]> git.saurik.com Git - apple/ld64.git/blobdiff - ld64-134.9/src/other/unwinddump.cpp
ld64-136.tar.gz
[apple/ld64.git] / ld64-134.9 / src / other / unwinddump.cpp
diff --git a/ld64-134.9/src/other/unwinddump.cpp b/ld64-134.9/src/other/unwinddump.cpp
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-/* -*- mode: C++; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*- 
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2008-2011 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
- *
- * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
- * 
- * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
- * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
- * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
- * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
- * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
- * file.
- * 
- * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
- * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
- * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
- * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
- * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
- * limitations under the License.
- * 
- * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
- */
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#include <vector>
-#include <set>
-#include <ext/hash_set>
-
-
-#include "MachOFileAbstraction.hpp"
-#include "Architectures.hpp"
-
-
- __attribute__((noreturn))
-void throwf(const char* format, ...) 
-{
-       va_list list;
-       char*   p;
-       va_start(list, format);
-       vasprintf(&p, format, list);
-       va_end(list);
-       
-       const char*     t = p;
-       throw t;
-}
-
-
-template <typename A>
-class UnwindPrinter
-{
-public:
-       static bool                                                                     validFile(const uint8_t* fileContent);
-       static UnwindPrinter<A>*                                                make(const uint8_t* fileContent, uint32_t fileLength, 
-                                                                                                                       const char* path, bool showFunctionNames) 
-                                                                                                               { return new UnwindPrinter<A>(fileContent, fileLength, 
-                                                                                                                                                                               path, showFunctionNames); }
-       virtual                                                                         ~UnwindPrinter() {}
-
-
-private:
-       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
-       typedef typename A::P::E                                E;
-       typedef typename A::P::uint_t                   pint_t;
-       
-       class CStringEquals
-       {
-       public:
-               bool operator()(const char* left, const char* right) const { return (strcmp(left, right) == 0); }
-       };
-
-       typedef __gnu_cxx::hash_set<const char*, __gnu_cxx::hash<const char*>, CStringEquals>  StringSet;
-
-                                                                                               UnwindPrinter(const uint8_t* fileContent, uint32_t fileLength, 
-                                                                                                                               const char* path, bool showFunctionNames);
-       bool                                                                            findUnwindSection();
-       void                                                                            printUnwindSection(bool showFunctionNames);
-       void                                                                            printObjectUnwindSection(bool showFunctionNames);
-       void                                                                            getSymbolTableInfo();
-       const char*                                                                     functionName(pint_t addr, uint32_t* offset=NULL);
-       const char*                                                                     personalityName(const macho_relocation_info<typename A::P>* reloc);
-       bool                                                                            hasExernReloc(uint64_t sectionOffset, const char** personalityStr, pint_t* addr=NULL);
-
-       static const char*                                                      archName();
-       static void                                                                     decode(uint32_t encoding, const uint8_t* funcStart, char* str);
-               
-       const char*                                                                     fPath;
-       const macho_header<P>*                                          fHeader;
-       uint64_t                                                                        fLength;
-       const macho_section<P>*                                         fUnwindSection;
-       const char*                                                                     fStrings;
-       const char*                                                                     fStringsEnd;
-       const macho_nlist<P>*                                           fSymbols;
-       uint32_t                                                                        fSymbolCount;
-       pint_t                                                                          fMachHeaderAddress;
-};
-
-
-template <>     const char*    UnwindPrinter<x86>::archName()          { return "i386"; }
-template <>     const char*    UnwindPrinter<x86_64>::archName()       { return "x86_64"; }
-template <>     const char*    UnwindPrinter<arm>::archName()          { return "arm"; }
-
-
-template <>
-bool UnwindPrinter<x86>::validFile(const uint8_t* fileContent)
-{      
-       const macho_header<P>* header = (const macho_header<P>*)fileContent;
-       if ( header->magic() != MH_MAGIC )
-               return false;
-       if ( header->cputype() != CPU_TYPE_I386 )
-               return false;
-       switch (header->filetype()) {
-               case MH_EXECUTE:
-               case MH_DYLIB:
-               case MH_BUNDLE:
-               case MH_DYLINKER:
-               case MH_OBJECT:
-                       return true;
-       }
-       return false;
-}
-
-template <>
-bool UnwindPrinter<x86_64>::validFile(const uint8_t* fileContent)
-{      
-       const macho_header<P>* header = (const macho_header<P>*)fileContent;
-       if ( header->magic() != MH_MAGIC_64 )
-               return false;
-       if ( header->cputype() != CPU_TYPE_X86_64 )
-               return false;
-       switch (header->filetype()) {
-               case MH_EXECUTE:
-               case MH_DYLIB:
-               case MH_BUNDLE:
-               case MH_DYLINKER:
-               case MH_OBJECT:
-                       return true;
-       }
-       return false;
-}
-
-
-template <typename A>
-UnwindPrinter<A>::UnwindPrinter(const uint8_t* fileContent, uint32_t fileLength, const char* path, bool showFunctionNames)
- : fHeader(NULL), fLength(fileLength), fUnwindSection(NULL),
-   fStrings(NULL), fStringsEnd(NULL), fSymbols(NULL), fSymbolCount(0), fMachHeaderAddress(0)
-{
-       // sanity check
-       if ( ! validFile(fileContent) )
-               throw "not a mach-o file that can be checked";
-
-       fPath = strdup(path);
-       fHeader = (const macho_header<P>*)fileContent;
-       
-       getSymbolTableInfo();
-       
-       if ( findUnwindSection() ) {
-               if ( fHeader->filetype() == MH_OBJECT ) 
-                       printObjectUnwindSection(showFunctionNames);
-               else
-                       printUnwindSection(showFunctionNames);
-       }
-}
-
-
-template <typename A>
-void UnwindPrinter<A>::getSymbolTableInfo()
-{
-       const uint8_t* const endOfFile = (uint8_t*)fHeader + fLength;
-       const uint8_t* const endOfLoadCommands = (uint8_t*)fHeader + sizeof(macho_header<P>) + fHeader->sizeofcmds();
-       const uint32_t cmd_count = fHeader->ncmds();
-       const macho_load_command<P>* const cmds = (macho_load_command<P>*)((uint8_t*)fHeader + sizeof(macho_header<P>));
-       const macho_load_command<P>* cmd = cmds;
-       for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cmd_count; ++i) {
-               uint32_t size = cmd->cmdsize();
-               const uint8_t* endOfCmd = ((uint8_t*)cmd)+cmd->cmdsize();
-               if ( endOfCmd > endOfLoadCommands )
-                       throwf("load command #%d extends beyond the end of the load commands", i);
-               if ( endOfCmd > endOfFile )
-                       throwf("load command #%d extends beyond the end of the file", i);
-               if ( cmd->cmd() == LC_SYMTAB) {
-                       const macho_symtab_command<P>* symtab = (macho_symtab_command<P>*)cmd;
-                       fSymbolCount = symtab->nsyms();
-                       fSymbols = (const macho_nlist<P>*)((char*)fHeader + symtab->symoff());
-                       fStrings = (char*)fHeader + symtab->stroff();
-                       fStringsEnd = fStrings + symtab->strsize();
-               }
-               cmd = (const macho_load_command<P>*)endOfCmd;
-       }
-}
-
-template <typename A>
-const char* UnwindPrinter<A>::functionName(pint_t addr, uint32_t* offset)
-{
-       const macho_nlist<P>* closestSymbol = NULL;
-       if ( offset != NULL )
-               *offset = 0;
-       for (uint32_t i=0; i < fSymbolCount; ++i) {
-               uint8_t type = fSymbols[i].n_type();
-               if ( ((type & N_STAB) == 0) && ((type & N_TYPE) == N_SECT) ) {
-                       if ( fSymbols[i].n_value() == addr ) {
-                               const char* r = &fStrings[fSymbols[i].n_strx()];
-                               //fprintf(stderr, "addr=0x%08llX, i=%u, n_type=0x%0X, r=%s\n", (long long)(fSymbols[i].n_value()), i,  fSymbols[i].n_type(), r);
-                               return r;
-                       }
-                       else if ( offset != NULL ) {
-                               if ( closestSymbol == NULL ) {
-                                       if ( fSymbols[i].n_value() < addr )
-                                               closestSymbol = &fSymbols[i];
-                               }
-                               else {
-                                       if ( (fSymbols[i].n_value() < addr) && (fSymbols[i].n_value() > closestSymbol->n_value()) )
-                                               closestSymbol = &fSymbols[i];
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-       }
-       if ( closestSymbol != NULL ) {
-               *offset = addr - closestSymbol->n_value();
-               return &fStrings[closestSymbol->n_strx()];
-       }
-       return "--anonymous function--";
-}
-
-
-
-template <typename A>
-bool UnwindPrinter<A>::findUnwindSection()
-{
-       const char* unwindSectionName = "__unwind_info";
-       const char* unwindSegmentName = "__TEXT";
-       if ( fHeader->filetype() == MH_OBJECT ) {
-               unwindSectionName = "__compact_unwind";
-               unwindSegmentName = "__LD";
-       }
-       const uint8_t* const endOfFile = (uint8_t*)fHeader + fLength;
-       const uint8_t* const endOfLoadCommands = (uint8_t*)fHeader + sizeof(macho_header<P>) + fHeader->sizeofcmds();
-       const uint32_t cmd_count = fHeader->ncmds();
-       const macho_load_command<P>* const cmds = (macho_load_command<P>*)((uint8_t*)fHeader + sizeof(macho_header<P>));
-       const macho_load_command<P>* cmd = cmds;
-       for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cmd_count; ++i) {
-               uint32_t size = cmd->cmdsize();
-               const uint8_t* endOfCmd = ((uint8_t*)cmd)+cmd->cmdsize();
-               if ( endOfCmd > endOfLoadCommands )
-                       throwf("load command #%d extends beyond the end of the load commands", i);
-               if ( endOfCmd > endOfFile )
-                       throwf("load command #%d extends beyond the end of the file", i);
-               if ( cmd->cmd() == macho_segment_command<P>::CMD ) {
-                       const macho_segment_command<P>* segCmd = (const macho_segment_command<P>*)cmd;
-                       const macho_section<P>* const sectionsStart = (macho_section<P>*)((char*)segCmd + sizeof(macho_segment_command<P>));
-                       const macho_section<P>* const sectionsEnd = &sectionsStart[segCmd->nsects()];
-                       for(const macho_section<P>* sect = sectionsStart; sect < sectionsEnd; ++sect) {
-                               if ( (strncmp(sect->sectname(), unwindSectionName, 16) == 0) && (strcmp(sect->segname(), unwindSegmentName) == 0) ) {
-                                       fUnwindSection = sect;
-                                       fMachHeaderAddress = segCmd->vmaddr();
-                                       return fUnwindSection;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               cmd = (const macho_load_command<P>*)endOfCmd;
-       }
-       return false;
-}
-       
-#define EXTRACT_BITS(value, mask) \
-       ( (value >> __builtin_ctz(mask)) & (((1 << __builtin_popcount(mask)))-1) )
-
-
-template <>
-void UnwindPrinter<x86_64>::decode(uint32_t encoding, const uint8_t* funcStart, char* str)
-{
-       *str = '\0';
-       switch ( encoding & UNWIND_X86_64_MODE_MASK ) {
-               case UNWIND_X86_64_MODE_RBP_FRAME:
-               {
-                       uint32_t savedRegistersOffset = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_64_RBP_FRAME_OFFSET);
-                       uint32_t savedRegistersLocations = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_64_RBP_FRAME_REGISTERS);
-                       if ( savedRegistersLocations == 0 ) {
-                               strcpy(str, "rbp frame, no saved registers");
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               sprintf(str, "rbp frame, at -%d:", savedRegistersOffset*8);
-                               bool needComma = false;
-                               for (int i=0; i < 5; ++i) {
-                                       if ( needComma ) 
-                                               strcat(str, ",");
-                                       else
-                                               needComma = true;
-                                       switch (savedRegistersLocations & 0x7) {
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_NONE:
-                                                       strcat(str, "-");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_RBX:
-                                                       strcat(str, "rbx");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_R12:
-                                                       strcat(str, "r12");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_R13:
-                                                       strcat(str, "r13");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_R14:
-                                                       strcat(str, "r14");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_R15:
-                                                       strcat(str, "r15");
-                                                       break;
-                                               default:
-                                                       strcat(str, "r?");
-                                       }
-                                       savedRegistersLocations = (savedRegistersLocations >> 3);
-                                       if ( savedRegistersLocations == 0 )
-                                               break;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               break;
-               case UNWIND_X86_64_MODE_STACK_IMMD:
-               case UNWIND_X86_64_MODE_STACK_IND:
-               {
-                       uint32_t stackSize = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_64_FRAMELESS_STACK_SIZE);
-                       uint32_t stackAdjust = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_64_FRAMELESS_STACK_ADJUST);
-                       uint32_t regCount = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_64_FRAMELESS_STACK_REG_COUNT);
-                       uint32_t permutation = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_64_FRAMELESS_STACK_REG_PERMUTATION);
-                       if ( (encoding & UNWIND_X86_64_MODE_MASK) == UNWIND_X86_64_MODE_STACK_IND ) {
-                               // stack size is encoded in subl $xxx,%esp instruction
-                               uint32_t subl = x86_64::P::E::get32(*((uint32_t*)(funcStart+stackSize)));
-                               sprintf(str, "stack size=0x%08X, ", subl + 8*stackAdjust);
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               sprintf(str, "stack size=%d, ", stackSize*8);
-                       }
-                       if ( regCount == 0 ) {
-                               strcat(str, "no registers saved");
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               int permunreg[6];
-                               switch ( regCount ) {
-                                       case 6:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation/120;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[0]*120);
-                                               permunreg[1] = permutation/24;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[1]*24);
-                                               permunreg[2] = permutation/6;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[2]*6);
-                                               permunreg[3] = permutation/2;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[3]*2);
-                                               permunreg[4] = permutation;
-                                               permunreg[5] = 0;
-                                               break;
-                                       case 5:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation/120;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[0]*120);
-                                               permunreg[1] = permutation/24;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[1]*24);
-                                               permunreg[2] = permutation/6;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[2]*6);
-                                               permunreg[3] = permutation/2;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[3]*2);
-                                               permunreg[4] = permutation;
-                                               break;
-                                       case 4:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation/60;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[0]*60);
-                                               permunreg[1] = permutation/12;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[1]*12);
-                                               permunreg[2] = permutation/3;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[2]*3);
-                                               permunreg[3] = permutation;
-                                               break;
-                                       case 3:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation/20;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[0]*20);
-                                               permunreg[1] = permutation/4;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[1]*4);
-                                               permunreg[2] = permutation;
-                                               break;
-                                       case 2:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation/5;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[0]*5);
-                                               permunreg[1] = permutation;
-                                               break;
-                                       case 1:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation;
-                                               break;
-                               }
-                               // renumber registers back to standard numbers
-                               int registers[6];
-                               bool used[7] = { false, false, false, false, false, false, false };
-                               for (int i=0; i < regCount; ++i) {
-                                       int renum = 0; 
-                                       for (int u=1; u < 7; ++u) {
-                                               if ( !used[u] ) {
-                                                       if ( renum == permunreg[i] ) {
-                                                               registers[i] = u;
-                                                               used[u] = true;
-                                                               break;
-                                                       }
-                                                       ++renum;
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               bool needComma = false;
-                               for (int i=0; i < regCount; ++i) {
-                                       if ( needComma ) 
-                                               strcat(str, ",");
-                                       else
-                                               needComma = true;
-                                       switch ( registers[i] ) {
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_RBX:
-                                                       strcat(str, "rbx");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_R12:
-                                                       strcat(str, "r12");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_R13:
-                                                       strcat(str, "r13");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_R14:
-                                                       strcat(str, "r14");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_R15:
-                                                       strcat(str, "r15");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_64_REG_RBP:
-                                                       strcat(str, "rbp");
-                                                       break;
-                                               default:
-                                                       strcat(str, "r??");
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               break;
-               case UNWIND_X86_64_MODE_DWARF:
-                       sprintf(str, "dwarf offset 0x%08X, ", encoding & UNWIND_X86_64_DWARF_SECTION_OFFSET);
-                       break;
-               default:
-                       if ( encoding == 0 )
-                               strcat(str, "no unwind information");
-                       else
-                               strcat(str, "tbd ");
-       }
-       if ( encoding & UNWIND_HAS_LSDA ) {
-               strcat(str, " LSDA");
-       }
-
-}
-
-template <>
-void UnwindPrinter<x86>::decode(uint32_t encoding, const uint8_t* funcStart, char* str)
-{
-       *str = '\0';
-       switch ( encoding & UNWIND_X86_MODE_MASK ) {
-               case UNWIND_X86_MODE_EBP_FRAME:
-               {
-                       uint32_t savedRegistersOffset = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_EBP_FRAME_OFFSET);
-                       uint32_t savedRegistersLocations = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_EBP_FRAME_REGISTERS);
-                       if ( savedRegistersLocations == 0 ) {
-                               strcpy(str, "ebp frame, no saved registers");
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               sprintf(str, "ebp frame, at -%d:", savedRegistersOffset*4);
-                               bool needComma = false;
-                               for (int i=0; i < 5; ++i) {
-                                       if ( needComma ) 
-                                               strcat(str, ",");
-                                       else
-                                               needComma = true;
-                                       switch (savedRegistersLocations & 0x7) {
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_NONE:
-                                                       strcat(str, "-");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_EBX:
-                                                       strcat(str, "ebx");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_ECX:
-                                                       strcat(str, "ecx");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_EDX:
-                                                       strcat(str, "edx");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_EDI:
-                                                       strcat(str, "edi");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_ESI:
-                                                       strcat(str, "esi");
-                                                       break;
-                                               default:
-                                                       strcat(str, "e??");
-                                       }
-                                       savedRegistersLocations = (savedRegistersLocations >> 3);
-                                       if ( savedRegistersLocations == 0 )
-                                               break;
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               break;
-               case UNWIND_X86_MODE_STACK_IMMD:
-               case UNWIND_X86_MODE_STACK_IND:
-               {
-                       uint32_t stackSize = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_FRAMELESS_STACK_SIZE);
-                       uint32_t stackAdjust = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_FRAMELESS_STACK_ADJUST);
-                       uint32_t regCount = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_FRAMELESS_STACK_REG_COUNT);
-                       uint32_t permutation = EXTRACT_BITS(encoding, UNWIND_X86_FRAMELESS_STACK_REG_PERMUTATION);
-                       if ( (encoding & UNWIND_X86_MODE_MASK) == UNWIND_X86_MODE_STACK_IND ) {
-                               // stack size is encoded in subl $xxx,%esp instruction
-                               uint32_t subl = x86::P::E::get32(*((uint32_t*)(funcStart+stackSize)));
-                               sprintf(str, "stack size=0x%08X, ", subl+4*stackAdjust);
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               sprintf(str, "stack size=%d, ", stackSize*4);
-                       }
-                       if ( regCount == 0 ) {
-                               strcat(str, "no saved regs");
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               int permunreg[6];
-                               switch ( regCount ) {
-                                       case 6:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation/120;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[0]*120);
-                                               permunreg[1] = permutation/24;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[1]*24);
-                                               permunreg[2] = permutation/6;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[2]*6);
-                                               permunreg[3] = permutation/2;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[3]*2);
-                                               permunreg[4] = permutation;
-                                               permunreg[5] = 0;
-                                               break;
-                                       case 5:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation/120;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[0]*120);
-                                               permunreg[1] = permutation/24;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[1]*24);
-                                               permunreg[2] = permutation/6;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[2]*6);
-                                               permunreg[3] = permutation/2;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[3]*2);
-                                               permunreg[4] = permutation;
-                                               break;
-                                       case 4:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation/60;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[0]*60);
-                                               permunreg[1] = permutation/12;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[1]*12);
-                                               permunreg[2] = permutation/3;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[2]*3);
-                                               permunreg[3] = permutation;
-                                               break;
-                                       case 3:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation/20;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[0]*20);
-                                               permunreg[1] = permutation/4;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[1]*4);
-                                               permunreg[2] = permutation;
-                                               break;
-                                       case 2:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation/5;
-                                               permutation -= (permunreg[0]*5);
-                                               permunreg[1] = permutation;
-                                               break;
-                                       case 1:
-                                               permunreg[0] = permutation;
-                                               break;
-                               }
-                               // renumber registers back to standard numbers
-                               int registers[6];
-                               bool used[7] = { false, false, false, false, false, false, false };
-                               for (int i=0; i < regCount; ++i) {
-                                       int renum = 0; 
-                                       for (int u=1; u < 7; ++u) {
-                                               if ( !used[u] ) {
-                                                       if ( renum == permunreg[i] ) {
-                                                               registers[i] = u;
-                                                               used[u] = true;
-                                                               break;
-                                                       }
-                                                       ++renum;
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               bool needComma = false;
-                               for (int i=0; i < regCount; ++i) {
-                                       if ( needComma ) 
-                                               strcat(str, ",");
-                                       else
-                                               needComma = true;
-                                       switch ( registers[i] ) {
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_EBX:
-                                                       strcat(str, "ebx");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_ECX:
-                                                       strcat(str, "ecx");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_EDX:
-                                                       strcat(str, "edx");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_EDI:
-                                                       strcat(str, "edi");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_ESI:
-                                                       strcat(str, "esi");
-                                                       break;
-                                               case UNWIND_X86_REG_EBP:
-                                                       strcat(str, "ebp");
-                                                       break;
-                                               default:
-                                                       strcat(str, "e??");
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               break;
-               case UNWIND_X86_MODE_DWARF:
-                       sprintf(str, "dwarf offset 0x%08X, ", encoding & UNWIND_X86_DWARF_SECTION_OFFSET);
-                       break;
-               default:
-                       if ( encoding == 0 )
-                               strcat(str, "no unwind information");
-                       else
-                               strcat(str, "tbd ");
-       }
-       if ( encoding & UNWIND_HAS_LSDA ) {
-               strcat(str, " LSDA");
-       }
-
-}
-
-
-
-template <>
-const char* UnwindPrinter<x86_64>::personalityName(const macho_relocation_info<x86_64::P>* reloc)
-{
-       //assert(reloc->r_extern() && "reloc not extern on personality column in __compact_unwind section");
-       //assert((reloc->r_type() == X86_64_RELOC_UNSIGNED) && "wrong reloc type on personality column in __compact_unwind section");
-       const macho_nlist<P>& sym = fSymbols[reloc->r_symbolnum()];
-       return &fStrings[sym.n_strx()];
-}
-
-template <>
-const char* UnwindPrinter<x86>::personalityName(const macho_relocation_info<x86::P>* reloc)
-{
-       //assert(reloc->r_extern() && "reloc not extern on personality column in __compact_unwind section");
-       //assert((reloc->r_type() == GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA) && "wrong reloc type on personality column in __compact_unwind section");
-       const macho_nlist<P>& sym = fSymbols[reloc->r_symbolnum()];
-       return &fStrings[sym.n_strx()];
-}
-
-template <typename A>
-bool UnwindPrinter<A>::hasExernReloc(uint64_t sectionOffset, const char** personalityStr, pint_t* addr)
-{
-       const macho_relocation_info<P>* relocs = (macho_relocation_info<P>*)((uint8_t*)fHeader + fUnwindSection->reloff());
-       const macho_relocation_info<P>* relocsEnd = &relocs[fUnwindSection->nreloc()];
-       for (const macho_relocation_info<P>* reloc = relocs; reloc < relocsEnd; ++reloc) {
-               if ( reloc->r_extern() && (reloc->r_address() == sectionOffset) ) {
-                       *personalityStr = this->personalityName(reloc);
-                       if ( addr != NULL )
-                               *addr = fSymbols[reloc->r_symbolnum()].n_value();
-                       return true;
-               }
-       }
-       return false;
-}
-
-
-template <typename A>
-void UnwindPrinter<A>::printObjectUnwindSection(bool showFunctionNames)
-{
-       printf("Arch: %s, Section: __LD,__compact_unwind (size=0x%08llX, => %lld entries)\n", 
-                               archName(), fUnwindSection->size(), fUnwindSection->size() / sizeof(macho_compact_unwind_entry<P>));
-       
-       const macho_compact_unwind_entry<P>* const entriesStart = (macho_compact_unwind_entry<P>*)((uint8_t*)fHeader + fUnwindSection->offset());
-       const macho_compact_unwind_entry<P>* const entriesEnd = (macho_compact_unwind_entry<P>*)((uint8_t*)fHeader + fUnwindSection->offset() + fUnwindSection->size());
-       for (const macho_compact_unwind_entry<P>* entry=entriesStart; entry < entriesEnd; ++entry) {
-               uint64_t entryAddress = ((char*)entry - (char*)entriesStart) + fUnwindSection->addr();
-               printf("0x%08llX:\n", entryAddress);
-               const char* functionNameStr;
-               pint_t funcAddress;
-               uint32_t offsetInFunction;
-               if ( hasExernReloc(((char*)entry-(char*)entriesStart)+macho_compact_unwind_entry<P>::codeStartFieldOffset(), &functionNameStr, &funcAddress) ) {
-                       offsetInFunction = entry->codeStart();
-               }
-               else {
-                       functionNameStr = this->functionName(entry->codeStart(), &offsetInFunction);
-               }
-               if ( offsetInFunction == 0 )
-                       printf("  start:        0x%08llX   %s\n", (uint64_t)funcAddress, functionNameStr);
-               else
-                       printf("  start:        0x%08llX   %s+0x%X\n", (uint64_t)funcAddress+offsetInFunction, functionNameStr, offsetInFunction);
-               
-               printf("  end:          0x%08llX   (len=0x%08X)\n", (uint64_t)(funcAddress+offsetInFunction+entry->codeLen()), entry->codeLen());
-               
-               char encodingString[200];
-               this->decode(entry->compactUnwindInfo(), ((const uint8_t*)fHeader), encodingString);
-               printf("  unwind info:  0x%08X   %s\n", entry->compactUnwindInfo(), encodingString);
-               
-               const char* personalityNameStr;
-               if ( hasExernReloc(((char*)entry-(char*)entriesStart)+macho_compact_unwind_entry<P>::personalityFieldOffset(), &personalityNameStr) ) {
-                       printf("  personality:              %s\n", personalityNameStr);
-               }
-               else {
-                       printf("  personality:\n");
-               }
-               if ( entry->lsda() == 0 ) {
-                       printf("  lsda:\n");
-               }
-               else {
-                       uint32_t lsdaOffset;
-                       const char* lsdaName = this->functionName(entry->lsda(), &lsdaOffset);
-                       if ( lsdaOffset == 0 )
-                               printf("  lsda:         0x%08llX  %s\n", (uint64_t)entry->lsda(), lsdaName);
-                       else
-                               printf("  lsda:         0x%08llX  %s+0x%X\n", (uint64_t)entry->lsda(), lsdaName, lsdaOffset);
-               }
-       }
-       
-}
-
-
-
-template <typename A>
-void UnwindPrinter<A>::printUnwindSection(bool showFunctionNames)
-{
-       const uint8_t* sectionContent = (uint8_t*)fHeader + fUnwindSection->offset();
-       macho_unwind_info_section_header<P>* sectionHeader = (macho_unwind_info_section_header<P>*)(sectionContent);
-       
-       printf("Arch: %s, Section: __TEXT,__unwind_info (addr=0x%08llX, size=0x%08llX, fileOffset=0x%08X)\n", 
-                               archName(), fUnwindSection->addr(), fUnwindSection->size(), fUnwindSection->offset());
-       printf("\tversion=0x%08X\n", sectionHeader->version());
-       printf("\tcommonEncodingsArraySectionOffset=0x%08X\n", sectionHeader->commonEncodingsArraySectionOffset());
-       printf("\tcommonEncodingsArrayCount=0x%08X\n", sectionHeader->commonEncodingsArrayCount());
-       printf("\tpersonalityArraySectionOffset=0x%08X\n", sectionHeader->personalityArraySectionOffset());
-       printf("\tpersonalityArrayCount=0x%08X\n", sectionHeader->personalityArrayCount());
-       printf("\tindexSectionOffset=0x%08X\n", sectionHeader->indexSectionOffset());
-       printf("\tindexCount=0x%08X\n", sectionHeader->indexCount());
-       printf("\tcommon encodings: (count=%u)\n", sectionHeader->commonEncodingsArrayCount());
-       const uint32_t* commonEncodings = (uint32_t*)&sectionContent[sectionHeader->commonEncodingsArraySectionOffset()];
-       for (uint32_t i=0; i < sectionHeader->commonEncodingsArrayCount(); ++i) {
-               printf("\t\tencoding[%3u]=0x%08X\n", i, A::P::E::get32(commonEncodings[i]));
-       }
-       printf("\tpersonalities: (count=%u)\n", sectionHeader->personalityArrayCount());
-       const uint32_t* personalityArray = (uint32_t*)&sectionContent[sectionHeader->personalityArraySectionOffset()];
-       for (uint32_t i=0; i < sectionHeader->personalityArrayCount(); ++i) {
-               printf("\t\t[%2u]=0x%08X\n", i+1, A::P::E::get32(personalityArray[i]));
-       }
-       printf("\tfirst level index: (count=%u)\n", sectionHeader->indexCount());
-       macho_unwind_info_section_header_index_entry<P>* indexes = (macho_unwind_info_section_header_index_entry<P>*)&sectionContent[sectionHeader->indexSectionOffset()];
-       for (uint32_t i=0; i < sectionHeader->indexCount(); ++i) {
-               printf("\t\t[%2u] funcOffset=0x%08X, pageOffset=0x%08X, lsdaOffset=0x%08X\n", 
-                                       i, indexes[i].functionOffset(), indexes[i].secondLevelPagesSectionOffset(), indexes[i].lsdaIndexArraySectionOffset());
-       }
-       uint32_t lsdaIndexArraySectionOffset = indexes[0].lsdaIndexArraySectionOffset();
-       uint32_t lsdaIndexArrayEndSectionOffset = indexes[sectionHeader->indexCount()-1].lsdaIndexArraySectionOffset();
-       uint32_t lsdaIndexArrayCount = (lsdaIndexArrayEndSectionOffset-lsdaIndexArraySectionOffset)/sizeof(macho_unwind_info_section_header_lsda_index_entry<P>);
-       printf("\tLSDA table: (section offset 0x%08X, count=%u)\n", lsdaIndexArraySectionOffset, lsdaIndexArrayCount);
-       macho_unwind_info_section_header_lsda_index_entry<P>* lindex = (macho_unwind_info_section_header_lsda_index_entry<P>*)&sectionContent[lsdaIndexArraySectionOffset];
-       for (uint32_t i=0; i < lsdaIndexArrayCount; ++i) {
-               const char* name = showFunctionNames ? functionName(lindex[i].functionOffset()+fMachHeaderAddress) : "";
-               printf("\t\t[%3u] funcOffset=0x%08X, lsdaOffset=0x%08X,  %s\n", i, lindex[i].functionOffset(), lindex[i].lsdaOffset(), name);
-               if ( *(((uint8_t*)fHeader) + lindex[i].lsdaOffset()) != 0xFF )
-                       fprintf(stderr, "BAD LSDA entry (does not start with 0xFF) for %s\n", functionName(lindex[i].functionOffset()+fMachHeaderAddress));
-       }
-       for (uint32_t i=0; i < sectionHeader->indexCount()-1; ++i) {
-               printf("\tsecond level index[%u] sectionOffset=0x%08X, count=%u, fileOffset=0x%08X\n", i, indexes[i].secondLevelPagesSectionOffset(), 
-                               sectionHeader->indexCount(), fUnwindSection->offset()+indexes[i].secondLevelPagesSectionOffset());
-               macho_unwind_info_regular_second_level_page_header<P>* page = (macho_unwind_info_regular_second_level_page_header<P>*)&sectionContent[indexes[i].secondLevelPagesSectionOffset()];
-               if ( page->kind() == UNWIND_SECOND_LEVEL_REGULAR ) {
-                       printf("\t\tkind=UNWIND_SECOND_LEVEL_REGULAR\n");
-                       printf("\t\tentryPageOffset=0x%08X\n", page->entryPageOffset());
-                       printf("\t\tentryCount=0x%08X\n", page->entryCount());
-                       const macho_unwind_info_regular_second_level_entry<P>* entry = (macho_unwind_info_regular_second_level_entry<P>*)((char*)page+page->entryPageOffset());
-                       for (uint32_t j=0; j < page->entryCount(); ++j) {
-                               uint32_t funcOffset = entry[j].functionOffset();
-                               if ( entry[j].encoding() & UNWIND_HAS_LSDA ) {
-                                       // verify there is a corresponding entry in lsda table
-                                       bool found = false;
-                                       for (uint32_t k=0; k < lsdaIndexArrayCount; ++k) {
-                                               if ( lindex[k].functionOffset() == funcOffset ) {
-                                                       found = true;
-                                                       break;
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                                       if ( !found ) {
-                                               fprintf(stderr, "MISSING LSDA entry for %s\n", functionName(funcOffset+fMachHeaderAddress));
-                                       }
-                               } 
-                               char encodingString[100];
-                               decode(entry[j].encoding(), ((const uint8_t*)fHeader)+funcOffset, encodingString);
-                               const char* name = showFunctionNames ? functionName(funcOffset+fMachHeaderAddress) : "";
-                               printf("\t\t\t[%3u] funcOffset=0x%08X, encoding=0x%08X (%-40s) %s\n", 
-                                       j, funcOffset, entry[j].encoding(), encodingString, name);
-                       }
-               }
-               else if ( page->kind() == UNWIND_SECOND_LEVEL_COMPRESSED ) {
-                       macho_unwind_info_compressed_second_level_page_header<P>* cp = (macho_unwind_info_compressed_second_level_page_header<P>*)page;
-                       printf("\t\tkind=UNWIND_SECOND_LEVEL_COMPRESSED\n");
-                       printf("\t\tentryPageOffset=0x%08X\n", cp->entryPageOffset());
-                       printf("\t\tentryCount=0x%08X\n", cp->entryCount());
-                       printf("\t\tencodingsPageOffset=0x%08X\n", cp->encodingsPageOffset());
-                       printf("\t\tencodingsCount=0x%08X\n", cp->encodingsCount());
-                       const uint32_t* entries = (uint32_t*)(((uint8_t*)page)+cp->entryPageOffset());
-                       const uint32_t* encodings = (uint32_t*)(((uint8_t*)page)+cp->encodingsPageOffset());
-                       const uint32_t baseFunctionOffset = indexes[i].functionOffset();
-                       for (uint32_t j=0; j < cp->entryCount(); ++j) {
-                               uint8_t encodingIndex = UNWIND_INFO_COMPRESSED_ENTRY_ENCODING_INDEX(entries[j]);
-                               uint32_t encoding;
-                               if ( encodingIndex < sectionHeader->commonEncodingsArrayCount() )
-                                       encoding =  A::P::E::get32(commonEncodings[encodingIndex]);
-                               else
-                                       encoding =  A::P::E::get32(encodings[encodingIndex-sectionHeader->commonEncodingsArrayCount()]);
-                               char encodingString[100];
-                               uint32_t funcOff = UNWIND_INFO_COMPRESSED_ENTRY_FUNC_OFFSET(entries[j])+baseFunctionOffset;
-                               decode(encoding, ((const uint8_t*)fHeader)+funcOff, encodingString);
-                               const char* name = showFunctionNames ? functionName(funcOff+fMachHeaderAddress) : "";
-                               if ( encoding & UNWIND_HAS_LSDA ) {
-                                       // verify there is a corresponding entry in lsda table
-                                       bool found = false;
-                                       for (uint32_t k=0; k < lsdaIndexArrayCount; ++k) {
-                                               if ( lindex[k].functionOffset() == funcOff ) {
-                                                       found = true;
-                                                       break;
-                                               }
-                                       }
-                                       if ( !found ) {
-                                               fprintf(stderr, "MISSING LSDA entry for %s\n", name);
-                                       }
-                               } 
-                               printf("\t\t\t[%3u] funcOffset=0x%08X, encoding[%3u]=0x%08X (%-40s) %s\n", 
-                                       j, funcOff, encodingIndex, encoding, encodingString, name);
-                       }                                       
-               }
-               else {
-                       fprintf(stderr, "\t\tbad page header\n");
-               }
-       }
-
-}
-
-static void dump(const char* path, const std::set<cpu_type_t>& onlyArchs, bool showFunctionNames)
-{
-       struct stat stat_buf;
-       
-       try {
-               int fd = ::open(path, O_RDONLY, 0);
-               if ( fd == -1 )
-                       throw "cannot open file";
-               if ( ::fstat(fd, &stat_buf) != 0 ) 
-                       throwf("fstat(%s) failed, errno=%d\n", path, errno);
-               uint32_t length = stat_buf.st_size;
-               uint8_t* p = (uint8_t*)::mmap(NULL, stat_buf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_FILE | MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
-               if ( p == ((uint8_t*)(-1)) )
-                       throw "cannot map file";
-               ::close(fd);
-               const mach_header* mh = (mach_header*)p;
-               if ( mh->magic == OSSwapBigToHostInt32(FAT_MAGIC) ) {
-                       const struct fat_header* fh = (struct fat_header*)p;
-                       const struct fat_arch* archs = (struct fat_arch*)(p + sizeof(struct fat_header));
-                       for (unsigned long i=0; i < OSSwapBigToHostInt32(fh->nfat_arch); ++i) {
-                               size_t offset = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(archs[i].offset);
-                               size_t size = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(archs[i].size);
-                               unsigned int cputype = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(archs[i].cputype);
-                               if ( onlyArchs.count(cputype) ) {
-                                       switch(cputype) {
-                                       case CPU_TYPE_I386:
-                                               if ( UnwindPrinter<x86>::validFile(p + offset) )
-                                                       UnwindPrinter<x86>::make(p + offset, size, path, showFunctionNames);
-                                               else
-                                                       throw "in universal file, i386 slice does not contain i386 mach-o";
-                                               break;
-                                       case CPU_TYPE_X86_64:
-                                               if ( UnwindPrinter<x86_64>::validFile(p + offset) )
-                                                       UnwindPrinter<x86_64>::make(p + offset, size, path, showFunctionNames);
-                                               else
-                                                       throw "in universal file, x86_64 slice does not contain x86_64 mach-o";
-                                               break;
-                                       default:
-                                                       throwf("in universal file, unknown architecture slice 0x%x\n", cputype);
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-               else if ( UnwindPrinter<x86>::validFile(p) && onlyArchs.count(CPU_TYPE_I386) ) {
-                       UnwindPrinter<x86>::make(p, length, path, showFunctionNames);
-               }
-               else if ( UnwindPrinter<x86_64>::validFile(p) && onlyArchs.count(CPU_TYPE_X86_64) ) {
-                       UnwindPrinter<x86_64>::make(p, length, path, showFunctionNames);
-               }
-               else {
-                       throw "not a known file type";
-               }
-       }
-       catch (const char* msg) {
-               throwf("%s in %s", msg, path);
-       }
-}
-
-
-int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
-{
-       std::set<cpu_type_t> onlyArchs;
-       std::vector<const char*> files;
-       bool showFunctionNames = true;
-       
-       try {
-               for(int i=1; i < argc; ++i) {
-                       const char* arg = argv[i];
-                       if ( arg[0] == '-' ) {
-                               if ( strcmp(arg, "-arch") == 0 ) {
-                                       const char* arch = argv[++i];
-                                       if ( strcmp(arch, "i386") == 0 )
-                                               onlyArchs.insert(CPU_TYPE_I386);
-                                       else if ( strcmp(arch, "x86_64") == 0 )
-                                               onlyArchs.insert(CPU_TYPE_X86_64);
-                                       else 
-                                               throwf("unknown architecture %s", arch);
-                               }
-                               else if ( strcmp(arg, "-no_symbols") == 0 ) {
-                                       showFunctionNames = false;
-                               }
-                               else {
-                                       throwf("unknown option: %s\n", arg);
-                               }
-                       }
-                       else {
-                               files.push_back(arg);
-                       }
-               }
-               
-               // use all architectures if no restrictions specified
-               if ( onlyArchs.size() == 0 ) {
-                       onlyArchs.insert(CPU_TYPE_I386);
-                       onlyArchs.insert(CPU_TYPE_X86_64);
-               }
-               
-               // process each file
-               for(std::vector<const char*>::iterator it=files.begin(); it != files.end(); ++it) {
-                       dump(*it, onlyArchs, showFunctionNames);
-               }
-               
-       }
-       catch (const char* msg) {
-               fprintf(stderr, "UnwindDump failed: %s\n", msg);
-               return 1;
-       }
-       
-       return 0;
-}
-
-
-