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1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 2008 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
3 *
4 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
5 *
6 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
7 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
8 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
9 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
10 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
11 * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to
12 * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any
13 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
14 *
15 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
16 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
17 *
18 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
19 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
20 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
21 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
22 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
23 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
24 * limitations under the License.
25 *
26 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
27 */
28 /*
29 * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
30 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
31 *
32 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
33 * Mike Muuss.
34 *
35 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
36 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
37 * are met:
38 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
39 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
40 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
41 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
42 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
43 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
44 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
45 * without specific prior written permission.
46 *
47 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
48 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
49 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
50 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
51 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
52 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
53 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
54 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
55 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
56 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
57 * SUCH DAMAGE.
58 */
59
60 #if 0
61 #ifndef lint
62 static const char copyright[] =
63 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\
64 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
65 #endif /* not lint */
66
67 #ifndef lint
68 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93";
69 #endif /* not lint */
70 #endif
71 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
72 #ifndef __APPLE__
73 __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/sbin/ping/ping.c,v 1.112 2007/07/01 12:08:06 gnn Exp $");
74 #endif
75
76 /*
77 * P I N G . C
78 *
79 * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
80 * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
81 *
82 * Author -
83 * Mike Muuss
84 * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
85 * December, 1983
86 *
87 * Status -
88 * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited.
89 * Bugs -
90 * More statistics could always be gathered.
91 * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
92 */
93
94 #include <sys/param.h> /* NB: we rely on this for <sys/types.h> */
95 #include <sys/socket.h>
96 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
97 #include <sys/time.h>
98 #include <sys/uio.h>
99
100 #include <netinet/in.h>
101 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
102 #include <netinet/ip.h>
103 #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h>
104 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
105 #include <arpa/inet.h>
106 #include <net/if.h>
107
108 #ifdef IPSEC
109 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
110 #endif /*IPSEC*/
111
112 #include <ctype.h>
113 #include <err.h>
114 #include <errno.h>
115 #include <math.h>
116 #include <netdb.h>
117 #include <signal.h>
118 #include <stdio.h>
119 #include <stdlib.h>
120 #include <string.h>
121 #include <sysexits.h>
122 #include <unistd.h>
123
124 #define INADDR_LEN ((int)sizeof(in_addr_t))
125 #define TIMEVAL_LEN ((int)sizeof(struct tv32))
126 #define MASK_LEN (ICMP_MASKLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
127 #define TS_LEN (ICMP_TSLEN - ICMP_MINLEN)
128 #define DEFDATALEN 56 /* default data length */
129 #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */
130 /* runs out of buffer space */
131 #define MAXIPLEN (sizeof(struct ip) + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
132 #define MAXICMPLEN (ICMP_ADVLENMIN + MAX_IPOPTLEN)
133 #define MAXWAIT 10000 /* max ms to wait for response */
134 #define MAXALARM (60 * 60) /* max seconds for alarm timeout */
135 #define MAXTOS 255
136
137 #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */
138 #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */
139 #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit))
140 #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
141 #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit))
142
143 struct tv32 {
144 u_int32_t tv32_sec;
145 u_int32_t tv32_usec;
146 };
147
148 /* various options */
149 int options;
150 #define F_FLOOD 0x0001
151 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002
152 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004
153 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008
154 #define F_QUIET 0x0010
155 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020
156 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040
157 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080
158 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100
159 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200
160 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400
161 #define F_MTTL 0x0800
162 #define F_MIF 0x1000
163 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000
164 #ifdef IPSEC
165 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
166 #define F_POLICY 0x4000
167 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
168 #endif /*IPSEC*/
169 #define F_TTL 0x8000
170 #define F_MISSED 0x10000
171 #define F_ONCE 0x20000
172 #define F_HDRINCL 0x40000
173 #define F_MASK 0x80000
174 #define F_TIME 0x100000
175 #define F_SWEEP 0x200000
176 #define F_WAITTIME 0x400000
177
178 /*
179 * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
180 * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128
181 * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
182 */
183 #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128)
184 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
185 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
186
187 struct sockaddr_in whereto; /* who to ping */
188 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
189 int maxpayload;
190 int s; /* socket file descriptor */
191 u_char outpackhdr[IP_MAXPACKET], *outpack;
192 char BBELL = '\a'; /* characters written for MISSED and AUDIBLE */
193 char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */
194 char DOT = '.';
195 char *hostname;
196 char *shostname;
197 int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */
198 int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */
199 u_char icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
200 u_char icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_ECHOREPLY;
201 int phdr_len = 0;
202 int send_len;
203 char *boundif;
204 unsigned int ifscope;
205 #if defined(IP_FORCE_OUT_IFP) && TARGET_OS_EMBEDDED
206 char boundifname[IFNAMSIZ];
207 #endif /* IP_FORCE_OUT_IFP */
208 int how_traffic_class = 0;
209 int traffic_class = -1;
210
211 /* counters */
212 long nmissedmax; /* max value of ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 */
213 long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */
214 long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */
215 long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */
216 long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
217 long snpackets; /* max packets to transmit in one sweep */
218 long snreceived; /* # of packets we got back in this sweep */
219 long sntransmitted; /* # of packets we sent in this sweep */
220 int sweepmax; /* max value of payload in sweep */
221 int sweepmin = 0; /* start value of payload in sweep */
222 int sweepincr = 1; /* payload increment in sweep */
223 int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */
224 int waittime = MAXWAIT; /* timeout for each packet */
225 long nrcvtimeout = 0; /* # of packets we got back after waittime */
226
227 /* timing */
228 int timing; /* flag to do timing */
229 double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */
230 double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */
231 double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */
232 double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
233
234 volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up; /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */
235 volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p;
236
237 static void fill(char *, char *);
238 static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
239 static void check_status(void);
240 static void finish(void) __dead2;
241 static void pinger(void);
242 static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr);
243 static char *pr_ntime(n_time);
244 static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *);
245 static void pr_iph(struct ip *);
246 static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *);
247 static void pr_retip(struct ip *);
248 static void status(int);
249 static void stopit(int);
250 static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
251 static void usage(void) __dead2;
252
253 int
254 main(argc, argv)
255 int argc;
256 char *const *argv;
257 {
258 struct sockaddr_in from, sock_in;
259 struct in_addr ifaddr;
260 struct timeval last, intvl;
261 struct iovec iov;
262 struct ip *ip;
263 struct msghdr msg;
264 struct sigaction si_sa;
265 size_t sz;
266 u_char *datap, packet[IP_MAXPACKET];
267 char *ep, *source, *target, *payload;
268 struct hostent *hp;
269 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
270 char *policy_in, *policy_out;
271 #endif
272 struct sockaddr_in *to;
273 double t;
274 u_long alarmtimeout, ultmp;
275 int almost_done, ch, df, hold, i, icmp_len, mib[4], preload, sockerrno,
276 tos, ttl;
277 char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))];
278 char hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
279 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
280 char rspace[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; /* record route space */
281 #endif
282 unsigned char loop, mttl;
283
284 payload = source = NULL;
285 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
286 policy_in = policy_out = NULL;
287 #endif
288
289 /*
290 * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and
291 * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for
292 * after arg parsing.
293 */
294 if (getuid())
295 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_ICMP);
296 else
297 s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
298 sockerrno = errno;
299
300 setuid(getuid());
301 uid = getuid();
302
303 alarmtimeout = df = preload = tos = 0;
304
305 outpack = outpackhdr + sizeof(struct ip);
306 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
307 "Aab:c:DdfG:g:h:I:i:k:Ll:M:m:nop:QqRrS:s:T:t:vW:z:"
308 #ifdef IPSEC
309 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
310 "P:"
311 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
312 #endif /*IPSEC*/
313 #if defined(IP_FORCE_OUT_IFP) && TARGET_OS_EMBEDDED
314 "B:"
315 #endif /* IP_FORCE_OUT_IFP */
316 )) != -1)
317 {
318 switch(ch) {
319 case 'A':
320 options |= F_MISSED;
321 break;
322 case 'a':
323 options |= F_AUDIBLE;
324 break;
325 #if defined(IP_FORCE_OUT_IFP) && TARGET_OS_EMBEDDED
326 case 'B':
327 (void) snprintf(boundifname, sizeof (boundifname),
328 "%s", optarg);
329 break;
330 #endif /* IP_FORCE_OUT_IFP */
331 case 'b':
332 boundif = optarg;
333 break;
334 case 'c':
335 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
336 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp)
337 errx(EX_USAGE,
338 "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'",
339 optarg);
340 npackets = ultmp;
341 break;
342 case 'D':
343 options |= F_HDRINCL;
344 df = 1;
345 break;
346 case 'd':
347 options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
348 break;
349 case 'f':
350 if (uid) {
351 errno = EPERM;
352 err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag");
353 }
354 options |= F_FLOOD;
355 setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL);
356 break;
357 case 'G': /* Maximum packet size for ping sweep */
358 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
359 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
360 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
361 optarg);
362 #ifndef __APPLE__
363 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
364 errno = EPERM;
365 err(EX_NOPERM,
366 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
367 ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
368 }
369 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
370 options |= F_SWEEP;
371 sweepmax = ultmp;
372 break;
373 case 'g': /* Minimum packet size for ping sweep */
374 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
375 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
376 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
377 optarg);
378 #ifndef __APPLE__
379 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
380 errno = EPERM;
381 err(EX_NOPERM,
382 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
383 ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
384 }
385 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
386 options |= F_SWEEP;
387 sweepmin = ultmp;
388 break;
389 case 'h': /* Packet size increment for ping sweep */
390 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
391 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp < 1)
392 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid increment size: `%s'",
393 optarg);
394 #ifndef __APPLE__
395 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
396 errno = EPERM;
397 err(EX_NOPERM,
398 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
399 ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
400 }
401 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
402 options |= F_SWEEP;
403 sweepincr = ultmp;
404 break;
405 case 'I': /* multicast interface */
406 if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0)
407 errx(EX_USAGE,
408 "invalid multicast interface: `%s'",
409 optarg);
410 options |= F_MIF;
411 break;
412 case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */
413 t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0;
414 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
415 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
416 optarg);
417 options |= F_INTERVAL;
418 interval = (int)t;
419 if (uid && interval < 1000) {
420 errno = EPERM;
421 err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short");
422 }
423 break;
424 case 'k':
425 how_traffic_class++;
426 traffic_class = atoi(optarg);
427 break;
428 case 'L':
429 options |= F_NOLOOP;
430 loop = 0;
431 break;
432 case 'l':
433 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
434 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX)
435 errx(EX_USAGE,
436 "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg);
437 if (uid) {
438 errno = EPERM;
439 err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag");
440 }
441 preload = ultmp;
442 break;
443 case 'M':
444 switch(optarg[0]) {
445 case 'M':
446 case 'm':
447 options |= F_MASK;
448 break;
449 case 'T':
450 case 't':
451 options |= F_TIME;
452 break;
453 default:
454 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid message: `%c'", optarg[0]);
455 break;
456 }
457 break;
458 case 'm': /* TTL */
459 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
460 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
461 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TTL: `%s'", optarg);
462 ttl = ultmp;
463 options |= F_TTL;
464 break;
465 case 'n':
466 options |= F_NUMERIC;
467 break;
468 case 'o':
469 options |= F_ONCE;
470 break;
471 #ifdef IPSEC
472 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
473 case 'P':
474 options |= F_POLICY;
475 if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2))
476 policy_in = strdup(optarg);
477 else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3))
478 policy_out = strdup(optarg);
479 else
480 errx(1, "invalid security policy");
481 break;
482 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
483 #endif /*IPSEC*/
484 case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */
485 options |= F_PINGFILLED;
486 payload = optarg;
487 break;
488 case 'Q':
489 options |= F_QUIET2;
490 break;
491 case 'q':
492 options |= F_QUIET;
493 break;
494 case 'R':
495 options |= F_RROUTE;
496 break;
497 case 'r':
498 options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE;
499 break;
500 case 'S':
501 source = optarg;
502 break;
503 case 's': /* size of packet to send */
504 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
505 if (*ep || ep == optarg)
506 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'",
507 optarg);
508 #ifndef __APPLE__
509 if (uid != 0 && ultmp > DEFDATALEN) {
510 errno = EPERM;
511 err(EX_NOPERM,
512 "packet size too large: %lu > %u",
513 ultmp, DEFDATALEN);
514 }
515 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
516 datalen = ultmp;
517 break;
518 case 'T': /* multicast TTL */
519 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
520 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTTL)
521 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'",
522 optarg);
523 mttl = ultmp;
524 options |= F_MTTL;
525 break;
526 case 't':
527 alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
528 if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX))
529 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'",
530 optarg);
531 if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM)
532 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d",
533 optarg, MAXALARM);
534 alarm((unsigned int)alarmtimeout);
535 break;
536 case 'v':
537 options |= F_VERBOSE;
538 break;
539 case 'W': /* wait ms for answer */
540 t = strtod(optarg, &ep);
541 if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX)
542 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'",
543 optarg);
544 options |= F_WAITTIME;
545 waittime = (int)t;
546 break;
547 case 'z':
548 options |= F_HDRINCL;
549 ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0);
550 if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > MAXTOS)
551 errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid TOS: `%s'", optarg);
552 tos = ultmp;
553 break;
554 default:
555 usage();
556 }
557 }
558
559 if (boundif != NULL && (ifscope = if_nametoindex(boundif)) == 0)
560 errx(1, "bad interface name");
561
562 if (argc - optind != 1)
563 usage();
564 target = argv[optind];
565
566 switch (options & (F_MASK|F_TIME)) {
567 case 0: break;
568 case F_MASK:
569 icmp_type = ICMP_MASKREQ;
570 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_MASKREPLY;
571 phdr_len = MASK_LEN;
572 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
573 (void)printf("ICMP_MASKREQ\n");
574 break;
575 case F_TIME:
576 icmp_type = ICMP_TSTAMP;
577 icmp_type_rsp = ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY;
578 phdr_len = TS_LEN;
579 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
580 (void)printf("ICMP_TSTAMP\n");
581 break;
582 default:
583 errx(EX_USAGE, "ICMP_TSTAMP and ICMP_MASKREQ are exclusive.");
584 break;
585 }
586 icmp_len = sizeof(struct ip) + ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
587 if (options & F_RROUTE)
588 icmp_len += MAX_IPOPTLEN;
589 maxpayload = IP_MAXPACKET - icmp_len;
590 if (datalen > maxpayload)
591 errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %d > %d", datalen,
592 maxpayload);
593 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
594 datap = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + TIMEVAL_LEN];
595 if (options & F_PINGFILLED) {
596 fill((char *)datap, payload);
597 }
598 if (source) {
599 bzero((char *)&sock_in, sizeof(sock_in));
600 sock_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
601 if (inet_aton(source, &sock_in.sin_addr) != 0) {
602 shostname = source;
603 } else {
604 hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET);
605 if (!hp)
606 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
607 source, hstrerror(h_errno));
608
609 sock_in.sin_len = sizeof sock_in;
610 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr) ||
611 hp->h_length < 0)
612 errx(1, "gethostbyname2: illegal address");
613 memcpy(&sock_in.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0],
614 sizeof(sock_in.sin_addr));
615 (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name,
616 sizeof(snamebuf) - 1);
617 snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
618 shostname = snamebuf;
619 }
620 if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sock_in, sizeof sock_in) == -1)
621 err(1, "bind");
622 }
623
624 bzero(&whereto, sizeof(whereto));
625 to = &whereto;
626 to->sin_family = AF_INET;
627 to->sin_len = sizeof *to;
628 if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) {
629 hostname = target;
630 } else {
631 hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET);
632 if (!hp)
633 errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s",
634 target, hstrerror(h_errno));
635
636 if ((unsigned)hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr))
637 errx(1, "gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address");
638 memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr);
639 (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1);
640 hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0';
641 hostname = hnamebuf;
642 }
643
644 if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL)
645 errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options");
646
647 if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
648 errx(EX_USAGE,
649 "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination");
650 if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL)
651 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr)))
652 errx(EX_USAGE,
653 "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination");
654
655 if (datalen >= TIMEVAL_LEN) /* can we time transfer */
656 timing = 1;
657
658 if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
659 for (i = TIMEVAL_LEN; i < datalen; ++i)
660 *datap++ = i;
661
662 ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
663
664 if (s < 0) {
665 errno = sockerrno;
666 err(EX_OSERR, "socket");
667 }
668 hold = 1;
669 if (ifscope != 0) {
670 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_BOUND_IF,
671 (char *)&ifscope, sizeof (ifscope)) != 0)
672 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt(IP_BOUND_IF)");
673 }
674 #if defined(IP_FORCE_OUT_IFP) && TARGET_OS_EMBEDDED
675 else if (boundifname[0] != 0) {
676 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_FORCE_OUT_IFP, boundifname,
677 sizeof (boundifname)) != 0)
678 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt(IP_FORCE_OUT_IFP)");
679 }
680 #endif /* IP_FORCE_OUT_IFP */
681 if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
682 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
683 sizeof(hold));
684 if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE)
685 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold,
686 sizeof(hold));
687 if (how_traffic_class == 1) {
688 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TRAFFIC_CLASS, (void *)&traffic_class,
689 sizeof(traffic_class));
690 }
691 #ifdef IPSEC
692 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
693 if (options & F_POLICY) {
694 char *buf;
695 if (policy_in != NULL) {
696 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in));
697 if (buf == NULL)
698 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
699 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
700 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
701 err(EX_CONFIG,
702 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
703 free(buf);
704 }
705
706 if (policy_out != NULL) {
707 buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out));
708 if (buf == NULL)
709 errx(EX_CONFIG, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
710 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY,
711 buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
712 err(EX_CONFIG,
713 "ipsec policy cannot be configured");
714 free(buf);
715 }
716 }
717 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
718 #endif /*IPSEC*/
719
720 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
721 ip = (struct ip*)outpackhdr;
722 if (!(options & (F_TTL | F_MTTL))) {
723 mib[0] = CTL_NET;
724 mib[1] = PF_INET;
725 mib[2] = IPPROTO_IP;
726 mib[3] = IPCTL_DEFTTL;
727 sz = sizeof(ttl);
728 if (sysctl(mib, 4, &ttl, &sz, NULL, 0) == -1)
729 err(1, "sysctl(net.inet.ip.ttl)");
730 }
731 setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, &hold, sizeof(hold));
732 ip->ip_v = IPVERSION;
733 ip->ip_hl = sizeof(struct ip) >> 2;
734 ip->ip_tos = tos;
735 ip->ip_id = 0;
736 ip->ip_off = df ? IP_DF : 0;
737 ip->ip_ttl = ttl;
738 ip->ip_p = IPPROTO_ICMP;
739 ip->ip_src.s_addr = source ? sock_in.sin_addr.s_addr : INADDR_ANY;
740 ip->ip_dst = to->sin_addr;
741 }
742 /* record route option */
743 if (options & F_RROUTE) {
744 #ifdef IP_OPTIONS
745 bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace));
746 rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR;
747 rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1;
748 rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF;
749 rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL;
750 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace,
751 sizeof(rspace)) < 0)
752 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS");
753 #else
754 errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE,
755 "record route not available in this implementation");
756 #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */
757 }
758
759 if (options & F_TTL) {
760 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &ttl,
761 sizeof(ttl)) < 0) {
762 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_TTL");
763 }
764 }
765 if (options & F_NOLOOP) {
766 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop,
767 sizeof(loop)) < 0) {
768 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP");
769 }
770 }
771 if (options & F_MTTL) {
772 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &mttl,
773 sizeof(mttl)) < 0) {
774 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL");
775 }
776 }
777 if (options & F_MIF) {
778 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr,
779 sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) {
780 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF");
781 }
782 }
783 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
784 { int on = 1;
785 if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0)
786 err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP");
787 }
788 #endif
789 if (sweepmax) {
790 if (sweepmin >= sweepmax)
791 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum packet size must be greater than the minimum packet size");
792
793 if (datalen != DEFDATALEN)
794 errx(EX_USAGE, "Packet size and ping sweep are mutually exclusive");
795
796 if (npackets > 0) {
797 snpackets = npackets;
798 npackets = 0;
799 } else
800 snpackets = 1;
801 datalen = sweepmin;
802 send_len = icmp_len + sweepmin;
803 }
804 if (options & F_SWEEP && !sweepmax)
805 errx(EX_USAGE, "Maximum sweep size must be specified");
806
807 /*
808 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers.
809 * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the
810 * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for
811 * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast
812 * or multicast pings if they wish.
813 */
814
815 /*
816 * XXX receive buffer needs undetermined space for mbuf overhead
817 * as well.
818 */
819 hold = IP_MAXPACKET + 128;
820 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
821 sizeof(hold));
822 if (uid == 0)
823 (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&hold,
824 sizeof(hold));
825
826 if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) {
827 (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname,
828 inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr));
829 if (source)
830 (void)printf(" from %s", shostname);
831 if (sweepmax)
832 (void)printf(": (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
833 sweepmin, sweepmax);
834 else
835 (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen);
836
837 } else {
838 if (sweepmax)
839 (void)printf("PING %s: (%d ... %d) data bytes\n",
840 hostname, sweepmin, sweepmax);
841 else
842 (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen);
843 }
844
845 /*
846 * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics,
847 * in particular with SA_RESTART not set.
848 */
849
850 sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask);
851 si_sa.sa_flags = 0;
852
853 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
854 if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
855 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT");
856 }
857
858 si_sa.sa_handler = status;
859 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) {
860 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction");
861 }
862
863 if (alarmtimeout > 0) {
864 si_sa.sa_handler = stopit;
865 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1)
866 err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM");
867 }
868
869 bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg));
870 msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
871 msg.msg_iov = &iov;
872 msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
873 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
874 msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl;
875 #endif
876 iov.iov_base = packet;
877 iov.iov_len = IP_MAXPACKET;
878
879 if (preload == 0)
880 pinger(); /* send the first ping */
881 else {
882 if (npackets != 0 && preload > npackets)
883 preload = npackets;
884 while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */
885 pinger();
886 }
887 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
888
889 if (options & F_FLOOD) {
890 intvl.tv_sec = 0;
891 intvl.tv_usec = 10000;
892 } else {
893 intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000;
894 intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000;
895 }
896
897 almost_done = 0;
898 while (!finish_up) {
899 struct timeval now, timeout;
900 fd_set rfds;
901 int cc, n;
902
903 check_status();
904 if ((unsigned)s >= FD_SETSIZE)
905 errx(EX_OSERR, "descriptor too large");
906 FD_ZERO(&rfds);
907 FD_SET(s, &rfds);
908 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
909 timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec;
910 timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec;
911 while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) {
912 timeout.tv_usec += 1000000;
913 timeout.tv_sec--;
914 }
915 while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) {
916 timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000;
917 timeout.tv_sec++;
918 }
919 if (timeout.tv_sec < 0)
920 timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0;
921 n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
922 if (n < 0)
923 continue; /* Must be EINTR. */
924 if (n == 1) {
925 struct timeval *tv = NULL;
926 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
927 struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl;
928
929 msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl);
930 #endif
931 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
932 if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) {
933 if (errno == EINTR)
934 continue;
935 warn("recvmsg");
936 continue;
937 }
938 #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP
939 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
940 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP &&
941 cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *tv)) {
942 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
943 memcpy(&now, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(now));
944 tv = &now;
945 }
946 #endif
947 if (tv == NULL) {
948 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
949 tv = &now;
950 }
951 pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, tv);
952 if ((options & F_ONCE && nreceived) ||
953 (npackets && nreceived >= npackets))
954 break;
955 }
956 if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) {
957 if (sweepmax && sntransmitted == snpackets) {
958 for (i = 0; i < sweepincr ; ++i)
959 *datap++ = i;
960 datalen += sweepincr;
961 if (datalen > sweepmax)
962 break;
963 send_len = icmp_len + datalen;
964 sntransmitted = 0;
965 }
966 if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets)
967 pinger();
968 else {
969 if (almost_done)
970 break;
971 almost_done = 1;
972 intvl.tv_usec = 0;
973 if (nreceived) {
974 intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000;
975 if (!intvl.tv_sec)
976 intvl.tv_sec = 1;
977 } else {
978 intvl.tv_sec = waittime / 1000;
979 intvl.tv_usec = waittime % 1000 * 1000;
980 }
981 }
982 (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
983 if (ntransmitted - nreceived - 1 > nmissedmax) {
984 nmissedmax = ntransmitted - nreceived - 1;
985 if (options & F_MISSED)
986 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
987 if (!(options & F_QUIET))
988 printf("Request timeout for icmp_seq %ld\n", ntransmitted - 2);
989 }
990 }
991 }
992 finish();
993 /* NOTREACHED */
994 exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */
995 }
996
997 /*
998 * stopit --
999 * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit.
1000 * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much
1001 * to be called from a signal handler.
1002 */
1003 void
1004 stopit(sig)
1005 int sig __unused;
1006 {
1007
1008 /*
1009 * When doing reverse DNS lookups, the finish_up flag might not
1010 * be noticed for a while. Just exit if we get a second SIGINT.
1011 */
1012 if (!(options & F_NUMERIC) && finish_up)
1013 _exit(nreceived ? 0 : 2);
1014 finish_up = 1;
1015 }
1016
1017 /*
1018 * pinger --
1019 * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet
1020 * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1021 * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first TIMEVAL_LEN
1022 * bytes of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in
1023 * host byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1024 */
1025 static void
1026 pinger(void)
1027 {
1028 struct timeval now;
1029 struct tv32 tv32;
1030 struct ip *ip;
1031 struct icmp *icp;
1032 int cc, i;
1033 u_char *packet;
1034
1035 packet = outpack;
1036 icp = (struct icmp *)outpack;
1037 icp->icmp_type = icmp_type;
1038 icp->icmp_code = 0;
1039 icp->icmp_cksum = 0;
1040 icp->icmp_seq = htons(ntransmitted);
1041 icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */
1042
1043 CLR(ntransmitted % mx_dup_ck);
1044
1045 if ((options & F_TIME) || timing) {
1046 (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
1047
1048 tv32.tv32_sec = htonl(now.tv_sec);
1049 tv32.tv32_usec = htonl(now.tv_usec);
1050 if (options & F_TIME)
1051 icp->icmp_otime = htonl((now.tv_sec % (24*60*60))
1052 * 1000 + now.tv_usec / 1000);
1053 if (timing)
1054 bcopy((void *)&tv32,
1055 (void *)&outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len],
1056 sizeof(tv32));
1057 }
1058
1059 cc = ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len + datalen;
1060
1061 /* compute ICMP checksum here */
1062 icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc);
1063
1064 if (options & F_HDRINCL) {
1065 cc += sizeof(struct ip);
1066 ip = (struct ip *)outpackhdr;
1067 ip->ip_len = cc;
1068 ip->ip_sum = in_cksum((u_short *)outpackhdr, cc);
1069 packet = outpackhdr;
1070 }
1071 if (how_traffic_class == 2) {
1072 struct msghdr msg;
1073 struct iovec iov;
1074 char *cmbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
1075 struct cmsghdr *cm = (struct cmsghdr *)cmbuf;
1076
1077 msg.msg_name = &whereto;
1078 msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(whereto);
1079
1080 iov.iov_base = packet;
1081 iov.iov_len = cc;
1082 msg.msg_iov = &iov;
1083 msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
1084
1085 cm->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
1086 cm->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
1087 cm->cmsg_type = SO_TRAFFIC_CLASS;
1088 *(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm) = traffic_class;
1089 msg.msg_control = cm;
1090 msg.msg_controllen = CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
1091
1092 msg.msg_flags = 0;
1093
1094 i = sendmsg(s, &msg, 0);
1095 } else {
1096 i = sendto(s, (char *)packet, cc, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto,
1097 sizeof(whereto));
1098 }
1099 if (i < 0 || i != cc) {
1100 if (i < 0) {
1101 if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) {
1102 usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF);
1103 return;
1104 }
1105 warn("sendto");
1106 } else {
1107 warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes",
1108 hostname, i, cc);
1109 }
1110 }
1111 ntransmitted++;
1112 sntransmitted++;
1113 if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1114 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1115 }
1116
1117 /*
1118 * pr_pack --
1119 * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary
1120 * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1121 * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this
1122 * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1123 */
1124 static void
1125 pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv)
1126 char *buf;
1127 int cc;
1128 struct sockaddr_in *from;
1129 struct timeval *tv;
1130 {
1131 struct in_addr ina;
1132 u_char *cp, *dp;
1133 struct icmp *icp;
1134 struct ip *ip;
1135 const void *tp;
1136 double triptime;
1137 int dupflag, hlen, i, j, recv_len, seq;
1138 static int old_rrlen;
1139 static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN];
1140
1141 /* Check the IP header */
1142 ip = (struct ip *)buf;
1143 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1144 recv_len = cc;
1145 if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) {
1146 if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1147 warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1148 inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr));
1149 return;
1150 }
1151
1152 /* Now the ICMP part */
1153 cc -= hlen;
1154 icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen);
1155 if (icp->icmp_type == icmp_type_rsp) {
1156 if (icp->icmp_id != ident)
1157 return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */
1158 ++nreceived;
1159 triptime = 0.0;
1160 if (timing) {
1161 struct timeval tv1;
1162 struct tv32 tv32;
1163 #ifndef icmp_data
1164 tp = &icp->icmp_ip;
1165 #else
1166 tp = icp->icmp_data;
1167 #endif
1168 tp = (const char *)tp + phdr_len;
1169
1170 if (cc - ICMP_MINLEN - phdr_len >= sizeof(tv1)) {
1171 /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */
1172 memcpy(&tv32, tp, sizeof(tv32));
1173 tv1.tv_sec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_sec);
1174 tv1.tv_usec = ntohl(tv32.tv32_usec);
1175 tvsub(tv, &tv1);
1176 triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1177 ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1178 tsum += triptime;
1179 tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1180 if (triptime < tmin)
1181 tmin = triptime;
1182 if (triptime > tmax)
1183 tmax = triptime;
1184 } else
1185 timing = 0;
1186 }
1187
1188 seq = ntohs(icp->icmp_seq);
1189
1190 if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1191 ++nrepeats;
1192 --nreceived;
1193 dupflag = 1;
1194 } else {
1195 SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1196 dupflag = 0;
1197 }
1198
1199 if (options & F_QUIET)
1200 return;
1201
1202 if (options & F_WAITTIME && triptime > waittime) {
1203 ++nrcvtimeout;
1204 return;
1205 }
1206
1207 if (options & F_FLOOD)
1208 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1209 else {
1210 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1211 inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr),
1212 seq);
1213 (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl);
1214 if (timing)
1215 (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1216 if (dupflag) {
1217 if (!IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(whereto.sin_addr.s_addr)))
1218 (void)printf(" (DUP!)");
1219 }
1220 if (options & F_AUDIBLE)
1221 (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BBELL, 1);
1222 if (options & F_MASK) {
1223 /* Just prentend this cast isn't ugly */
1224 (void)printf(" mask=%s",
1225 pr_addr(*(struct in_addr *)&(icp->icmp_mask)));
1226 }
1227 if (options & F_TIME) {
1228 (void)printf(" tso=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_otime));
1229 (void)printf(" tsr=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_rtime));
1230 (void)printf(" tst=%s", pr_ntime(icp->icmp_ttime));
1231 }
1232 if (recv_len != send_len) {
1233 (void)printf(
1234 "\nwrong total length %d instead of %d",
1235 recv_len, send_len);
1236 }
1237 /* check the data */
1238 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[phdr_len];
1239 dp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len];
1240 cc -= ICMP_MINLEN + phdr_len;
1241 i = 0;
1242 if (timing) { /* don't check variable timestamp */
1243 cp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1244 dp += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1245 cc -= TIMEVAL_LEN;
1246 i += TIMEVAL_LEN;
1247 }
1248 for (; i < datalen && cc > 0; ++i, ++cp, ++dp, --cc) {
1249 if (*cp != *dp) {
1250 (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x",
1251 i, *dp, *cp);
1252 (void)printf("\ncp:");
1253 cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0];
1254 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1255 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1256 (void)printf("\n\t");
1257 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1258 }
1259 (void)printf("\ndp:");
1260 cp = &outpack[ICMP_MINLEN];
1261 for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) {
1262 if ((i % 16) == 8)
1263 (void)printf("\n\t");
1264 (void)printf("%2x ", *cp);
1265 }
1266 break;
1267 }
1268 }
1269 }
1270 } else {
1271 /*
1272 * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY.
1273 * See if it's a reply to something that we sent.
1274 * We can compare IP destination, protocol,
1275 * and ICMP type and ID.
1276 *
1277 * Only print all the error messages if we are running
1278 * as root to avoid leaking information not normally
1279 * available to those not running as root.
1280 */
1281 #ifndef icmp_data
1282 struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip;
1283 #else
1284 struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data;
1285 #endif
1286 struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1);
1287
1288 if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) ||
1289 (!(options & F_QUIET2) &&
1290 (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == whereto.sin_addr.s_addr) &&
1291 (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) &&
1292 (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) &&
1293 (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) {
1294 (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc,
1295 pr_addr(from->sin_addr));
1296 pr_icmph(icp);
1297 } else
1298 return;
1299 }
1300
1301 /* Display any IP options */
1302 cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip);
1303
1304 for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp)
1305 switch (*cp) {
1306 case IPOPT_EOL:
1307 hlen = 0;
1308 break;
1309 case IPOPT_LSRR:
1310 case IPOPT_SSRR:
1311 (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ?
1312 "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: ");
1313 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN] - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1314 hlen -= 2;
1315 cp += 2;
1316 if (j >= INADDR_LEN &&
1317 j <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1318 for (;;) {
1319 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1320 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1321 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1322 else
1323 (void)printf("\t%s",
1324 pr_addr(ina));
1325 hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1326 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1327 j -= INADDR_LEN;
1328 if (j < INADDR_LEN)
1329 break;
1330 (void)putchar('\n');
1331 }
1332 } else
1333 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)\n");
1334 break;
1335 case IPOPT_RR:
1336 j = cp[IPOPT_OLEN]; /* get length */
1337 i = cp[IPOPT_OFFSET]; /* and pointer */
1338 hlen -= 2;
1339 cp += 2;
1340 if (i > j)
1341 i = j;
1342 i = i - IPOPT_MINOFF + 1;
1343 if (i < 0 || i > (hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip))) {
1344 old_rrlen = 0;
1345 continue;
1346 }
1347 if (i == old_rrlen
1348 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i)
1349 && !(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1350 (void)printf("\t(same route)");
1351 hlen -= i;
1352 cp += i;
1353 break;
1354 }
1355 old_rrlen = i;
1356 bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i);
1357 (void)printf("\nRR: ");
1358 if (i >= INADDR_LEN &&
1359 i <= hlen - (int)sizeof(struct ip)) {
1360 for (;;) {
1361 bcopy(++cp, &ina.s_addr, INADDR_LEN);
1362 if (ina.s_addr == 0)
1363 (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0");
1364 else
1365 (void)printf("\t%s",
1366 pr_addr(ina));
1367 hlen -= INADDR_LEN;
1368 cp += INADDR_LEN - 1;
1369 i -= INADDR_LEN;
1370 if (i < INADDR_LEN)
1371 break;
1372 (void)putchar('\n');
1373 }
1374 } else
1375 (void)printf("\t(truncated route)");
1376 break;
1377 case IPOPT_NOP:
1378 (void)printf("\nNOP");
1379 break;
1380 default:
1381 (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp);
1382 break;
1383 }
1384 if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1385 (void)putchar('\n');
1386 (void)fflush(stdout);
1387 }
1388 }
1389
1390 /*
1391 * in_cksum --
1392 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
1393 */
1394 u_short
1395 in_cksum(addr, len)
1396 u_short *addr;
1397 int len;
1398 {
1399 int nleft, sum;
1400 u_short *w;
1401 union {
1402 u_short us;
1403 u_char uc[2];
1404 } last;
1405 u_short answer;
1406
1407 nleft = len;
1408 sum = 0;
1409 w = addr;
1410
1411 /*
1412 * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add
1413 * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the
1414 * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits.
1415 */
1416 while (nleft > 1) {
1417 sum += *w++;
1418 nleft -= 2;
1419 }
1420
1421 /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
1422 if (nleft == 1) {
1423 last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w;
1424 last.uc[1] = 0;
1425 sum += last.us;
1426 }
1427
1428 /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */
1429 sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */
1430 sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */
1431 answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */
1432 return(answer);
1433 }
1434
1435 /*
1436 * tvsub --
1437 * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to
1438 * be >= in.
1439 */
1440 static void
1441 tvsub(out, in)
1442 struct timeval *out, *in;
1443 {
1444
1445 if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
1446 --out->tv_sec;
1447 out->tv_usec += 1000000;
1448 }
1449 out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
1450 }
1451
1452 /*
1453 * status --
1454 * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received.
1455 */
1456
1457 static void
1458 status(sig)
1459 int sig __unused;
1460 {
1461
1462 siginfo_p = 1;
1463 }
1464
1465 static void
1466 check_status()
1467 {
1468
1469 if (siginfo_p) {
1470 siginfo_p = 0;
1471 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.1f%%)",
1472 nreceived, ntransmitted,
1473 ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0);
1474 if (nreceived && timing)
1475 (void)fprintf(stderr, " %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max",
1476 tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax);
1477 (void)fprintf(stderr, "\n");
1478 }
1479 }
1480
1481 /*
1482 * finish --
1483 * Print out statistics, and give up.
1484 */
1485 static void
1486 finish()
1487 {
1488
1489 (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
1490 (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN);
1491 (void)putchar('\n');
1492 (void)fflush(stdout);
1493 (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname);
1494 (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
1495 (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
1496 if (nrepeats)
1497 (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
1498 if (ntransmitted) {
1499 if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
1500 (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!");
1501 else
1502 (void)printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
1503 ((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
1504 ntransmitted);
1505 }
1506 if (nrcvtimeout)
1507 (void)printf(", %ld packets out of wait time", nrcvtimeout);
1508 (void)putchar('\n');
1509 if (nreceived && timing) {
1510 double n = nreceived + nrepeats;
1511 double avg = tsum / n;
1512 double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg;
1513 (void)printf(
1514 "round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
1515 tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari));
1516 }
1517
1518 if (nreceived)
1519 exit(0);
1520 else
1521 exit(2);
1522 }
1523
1524 #ifdef notdef
1525 static char *ttab[] = {
1526 "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */
1527 "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */
1528 "Source Quench", /* IP */
1529 "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */
1530 "Echo",
1531 "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */
1532 "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */
1533 "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */
1534 "Timestamp Reply", /* " */
1535 "Info Request", /* id + sq */
1536 "Info Reply" /* " */
1537 };
1538 #endif
1539
1540 /*
1541 * pr_icmph --
1542 * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
1543 */
1544 static void
1545 pr_icmph(icp)
1546 struct icmp *icp;
1547 {
1548
1549 switch(icp->icmp_type) {
1550 case ICMP_ECHOREPLY:
1551 (void)printf("Echo Reply\n");
1552 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1553 break;
1554 case ICMP_UNREACH:
1555 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1556 case ICMP_UNREACH_NET:
1557 (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n");
1558 break;
1559 case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST:
1560 (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
1561 break;
1562 case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL:
1563 (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n");
1564 break;
1565 case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT:
1566 (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
1567 break;
1568 case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG:
1569 (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n",
1570 ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu));
1571 break;
1572 case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL:
1573 (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n");
1574 break;
1575 case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB:
1576 (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n");
1577 break;
1578 default:
1579 (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
1580 icp->icmp_code);
1581 break;
1582 }
1583 /* Print returned IP header information */
1584 #ifndef icmp_data
1585 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1586 #else
1587 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1588 #endif
1589 break;
1590 case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH:
1591 (void)printf("Source Quench\n");
1592 #ifndef icmp_data
1593 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1594 #else
1595 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1596 #endif
1597 break;
1598 case ICMP_REDIRECT:
1599 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1600 case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET:
1601 (void)printf("Redirect Network");
1602 break;
1603 case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST:
1604 (void)printf("Redirect Host");
1605 break;
1606 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET:
1607 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network");
1608 break;
1609 case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST:
1610 (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host");
1611 break;
1612 default:
1613 (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code);
1614 break;
1615 }
1616 (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr));
1617 #ifndef icmp_data
1618 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1619 #else
1620 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1621 #endif
1622 break;
1623 case ICMP_ECHO:
1624 (void)printf("Echo Request\n");
1625 /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
1626 break;
1627 case ICMP_TIMXCEED:
1628 switch(icp->icmp_code) {
1629 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS:
1630 (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
1631 break;
1632 case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS:
1633 (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
1634 break;
1635 default:
1636 (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
1637 icp->icmp_code);
1638 break;
1639 }
1640 #ifndef icmp_data
1641 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1642 #else
1643 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1644 #endif
1645 break;
1646 case ICMP_PARAMPROB:
1647 (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n",
1648 icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr);
1649 #ifndef icmp_data
1650 pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip);
1651 #else
1652 pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data);
1653 #endif
1654 break;
1655 case ICMP_TSTAMP:
1656 (void)printf("Timestamp\n");
1657 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1658 break;
1659 case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY:
1660 (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n");
1661 /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */
1662 break;
1663 case ICMP_IREQ:
1664 (void)printf("Information Request\n");
1665 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1666 break;
1667 case ICMP_IREQREPLY:
1668 (void)printf("Information Reply\n");
1669 /* XXX ID + Seq */
1670 break;
1671 case ICMP_MASKREQ:
1672 (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n");
1673 break;
1674 case ICMP_MASKREPLY:
1675 (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n");
1676 break;
1677 case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT:
1678 (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n");
1679 break;
1680 case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT:
1681 (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n");
1682 break;
1683 default:
1684 (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type);
1685 }
1686 }
1687
1688 /*
1689 * pr_iph --
1690 * Print an IP header with options.
1691 */
1692 static void
1693 pr_iph(ip)
1694 struct ip *ip;
1695 {
1696 u_char *cp;
1697 int hlen;
1698
1699 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1700 cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */
1701
1702 (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n");
1703 (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x",
1704 ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len),
1705 ntohs(ip->ip_id));
1706 (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx",
1707 (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13,
1708 (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff);
1709 (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p,
1710 ntohs(ip->ip_sum));
1711 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr));
1712 (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr));
1713 /* dump any option bytes */
1714 while (hlen-- > 20) {
1715 (void)printf("%02x", *cp++);
1716 }
1717 (void)putchar('\n');
1718 }
1719
1720 /*
1721 * pr_addr --
1722 * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
1723 * a hostname.
1724 */
1725 static char *
1726 pr_addr(ina)
1727 struct in_addr ina;
1728 {
1729 struct hostent *hp;
1730 static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
1731
1732 if ((options & F_NUMERIC) ||
1733 !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET)))
1734 return inet_ntoa(ina);
1735 else
1736 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name,
1737 inet_ntoa(ina));
1738 return(buf);
1739 }
1740
1741 /*
1742 * pr_retip --
1743 * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet.
1744 */
1745 static void
1746 pr_retip(ip)
1747 struct ip *ip;
1748 {
1749 u_char *cp;
1750 int hlen;
1751
1752 pr_iph(ip);
1753 hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
1754 cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen;
1755
1756 if (ip->ip_p == 6)
1757 (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1758 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1759 else if (ip->ip_p == 17)
1760 (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
1761 (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
1762 }
1763
1764 static char *
1765 pr_ntime (n_time timestamp)
1766 {
1767 static char buf[10];
1768 int hour, min, sec;
1769
1770 sec = ntohl(timestamp) / 1000;
1771 hour = sec / 60 / 60;
1772 min = (sec % (60 * 60)) / 60;
1773 sec = (sec % (60 * 60)) % 60;
1774
1775 (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%02d:%02d:%02d", hour, min, sec);
1776
1777 return (buf);
1778 }
1779
1780 static void
1781 fill(bp, patp)
1782 char *bp, *patp;
1783 {
1784 char *cp;
1785 int pat[16];
1786 u_int ii, jj, kk;
1787
1788 for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) {
1789 if (!isxdigit(*cp))
1790 errx(EX_USAGE,
1791 "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
1792
1793 }
1794 ii = sscanf(patp,
1795 "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
1796 &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
1797 &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
1798 &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
1799
1800 if (ii > 0)
1801 for (kk = 0; kk <= maxpayload - (TIMEVAL_LEN + ii); kk += ii)
1802 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1803 bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
1804 if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
1805 (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x");
1806 for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
1807 (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
1808 (void)printf("\n");
1809 }
1810 }
1811
1812 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
1813 #define SECOPT " [-P policy]"
1814 #else
1815 #define SECOPT ""
1816 #endif
1817 static void
1818 usage()
1819 {
1820
1821 (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
1822 "usage: ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-b boundif] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize]",
1823 " [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]",
1824 " " SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout]",
1825 " [-W waittime] [-z tos] host",
1826 " ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload]",
1827 " [-M mask | time] [-m ttl]" SECOPT " [-p pattern] [-S src_addr]",
1828 " [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime]",
1829 " [-z tos] mcast-group");
1830 exit(EX_USAGE);
1831 }
mirror of network_cmds