 only.)
+Specify that the address configured is an anycast address.
+Based on the current specification,
+only routers may configure anycast addresses.
+Anycast address will not be used as source address of any of outgoing
+IPv6 packets.

 .It Cm arp
 .It Cm arp

-Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol in mapping
+Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
+.Pq Xr arp 4
+in mapping

 between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
 This is currently implemented for mapping between
 .Tn DARPA
 Internet
 between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
 This is currently implemented for mapping between
 .Tn DARPA
 Internet

-addresses and 10Mb/s Ethernet addresses.
+addresses and
+.Tn IEEE
+802 48-bit MAC addresses (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).

 .It Fl arp
 .It Fl arp

-Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol.
+Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
+.Pq Xr arp 4 .

 .It Cm broadcast
 .It Cm broadcast

-(Inet only)
+(Inet only.)

 Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
 network.
 The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
 Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
 network.
 The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.


@@ -170,32 +280,152 @@ Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
 extra console error logging.
 .It Fl debug
 Disable driver dependent debugging code.
 extra console error logging.
 .It Fl debug
 Disable driver dependent debugging code.

-.ne 1i

 .It Cm delete
 .It Cm delete

-Remove the network address specified.
-This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
-was no longer needed.
-If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
-of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
-allow you to respecify the host portion.
-.It Cm dest_address
-Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
-of a point to point link.
+Another name for the
+.Fl alias
+parameter.

 .It Cm down
 .It Cm down

-Mark an interface ``down''.  When an interface is
-marked ``down'', the system will not attempt to
-transmit messages through that interface. 
+Mark an interface
+.Dq down .
+When an interface is marked
+.Dq down ,
+the system will not attempt to
+transmit messages through that interface.

 If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
 If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.

-This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
-.It Cm ipdst
-This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
-ip packets encapsulating NS packets bound for a remote network.
-An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
-the address specified will be taken as the NS address and network
-of the destination.
-IP encapsulation of
-.Tn CLNP
-packets is done differently.
+.It Cm ether
+Another name for the
+.Cm lladdr
+parameter.
+.\" .It Cm ipdst
+.\" This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
+.\" ip packets encapsulating NS packets bound for a remote network.
+.\" An apparent point to point link is constructed, and
+.\" the address specified will be taken as the NS address and network
+.\" of the destination.
+.\" IP encapsulation of
+.\" .Tn CLNP
+.\" packets is done differently.
+.It Cm lladdr Ar addr
+Set the link-level address on an interface.
+This can be used to
+e.g. set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
+mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
+The address
+.Ar addr
+is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
+If the interface is already
+up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
+then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
+filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
+.It Cm media Ar type
+If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
+of the interface to
+.Ar type .
+Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
+different physical media connectors.
+For example, a 10Mbit/s Ethernet
+interface might support the use of either
+.Tn AUI
+or twisted pair connectors.
+Setting the media type to
+.Cm 10base5/AUI
+would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
+Setting it to
+.Cm 10baseT/UTP
+would activate twisted pair.
+Refer to the interfaces' driver
+specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
+available types.
+.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
+If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
+media options on the interface.
+The
+.Ar opts
+argument
+is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
+Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
+list of available options.
+.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
+If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
+specified media options on the interface.
+.It Cm rxcsum , txcsum
+If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
+enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
+Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags independently
+of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
+The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
+support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
+.It Fl rxcsum , txcsum
+If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
+disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
+These settings may not always be independent of each other.
+.It Cm tso
+If the driver supports
+.Xr tcp 4
+segmentation offloading, enable TSO on the interface.
+Some drivers may not be able to support TSO for
+.Xr ip 4
+and
+.Xr ip6 4
+packets, so they may enable only one of them.
+.It Fl tso
+If the driver supports
+.Xr tcp 4
+segmentation offloading, disable TSO on the interface.
+It will always disable TSO for
+.Xr ip 4
+and
+.Xr ip6 4 .
+.It Cm lro
+If the driver supports
+.Xr tcp 4
+large receive offloading, enable LRO on the interface.
+.It Fl lro
+If the driver supports
+.Xr tcp 4
+large receive offloading, disable LRO on the interface.
+.It Cm av
+If supported by the driver, enable 802.1 AVB on the interface.
+.It Fl av
+If supported by the driver, disable 802.1 AVB on the interface.
+.It Cm vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
+If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
+reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
+respectively.
+Note that this must be issued on a physical interface associated with
+.Xr vlan 4 ,
+not on a
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface itself.
+.It Fl vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
+If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
+reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
+respectively.
+.It Cm create
+Create the specified network pseudo-device.
+If the interface is given without a unit number, try to create a new
+device with an arbitrary unit number.
+If creation of an arbitrary device is successful, the new device name is
+printed to standard output unless the interface is renamed or destroyed
+in the same
+.Nm
+invocation.
+.It Cm destroy
+Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
+.It Cm plumb
+Another name for the
+.Cm create
+parameter.
+Included for
+.Tn Solaris
+compatibility.
+.It Cm unplumb
+Another name for the
+.Cm destroy
+parameter.
+Included for
+.Tn Solaris
+compatibility.

 .It Cm metric Ar n
 Set the routing metric of the interface to
 .Ar n ,
 .It Cm metric Ar n
 Set the routing metric of the interface to
 .Ar n ,


@@ -203,16 +433,27 @@ default 0.
 The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
 .Pq Xr routed 8 .
 Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
 The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
 .Pq Xr routed 8 .
 Higher metrics have the effect of making a route

-less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
+less favorable; metrics are counted as additional hops

 to the destination network or host.
 to the destination network or host.

+.It Cm mtu Ar n
+Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
+.Ar n ,
+default is interface specific.
+The MTU is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
+interface.
+Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have
+range restrictions.

 .It Cm netmask Ar mask
 .It Cm netmask Ar mask

-(Inet and ISO)
+.\" (Inet and ISO.)
+(Inet only.)

 Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
 networks into sub-networks.
 The mask includes the network part of the local address
 and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
 The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
 Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
 networks into sub-networks.
 The mask includes the network part of the local address
 and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
 The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number

-with a leading 0x, with a dot-notation Internet address,
+with a leading
+.Ql 0x ,
+with a dot-notation Internet address,

 or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
 .Xr networks 5 .
 The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
 or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
 .Xr networks 5 .
 The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address


@@ -221,100 +462,631 @@ and 0's for the host part.
 The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
 and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
 portion.
 The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
 and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
 portion.

-.\" see 
+.Pp
+The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the address.
+See the
+.Ar address
+option above for more information.
+.It Cm prefixlen Ar len
+(Inet6 only.)
+Specify that
+.Ar len
+bits are reserved for subdividing networks into sub-networks.
+The
+.Ar len
+must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
+It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
+If the parameter is omitted, 64 is used.
+.Pp
+The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after the address.
+See the
+.Ar address
+option above for more information.
+.\" see

 .\" Xr eon 5 .
 .\" Xr eon 5 .

-.It Cm nsellength Ar n
-.Pf ( Tn ISO
-only)
-This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
-.Tn NSAP
-used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
-taken to be the
-.Tn NET
-(Network Entity Title).
-The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
-.Tn GOSIP .
-When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
-it is really the
-.Tn NSAP
-which is being specified.
-For example, in
-.Tn US GOSIP ,
-20 hex digits should be
-specified in the
-.Tn ISO NSAP
-to be assigned to the interface.
-There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
-for
-.Tn AFI
-37 type addresses.
-.It Cm trailers
-Request the use of a ``trailer'' link level encapsulation when
-sending (default).
-If a network interface supports
-.Cm trailers ,
-the system will, when possible, encapsulate outgoing
-messages in a manner which minimizes the number of
-memory to memory copy operations performed by the receiver.
-On networks that support the Address Resolution Protocol (see
-.Xr arp 4 ;
-currently, only 10 Mb/s Ethernet),
-this flag indicates that the system should request that other
-systems use trailers when sending to this host.
-Similarly, trailer encapsulations will be sent to other
-hosts that have made such requests.
-Currently used by Internet protocols only.
-.It Fl trailers
-Disable the use of a ``trailer'' link level encapsulation.
-.It Cm link[0-2]
+.\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
+.\" .Pf ( Tn ISO
+.\" only)
+.\" This specifies a trailing number of bytes for a received
+.\" .Tn NSAP
+.\" used for local identification, the remaining leading part of which is
+.\" taken to be the
+.\" .Tn NET
+.\" (Network Entity Title).
+.\" The default value is 1, which is conformant to US
+.\" .Tn GOSIP .
+.\" When an ISO address is set in an ifconfig command,
+.\" it is really the
+.\" .Tn NSAP
+.\" which is being specified.
+.\" For example, in
+.\" .Tn US GOSIP ,
+.\" 20 hex digits should be
+.\" specified in the
+.\" .Tn ISO NSAP
+.\" to be assigned to the interface.
+.\" There is some evidence that a number different from 1 may be useful
+.\" for
+.\" .Tn AFI
+.\" 37 type addresses.
+.It Cm remove
+Another name for the
+.Fl alias
+parameter.
+Introduced for compatibility
+with
+.Bsx .
+.Sm off
+.It Cm link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
+.Sm on

 Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
 These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
 Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
 These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,

-they are in general used to select special modes of operation. An example
-of this is to enable SLIP compression. Currently, only used by SLIP.
-.ne 1i
-.It Fl link[0-2]
+they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
+An example
+of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
+for some Ethernet cards.
+Refer to the man page for the specific driver
+for more information.
+.Sm off
+.It Fl link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
+.Sm on

 Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
 .It Cm up
 Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
 .It Cm up

-Mark an interface ``up''. 
-This may be used to enable an interface after an ``ifconfig down.''
+Mark an interface
+.Dq up .
+This may be used to enable an interface after an
+.Dq Nm Cm down .

 It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
 If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
 the hardware will be re-initialized.
 .El
 .Pp
 It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
 If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
 the hardware will be re-initialized.
 .El
 .Pp

-Special flags for 
-.Nm ifconfig:
-.Bl -tag -width Ds
-.It -a
-Produce a full listing for all available interfaces.
-.It -l
-Produce a name-only listing for all available interfaces.
-.It -d
-limit the listing to those interfaces that are down.
-.It -u
-limit the listing to those interfaces that are up.
+The following parameters are for ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol.
+Note that the address family keyword
+.Dq Li inet6
+is needed for them:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm nud
+Perform network unreachability detection (NUD).
+.It Cm -nud
+Do not perform network unreachability detection (NUD).
+.It Cm ifdisabled
+Disable all IPv6 communication on the interface.
+.It Cm -ifdisabled
+Do not disable all IPv6 communication on the interface.
+.It Cm insecure
+Disable the processing of Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND).
+.It Cm -insecure
+Do not disabled the processing of Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND).
+.El
+.Pp
+The following parameters are specific to link aggregate interfaces:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm bonddev Ar iface
+If the interface is a bond pseudo device, associate physical interface
+.Ar iface
+with it.  By default, the bond pseudo device is in LACP
+(Link Aggregation Control Protocol) mode (see \fBbondmode\fR below).  In
+this mode, the device conforms to the IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation 
+specification.
+.Pp
+If this is the first physical interface to be associated with the bond
+interface, the bond interface inherits the ethernet address from the
+physical interface.  Physical interfaces that are added to the bond have
+their ethernet address re-programmed so that all members of the bond have
+the same ethernet address.  If the physical interface is subsequently
+removed from the bond using
+.Fl bonddev ,
+a new ethernet address is chosen from the remaining interfaces, and all
+interfaces are re-programmed again with the new ethernet address.  If no
+remaining interfaces exist, the bond interface's ethernet address is cleared.
+.Pp
+If the specified physical interface
+.Ar iface
+is not capable of having its ethernet address re-programmed, the
+.Cm bonddev
+command will fail.
+.Pp
+Once the physical interface
+.Ar iface
+is successfully associated with the bond interface, all received packets
+are diverted to the bond interface.  The physical interface is no longer
+useable on its own, and remains that way until it is removed from the bond using
+.Fl bonddev .
+.Pp
+It is possible that the specified interface
+.Ar iface
+is not capable of aggregating, and may remain unused until the operating
+conditions change.
+.Pp
+The link status of the bond interface depends on the state of link aggregation.
+If no active partner is detected, the link status will remain inactive.
+.Pp
+To monitor the 802.3ad Link Aggregation state, use the
+.Fl b
+option.
+.Pp
+A physical interface that is associated with a vlan pseudo device cannot
+at the same time be associated with a bond pseudo device.  A physical interface
+cannot be associated with more than one bond pseudo device at the same time.
+.Pp
+It is not possible to associate a bond with pseudo interfaces such as vlan.
+Only physical ethernet interfaces may be associated with a bond.
+.It Fl bonddev Ar iface
+If the interface is a bond pseudo device, disassociate the physical interface
+.Ar iface
+from it.  Before the interface is removed from the bond, the bond device
+announces to the link partner that the interface is now individual and
+no longer aggregatable.
+If the physical
+.Ar iface
+is the last interface in the bond, the bond interface clears its link address.
+.It Cm bondmode Ar lacp | static
+If the interface is a bond pseudo device, this option will set the \fImode\fR
+on the bond interface.  The two currently supported modes are
+.Ar lacp
+and 
+.Ar static .
+The default mode is
+.Ar lacp .
+.Pp
+To enable static mode (and turn off LACP), specify
+.Ar static .
+In static mode, a member interface is made an active part of the 
+link aggregate as long as the link status is active.
+.Pp
+To re-enable LACP mode, specify
+.Ar lacp .
+.El
+.Pp
+The following parameters are specific to IP tunnel interfaces,
+.Xr gif 4 :
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
+Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
+interfaces.
+The arguments
+.Ar src_addr
+and
+.Ar dest_addr
+are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
+IPv4/IPv6 header.
+.It Fl tunnel
+Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
+interfaces previously configured with
+.Cm tunnel .
+.It Cm deletetunnel
+Another name for the
+.Fl tunnel
+parameter.

 .El
 .Pp
 .El
 .Pp

+The following parameters are specific to bridge interfaces:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm addm Ar interface
+Add the interface named by
+.Ar interface
+as a member of the bridge.
+The interface is put into promiscuous mode
+so that it can receive every packet sent on the network.
+.It Cm deletem Ar interface
+Remove the interface named by
+.Ar interface
+from the bridge.
+Promiscuous mode is disabled on the interface when
+it is removed from the bridge.
+.It Cm maxaddr Ar size
+Set the size of the bridge address cache to
+.Ar size .
+The default is 100 entries.
+.It Cm timeout Ar seconds
+Set the timeout of address cache entries to
+.Ar seconds
+seconds.
+If
+.Ar seconds
+is zero, then address cache entries will not be expired.
+The default is 240 seconds.
+.It Cm addr
+Display the addresses that have been learned by the bridge.
+.It Cm static Ar interface-name Ar address
+Add a static entry into the address cache pointing to
+.Ar interface-name .
+Static entries are never aged out of the cache or re-placed, even if the
+address is seen on a different interface.
+.It Cm deladdr Ar address
+Delete
+.Ar address
+from the address cache.
+.It Cm flush
+Delete all dynamically-learned addresses from the address cache.
+.It Cm flushall
+Delete all addresses, including static addresses, from the address cache.
+.It Cm discover Ar interface
+Mark an interface as a
+.Dq discovering
+interface.
+When the bridge has no address cache entry
+(either dynamic or static)
+for the destination address of a packet,
+the bridge will forward the packet to all
+member interfaces marked as
+.Dq discovering .
+This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
+.It Cm -discover Ar interface
+Clear the
+.Dq discovering
+attribute on a member interface.
+For packets without the
+.Dq discovering
+attribute, the only packets forwarded on the interface are broadcast
+or multicast packets and packets for which the destination address
+is known to be on the interface's segment.
+.It Cm learn Ar interface
+Mark an interface as a
+.Dq learning
+interface.
+When a packet arrives on such an interface, the source
+address of the packet is entered into the address cache as being a
+destination address on the interface's segment.
+This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
+.It Cm -learn Ar interface
+Clear the
+.Dq learning
+attribute on a member interface.
+.\".It Cm sticky Ar interface
+.\"Mark an interface as a
+.\".Dq sticky
+.\"interface.
+.\"Dynamically learned address entries are treated at static once entered into
+.\"the cache.
+.\"Sticky entries are never aged out of the cache or replaced, even if the
+.\"address is seen on a different interface.
+.\".It Cm -sticky Ar interface
+.\"Clear the
+.\".Dq sticky
+.\"attribute on a member interface.
+.\".It Cm private Ar interface
+.\"Mark an interface as a
+.\".Dq private
+.\"interface.
+.\"A private interface does not forward any traffic to any other port that is also
+.\"a private interface.
+.\".It Cm -private Ar interface
+.\"Clear the
+.\".Dq private
+.\"attribute on a member interface.
+.\".It Cm span Ar interface
+.\"Add the interface named by
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"as a span port on the bridge.
+.\"Span ports transmit a copy of every frame received by the bridge.
+.\"This is most useful for snooping a bridged network passively on
+.\"another host connected to one of the span ports of the bridge.
+.\".It Cm -span Ar interface
+.\"Delete the interface named by
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"from the list of span ports of the bridge.
+.It Cm stp Ar interface
+Enable Spanning Tree protocol on
+.Ar interface .
+The
+.Xr if_bridge 4
+driver has support for the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree protocol (STP).
+Spanning Tree is used to detect and remove loops in a network topology.
+.It Cm -stp Ar interface
+Disable Spanning Tree protocol on
+.Ar interface .
+This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
+.\".It Cm edge Ar interface
+.\"Set
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"as an edge port.
+.\"An edge port connects directly to end stations cannot create bridging
+.\"loops in the network, this allows it to transition straight to forwarding.
+.\".It Cm -edge Ar interface
+.\"Disable edge status on
+.\".Ar interface .
+.\".It Cm autoedge Ar interface
+.\"Allow
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"to automatically detect edge status.
+.\"This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
+.\".It Cm -autoedge Ar interface
+.\"Disable automatic edge status on
+.\".Ar interface .
+.\".It Cm ptp Ar interface
+.\"Set the
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"as a point to point link.
+.\"This is required for straight transitions to forwarding and
+.\"should be enabled on a direct link to another RSTP capable switch.
+.\".It Cm -ptp Ar interface
+.\"Disable point to point link status on
+.\".Ar interface .
+.\"This should be disabled for a half duplex link and for an interface
+.\"connected to a shared network segment,
+.\"like a hub or a wireless network.
+.\".It Cm autoptp Ar interface
+.\"Automatically detect the point to point status on
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"by checking the full duplex link status.
+.\"This is the default for interfaces added to the bridge.
+.\".It Cm -autoptp Ar interface
+.\"Disable automatic point to point link detection on
+.\".Ar interface .
+.It Cm maxage Ar seconds
+Set the time that a Spanning Tree protocol configuration is valid.
+The default is 20 seconds.
+The minimum is 6 seconds and the maximum is 40 seconds.
+.It Cm fwddelay Ar seconds
+Set the time that must pass before an interface begins forwarding
+packets when Spanning Tree is enabled.
+The default is 15 seconds.
+The minimum is 4 seconds and the maximum is 30 seconds.
+.It Cm hellotime Ar seconds
+Set the time between broadcasting of Spanning Tree protocol
+configuration messages.
+The hello time may only be changed when operating in legacy stp mode.
+The default is 2 seconds.
+The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 2 seconds.
+.It Cm priority Ar value
+Set the bridge priority for Spanning Tree.
+The default is 32768.
+The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 61440.
+.\".It Cm proto Ar value
+.\"Set the Spanning Tree protocol.
+.\"The default is rstp.
+.\"The available options are stp and rstp.
+.\".It Cm holdcnt Ar value
+.\"Set the transmit hold count for Spanning Tree.
+.\"This is the number of packets transmitted before being rate limited.
+.\"The default is 6.
+.\"The minimum is 1 and the maximum is 10.
+.It Cm ifpriority Ar interface Ar value
+Set the Spanning Tree priority of
+.Ar interface
+to
+.Ar value .
+The default is 128.
+The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 240.
+.It Cm ifpathcost Ar interface Ar value
+Set the Spanning Tree path cost of
+.Ar interface
+to
+.Ar value .
+The default is calculated from the link speed.
+To change a previously selected path cost back to automatic, set the
+cost to 0.
+The minimum is 1 and the maximum is 200000000.
+.It Cm ifmaxaddr Ar interface Ar size
+Set the maximum number of hosts allowed from an interface, packets with unknown
+source addresses are dropped until an existing host cache entry expires or is
+removed.
+Set to 0 to disable.
+.El
+.Pp
+The following parameters are specific to vlan interfaces:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
+Set the VLAN tag value to
+.Ar vlan_tag .
+This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
+VLAN header for packets sent from the
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface.
+Note that
+.Cm vlan
+and
+.Cm vlandev
+must both be set at the same time.
+.It Cm vlandev Ar iface
+Associate the physical interface
+.Ar iface
+with a
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface.
+Packets transmitted through the
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface will be
+diverted to the specified physical interface
+.Ar iface
+with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation.
+Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
+by the parent interface with the correct VLAN tag will be diverted to
+the associated
+.Xr vlan 4
+pseudo-interface.
+The
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface is assigned a
+copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
+The
+.Cm vlandev
+and
+.Cm vlan
+must both be set at the same time.
+If the
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface already has
+a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
+To
+change the association to another physical interface, the existing
+association must be cleared first.
+.Pp
+Note: if the hardware tagging capability
+is set on the parent interface, the
+.Xr vlan 4
+pseudo
+interface's behavior changes:
+the
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface recognizes that the
+parent interface supports insertion and extraction of VLAN tags on its
+own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
+the parent unaltered.
+.It Fl vlandev Op Ar iface
+If the driver is a
+.Xr vlan 4
+pseudo device, disassociate the parent interface from it.
+This breaks the link between the
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface and its parent,
+clears its VLAN tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
+The
+.Ar iface
+argument is useless and hence deprecated.
+.El

 .Pp
 .Pp

-.Nm Ifconfig
-displays the current configuration for a network interface
+The
+.Nm
+utility displays the current configuration for a network interface

 when no optional parameters are supplied.
 If a protocol family is specified,
 when no optional parameters are supplied.
 If a protocol family is specified,

-Ifconfig will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
+.Nm
+will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
+.Pp
+If the
+.Fl m
+flag is passed before an interface name,
+.Nm
+will display the capability list and all
+of the supported media for the specified interface.
+.Pp
+If
+.Fl L
+flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
+as time offset string.
+.Pp
+Optionally, the
+.Fl a
+flag may be used instead of an interface name.
+This flag instructs
+.Nm
+to display information about all interfaces in the system.
+The
+.Fl d
+flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and
+.Fl u
+limits this to interfaces that are up.
+When no arguments are given,
+.Fl a
+is implied.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl l
+flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
+no other additional information.
+Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
+with all other flags and commands, except for
+.Fl d
+(only list interfaces that are down)
+and
+.Fl u
+(only list interfaces that are up).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl v
+flag may be used to get more verbose status for an interface.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl C
+flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
+the system, with no additional information.
+Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl r
+flag may be used to show additional information related to the count of route references on the network interface.
+.Pp
+For bridge interfaces, the list of addresses learned by the bridge is not shown when displaying information about 
+all interfaces except when the 
+.Fl v
+flag is used.

 .Pp
 Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
 .Pp
 Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.

+.Sh NOTES
+The media selection system is relatively new and only some drivers support
+it (or have need for it).
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+Assign the IPv4 address
+.Li 192.0.2.10 ,
+with a network mask of
+.Li 255.255.255.0 ,
+to the interface
+.Li en0 :
+.Dl # ifconfig en0 inet 192.0.2.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
+.Pp
+Add the IPv4 address
+.Li 192.0.2.45 ,
+with the CIDR network prefix
+.Li /28 ,
+to the interface
+.Li en0 ,
+using
+.Cm add
+as a synonym for the canonical form of the option
+.Cm alias :
+.Dl # ifconfig en0 inet 192.0.2.45/28 add
+.Pp
+Remove the IPv4 address
+.Li 192.0.2.45
+from the interface
+.Li en0 :
+.Dl # ifconfig en0 inet 192.0.2.45 -alias
+.Pp
+Add the IPv6 address
+.Li 2001:DB8:DBDB::123/48
+to the interface
+.Li en0 :
+.Dl # ifconfig en0 inet6 2001:db8:bdbd::123 prefixlen 48 alias
+Note that lower case hexadecimal IPv6 addresses are acceptable.
+.Pp
+Remove the IPv6 address added in the above example,
+using the
+.Li /
+character as shorthand for the network prefix,
+and using
+.Cm delete
+as a synonym for the canonical form of the option
+.Fl alias :
+.Dl # ifconfig en0 inet6 2001:db8:bdbd::123/48 delete
+.Pp
+Configure the interface
+.Li en1 ,
+to use 100baseTX, full duplex Ethernet media options:
+.Dl # ifconfig en1 media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex
+.Pp
+Create the software network interface
+.Li gif1 :
+.Dl # ifconfig gif1 create
+.Pp
+Destroy the software network interface
+.Li gif1 :
+.Dl # ifconfig gif1 destroy

 .Sh DIAGNOSTICS
 .Sh DIAGNOSTICS

-Messages indicating the specified interface does not exit, the
+Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the

 requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
 tried to alter an interface's configuration.
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr netstat 1 ,
 .Xr netintro 4 ,
 requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
 tried to alter an interface's configuration.
 .Sh SEE ALSO
 .Xr netstat 1 ,
 .Xr netintro 4 ,

-.Xr rc 8 ,
-.Xr routed 8 ,
-.\" .Xr eon 5
+.Xr sysctl 8

 .Sh HISTORY
 The
 .Nm
 .Sh HISTORY
 The
 .Nm

-command appeared in
+utility appeared in

 .Bx 4.2 .
 .Bx 4.2 .

+.Sh BUGS
+Basic IPv6 node operation requires a link-local address on each
+interface configured for IPv6.
+Normally, such an address is automatically configured by the
+kernel on each interface added to the system; this behaviour may
+be disabled by setting the sysctl MIB variable
+.Va net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal
+to 0.
+.Pp
+If you delete such an address using
+.Nm ,
+the kernel may act very odd.
+Do this at your own risk.