+.\" Copyright (c) 2013 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
+.\"
+.\" This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
+.\" as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
+.\" Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
+.\" compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
+.\" may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
+.\" unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
+.\" circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
+.\" terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
+.\"
+.\" Please obtain a copy of the License at
+.\" http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
+.\"
+.\" The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
+.\" distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
+.\" EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
+.\" INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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+.\" Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
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+.\"
+.\" @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
+.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
-.\" must display the following acknowledgment:
-.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
-.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
-.\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8,v 1.27.2.14 2001/08/23 06:35:38 yar Exp $
+.\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ifconfig/ifconfig.8,v 1.142.2.6.2.1 2008/11/25 02:59:29 kensmith Exp $
.\"
-.Dd July 2, 2001
+.Dd June 20, 2008
.Dt IFCONFIG 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm
.Op Fl L
.Op Fl m
+.Op Fl r
.Ar interface
.Op Cm create
.Op Ar address_family
.Oo
-.Ar address Ns Op Cm / Ns Ar prefixlength
+.Ar address
.Op Ar dest_address
.Oc
.Op Ar parameters
.Op Fl L
.Op Fl d
.Op Fl m
+.Op Fl r
.Op Fl u
+.Op Fl v
.Op Ar address_family
.Nm
.Fl l
.Op Fl L
.Op Fl d
.Op Fl m
+.Op Fl r
.Op Fl u
+.Op Fl v
+.Op Fl C
+.Nm
+.Ar interface
+.Cm vlan
+.Ar vlan-tag
+.Cm vlandev
+.Ar iface
+.Nm
+.Ar interface
+.Cm -vlandev
+.Ar iface
+.Nm
+.Ar interface
+.Cm bonddev
+.Ar iface
+.Nm
+.Ar interface
+.Cm -bonddev
+.Ar iface
+.Nm
+.Ar interface
+.Cm bondmode
+.Ar lacp | static
.Sh DESCRIPTION
-.Nm Ifconfig
-is used to assign an address
+The
+.Nm
+utility is used to assign an address
to a network interface and/or configure
network interface parameters.
-.Nm Ifconfig
-must be used at boot time to define the network address
-of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
-a later time to redefine an interface's address
-or other operating parameters.
.Pp
The following options are available:
.Bl -tag -width indent
slash notation) to include the netmask.
That is, one can specify an address like
.Li 192.168.0.1/16 .
+.Pp
+For the
+.Dq inet6
+family, it is also possible to specify the prefix length using the slash
+notation, like
+.Li ::1/128 .
+See the
+.Cm prefixlen
+parameter below for more information.
.\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
.\" addresses are
.\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
.\" However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
.\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
.\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
+.Pp
+The link-level
+.Pq Dq link
+address
+is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
+This can be used to
+e.g.\& set a new MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the
+mechanism used is not ethernet-specific.
+If the interface is already
+up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
+then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
+filter in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
.It Ar address_family
Specify the
address family
supported are
.Dq inet ,
.Dq inet6 ,
+.\".Dq atalk ,
+.\".Dq ipx ,
+.\" .Dq iso ,
+and
+.Dq link .
.\" and
.\" .Dq ns .
+The default is
+.Dq inet .
+.Dq ether
+and
+.Dq lladdr
+are synonyms for
+.Dq link .
.It Ar dest_address
Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
of a point to point link.
.Dq name unit ,
for example,
.Dq Li en0 .
-.El
+\.El
.Pp
The following parameters may be set with
.Nm :
This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
-for this interface, a netmask of
+for this interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given.
+Usually
.Li 0xffffffff
-has to be specified.
+is most appropriate.
.It Fl alias
Remove the network address specified.
This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
the system will not attempt to
transmit messages through that interface.
If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
-This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
.It Cm ether
Another name for the
.Cm lladdr
.Ar type .
Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
different physical media connectors.
-For example, a 10Mb/s Ethernet
+For example, a 10Mbit/s Ethernet
interface might support the use of either
.Tn AUI
or twisted pair connectors.
Setting the media type to
-.Dq 10base5/AUI
+.Cm 10base5/AUI
would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
Setting it to
-.Dq 10baseT/UTP
+.Cm 10baseT/UTP
would activate twisted pair.
Refer to the interfaces' driver
specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
specified media options on the interface.
-.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
-(IP tunnel devices only.)
-Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
-interfaces
-.Pq Xr gif 4 .
-The arguments
-.Ar src_addr
+.It Cm rxcsum , txcsum
+If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
+enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
+Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags independently
+of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
+The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
+support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
+.It Fl rxcsum , txcsum
+If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
+disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
+These settings may not always be independent of each other.
+.It Cm tso
+If the driver supports
+.Xr tcp 4
+segmentation offloading, enable TSO on the interface.
+Some drivers may not be able to support TSO for
+.Xr ip 4
and
-.Ar dest_addr
-are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
-IPv4/IPv6 header.
-.It Cm deletetunnel
-Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
-interfaces previously configured with
-.Cm tunnel .
+.Xr ip6 4
+packets, so they may enable only one of them.
+.It Fl tso
+If the driver supports
+.Xr tcp 4
+segmentation offloading, disable TSO on the interface.
+It will always disable TSO for
+.Xr ip 4
+and
+.Xr ip6 4 .
+.It Cm lro
+If the driver supports
+.Xr tcp 4
+large receive offloading, enable LRO on the interface.
+.It Fl lro
+If the driver supports
+.Xr tcp 4
+large receive offloading, disable LRO on the interface.
+.It Cm av
+If supported by the driver, enable 802.1 AVB on the interface.
+.It Fl av
+If supported by the driver, disable 802.1 AVB on the interface.
+.It Cm vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
+If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
+reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
+respectively.
+Note that this must be issued on a physical interface associated with
+.Xr vlan 4 ,
+not on a
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface itself.
+.It Fl vlanmtu , vlanhwtag
+If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
+reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
+respectively.
.It Cm create
Create the specified network pseudo-device.
If the interface is given without a unit number, try to create a new
device with an arbitrary unit number.
If creation of an arbitrary device is successful, the new device name is
-printed to standard output.
+printed to standard output unless the interface is renamed or destroyed
+in the same
+.Nm
+invocation.
.It Cm destroy
Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
.It Cm plumb
Included for
.Tn Solaris
compatibility.
-.It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
-If the interface is a vlan pseudo interface, set the vlan tag value
-to
-.Ar vlan_tag .
-This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
-vlan header for packets sent from the vlan interface.
-Note that
-.Cm vlan
-and
-.Cm vlandev
-must both be set at the same time.
-.It Cm vlandev Ar iface
-If the interface is a vlan pseudo device, associate physical interface
-.Ar iface
-with it.
-Packets transmitted through the vlan interface will be
-diverted to the specified physical interface
-.Ar iface
-with 802.1Q vlan encapsulation.
-Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
-by the parent interface with the correct vlan tag will be diverted to
-the associated vlan pseudo-interface.
-The vlan interface is assigned a
-copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
-The
-.Cm vlandev
-and
-.Cm vlan
-must both be set at the same time.
-If the vlan interface already has
-a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
-To
-change the association to another physical interface, the existing
-association must be cleared first.
-.Pp
-Note: if the hardware tagging capability
-is set on the vlan interface, the vlan pseudo
-interface's behavior changes:
-the vlan interface recognizes that the
-parent interface supports insertion and extraction of vlan tags on its
-own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
-the parent unaltered.
-.It Fl vlandev Ar iface
-If the driver is a vlan pseudo device, disassociate the physical interface
-.Ar iface
-from it.
-This breaks the link between the vlan interface and its parent,
-clears its vlan tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
.It Cm metric Ar n
Set the routing metric of the interface to
.Ar n ,
The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
.Pq Xr routed 8 .
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
-less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
+less favorable; metrics are counted as additional hops
to the destination network or host.
.It Cm mtu Ar n
Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
If the parameter is omitted, 64 is used.
+.Pp
+The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after the address.
+See the
+.Ar address
+option above for more information.
.\" see
.\" Xr eon 5 .
.\" .It Cm nsellength Ar n
the hardware will be re-initialized.
.El
.Pp
-.Nm Ifconfig
-displays the current configuration for a network interface
+The following parameters are for ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol.
+Note that the address family keyword
+.Dq Li inet6
+is needed for them:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm nud
+Perform network unreachability detection (NUD).
+.It Cm -nud
+Do not perform network unreachability detection (NUD).
+.It Cm ifdisabled
+Disable all IPv6 communication on the interface.
+.It Cm -ifdisabled
+Do not disable all IPv6 communication on the interface.
+.It Cm insecure
+Disable the processing of Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND).
+.It Cm -insecure
+Do not disabled the processing of Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND).
+.It Cm dad
+Perform duplicate address detection (DAD).
+.It Cm -dad
+Do not perform duplicate address detection (DAD).
+.It Cm replicated
+Modify duplicate address detection (DAD) protocol to expect that interface
+configuration is replicated at a network sleep proxy. Ignores certain NA
+messages and disables optimistic DAD.
+.It Cm -replicated
+Do not use modified duplicated address detection (DAD) protocol.
+.El
+.Pp
+The following parameters are specific to link aggregate interfaces:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm bonddev Ar iface
+If the interface is a bond pseudo device, associate physical interface
+.Ar iface
+with it. By default, the bond pseudo device is in LACP
+(Link Aggregation Control Protocol) mode (see \fBbondmode\fR below). In
+this mode, the device conforms to the IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation
+specification.
+.Pp
+If this is the first physical interface to be associated with the bond
+interface, the bond interface inherits the ethernet address from the
+physical interface. Physical interfaces that are added to the bond have
+their ethernet address re-programmed so that all members of the bond have
+the same ethernet address. If the physical interface is subsequently
+removed from the bond using
+.Fl bonddev ,
+a new ethernet address is chosen from the remaining interfaces, and all
+interfaces are re-programmed again with the new ethernet address. If no
+remaining interfaces exist, the bond interface's ethernet address is cleared.
+.Pp
+If the specified physical interface
+.Ar iface
+is not capable of having its ethernet address re-programmed, the
+.Cm bonddev
+command will fail.
+.Pp
+Once the physical interface
+.Ar iface
+is successfully associated with the bond interface, all received packets
+are diverted to the bond interface. The physical interface is no longer
+useable on its own, and remains that way until it is removed from the bond using
+.Fl bonddev .
+.Pp
+It is possible that the specified interface
+.Ar iface
+is not capable of aggregating, and may remain unused until the operating
+conditions change.
+.Pp
+The link status of the bond interface depends on the state of link aggregation.
+If no active partner is detected, the link status will remain inactive.
+.Pp
+To monitor the 802.3ad Link Aggregation state, use the
+.Fl b
+option.
+.Pp
+A physical interface that is associated with a vlan pseudo device cannot
+at the same time be associated with a bond pseudo device. A physical interface
+cannot be associated with more than one bond pseudo device at the same time.
+.Pp
+It is not possible to associate a bond with pseudo interfaces such as vlan.
+Only physical ethernet interfaces may be associated with a bond.
+.It Fl bonddev Ar iface
+If the interface is a bond pseudo device, disassociate the physical interface
+.Ar iface
+from it. Before the interface is removed from the bond, the bond device
+announces to the link partner that the interface is now individual and
+no longer aggregatable.
+If the physical
+.Ar iface
+is the last interface in the bond, the bond interface clears its link address.
+.It Cm bondmode Ar lacp | static
+If the interface is a bond pseudo device, this option will set the \fImode\fR
+on the bond interface. The two currently supported modes are
+.Ar lacp
+and
+.Ar static .
+The default mode is
+.Ar lacp .
+.Pp
+To enable static mode (and turn off LACP), specify
+.Ar static .
+In static mode, a member interface is made an active part of the
+link aggregate as long as the link status is active.
+.Pp
+To re-enable LACP mode, specify
+.Ar lacp .
+.El
+.Pp
+The following parameters are specific to IP tunnel interfaces,
+.Xr gif 4 :
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
+Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
+interfaces.
+The arguments
+.Ar src_addr
+and
+.Ar dest_addr
+are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
+IPv4/IPv6 header.
+.It Fl tunnel
+Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
+interfaces previously configured with
+.Cm tunnel .
+.It Cm deletetunnel
+Another name for the
+.Fl tunnel
+parameter.
+.El
+.Pp
+The following parameters are specific to bridge interfaces:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm addm Ar interface
+Add the interface named by
+.Ar interface
+as a member of the bridge.
+The interface is put into promiscuous mode
+so that it can receive every packet sent on the network.
+.It Cm deletem Ar interface
+Remove the interface named by
+.Ar interface
+from the bridge.
+Promiscuous mode is disabled on the interface when
+it is removed from the bridge.
+.It Cm maxaddr Ar size
+Set the size of the bridge address cache to
+.Ar size .
+The default is 100 entries.
+.It Cm timeout Ar seconds
+Set the timeout of address cache entries to
+.Ar seconds
+seconds.
+If
+.Ar seconds
+is zero, then address cache entries will not be expired.
+The default is 240 seconds.
+.It Cm addr
+Display the addresses that have been learned by the bridge.
+.It Cm static Ar interface-name Ar address
+Add a static entry into the address cache pointing to
+.Ar interface-name .
+Static entries are never aged out of the cache or re-placed, even if the
+address is seen on a different interface.
+.It Cm deladdr Ar address
+Delete
+.Ar address
+from the address cache.
+.It Cm flush
+Delete all dynamically-learned addresses from the address cache.
+.It Cm flushall
+Delete all addresses, including static addresses, from the address cache.
+.It Cm discover Ar interface
+Mark an interface as a
+.Dq discovering
+interface.
+When the bridge has no address cache entry
+(either dynamic or static)
+for the destination address of a packet,
+the bridge will forward the packet to all
+member interfaces marked as
+.Dq discovering .
+This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
+.It Cm -discover Ar interface
+Clear the
+.Dq discovering
+attribute on a member interface.
+For packets without the
+.Dq discovering
+attribute, the only packets forwarded on the interface are broadcast
+or multicast packets and packets for which the destination address
+is known to be on the interface's segment.
+.It Cm learn Ar interface
+Mark an interface as a
+.Dq learning
+interface.
+When a packet arrives on such an interface, the source
+address of the packet is entered into the address cache as being a
+destination address on the interface's segment.
+This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
+.It Cm -learn Ar interface
+Clear the
+.Dq learning
+attribute on a member interface.
+.\".It Cm sticky Ar interface
+.\"Mark an interface as a
+.\".Dq sticky
+.\"interface.
+.\"Dynamically learned address entries are treated at static once entered into
+.\"the cache.
+.\"Sticky entries are never aged out of the cache or replaced, even if the
+.\"address is seen on a different interface.
+.\".It Cm -sticky Ar interface
+.\"Clear the
+.\".Dq sticky
+.\"attribute on a member interface.
+.\".It Cm private Ar interface
+.\"Mark an interface as a
+.\".Dq private
+.\"interface.
+.\"A private interface does not forward any traffic to any other port that is also
+.\"a private interface.
+.\".It Cm -private Ar interface
+.\"Clear the
+.\".Dq private
+.\"attribute on a member interface.
+.\".It Cm span Ar interface
+.\"Add the interface named by
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"as a span port on the bridge.
+.\"Span ports transmit a copy of every frame received by the bridge.
+.\"This is most useful for snooping a bridged network passively on
+.\"another host connected to one of the span ports of the bridge.
+.\".It Cm -span Ar interface
+.\"Delete the interface named by
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"from the list of span ports of the bridge.
+.It Cm stp Ar interface
+Enable Spanning Tree protocol on
+.Ar interface .
+The
+.Xr if_bridge 4
+driver has support for the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree protocol (STP).
+Spanning Tree is used to detect and remove loops in a network topology.
+.It Cm -stp Ar interface
+Disable Spanning Tree protocol on
+.Ar interface .
+This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
+.\".It Cm edge Ar interface
+.\"Set
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"as an edge port.
+.\"An edge port connects directly to end stations cannot create bridging
+.\"loops in the network, this allows it to transition straight to forwarding.
+.\".It Cm -edge Ar interface
+.\"Disable edge status on
+.\".Ar interface .
+.\".It Cm autoedge Ar interface
+.\"Allow
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"to automatically detect edge status.
+.\"This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
+.\".It Cm -autoedge Ar interface
+.\"Disable automatic edge status on
+.\".Ar interface .
+.\".It Cm ptp Ar interface
+.\"Set the
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"as a point to point link.
+.\"This is required for straight transitions to forwarding and
+.\"should be enabled on a direct link to another RSTP capable switch.
+.\".It Cm -ptp Ar interface
+.\"Disable point to point link status on
+.\".Ar interface .
+.\"This should be disabled for a half duplex link and for an interface
+.\"connected to a shared network segment,
+.\"like a hub or a wireless network.
+.\".It Cm autoptp Ar interface
+.\"Automatically detect the point to point status on
+.\".Ar interface
+.\"by checking the full duplex link status.
+.\"This is the default for interfaces added to the bridge.
+.\".It Cm -autoptp Ar interface
+.\"Disable automatic point to point link detection on
+.\".Ar interface .
+.It Cm maxage Ar seconds
+Set the time that a Spanning Tree protocol configuration is valid.
+The default is 20 seconds.
+The minimum is 6 seconds and the maximum is 40 seconds.
+.It Cm fwddelay Ar seconds
+Set the time that must pass before an interface begins forwarding
+packets when Spanning Tree is enabled.
+The default is 15 seconds.
+The minimum is 4 seconds and the maximum is 30 seconds.
+.It Cm hellotime Ar seconds
+Set the time between broadcasting of Spanning Tree protocol
+configuration messages.
+The hello time may only be changed when operating in legacy stp mode.
+The default is 2 seconds.
+The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 2 seconds.
+.It Cm priority Ar value
+Set the bridge priority for Spanning Tree.
+The default is 32768.
+The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 61440.
+.\".It Cm proto Ar value
+.\"Set the Spanning Tree protocol.
+.\"The default is rstp.
+.\"The available options are stp and rstp.
+.\".It Cm holdcnt Ar value
+.\"Set the transmit hold count for Spanning Tree.
+.\"This is the number of packets transmitted before being rate limited.
+.\"The default is 6.
+.\"The minimum is 1 and the maximum is 10.
+.It Cm ifpriority Ar interface Ar value
+Set the Spanning Tree priority of
+.Ar interface
+to
+.Ar value .
+The default is 128.
+The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 240.
+.It Cm ifpathcost Ar interface Ar value
+Set the Spanning Tree path cost of
+.Ar interface
+to
+.Ar value .
+The default is calculated from the link speed.
+To change a previously selected path cost back to automatic, set the
+cost to 0.
+The minimum is 1 and the maximum is 200000000.
+.It Cm ifmaxaddr Ar interface Ar size
+Set the maximum number of hosts allowed from an interface, packets with unknown
+source addresses are dropped until an existing host cache entry expires or is
+removed.
+Set to 0 to disable.
+.It Cm hostfilter Ar interface Ar address
+Configure the bridge to accept incoming packet on the interface
+only if they match the given MAC address and IP address
+-- use the command twice to set both type of addresses.
+Other filtering restrictions apply.
+.It Cm -hostfilter Ar interface
+Allow traffic from any host on that interface.
+.El
+.Pp
+The following parameters are specific to vlan interfaces:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
+Set the VLAN tag value to
+.Ar vlan_tag .
+This value is a 16-bit number which is used to create an 802.1Q
+VLAN header for packets sent from the
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface.
+Note that
+.Cm vlan
+and
+.Cm vlandev
+must both be set at the same time.
+.It Cm vlandev Ar iface
+Associate the physical interface
+.Ar iface
+with a
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface.
+Packets transmitted through the
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface will be
+diverted to the specified physical interface
+.Ar iface
+with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation.
+Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
+by the parent interface with the correct VLAN tag will be diverted to
+the associated
+.Xr vlan 4
+pseudo-interface.
+The
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface is assigned a
+copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's ethernet address.
+The
+.Cm vlandev
+and
+.Cm vlan
+must both be set at the same time.
+If the
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface already has
+a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
+To
+change the association to another physical interface, the existing
+association must be cleared first.
+.Pp
+Note: if the hardware tagging capability
+is set on the parent interface, the
+.Xr vlan 4
+pseudo
+interface's behavior changes:
+the
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface recognizes that the
+parent interface supports insertion and extraction of VLAN tags on its
+own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
+the parent unaltered.
+.It Fl vlandev Op Ar iface
+If the driver is a
+.Xr vlan 4
+pseudo device, disassociate the parent interface from it.
+This breaks the link between the
+.Xr vlan 4
+interface and its parent,
+clears its VLAN tag, flags and its link address and shuts the interface down.
+The
+.Ar iface
+argument is useless and hence deprecated.
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+utility displays the current configuration for a network interface
when no optional parameters are supplied.
If a protocol family is specified,
.Nm
will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
.Pp
-If the driver does supports the media selection system, the supported
-media list will be included in the output.
-.Pp
If the
.Fl m
flag is passed before an interface name,
.Nm
-will display all
+will display the capability list and all
of the supported media for the specified interface.
+.Pp
If
.Fl L
flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
.Fl u
(only list interfaces that are up).
.Pp
+The
+.Fl v
+flag may be used to get more verbose status for an interface.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl C
+flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
+the system, with no additional information.
+Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl r
+flag may be used to show additional information related to the count of route references on the network interface.
+.Pp
+For bridge interfaces, the list of addresses learned by the bridge is not shown when displaying information about
+all interfaces except when the
+.Fl v
+flag is used.
+.Pp
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
.Sh NOTES
The media selection system is relatively new and only some drivers support
it (or have need for it).
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+Assign the IPv4 address
+.Li 192.0.2.10 ,
+with a network mask of
+.Li 255.255.255.0 ,
+to the interface
+.Li en0 :
+.Dl # ifconfig en0 inet 192.0.2.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
+.Pp
+Add the IPv4 address
+.Li 192.0.2.45 ,
+with the CIDR network prefix
+.Li /28 ,
+to the interface
+.Li en0 ,
+using
+.Cm add
+as a synonym for the canonical form of the option
+.Cm alias :
+.Dl # ifconfig en0 inet 192.0.2.45/28 add
+.Pp
+Remove the IPv4 address
+.Li 192.0.2.45
+from the interface
+.Li en0 :
+.Dl # ifconfig en0 inet 192.0.2.45 -alias
+.Pp
+Add the IPv6 address
+.Li 2001:DB8:DBDB::123/48
+to the interface
+.Li en0 :
+.Dl # ifconfig en0 inet6 2001:db8:bdbd::123 prefixlen 48 alias
+Note that lower case hexadecimal IPv6 addresses are acceptable.
+.Pp
+Remove the IPv6 address added in the above example,
+using the
+.Li /
+character as shorthand for the network prefix,
+and using
+.Cm delete
+as a synonym for the canonical form of the option
+.Fl alias :
+.Dl # ifconfig en0 inet6 2001:db8:bdbd::123/48 delete
+.Pp
+Configure the interface
+.Li en1 ,
+to use 100baseTX, full duplex Ethernet media options:
+.Dl # ifconfig en1 media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex
+.Pp
+Create the software network interface
+.Li gif1 :
+.Dl # ifconfig gif1 create
+.Pp
+Destroy the software network interface
+.Li gif1 :
+.Dl # ifconfig gif1 destroy
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
-.Sh BUGS
-IPv6 link-local addresses are required for several basic communication
-between IPv6 node.
-If they are deleted by
-.Nm
-manually, the kernel might show very strange behavior.
-So, such manual deletions are strongly discouraged.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr netstat 1 ,
.Xr netintro 4 ,
-.\" .Xr eon 5 ,
-.Xr rc 8 ,
-.Xr routed 8
+.Xr sysctl 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
-command appeared in
+utility appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .
+.Sh BUGS
+Basic IPv6 node operation requires a link-local address on each
+interface configured for IPv6.
+Normally, such an address is automatically configured by the
+kernel on each interface added to the system; this behaviour may
+be disabled by setting the sysctl MIB variable
+.Va net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal
+to 0.
+.Pp
+If you delete such an address using
+.Nm ,
+the kernel may act very odd.
+Do this at your own risk.
projects / apple / network_cmds.git / blobdiff