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1.\" Copyright (c) 1993
2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
3.\"
4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
5.\" Paul Borman at Krystal Technologies.
6.\"
7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9.\" are met:
10.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
16.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
17.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
18.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
19.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
20.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
21.\" without specific prior written permission.
22.\"
23.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
24.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
25.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
26.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
27.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
33.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
34.\"
35.\" @(#)euc.4 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
9385eb3d 36.\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/locale/euc.4,v 1.9 2001/07/15 07:53:05 dd Exp $
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37.\"
38.Dd June 4, 1993
39.Dt EUC 4
40.Os
41.Sh NAME
42.Nm euc
43.Nd EUC encoding of runes
44.Sh SYNOPSIS
45.Nm ENCODING
46.Qq EUC
47.Pp
48.Nm VARIABLE
49.Ar len1
50.Ar mask1
51.Ar len2
52.Ar mask2
53.Ar len3
54.Ar mask3
55.Ar len4
56.Ar mask4
57.Ar mask
58.Sh DESCRIPTION
59The
60.Nm EUC
61encoding is provided for compatibility with
62.Ux
63based systems.
64See
65.Xr mklocale 1
66for a complete description of the
67.Ev LC_CTYPE
68source file format.
69.Pp
70.Nm EUC
71implements a system of 4 multibyte codesets.
72A multibyte character in the first codeset consists of
73.Ar len1
74bytes starting with a byte in the range of 0x00 to 0x7f.
75To allow use of ASCII,
76.Ar len1
77is always 1.
78A multibyte character in the second codeset consists of
79.Ar len2
80bytes starting with a byte in the range of 0x80-0xff excluding 0x8e and 0x8f.
81A multibyte character in the third codeset consists of
82.Ar len3
83bytes starting with the byte 0x8e.
84A multibyte character in the fourth codeset consists of
85.Ar len4
86bytes starting with the byte 0x8f.
87.Pp
88The
89.Ev rune_t
90encoding of
91.Nm EUC
92multibyte characters is dependent on the
93.Ar len
94and
95.Ar mask
96arguments.
97First, the bytes are moved into a
98.Ev rune_t
99as follows:
100.Bd -literal
101byte0 << ((\fIlen\fPN-1) * 8) | byte1 << ((\fIlen\fPN-2) * 8) | ... | byte\fIlen\fPN-1
102.Ed
103.Pp
104The result is then ANDed with
105.Ar ~mask
106and ORed with
107.Ar maskN .
108Codesets 2 and 3 are special in that the leading byte (0x8e or 0x8f) is
109first removed and the
110.Ar lenN
111argument is reduced by 1.
112.Pp
113For example, the Japanese locale has the following
114.Ev VARIABLE
115line:
116.Bd -literal
117VARIABLE 1 0x0000 2 0x8080 2 0x0080 3 0x8000 0x8080
118.Ed
119.Pp
120Codeset 1 consists of the values 0x0000 - 0x007f.
121.Pp
122Codeset 2 consists of the values who have the bits 0x8080 set.
123.Pp
124Codeset 3 consists of the values 0x0080 - 0x00ff.
125.Pp
126Codeset 4 consists of the values 0x8000 - 0xff7f excluding the values
127which have the 0x0080 bit set.
128.Pp
129Notice that the global
130.Ar mask
131is set to 0x8080, this implies that from those 2 bits the codeset can
132be determined.
133.Sh "EXAMPLE - Japanese Locale"
134This is a complete example of an
135.Ev LC_CTYPE
136source file for the Japanese locale
137.Bd -literal
138/*
139 * Japanese LOCALE_CTYPE definitions using EUC of JIS character sets
140 */
141
142ENCODING "EUC"
143
144/* JIS JIS JIS */
145/* X201 X208 X201 */
146/* 00-7f 84-fe */
147
148VARIABLE 1 0x0000 2 0x8080 2 0x0080 3 0x8000 0x8080
149
150/*
151 * Code Set 1
152 */
153ALPHA 'A' - 'Z' 'a' - 'z'
154CONTROL 0x00 - 0x1f 0x7f
155DIGIT '0' - '9'
156GRAPH 0x21 - 0x7e
157LOWER 'a' - 'z'
158PUNCT 0x21 - 0x2f 0x3a - 0x40 0x5b - 0x60 0x7b - 0x7e
159SPACE 0x09 - 0x0d 0x20
160UPPER 'A' - 'Z'
161XDIGIT 'a' - 'f' 'A' - 'F'
162BLANK ' ' '\t'
163PRINT 0x20 - 0x7e
164
165MAPLOWER < 'A' - 'Z' : 'a' > < 'a' - 'z' : 'a' >
166MAPUPPER < 'A' - 'Z' : 'A' > < 'a' - 'z' : 'A' >
167TODIGIT < '0' - '9' : 0 >
168TODIGIT < 'A' - 'F' : 10 > < 'a' - 'f' : 10 >
169
170/*
171 * Code Set 2
172 */
173
174SPACE 0xa1a1
175PHONOGRAM 0xa1bc
176SPECIAL 0xa1a2 - 0xa1fe
177PUNCT 0xa1a2 - 0xa1f8 /* A few too many in here... */
178
179SPECIAL 0xa2a1 - 0xa2ae 0xa2ba - 0xa2c1 0xa2ca - 0xa2d0 0xa2dc - 0xa2ea
180SPECIAL 0xa2f2 - 0xa2f9 0xa2fe
181
182DIGIT 0xa3b0 - 0xa3b9
183UPPER 0xa3c1 - 0xa3da /* Romaji */
184LOWER 0xa3e1 - 0xa3fa /* Romaji */
185MAPLOWER < 0xa3c1 - 0xa3da : 0xa3e1 > /* English */
186MAPLOWER < 0xa3e1 - 0xa3fa : 0xa3e1 > /* English */
187MAPUPPER < 0xa3c1 - 0xa3da : 0xa3c1 >
188MAPUPPER < 0xa3e1 - 0xa3fa : 0xa3c1 >
189
190XDIGIT 0xa3c1 - 0xa3c6 0xa3e1 - 0xa3e6
191
192TODIGIT < 0xa3b0 - 0xa3b9 : 0 >
193TODIGIT < 0xa3c1 - 0xa3c6 : 10 > < 0xa3e1 - 0xa3e6 : 10 >
194
195PHONOGRAM 0xa4a1 - 0xa4f3
196PHONOGRAM 0xa5a1 - 0xa5f6
197
198UPPER 0xa6a1 - 0xa6b8 /* Greek */
199LOWER 0xa6c1 - 0xa6d8 /* Greek */
200MAPLOWER < 0xa6a1 - 0xa6b8 : 0xa6c1 > < 0xa6c1 - 0xa6d8 : 0xa6c1 >
201MAPUPPER < 0xa6a1 - 0xa6b8 : 0xa6a1 > < 0xa6c1 - 0xa6d8 : 0xa6a1 >
202
203UPPER 0xa7a1 - 0xa7c1 /* Cyrillic */
204LOWER 0xa7d1 - 0xa7f1 /* Cyrillic */
205MAPLOWER < 0xa7a1 - 0xa7c1 : 0xa7d1 > < 0xa7d1 - 0xa7f1 : 0xa7d1 >
206MAPUPPER < 0xa7a1 - 0xa7c1 : 0xa7a1 > < 0xa7d1 - 0xa7f1 : 0xa7a1 >
207
208SPECIAL 0xa8a1 - 0xa8c0
209
210IDEOGRAM 0xb0a1 - 0xb0fe 0xb1a1 - 0xb1fe 0xb2a1 - 0xb2fe
211IDEOGRAM 0xb3a1 - 0xb3fe 0xb4a1 - 0xb4fe 0xb5a1 - 0xb5fe
212IDEOGRAM 0xb6a1 - 0xb6fe 0xb7a1 - 0xb7fe 0xb8a1 - 0xb8fe
213IDEOGRAM 0xb9a1 - 0xb9fe 0xbaa1 - 0xbafe 0xbba1 - 0xbbfe
214IDEOGRAM 0xbca1 - 0xbcfe 0xbda1 - 0xbdfe 0xbea1 - 0xbefe
215IDEOGRAM 0xbfa1 - 0xbffe 0xc0a1 - 0xc0fe 0xc1a1 - 0xc1fe
216IDEOGRAM 0xc2a1 - 0xc2fe 0xc3a1 - 0xc3fe 0xc4a1 - 0xc4fe
217IDEOGRAM 0xc5a1 - 0xc5fe 0xc6a1 - 0xc6fe 0xc7a1 - 0xc7fe
218IDEOGRAM 0xc8a1 - 0xc8fe 0xc9a1 - 0xc9fe 0xcaa1 - 0xcafe
219IDEOGRAM 0xcba1 - 0xcbfe 0xcca1 - 0xccfe 0xcda1 - 0xcdfe
220IDEOGRAM 0xcea1 - 0xcefe 0xcfa1 - 0xcfd3 0xd0a1 - 0xd0fe
221IDEOGRAM 0xd1a1 - 0xd1fe 0xd2a1 - 0xd2fe 0xd3a1 - 0xd3fe
222IDEOGRAM 0xd4a1 - 0xd4fe 0xd5a1 - 0xd5fe 0xd6a1 - 0xd6fe
223IDEOGRAM 0xd7a1 - 0xd7fe 0xd8a1 - 0xd8fe 0xd9a1 - 0xd9fe
224IDEOGRAM 0xdaa1 - 0xdafe 0xdba1 - 0xdbfe 0xdca1 - 0xdcfe
225IDEOGRAM 0xdda1 - 0xddfe 0xdea1 - 0xdefe 0xdfa1 - 0xdffe
226IDEOGRAM 0xe0a1 - 0xe0fe 0xe1a1 - 0xe1fe 0xe2a1 - 0xe2fe
227IDEOGRAM 0xe3a1 - 0xe3fe 0xe4a1 - 0xe4fe 0xe5a1 - 0xe5fe
228IDEOGRAM 0xe6a1 - 0xe6fe 0xe7a1 - 0xe7fe 0xe8a1 - 0xe8fe
229IDEOGRAM 0xe9a1 - 0xe9fe 0xeaa1 - 0xeafe 0xeba1 - 0xebfe
230IDEOGRAM 0xeca1 - 0xecfe 0xeda1 - 0xedfe 0xeea1 - 0xeefe
231IDEOGRAM 0xefa1 - 0xeffe 0xf0a1 - 0xf0fe 0xf1a1 - 0xf1fe
232IDEOGRAM 0xf2a1 - 0xf2fe 0xf3a1 - 0xf3fe 0xf4a1 - 0xf4a4
233/*
234 * This is for Code Set 3, half-width kana
235 */
236SPECIAL 0xa1 - 0xdf
237PHONOGRAM 0xa1 - 0xdf
238CONTROL 0x84 - 0x97 0x9b - 0x9f 0xe0 - 0xfe
239.Ed
240.Sh "SEE ALSO"
241.Xr mklocale 1 ,
242.Xr setlocale 3