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.Dd July 9, 2010
.Dt PTHREAD_MUTEXATTR 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm pthread_mutexattr_init ,
.Nm pthread_mutexattr_destroy ,
.Nm pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling ,
.Nm pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling ,
.Nm pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol ,
.Nm pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol ,
.Nm pthread_mutexattr_settype ,
.Nm pthread_mutexattr_gettype
.Nd mutex attribute operations
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In pthread.h
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_init "pthread_mutexattr_t *attr"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_destroy "pthread_mutexattr_t *attr"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling "pthread_mutexattr_t *attr" "int prioceiling"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling "pthread_mutexattr_t *attr" "int *prioceiling"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol "pthread_mutexattr_t *attr" "int protocol"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol "pthread_mutexattr_t *attr" "int *protocol"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_settype "pthread_mutexattr_t *attr" "int type"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_gettype "pthread_mutexattr_t *attr" "int *type"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setpolicy_np "pthread_mutexattr_t *attr" "int policy"
.Ft int
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_getpolicy_np "pthread_mutexattr_t *attr" "int *policy"
.Sh DESCRIPTION
Mutex attributes are used to specify parameters to
.Fn pthread_mutex_init .
Like with thread attributes,
one attribute object can be used in multiple calls to
.Xr pthread_mutex_init 3 ,
with or without modifications between calls.
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_init
function initializes
.Fa attr
with all the default mutex attributes.
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_destroy
function destroys
.Fa attr .
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_settype
functions set the mutex
.Fa type
value of the attribute.
Valid mutex types are:
.Bl -tag -width "XXX" -offset 2n
.It Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL
This type of mutex does not check for usage errors.
It will deadlock if reentered, and result in undefined behavior if a
locked mutex is unlocked by another thread.
Attempts to unlock an already unlocked
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL
mutex will result in undefined behavior.
.It Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK
These mutexes do check for usage errors.
If an attempt is made to relock a
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK
mutex without first dropping the lock, an error will be returned.
If a thread attempts to unlock a
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK
mutex that is locked by another thread, an error will be returned.
If a thread attempts to unlock a
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK
thread that is unlocked, an error will be returned.
.It Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
These mutexes allow recursive locking.
An attempt to relock a
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
mutex that is already locked by the same thread succeeds.
An equivalent number of
.Xr pthread_mutex_unlock 3
calls are needed before the mutex will wake another thread waiting
on this lock.
If a thread attempts to unlock a
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
mutex that is locked by another thread, an error will be returned.
If a thread attempts to unlock a
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
thread that is unlocked, an error will be returned.
.Pp
It is advised that
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
mutexes are not used with condition variables.
This is because of the implicit unlocking done by
.Xr pthread_cond_wait 3
and
.Xr pthread_cond_timedwait 3 .
.It Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT
Also this type of mutex will cause undefined behavior if reentered.
Unlocking a
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT
mutex locked by another thread will result in undefined behavior.
Attempts to unlock an already unlocked
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT
mutex will result in undefined behavior.
This is the default mutex type for
.Fn pthread_mutexaddr_init .
.El
.Pp
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_gettype
functions copy the type value of the attribute to the location pointed to by the second parameter.
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setpolicy_np
function sets the mutex
.Fa policy
value of the attribute.
Valid mutex policies are:
.Bl -tag -width "XXX" -offset 2n
.It Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_POLICY_FIRSTFIT_NP
The first-fit mutex policy allows acquisition of the mutex to occur in any
order. This policy is similar in operation to os_unfair_lock, new contending
acquirers may obtain ownership of the mutex ahead of existing waiters.
.It Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_POLICY_FAIRSHARE_NP
The fairshare mutex policy guarantees that ownership of a contended mutex will
be granted to waiters on a strictly ordered first-in, first-out basis. That is,
a mutex holder that unlocks the mutex and then attempts to relock will wait
behind existing threads already waiting on the mutex before being granted
ownership again.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_getpolicy_np
function copies the mutex
.Fa policy
value of the attribute to the location pointed to by the second parameter.
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_set*
functions set the attribute that corresponds to each function name.
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_get*
functions copy the value of the attribute that corresponds to each function name
to the location pointed to by the second function parameter.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
If successful, these functions return 0.
Otherwise, an error number is returned to indicate the error.
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
The following environment variables change the behavior of the pthread mutex
implementation.
.Bl -tag -width "XXX" -offset 2n
.It Ev PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT_POLICY
Controls the process-wide policy used when initializing a pthread_mutex_t that
has not had a policy set via
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setpolicy_np .
The valid values are mapped as:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "XXX"
.It Fa 1
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_POLICY_FAIRSHARE_NP
.It Fa 3
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_POLICY_FIRSTFIT_NP
.El
.El
.Sh BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
Prior to macOS 10.14 (iOS and tvOS 12.0, watchOS 5.0) the only available
pthread mutex policy mode was
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_POLICY_FAIRSHARE_NP .
macOS 10.14 (iOS and tvOS 12.0, watchOS 5.0) introduces
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_POLICY_FIRSTFIT_NP
and also makes this the default mode for mutexes initialized without a policy
attribute set.
.Pp
Attempting to use
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setpolicy_np
to set the policy of a pthread_mutex_t to
.Dv PTHREAD_MUTEX_POLICY_FIRSTFIT_NP
on earlier releases will fail with
.Er EINVAL
and the mutex will continue to operate in fairshare mode.
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_init
function shall fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er ENOMEM
Out of memory.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_destroy
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
Invalid value for
.Fa attr .
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
Invalid value for
.Fa attr ,
or invalid value for
.Fa prioceiling .
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
Invalid value for
.Fa attr .
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
Invalid value for
.Fa attr ,
or invalid value for
.Fa protocol .
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
Invalid value for
.Fa attr .
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_settype
function shall fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The value specified either by
.Fa type
or
.Fa attr
is invalid.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_gettype
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
Invalid value for
.Fa attr .
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setpolicy_np
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
Invalid value for
.Fa attr .
.El
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_getpolicy_np
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The value specified either by
.Fa type
or
.Fa attr
is invalid.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr pthread_mutex_init 3
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_init
and
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_destroy
functions conform to
.St -p1003.1-96
.Pp
The
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling ,
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling ,
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol ,
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol ,
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_settype ,
and
.Fn pthread_mutexattr_gettype
functions conform to
.St -susv2