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[apple/ld64.git] / FireOpal / src / MachOWriterExecutable.hpp
diff --git a/FireOpal/src/MachOWriterExecutable.hpp b/FireOpal/src/MachOWriterExecutable.hpp
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+/* -*- mode: C++; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2005-2008 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
+ *
+ * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
+ * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
+ * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
+ * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
+ * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
+ * file.
+ *
+ * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
+ * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
+ * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+ * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
+ */
+
+#ifndef __EXECUTABLE_MACH_O__
+#define __EXECUTABLE_MACH_O__
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <uuid/uuid.h>
+#include <mach/i386/thread_status.h>
+#include <mach/ppc/thread_status.h>
+#include <CommonCrypto/CommonDigest.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <ext/hash_map>
+
+#include "ObjectFile.h"
+#include "ExecutableFile.h"
+#include "Options.h"
+
+#include "MachOFileAbstraction.hpp"
+
+
+//
+//
+//     To implement architecture xxx, you must write template specializations for the following methods:
+//                     MachHeaderAtom<xxx>::setHeaderInfo()
+//                     ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<xxx>::getSize()
+//                     ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<xxx>::copyRawContent()
+//                     Writer<xxx>::addObjectRelocs()
+//                     Writer<xxx>::fixUpReferenceRelocatable()
+//                     Writer<xxx>::fixUpReferenceFinal()
+//                     Writer<xxx>::stubableReference()
+//                     Writer<xxx>::weakImportReferenceKind()
+//                     Writer<xxx>::GOTReferenceKind()
+//
+
+
+namespace mach_o {
+namespace executable {
+
+// forward references
+template <typename A> class WriterAtom;
+template <typename A> class PageZeroAtom;
+template <typename A> class CustomStackAtom;
+template <typename A> class MachHeaderAtom;
+template <typename A> class SegmentLoadCommandsAtom;
+template <typename A> class EncryptionLoadCommandsAtom;
+template <typename A> class SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom;
+template <typename A> class ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom;
+template <typename A> class DylibIDLoadCommandsAtom;
+template <typename A> class RoutinesLoadCommandsAtom;
+template <typename A> class DyldLoadCommandsAtom;
+template <typename A> class UUIDLoadCommandAtom;
+template <typename A> class LinkEditAtom;
+template <typename A> class SectionRelocationsLinkEditAtom;
+template <typename A> class LocalRelocationsLinkEditAtom;
+template <typename A> class ExternalRelocationsLinkEditAtom;
+template <typename A> class SymbolTableLinkEditAtom;
+template <typename A> class SegmentSplitInfoLoadCommandsAtom;
+template <typename A> class SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom;
+template <typename A> class IndirectTableLinkEditAtom;
+template <typename A> class ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom;
+template <typename A> class StringsLinkEditAtom;
+template <typename A> class LoadCommandsPaddingAtom;
+template <typename A> class StubAtom;
+template <typename A> class StubHelperAtom;
+template <typename A> class LazyPointerAtom;
+template <typename A> class NonLazyPointerAtom;
+template <typename A> class DylibLoadCommandsAtom;
+
+
+// SectionInfo should be nested inside Writer, but I can't figure out how to make the type accessible to the Atom classes
+class SectionInfo : public ObjectFile::Section {
+public:
+                                                                               SectionInfo() : fFileOffset(0), fSize(0), fRelocCount(0), fRelocOffset(0), 
+                                                                                                               fIndirectSymbolOffset(0), fAlignment(0), fAllLazyPointers(false), 
+                                                                                                               fAllLazyDylibPointers(false),fAllNonLazyPointers(false), fAllStubs(false),
+                                                                                                               fAllSelfModifyingStubs(false), fAllZeroFill(false), fVirtualSection(false),
+                                                                                                               fHasTextLocalRelocs(false), fHasTextExternalRelocs(false)
+                                                                                                               { fSegmentName[0] = '\0'; fSectionName[0] = '\0'; }
+       void                                                            setIndex(unsigned int index) { fIndex=index; }
+       std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>          fAtoms;
+       char                                                            fSegmentName[20];
+       char                                                            fSectionName[20];
+       uint64_t                                                        fFileOffset;
+       uint64_t                                                        fSize;
+       uint32_t                                                        fRelocCount;
+       uint32_t                                                        fRelocOffset;
+       uint32_t                                                        fIndirectSymbolOffset;
+       uint8_t                                                         fAlignment;
+       bool                                                            fAllLazyPointers;
+       bool                                                            fAllLazyDylibPointers;
+       bool                                                            fAllNonLazyPointers;
+       bool                                                            fAllStubs;
+       bool                                                            fAllSelfModifyingStubs;
+       bool                                                            fAllZeroFill;
+       bool                                                            fVirtualSection;
+       bool                                                            fHasTextLocalRelocs;
+       bool                                                            fHasTextExternalRelocs;
+};
+
+// SegmentInfo should be nested inside Writer, but I can't figure out how to make the type accessible to the Atom classes
+class SegmentInfo
+{
+public:
+                                                                               SegmentInfo() : fInitProtection(0), fMaxProtection(0), fFileOffset(0), fFileSize(0),
+                                                                                                               fBaseAddress(0), fSize(0), fFixedAddress(false), 
+                                                                                                               fIndependentAddress(false) { fName[0] = '\0'; }
+       std::vector<class SectionInfo*>         fSections;
+       char                                                            fName[20];
+       uint32_t                                                        fInitProtection;
+       uint32_t                                                        fMaxProtection;
+       uint64_t                                                        fFileOffset;
+       uint64_t                                                        fFileSize;
+       uint64_t                                                        fBaseAddress;
+       uint64_t                                                        fSize;
+       bool                                                            fFixedAddress;
+       bool                                                            fIndependentAddress;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class Writer : public ExecutableFile::Writer
+{
+public:
+       Writer(const char* path, Options& options, std::vector<ExecutableFile::DyLibUsed>& dynamicLibraries);
+       virtual                                         ~Writer();
+
+       virtual const char*                                                             getPath()                                                               { return fFilePath; }
+       virtual time_t                                                                  getModificationTime()                                   { return 0; }
+       virtual DebugInfoKind                                                   getDebugInfoKind()                                              { return ObjectFile::Reader::kDebugInfoNone; }
+       virtual std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>&   getAtoms()                                                              { return fWriterSynthesizedAtoms; }
+       virtual std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>*   getJustInTimeAtomsFor(const char* name) { return NULL; }
+       virtual std::vector<Stab>*                                              getStabs()                                                              { return NULL; }
+
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom&                                               makeObjcInfoAtom(ObjectFile::Reader::ObjcConstraint objcContraint, 
+                                                                                                                                               bool objcReplacementClasses);
+       virtual class ObjectFile::Atom*                                 getUndefinedProxyAtom(const char* name);
+       virtual uint64_t                                                                write(std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>& atoms,
+                                                                                                                 std::vector<class ObjectFile::Reader::Stab>& stabs,
+                                                                                                                 class ObjectFile::Atom* entryPointAtom,
+                                                                                                                 class ObjectFile::Atom* dyldHelperAtom,
+                                                                                                                 class ObjectFile::Atom* dyldLazyDylibHelperAtom,
+                                                                                                                 bool createUUID, bool canScatter,
+                                                                                                                 ObjectFile::Reader::CpuConstraint cpuConstraint,
+                                                                                                                 bool biggerThanTwoGigs, bool overridesDylibWeakDefines);
+
+private:
+       typedef typename A::P                   P;
+       typedef typename A::P::uint_t   pint_t;
+
+       enum RelocKind { kRelocNone, kRelocInternal, kRelocExternal };
+
+       void                                            assignFileOffsets();
+       void                                            synthesizeStubs();
+       void                                            insertDummyStubs();
+       void                                            partitionIntoSections();
+       bool                                            addBranchIslands();
+       bool                                            addPPCBranchIslands();
+       bool                                            isBranch24Reference(uint8_t kind);
+       void                                            adjustLoadCommandsAndPadding();
+       void                                            createDynamicLinkerCommand();
+       void                                            createDylibCommands();
+       void                                            buildLinkEdit();
+       const char*                                     getArchString();
+       void                                            writeMap();
+       uint64_t                                        writeAtoms();
+       void                                            writeNoOps(int fd, uint32_t from, uint32_t to);
+       void                                            copyNoOps(uint8_t* from, uint8_t* to);
+       bool                                            segmentsCanSplitApart(const ObjectFile::Atom& from, const ObjectFile::Atom& to);
+       void                                            addCrossSegmentRef(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref);
+       void                                            collectExportedAndImportedAndLocalAtoms();
+       void                                            setNlistRange(std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>& atoms, uint32_t startIndex, uint32_t count);
+       void                                            addLocalLabel(ObjectFile::Atom& atom, uint32_t offsetInAtom, const char* name);
+       void                                            addGlobalLabel(ObjectFile::Atom& atom, uint32_t offsetInAtom, const char* name);
+       void                                            buildSymbolTable();
+       const char*                                     symbolTableName(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom);
+       void                                            setExportNlist(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, macho_nlist<P>* entry);
+       void                                            setImportNlist(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, macho_nlist<P>* entry);
+       void                                            setLocalNlist(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, macho_nlist<P>* entry);
+       void                                            copyNlistRange(const std::vector<macho_nlist<P> >& entries, uint32_t startIndex);
+       uint64_t                                        getAtomLoadAddress(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom);
+       uint8_t                                         ordinalForLibrary(ObjectFile::Reader* file);
+       bool                                            shouldExport(const ObjectFile::Atom& atom) const;
+       void                                            buildFixups();
+       void                                            adjustLinkEditSections();
+       void                                            buildObjectFileFixups();
+       void                                            buildExecutableFixups();
+       bool                                            preboundLazyPointerType(uint8_t* type);
+       uint64_t                                        relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(uint64_t address, const ObjectFile::Atom* atom) const;
+       void                                            fixUpReferenceFinal(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       void                                            fixUpReferenceRelocatable(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       void                                            fixUpReference_powerpc(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom,
+                                                                                                               uint8_t buffer[], bool finalLinkedImage) const;
+       uint32_t                                        symbolIndex(ObjectFile::Atom& atom);
+       bool                                            makesExternalRelocatableReference(ObjectFile::Atom& target) const;
+       uint32_t                                        addObjectRelocs(ObjectFile::Atom* atom, ObjectFile::Reference* ref);
+       uint32_t                                        addObjectRelocs_powerpc(ObjectFile::Atom* atom, ObjectFile::Reference* ref);
+       uint8_t                                         getRelocPointerSize();
+       uint64_t                                        maxAddress();
+       bool                                            stubableReference(const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref);
+       bool                                            GOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind);
+       bool                                            optimizableGOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind);
+       bool                                            weakImportReferenceKind(uint8_t kind);
+       unsigned int                            collectStabs();
+       uint64_t                                        valueForStab(const ObjectFile::Reader::Stab& stab);
+       uint32_t                                        stringOffsetForStab(const ObjectFile::Reader::Stab& stab);
+       uint8_t                                         sectionIndexForStab(const ObjectFile::Reader::Stab& stab);
+       void                                            addStabs(uint32_t startIndex);
+       RelocKind                                       relocationNeededInFinalLinkedImage(const ObjectFile::Atom& target) const;
+       bool                                            illegalRelocInFinalLinkedImage(const ObjectFile::Reference&);
+       bool                                            generatesLocalTextReloc(const ObjectFile::Reference&, const ObjectFile::Atom& atom, SectionInfo* curSection);
+       bool                                            generatesExternalTextReloc(const ObjectFile::Reference&, const ObjectFile::Atom& atom, SectionInfo* curSection);
+       bool                                            mightNeedPadSegment();
+       void                                            scanForAbsoluteReferences();
+       bool                                            needsModuleTable();
+       void                                            optimizeDylibReferences();
+       bool                                            indirectSymbolIsLocal(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref) const;
+
+       struct DirectLibrary {
+               class ObjectFile::Reader*       fLibrary;
+               bool                                            fWeak;
+               bool                                            fReExport;
+       };
+
+       friend class WriterAtom<A>;
+       friend class PageZeroAtom<A>;
+       friend class CustomStackAtom<A>;
+       friend class MachHeaderAtom<A>;
+       friend class SegmentLoadCommandsAtom<A>;
+       friend class EncryptionLoadCommandsAtom<A>;
+       friend class SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom<A>;
+       friend class ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<A>;
+       friend class DylibIDLoadCommandsAtom<A>;
+       friend class RoutinesLoadCommandsAtom<A>;
+       friend class DyldLoadCommandsAtom<A>;
+       friend class UUIDLoadCommandAtom<A>;
+       friend class LinkEditAtom<A>;
+       friend class SectionRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>;
+       friend class LocalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>;
+       friend class ExternalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>;
+       friend class SymbolTableLinkEditAtom<A>;
+       friend class SegmentSplitInfoLoadCommandsAtom<A>;
+       friend class SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom<A>;
+//     friend class IndirectTableLinkEditAtom<A>;
+       friend class ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom<A>;
+       friend class StringsLinkEditAtom<A>;
+       friend class LoadCommandsPaddingAtom<A>;
+       friend class StubAtom<A>;
+       friend class StubHelperAtom<A>;
+       friend class LazyPointerAtom<A>;
+       friend class NonLazyPointerAtom<A>;
+       friend class DylibLoadCommandsAtom<A>;
+
+       const char*                                                                             fFilePath;
+       Options&                                                                                fOptions;
+       std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>*                   fAllAtoms;
+       std::vector<class ObjectFile::Reader::Stab>*    fStabs;
+       class SectionInfo*                                                              fLoadCommandsSection;
+       class SegmentInfo*                                                              fLoadCommandsSegment;
+       class EncryptionLoadCommandsAtom<A>*                    fEncryptionLoadCommand;
+       class SegmentLoadCommandsAtom<A>*                               fSegmentCommands;
+       class SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom<A>*                   fSymbolTableCommands;
+       class LoadCommandsPaddingAtom<A>*                               fHeaderPadding;
+       class UUIDLoadCommandAtom<A>*                               fUUIDAtom;
+       std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>                    fWriterSynthesizedAtoms;
+       std::vector<SegmentInfo*>                                               fSegmentInfos;
+       class SegmentInfo*                                                              fPadSegmentInfo;
+       class ObjectFile::Atom*                                                 fEntryPoint;
+       class ObjectFile::Atom*                                                 fDyldHelper;
+       class ObjectFile::Atom*                                                 fDyldLazyDylibHelper;
+       std::map<class ObjectFile::Reader*, DylibLoadCommandsAtom<A>*>  fLibraryToLoadCommand;
+       std::map<class ObjectFile::Reader*, uint32_t>   fLibraryToOrdinal;
+       std::map<class ObjectFile::Reader*, class ObjectFile::Reader*>  fLibraryAliases;
+       std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>                    fExportedAtoms;
+       std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>                    fImportedAtoms;
+       std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>                    fLocalSymbolAtoms;
+       std::vector<macho_nlist<P> >                                    fLocalExtraLabels;
+       std::vector<macho_nlist<P> >                                    fGlobalExtraLabels;
+       class SectionRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>*                fSectionRelocationsAtom;
+       class LocalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>*                  fLocalRelocationsAtom;
+       class ExternalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>*               fExternalRelocationsAtom;
+       class SymbolTableLinkEditAtom<A>*                               fSymbolTableAtom;
+       class SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom<A>*                   fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom;
+       class IndirectTableLinkEditAtom<A>*                             fIndirectTableAtom;
+       class ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom<A>*                                fModuleInfoAtom;
+       class StringsLinkEditAtom<A>*                                   fStringsAtom;
+       class PageZeroAtom<A>*                                                  fPageZeroAtom;
+       macho_nlist<P>*                                                                 fSymbolTable;
+       std::vector<macho_relocation_info<P> >                  fSectionRelocs;
+       std::vector<macho_relocation_info<P> >                  fInternalRelocs;
+       std::vector<macho_relocation_info<P> >                  fExternalRelocs;
+       std::map<const ObjectFile::Atom*,ObjectFile::Atom*>     fStubsMap;
+       std::map<ObjectFile::Atom*,ObjectFile::Atom*>   fGOTMap;
+       std::vector<class StubAtom<A>*>                                 fAllSynthesizedStubs;
+       std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>                                  fAllSynthesizedStubHelpers;
+       std::vector<class LazyPointerAtom<A>*>                  fAllSynthesizedLazyPointers;
+       std::vector<class LazyPointerAtom<A>*>                  fAllSynthesizedLazyDylibPointers;
+       std::vector<class NonLazyPointerAtom<A>*>               fAllSynthesizedNonLazyPointers;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fSymbolTableCount;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fSymbolTableStabsCount;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fSymbolTableStabsStartIndex;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fSymbolTableLocalCount;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fSymbolTableLocalStartIndex;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fSymbolTableExportCount;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fSymbolTableExportStartIndex;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fSymbolTableImportCount;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fSymbolTableImportStartIndex;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fLargestAtomSize;
+       bool                                                                                    fEmitVirtualSections;
+       bool                                                                                    fHasWeakExports;
+       bool                                                                                    fReferencesWeakImports;
+       bool                                                                                    fCanScatter;
+       bool                                                                                    fWritableSegmentPastFirst4GB;
+       bool                                                                                    fNoReExportedDylibs;
+       bool                                                                                    fBiggerThanTwoGigs;
+       bool                                                                                    fSlideable;
+       std::map<const ObjectFile::Atom*,bool>                  fWeakImportMap;
+       std::set<const ObjectFile::Reader*>                             fDylibReadersWithNonWeakImports;
+       std::set<const ObjectFile::Reader*>                             fDylibReadersWithWeakImports;
+       SegmentInfo*                                                                    fFirstWritableSegment;
+       ObjectFile::Reader::CpuConstraint                               fCpuConstraint;
+       uint32_t                                                                                fAnonNameIndex;
+};
+
+
+class Segment : public ObjectFile::Segment
+{
+public:
+                                                               Segment(const char* name, bool readable, bool writable, bool executable, bool fixedAddress)
+                                                                                        : fName(name), fReadable(readable), fWritable(writable), fExecutable(executable), fFixedAddress(fixedAddress) {}
+       virtual const char*                     getName() const                                 { return fName; }
+       virtual bool                            isContentReadable() const               { return fReadable; }
+       virtual bool                            isContentWritable() const               { return fWritable; }
+       virtual bool                            isContentExecutable() const             { return fExecutable; }
+       virtual bool                            hasFixedAddress() const                 { return fFixedAddress; }
+       
+       static Segment                                                          fgTextSegment;
+       static Segment                                                          fgPageZeroSegment;
+       static Segment                                                          fgLinkEditSegment;
+       static Segment                                                          fgStackSegment;
+       static Segment                                                          fgImportSegment;
+       static Segment                                                          fgROImportSegment;
+       static Segment                                                          fgDataSegment;
+       static Segment                                                          fgObjCSegment;
+       
+       
+private:
+       const char*                                     fName;
+       const bool                                      fReadable;
+       const bool                                      fWritable;
+       const bool                                      fExecutable;
+       const bool                                      fFixedAddress;
+};
+
+Segment                Segment::fgPageZeroSegment("__PAGEZERO", false, false, false, true);
+Segment                Segment::fgTextSegment("__TEXT", true, false, true, false);
+Segment                Segment::fgLinkEditSegment("__LINKEDIT", true, false, false, false);
+Segment                Segment::fgStackSegment("__UNIXSTACK", true, true, false, true);
+Segment                Segment::fgImportSegment("__IMPORT", true, true, true, false);
+Segment                Segment::fgROImportSegment("__IMPORT", true, false, true, false);
+Segment                Segment::fgDataSegment("__DATA", true, true, false, false);
+Segment                Segment::fgObjCSegment("__OBJC", true, true, false, false);
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class WriterAtom : public ObjectFile::Atom
+{
+public:
+       enum Kind { zeropage, machHeaderApp, machHeaderDylib, machHeaderBundle, machHeaderObject, loadCommands, undefinedProxy };
+                                                                                       WriterAtom(Writer<A>& writer, Segment& segment) : fWriter(writer), fSegment(segment) { }
+
+       virtual ObjectFile::Reader*                             getFile() const                                 { return &fWriter; }
+       virtual bool                                                    getTranslationUnitSource(const char** dir, const char** name) const { return false; }
+       virtual const char*                                             getName() const                                 { return NULL; }
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const                  { return this->getName(); }
+       virtual Scope                                                   getScope() const                                { return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeTranslationUnit; }
+       virtual DefinitionKind                                  getDefinitionKind() const               { return kRegularDefinition; }
+       virtual SymbolTableInclusion                    getSymbolTableInclusion() const { return ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableNotIn; }
+       virtual bool                                                    dontDeadStrip() const                   { return true; }
+       virtual bool                                                    isZeroFill() const                              { return false; }
+       virtual bool                                                    isThumb() const                                 { return false; }
+       virtual std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  getReferences() const             { return fgEmptyReferenceList; }
+       virtual bool                                                    mustRemainInSection() const             { return true; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Segment&                    getSegment() const                              { return fSegment; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom&                               getFollowOnAtom() const                 { return *((ObjectFile::Atom*)NULL); }
+       virtual uint32_t                                                getOrdinal() const                              { return 0; }
+       virtual std::vector<ObjectFile::LineInfo>*      getLineInfo() const                     { return NULL; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Alignment                   getAlignment() const                    { return ObjectFile::Alignment(2); }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const { throw "don't use copyRawContent"; }
+       virtual void                                                    setScope(Scope)                                 { }
+
+
+protected:
+       virtual                                                                 ~WriterAtom() {}
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       typedef typename A::P::E                                E;
+
+       static std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>      fgEmptyReferenceList;
+
+       Writer<A>&                                                                      fWriter;
+       Segment&                                                                        fSegment;
+};
+
+template <typename A> std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>      WriterAtom<A>::fgEmptyReferenceList;
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class PageZeroAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       PageZeroAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : WriterAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgPageZeroSegment),
+                                                                                                                                                       fSize(fWriter.fOptions.zeroPageSize()) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "page zero content"; }
+       virtual bool                                                    isZeroFill() const              { return true; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const                 { return fSize; }
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._zeropage"; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Alignment                   getAlignment() const    { return ObjectFile::Alignment(12); }
+       void                                                                    setSize(uint64_t size)  { fSize = size; }
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       uint64_t                                                                fSize;
+};
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class DsoHandleAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                                       DsoHandleAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : WriterAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment) {}
+       virtual const char*                                                             getName() const                         { return "___dso_handle"; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::Scope                                 getScope() const                        { return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::SymbolTableInclusion  getSymbolTableInclusion() const { return ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableNotIn; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                                getSize() const                         { return 0; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Alignment                                   getAlignment() const            { return ObjectFile::Alignment(12); }
+       virtual const char*                                                             getSectionName() const          { return "._mach_header"; }
+       virtual void                                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const {}
+};
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class MachHeaderAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                                       MachHeaderAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : WriterAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment) {}
+       virtual const char*                                                             getName() const;
+       virtual const char*                                                             getDisplayName() const;
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::Scope                                 getScope() const;
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::SymbolTableInclusion  getSymbolTableInclusion() const;
+       virtual uint64_t                                                                getSize() const                         { return sizeof(macho_header<typename A::P>); }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Alignment                                   getAlignment() const            { return ObjectFile::Alignment(12); }
+       virtual const char*                                                             getSectionName() const          { return "._mach_header"; }
+       virtual uint32_t                                                                getOrdinal() const                      { return 1; }
+       virtual void                                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       void                                                                    setHeaderInfo(macho_header<typename A::P>& header) const;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class CustomStackAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       CustomStackAtom(Writer<A>& writer);
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "custom stack content"; }
+       virtual bool                                                    isZeroFill() const              { return true; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const                 { return fWriter.fOptions.customStackSize(); }
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._stack"; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Alignment                   getAlignment() const    { return ObjectFile::Alignment(12); }
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       static bool                                                             stackGrowsDown();
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class LoadCommandAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+protected:
+                                                                                       LoadCommandAtom(Writer<A>& writer, Segment& segment) : WriterAtom<A>(writer, segment), fOrdinal(fgCurrentOrdinal++) {}
+       virtual ObjectFile::Alignment                   getAlignment() const    { return ObjectFile::Alignment(log2(sizeof(typename A::P::uint_t))); }
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._load_commands"; }
+       virtual uint32_t                                                getOrdinal() const              { return fOrdinal; }
+       static uint64_t                                                 alignedSize(uint64_t size);
+protected:
+       uint32_t                                                                fOrdinal;
+       static uint32_t                                                 fgCurrentOrdinal;
+};
+
+template <typename A> uint32_t LoadCommandAtom<A>::fgCurrentOrdinal = 0;
+
+template <typename A>
+class SegmentLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       SegmentLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer)  
+                                                                                               : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fCommandCount(0), fSize(0) 
+                                                                                               { writer.fSegmentCommands = this; }
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "segment load commands"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const                 { return fSize; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+
+       void                                                                    computeSize();
+       void                                                                    setup();
+       unsigned int                                                    commandCount()                  { return fCommandCount; }
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       unsigned int                                                    fCommandCount;
+       uint32_t                                                                fSize;
+};
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>&);
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const { return "symbol table load commands"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       unsigned int                                                    commandCount();
+                       void                                                    needDynamicTable();
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       bool                                                                    fNeedsDynamicSymbolTable;
+       macho_symtab_command<typename A::P>             fSymbolTable;
+       macho_dysymtab_command<typename A::P>   fDynamicSymbolTable;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer) 
+                                                                                               : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const { return "thread load commands"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       uint8_t*                                                                fBuffer;
+       uint32_t                                                                fBufferSize;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class DyldLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       DyldLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer)  : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "dyld load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class SegmentSplitInfoLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       SegmentSplitInfoLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer)  : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "segment split info load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class AllowableClientLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+       AllowableClientLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer, const char* client)  :
+               LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), clientString(client) {}
+       virtual const char*                                                     getDisplayName() const  { return "allowable_client load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                        getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                            copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                           P;
+       const char*                                                                     clientString;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class DylibLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       DylibLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer, ExecutableFile::DyLibUsed& info) 
+                                                                                        : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fInfo(info), 
+                                                                                               fOptimizedAway(false) { if (fInfo.options.fLazyLoad) this->fOrdinal += 256; }
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "dylib load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       virtual void                                                    optimizeAway() { fOptimizedAway = true; }
+                       bool                                                    linkedWeak() { return fInfo.options.fWeakImport; }
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       ExecutableFile::DyLibUsed                               fInfo;
+       bool                                                                    fOptimizedAway;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class DylibIDLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       DylibIDLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const { return "dylib ID load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class RoutinesLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       RoutinesLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const { return "routines load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const                 { return sizeof(macho_routines_command<typename A::P>); }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class SubUmbrellaLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       SubUmbrellaLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer, const char* name) 
+                                                                                        : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fName(name) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "sub-umbrella load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       const char*                                                             fName;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class SubLibraryLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       SubLibraryLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer,  const char* nameStart, int nameLen)
+                                                                                               : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fNameStart(nameStart), fNameLength(nameLen) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "sub-library load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       const char*                                                             fNameStart;
+       int                                                                             fNameLength;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class UmbrellaLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       UmbrellaLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer, const char* name)
+                                                                                                       : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fName(name) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "umbrella load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       const char*                                                             fName;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class UUIDLoadCommandAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       UUIDLoadCommandAtom(Writer<A>& writer)
+                                                                                               : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fEmit(false) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "uuid load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const                 { return fEmit ? sizeof(macho_uuid_command<typename A::P>) : 0; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       virtual void                                                generate();
+                       void                                                setContent(const uint8_t uuid[16]);
+                       const uint8_t*                                  getUUID()                               { return fUUID; }
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       uuid_t                                                                  fUUID;
+       bool                                                                fEmit;
+};
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class RPathLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       RPathLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer, const char* path)
+                                                                                               : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fPath(path) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "rpath load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       const char*                                                             fPath;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class EncryptionLoadCommandsAtom : public LoadCommandAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       EncryptionLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer)
+                                                                                               : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fStartOffset(0),
+                                                                                                 fEndOffset(0) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "encryption info load command"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const { return sizeof(macho_encryption_info_command<typename A::P>); }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       void                                                                    setStartEncryptionOffset(uint32_t off) { fStartOffset = off; }
+       void                                                                    setEndEncryptionOffset(uint32_t off) { fEndOffset = off; }
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       uint32_t                                                                fStartOffset;
+       uint32_t                                                                fEndOffset;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class LoadCommandsPaddingAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       LoadCommandsPaddingAtom(Writer<A>& writer)
+                                                                                                       : WriterAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fSize(0) {}
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "header padding"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const                 { return fSize; }
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._load_cmds_pad"; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+
+       void                                                                    setSize(uint64_t newSize);
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       uint64_t                                                                fSize;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class LinkEditAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       LinkEditAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : WriterAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgLinkEditSegment), fOrdinal(fgCurrentOrdinal++) {}
+       uint64_t                                                                getFileOffset() const;
+       virtual ObjectFile::Alignment                   getAlignment() const    { return ObjectFile::Alignment(log2(sizeof(typename A::P::uint_t))); }
+       virtual uint32_t                                                getOrdinal() const              { return fOrdinal; }
+private:
+       uint32_t                                                                fOrdinal;
+       static uint32_t                                                 fgCurrentOrdinal;
+private:
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+};
+
+template <typename A> uint32_t LinkEditAtom<A>::fgCurrentOrdinal = 0;
+
+template <typename A>
+class SectionRelocationsLinkEditAtom : public LinkEditAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       SectionRelocationsLinkEditAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : LinkEditAtom<A>(writer) { }
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "section relocations"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._section_relocs"; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class LocalRelocationsLinkEditAtom : public LinkEditAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       LocalRelocationsLinkEditAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : LinkEditAtom<A>(writer) { }
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "local relocations"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._local_relocs"; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class SymbolTableLinkEditAtom : public LinkEditAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       SymbolTableLinkEditAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : LinkEditAtom<A>(writer) { }
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "symbol table"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._symbol_table"; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class ExternalRelocationsLinkEditAtom : public LinkEditAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       ExternalRelocationsLinkEditAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : LinkEditAtom<A>(writer) { }
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "external relocations"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._extern_relocs"; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+};
+
+struct IndirectEntry {
+       uint32_t        indirectIndex;
+       uint32_t        symbolIndex;
+};
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom : public LinkEditAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : LinkEditAtom<A>(writer), fCantEncode(false) { }
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "split segment info"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._split_info"; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       bool                                                                    canEncode()                                             { return !fCantEncode; }
+       void                                                                    setCantEncode()                                 { fCantEncode = true; }
+       void                                                                    add32bitPointerLocation(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, uint32_t offset) { fKind1Locations.push_back(AtomAndOffset(atom, offset)); }
+       void                                                                    add64bitPointerLocation(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, uint32_t offset) { fKind2Locations.push_back(AtomAndOffset(atom, offset)); }
+       void                                                                    addPPCHi16Location(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, uint32_t offset) { fKind3Locations.push_back(AtomAndOffset(atom, offset)); }
+       void                                                                    add32bitImportLocation(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, uint32_t offset) { fKind4Locations.push_back(AtomAndOffset(atom, offset)); }
+       void                                                                    encode();
+
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       typedef typename A::P::uint_t                   pint_t;
+       struct AtomAndOffset { 
+                       AtomAndOffset(const ObjectFile::Atom* a, uint32_t off) : atom(a), offset(off) {}
+                       const ObjectFile::Atom*         atom; 
+                       uint32_t                                        offset; 
+       };
+       void                                                                    uleb128EncodeAddresses(const std::vector<AtomAndOffset>& locations);
+       
+       std::vector<AtomAndOffset>                              fKind1Locations;
+       std::vector<AtomAndOffset>                              fKind2Locations;
+       std::vector<AtomAndOffset>                              fKind3Locations;
+       std::vector<AtomAndOffset>                              fKind4Locations;
+       std::vector<uint8_t>                                    fEncodedData;
+       bool                                                                    fCantEncode;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class IndirectTableLinkEditAtom : public LinkEditAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       IndirectTableLinkEditAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : LinkEditAtom<A>(writer) { }
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "indirect symbol table"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._indirect_syms"; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+
+       std::vector<IndirectEntry>                              fTable;
+
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom : public LinkEditAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom(Writer<A>& writer) : LinkEditAtom<A>(writer), fModuleNameOffset(0) { }
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "module table"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._module_info"; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+
+                       void                                                    setName() { fModuleNameOffset = fWriter.fStringsAtom->add("single module"); }
+                       uint32_t                                                getTableOfContentsFileOffset() const;
+                       uint32_t                                                getModuleTableFileOffset() const;
+                       uint32_t                                                getReferencesFileOffset() const;
+                       uint32_t                                                getReferencesCount() const;
+
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       uint32_t                                                                fModuleNameOffset;
+};
+
+
+class CStringEquals
+{
+public:
+       bool operator()(const char* left, const char* right) const { return (strcmp(left, right) == 0); }
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class StringsLinkEditAtom : public LinkEditAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       StringsLinkEditAtom(Writer<A>& writer);
+       virtual const char*                                             getDisplayName() const  { return "string pool"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const  { return "._string_pool"; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+
+       int32_t                                                                 add(const char* name);
+       int32_t                                                                 addUnique(const char* name);
+       int32_t                                                                 emptyString()                   { return 1; }
+       const char*                                                             stringForIndex(int32_t) const;
+
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       enum { kBufferSize = 0x01000000 };
+       typedef __gnu_cxx::hash_map<const char*, int32_t, __gnu_cxx::hash<const char*>, CStringEquals> StringToOffset;
+
+       std::vector<char*>                                              fFullBuffers;
+       char*                                                                   fCurrentBuffer;
+       uint32_t                                                                fCurrentBufferUsed;
+       StringToOffset                                                  fUniqueStrings;
+};
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class UndefinedSymbolProxyAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                                       UndefinedSymbolProxyAtom(Writer<A>& writer, const char* name) : WriterAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgLinkEditSegment), fName(name) {}
+       virtual const char*                                                             getName() const                         { return fName; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::Scope                                 getScope() const                        { return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeGlobal; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::DefinitionKind                getDefinitionKind() const       { return ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::SymbolTableInclusion  getSymbolTableInclusion() const { return ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableIn; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                                getSize() const                         { return 0; }
+       virtual const char*                                                             getSectionName() const          { return "._imports"; }
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       typedef typename A::P                                   P;
+       const char*                                                             fName;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class BranchIslandAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       BranchIslandAtom(Writer<A>& writer, const char* name, int islandRegion, ObjectFile::Atom& target, uint32_t targetOffset);
+       virtual const char*                                             getName() const                         { return fName; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::Scope                 getScope() const                        { return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const          { return "__text"; }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       const char*                                                             fName;
+       ObjectFile::Atom&                                               fTarget;
+       uint32_t                                                                fTargetOffset;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class StubAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       StubAtom(Writer<A>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, bool forLazyDylib);
+       virtual const char*                                             getName() const                         { return fName; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::Scope                 getScope() const                        { return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual ObjectFile::Alignment                   getAlignment() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const          { return "__symbol_stub1"; }
+       virtual std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  getReferences() const             { return (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&)(fReferences); }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       ObjectFile::Atom*                                               getTarget()                                     { return &fTarget; }
+private:
+       static const char*                                              stubName(const char* importName);
+       bool                                                                    pic() const                                     { return fWriter.fSlideable; }
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       const char*                                                             fName;
+       ObjectFile::Atom&                                               fTarget;
+       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>             fReferences;
+       bool                                                                    fForLazyDylib;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class StubHelperAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       StubHelperAtom(Writer<A>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, ObjectFile::Atom& lazyPointer, bool forLazyDylib);
+       virtual const char*                                             getName() const                         { return fName; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::Scope                 getScope() const                        { return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const;
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const          { return "__stub_helper"; }
+       virtual std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  getReferences() const     { return (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&)(fReferences); }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       ObjectFile::Atom*                                               getTarget()                                     { return &fTarget; }
+private:
+       static const char*                                              stubName(const char* importName);
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       const char*                                                             fName;
+       ObjectFile::Atom&                                               fTarget;
+       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>             fReferences;
+};
+
+template <typename A>
+class LazyPointerAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       LazyPointerAtom(Writer<A>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, 
+                                                                                                                       StubAtom<A>& stub, bool forLazyDylib);
+       virtual const char*                                             getName() const                         { return fName; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::Scope                 getScope() const                        { return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const                         { return sizeof(typename A::P::uint_t); }
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const          { return fForLazyDylib ? "__ld_symbol_ptr" : "__la_symbol_ptr"; }
+       virtual std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  getReferences() const             { return (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&)(fReferences); }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       ObjectFile::Atom*                                               getTarget()                                     { return &fExternalTarget; }
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       static const char*                                              lazyPointerName(const char* importName);
+       const char*                                                             fName;
+       ObjectFile::Atom&                                               fTarget;
+       ObjectFile::Atom&                                               fExternalTarget;
+       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>             fReferences;
+       bool                                                                    fForLazyDylib;
+};
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class NonLazyPointerAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       NonLazyPointerAtom(Writer<A>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target);
+       virtual const char*                                             getName() const                         { return fName; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::Scope                 getScope() const                        { return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const                         { return sizeof(typename A::P::uint_t); }
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const          { return "__nl_symbol_ptr"; }
+       virtual std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  getReferences() const             { return (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&)(fReferences); }
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+       ObjectFile::Atom*                                               getTarget()                                     { return &fTarget; }
+private:
+       using WriterAtom<A>::fWriter;
+       static const char*                                              nonlazyPointerName(const char* importName);
+       const char*                                                             fName;
+       ObjectFile::Atom&                                               fTarget;
+       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>             fReferences;
+};
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class ObjCInfoAtom : public WriterAtom<A>
+{
+public:
+                                                                                       ObjCInfoAtom(Writer<A>& writer, ObjectFile::Reader::ObjcConstraint objcContraint,
+                                                                                                               bool objcReplacementClasses);
+       virtual const char*                                             getName() const                         { return "objc$info"; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom::Scope                 getScope() const                        { return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit; }
+       virtual uint64_t                                                getSize() const                         { return 8; }
+       virtual const char*                                             getSectionName() const;
+       virtual void                                                    copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const;
+private:
+       Segment&                                                                getInfoSegment() const;
+       uint32_t                                                                fContent[2];
+};
+
+
+template <typename A>
+class WriterReference : public ObjectFile::Reference
+{
+public:
+       typedef typename A::ReferenceKinds                      Kinds;
+
+                                                       WriterReference(uint32_t offset, Kinds kind, ObjectFile::Atom* target,
+                                                                                       uint32_t toOffset=0, ObjectFile::Atom* fromTarget=NULL, uint32_t fromOffset=0)
+                                                                                 : fKind(kind), fFixUpOffsetInSrc(offset), fTarget(target),
+                                                                                       fTargetOffset(toOffset), fFromTarget(fromTarget), fFromTargetOffset(fromOffset) {}
+
+       virtual                                 ~WriterReference() {}
+
+       virtual ObjectFile::Reference::TargetBinding getTargetBinding() const { return ObjectFile::Reference::kBoundDirectly; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Reference::TargetBinding getFromTargetBinding() const { return (fFromTarget != NULL) ? ObjectFile::Reference::kBoundDirectly : ObjectFile::Reference::kDontBind; }
+       virtual uint8_t                 getKind() const                                                                 { return (uint8_t)fKind; }
+       virtual uint64_t                getFixUpOffset() const                                                  { return fFixUpOffsetInSrc; }
+       virtual const char*             getTargetName() const                                                   { return fTarget->getName(); }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom& getTarget() const                                                             { return *fTarget; }
+       virtual uint64_t                getTargetOffset() const                                                 { return fTargetOffset; }
+       virtual ObjectFile::Atom& getFromTarget() const                                                 { return *fFromTarget; }
+       virtual const char*             getFromTargetName() const                                               { return fFromTarget->getName(); }
+       virtual void                    setTarget(ObjectFile::Atom& target, uint64_t offset)    { fTarget = &target; fTargetOffset = offset; }
+       virtual void                    setFromTarget(ObjectFile::Atom& target)                 { fFromTarget = &target; }
+       virtual void                    setFromTargetName(const char* name)                             {  }
+       virtual void                    setFromTargetOffset(uint64_t offset)                    { fFromTargetOffset = offset; }
+       virtual const char*             getDescription() const                                                  { return "writer reference"; }
+       virtual uint64_t                getFromTargetOffset() const                                             { return fFromTargetOffset; }
+
+private:
+       Kinds                                   fKind;
+       uint32_t                                fFixUpOffsetInSrc;
+       ObjectFile::Atom*               fTarget;
+       uint32_t                                fTargetOffset;
+       ObjectFile::Atom*               fFromTarget;
+       uint32_t                                fFromTargetOffset;
+};
+
+
+
+template <>
+StubHelperAtom<x86_64>::StubHelperAtom(Writer<x86_64>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, 
+                                                                                                                       ObjectFile::Atom& lazyPointer, bool forLazyDylib)
+ : WriterAtom<x86_64>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fName(stubName(target.getName())), fTarget(target)
+{
+       writer.fAllSynthesizedStubHelpers.push_back(this);
+
+       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86_64>(3, x86_64::kPCRel32, &lazyPointer));
+       if ( forLazyDylib ) {
+               if ( writer.fDyldLazyDylibHelper == NULL )
+                       throw "symbol dyld_lazy_dylib_stub_binding_helper not defined (usually in lazydylib1.o)";
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86_64>(8, x86_64::kPCRel32, writer.fDyldLazyDylibHelper));
+       }
+       else {
+               if ( writer.fDyldHelper == NULL )
+                       throw "symbol dyld_stub_binding_helper not defined (usually in crt1.o/dylib1.o/bundle1.o)";
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86_64>(8, x86_64::kPCRel32, writer.fDyldHelper));
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t StubHelperAtom<x86_64>::getSize() const
+{
+       return 12;
+}
+
+template <>
+void StubHelperAtom<x86_64>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       buffer[0]  = 0x4C;              // lea foo$lazy_ptr(%rip),%r11
+       buffer[1]  = 0x8D;
+       buffer[2]  = 0x1D;
+       buffer[3]  = 0x00;
+       buffer[4]  = 0x00;
+       buffer[5]  = 0x00;
+       buffer[6]  = 0x00;
+       buffer[7]  = 0xE9;              // jmp dyld_stub_binding_helper
+       buffer[8]  = 0x00;
+       buffer[9]  = 0x00;
+       buffer[10] = 0x00;
+       buffer[11] = 0x00;
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+const char* StubHelperAtom<A>::stubName(const char* name)
+{
+       char* buf;
+       asprintf(&buf, "%s$stubHelper", name);
+       return buf;
+}
+
+
+// specialize lazy pointer for x86_64 to initially pointer to stub helper
+template <>
+LazyPointerAtom<x86_64>::LazyPointerAtom(Writer<x86_64>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, StubAtom<x86_64>& stub, bool forLazyDylib)
+ : WriterAtom<x86_64>(writer, Segment::fgDataSegment), fName(lazyPointerName(target.getName())), fTarget(target), 
+       fExternalTarget(*stub.getTarget()), fForLazyDylib(forLazyDylib)
+{
+       if ( forLazyDylib ) 
+               writer.fAllSynthesizedLazyDylibPointers.push_back(this);
+       else
+               writer.fAllSynthesizedLazyPointers.push_back(this);
+
+       StubHelperAtom<x86_64>* helper = new StubHelperAtom<x86_64>(writer, target, *this, forLazyDylib);
+       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86_64>(0, x86_64::kPointer, helper));
+}
+
+// specialize lazy pointer for x86 to initially pointer to second half of stub
+template <>
+LazyPointerAtom<x86>::LazyPointerAtom(Writer<x86>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, StubAtom<x86>& stub, bool forLazyDylib)
+ : WriterAtom<x86>(writer, Segment::fgDataSegment), fName(lazyPointerName(target.getName())), fTarget(target), 
+       fExternalTarget(*stub.getTarget()), fForLazyDylib(forLazyDylib)
+{
+       if ( forLazyDylib ) 
+               writer.fAllSynthesizedLazyDylibPointers.push_back(this);
+       else
+               writer.fAllSynthesizedLazyPointers.push_back(this);
+
+       // helper part of stub is 14 or 6 bytes into stub
+       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86>(0, x86::kPointer, &stub, writer.fSlideable ? 14 : 6));
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+LazyPointerAtom<A>::LazyPointerAtom(Writer<A>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, StubAtom<A>& stub, bool forLazyDylib)
+ : WriterAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgDataSegment), fName(lazyPointerName(target.getName())), fTarget(target), 
+       fExternalTarget(*stub.getTarget()), fForLazyDylib(forLazyDylib)
+{
+       if ( forLazyDylib ) 
+               writer.fAllSynthesizedLazyDylibPointers.push_back(this);
+       else
+               writer.fAllSynthesizedLazyPointers.push_back(this);
+
+       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<A>(0, A::kPointer, &target));
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+const char* LazyPointerAtom<A>::lazyPointerName(const char* name)
+{
+       char* buf;
+       asprintf(&buf, "%s$lazy_pointer", name);
+       return buf;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void LazyPointerAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       bzero(buffer, getSize());
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+NonLazyPointerAtom<A>::NonLazyPointerAtom(Writer<A>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target)
+ : WriterAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgDataSegment), fName(nonlazyPointerName(target.getName())), fTarget(target)
+{
+       writer.fAllSynthesizedNonLazyPointers.push_back(this);
+
+       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<A>(0, A::kPointer, &target));
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+const char* NonLazyPointerAtom<A>::nonlazyPointerName(const char* name)
+{
+       char* buf;
+       asprintf(&buf, "%s$non_lazy_pointer", name);
+       return buf;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void NonLazyPointerAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       bzero(buffer, getSize());
+}
+
+
+
+template <>
+bool StubAtom<ppc64>::pic() const
+{
+       // no-pic stubs for ppc64 don't work if lazy pointer is above low 2GB.
+       // Usually that only happens if page zero is very large
+       return ( fWriter.fSlideable || ((fWriter.fPageZeroAtom != NULL) && (fWriter.fPageZeroAtom->getSize() > 4096)) );
+}
+
+
+template <>
+bool StubAtom<arm>::pic() const
+{
+       return fWriter.fSlideable;
+}
+
+template <>
+ObjectFile::Alignment StubAtom<ppc>::getAlignment() const
+{
+       return 2;
+}
+
+template <>
+ObjectFile::Alignment StubAtom<ppc64>::getAlignment() const
+{
+       return 2;
+}
+
+template <>
+ObjectFile::Alignment StubAtom<arm>::getAlignment() const
+{
+       return 2;
+}
+
+template <>
+StubAtom<ppc>::StubAtom(Writer<ppc>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, bool forLazyDylib)
+ : WriterAtom<ppc>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fName(stubName(target.getName())), 
+       fTarget(target), fForLazyDylib(forLazyDylib)
+{
+       writer.fAllSynthesizedStubs.push_back(this);
+       LazyPointerAtom<ppc>* lp;
+       if (  fWriter.fOptions.prebind() ) {
+               // for prebound ppc, lazy pointer starts out pointing to target symbol's address
+               // if target is a weak definition within this linkage unit or zero if in some dylib
+               lp = new LazyPointerAtom<ppc>(writer, target, *this, forLazyDylib);
+       }
+       else {
+               // for non-prebound ppc, lazy pointer starts out pointing to dyld_stub_binding_helper glue code
+               if ( forLazyDylib ) {
+                       if ( writer.fDyldLazyDylibHelper == NULL )
+                               throw "symbol dyld_lazy_dylib_stub_binding_helper not defined (usually in lazydylib1.o)";
+                       lp = new LazyPointerAtom<ppc>(writer, *writer.fDyldLazyDylibHelper, *this, forLazyDylib);
+               }
+               else {
+                       if ( writer.fDyldHelper == NULL )
+                               throw "symbol dyld_stub_binding_helper not defined (usually in crt1.o/dylib1.o/bundle1.o)";
+                       lp = new LazyPointerAtom<ppc>(writer, *writer.fDyldHelper, *this, forLazyDylib);
+               }
+       }
+       if ( pic() ) {
+               // picbase is 8 bytes into atom
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<ppc>(12, ppc::kPICBaseHigh16, lp, 0, this, 8));
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<ppc>(20, ppc::kPICBaseLow16, lp, 0, this, 8));
+       }
+       else {
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<ppc>(0, ppc::kAbsHigh16AddLow, lp));
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<ppc>(4, ppc::kAbsLow16, lp));
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+StubAtom<ppc64>::StubAtom(Writer<ppc64>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, bool forLazyDylib)
+ : WriterAtom<ppc64>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fName(stubName(target.getName())), 
+       fTarget(target), fForLazyDylib(forLazyDylib)
+{
+       writer.fAllSynthesizedStubs.push_back(this);
+
+       LazyPointerAtom<ppc64>* lp;
+       if ( forLazyDylib ) {
+               if ( writer.fDyldLazyDylibHelper == NULL )
+                       throw "symbol dyld_lazy_dylib_stub_binding_helper not defined (usually in lazydylib1.o)";
+               lp = new LazyPointerAtom<ppc64>(writer, *writer.fDyldLazyDylibHelper, *this, forLazyDylib);
+       }
+       else {
+               if ( writer.fDyldHelper == NULL )
+                       throw "symbol dyld_stub_binding_helper not defined (usually in crt1.o/dylib1.o/bundle1.o)";
+               lp = new LazyPointerAtom<ppc64>(writer, *writer.fDyldHelper, *this, forLazyDylib);
+       }
+       if ( pic() ) {
+               // picbase is 8 bytes into atom
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<ppc64>(12, ppc64::kPICBaseHigh16, lp, 0, this, 8));
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<ppc64>(20, ppc64::kPICBaseLow14, lp, 0, this, 8));
+       }
+       else {
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<ppc64>(0, ppc64::kAbsHigh16AddLow, lp));
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<ppc64>(4, ppc64::kAbsLow14, lp));
+       }
+}
+
+// specialize to put x86 fast stub in __IMPORT segment with no lazy pointer
+template <>
+StubAtom<x86>::StubAtom(Writer<x86>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, bool forLazyDylib)
+ : WriterAtom<x86>(writer, (writer.fOptions.slowx86Stubs() || forLazyDylib) ? Segment::fgTextSegment : 
+                                       ( writer.fOptions.readOnlyx86Stubs() ? Segment::fgROImportSegment : Segment::fgImportSegment)), 
+                               fTarget(target), fForLazyDylib(forLazyDylib)
+{
+       if ( writer.fOptions.slowx86Stubs() || forLazyDylib ) {
+               fName = stubName(target.getName());
+               writer.fAllSynthesizedStubs.push_back(this);
+               LazyPointerAtom<x86>* lp = new LazyPointerAtom<x86>(writer, target, *this, forLazyDylib);
+               ObjectFile::Atom* helper;
+               if ( forLazyDylib ) {
+                       if ( writer.fDyldLazyDylibHelper == NULL )
+                               throw "symbol dyld_lazy_dylib_stub_binding_helper not defined (usually in lazydylib1.o)";
+                       helper = writer.fDyldLazyDylibHelper;
+               }
+               else {
+                       if ( writer.fDyldHelper == NULL )
+                               throw "symbol dyld_stub_binding_helper not defined (usually in crt1.o/dylib1.o/bundle1.o)";
+                       helper = writer.fDyldHelper;
+               }
+               if ( pic() ) {
+                       // picbase is 5 bytes into atom
+                       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86>(8, x86::kPointerDiff, lp, 0, this, 5));
+                       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86>(16, x86::kPCRel32, helper));
+               }
+               else {
+                       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86>(2, x86::kAbsolute32, lp));
+                       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86>(7, x86::kAbsolute32, lp));
+                       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86>(12, x86::kPCRel32, helper));
+               }
+       }
+       else {
+               if ( &target == NULL ) 
+                       fName = "cache-line-crossing-stub";
+               else {
+                       fName = stubName(target.getName());
+                       writer.fAllSynthesizedStubs.push_back(this);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+StubAtom<x86_64>::StubAtom(Writer<x86_64>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, bool forLazyDylib)
+ : WriterAtom<x86_64>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fName(stubName(target.getName())), fTarget(target)
+{
+       writer.fAllSynthesizedStubs.push_back(this);
+
+       LazyPointerAtom<x86_64>* lp = new LazyPointerAtom<x86_64>(writer, target, *this, forLazyDylib);
+       fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<x86_64>(2, x86_64::kPCRel32, lp));
+}
+
+template <>
+StubAtom<arm>::StubAtom(Writer<arm>& writer, ObjectFile::Atom& target, bool forLazyDylib)
+ : WriterAtom<arm>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fName(stubName(target.getName())), fTarget(target)
+{
+       writer.fAllSynthesizedStubs.push_back(this);
+
+       LazyPointerAtom<arm>* lp;
+       if (  fWriter.fOptions.prebind() && !forLazyDylib ) {
+               // for prebound arm, lazy pointer starts out pointing to target symbol's address
+               // if target is a weak definition within this linkage unit or zero if in some dylib
+               lp = new LazyPointerAtom<arm>(writer, target, *this, forLazyDylib);
+       }
+       else {
+               // for non-prebound arm, lazy pointer starts out pointing to dyld_stub_binding_helper glue code
+               ObjectFile::Atom* helper;
+               if ( forLazyDylib ) {
+                       if ( writer.fDyldLazyDylibHelper == NULL )
+                               throw "symbol dyld_lazy_dylib_stub_binding_helper not defined (usually in lazydylib1.o)";
+                       helper = writer.fDyldLazyDylibHelper;
+               }
+               else {
+                       if ( writer.fDyldHelper == NULL )
+                               throw "symbol dyld_stub_binding_helper not defined (usually in crt1.o/dylib1.o/bundle1.o)";
+                       helper = writer.fDyldHelper;
+               }
+               lp = new LazyPointerAtom<arm>(writer, *helper, *this, forLazyDylib);
+       }
+       if ( pic() )
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<arm>(12, arm::kPointerDiff, lp, 0, this, 12));
+       else
+               fReferences.push_back(new WriterReference<arm>(8, arm::kPointer, lp));
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+const char* StubAtom<A>::stubName(const char* name)
+{
+       char* buf;
+       asprintf(&buf, "%s$stub", name);
+       return buf;
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t StubAtom<ppc>::getSize() const
+{
+       return ( pic() ? 32 : 16 );
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t StubAtom<ppc64>::getSize() const
+{
+       return ( pic() ? 32 : 16 );
+}
+
+
+template <>
+uint64_t StubAtom<arm>::getSize() const
+{
+       return ( pic() ? 16 : 12 );
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t StubAtom<x86>::getSize() const
+{
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.slowx86Stubs() || fForLazyDylib ) {
+               if ( pic() )
+                       return 20;
+               else
+                       return 16;
+       }
+       return 5;
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t StubAtom<x86_64>::getSize() const
+{
+       return 6;
+}
+
+template <>
+ObjectFile::Alignment StubAtom<x86>::getAlignment() const
+{
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.slowx86Stubs() || fForLazyDylib ) 
+               return 2;
+       else
+               return 0; // special case x86 fast stubs to be byte aligned
+}
+
+template <>
+void StubAtom<ppc64>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       if ( pic() ) {
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer [0], 0, 0x7c0802a6);    //      mflr r0
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 4], 0, 0x429f0005);    //  bcl 20,31,Lpicbase
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 8], 0, 0x7d6802a6);    // Lpicbase: mflr r11
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[12], 0, 0x3d6b0000);    //      addis r11,r11,ha16(L_fwrite$lazy_ptr-Lpicbase)
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[16], 0, 0x7c0803a6);    //      mtlr r0
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[20], 0, 0xe98b0001);    //      ldu r12,lo16(L_fwrite$lazy_ptr-Lpicbase)(r11)
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[24], 0, 0x7d8903a6);    //  mtctr r12
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[28], 0, 0x4e800420);    //  bctr
+       }
+       else {
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 0], 0, 0x3d600000);    // lis r11,ha16(L_fwrite$lazy_ptr)
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 4], 0, 0xe98b0001);    // ldu r12,lo16(L_fwrite$lazy_ptr)(r11)
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 8], 0, 0x7d8903a6);    // mtctr r12
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[12], 0, 0x4e800420);    // bctr
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void StubAtom<ppc>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       if ( pic() ) {
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 0], 0, 0x7c0802a6);    //      mflr r0
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 4], 0, 0x429f0005);    //  bcl 20,31,Lpicbase
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 8], 0, 0x7d6802a6);    // Lpicbase: mflr r11
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[12], 0, 0x3d6b0000);    //      addis r11,r11,ha16(L_fwrite$lazy_ptr-Lpicbase)
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[16], 0, 0x7c0803a6);    //      mtlr r0
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[20], 0, 0x858b0000);    //      lwzu r12,lo16(L_fwrite$lazy_ptr-Lpicbase)(r11)
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[24], 0, 0x7d8903a6);    //  mtctr r12
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[28], 0, 0x4e800420);    //  bctr
+       }
+       else {
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 0], 0, 0x3d600000);    // lis r11,ha16(L_fwrite$lazy_ptr)
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 4], 0, 0x858b0000);    // lwzu r12,lo16(L_fwrite$lazy_ptr)(r11)
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[ 8], 0, 0x7d8903a6);    // mtctr r12
+               OSWriteBigInt32(&buffer[12], 0, 0x4e800420);    // bctr
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void StubAtom<x86>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.slowx86Stubs() || fForLazyDylib ) {
+               if ( pic() ) {
+                       buffer[0] = 0xE8;               // call picbase
+                       buffer[1] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[2] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[3] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[4] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[5] = 0x58;               // pop eax
+                       buffer[6] = 0x8D;               // lea foo$lazy_pointer-picbase(eax),eax
+                       buffer[7] = 0x80;
+                       buffer[8] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[9] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[10] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[11] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[12] = 0xFF;              // jmp *(eax)
+                       buffer[13] = 0x20;
+                       buffer[14] = 0x50;              // push eax
+                       buffer[15] = 0xE9;              // jump dyld_stub_binding_helper
+                       buffer[16] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[17] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[18] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[19] = 0x00;
+               }
+               else {  
+                       buffer[0] = 0xFF;               // jmp *foo$lazy_pointer
+                       buffer[1] = 0x25;
+                       buffer[2] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[3] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[4] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[5] = 0x00;               
+                       buffer[6] = 0x68;               // pushl $foo$lazy_pointer
+                       buffer[7] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[8] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[9] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[10] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[11] = 0xE9;              // jump dyld_stub_binding_helper
+                       buffer[12] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[13] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[14] = 0x00;
+                       buffer[15] = 0x00;
+               }
+       }
+       else {
+               if ( fWriter.fOptions.prebind() ) {
+                       uint32_t address = this->getAddress();
+                       int32_t rel32 = 0 - (address+5); 
+                       buffer[0] = 0xE9;
+                       buffer[1] = rel32 & 0xFF;
+                       buffer[2] = (rel32 >> 8) & 0xFF;
+                       buffer[3] = (rel32 >> 16) & 0xFF;
+                       buffer[4] = (rel32 >> 24) & 0xFF;
+               }
+               else {
+                       buffer[0] = 0xF4;
+                       buffer[1] = 0xF4;
+                       buffer[2] = 0xF4;
+                       buffer[3] = 0xF4;
+                       buffer[4] = 0xF4;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void StubAtom<x86_64>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       buffer[0] = 0xFF;               // jmp *foo$lazy_pointer(%rip)
+       buffer[1] = 0x25;
+       buffer[2] = 0x00;
+       buffer[3] = 0x00;
+       buffer[4] = 0x00;
+       buffer[5] = 0x00;
+}
+
+template <>
+void StubAtom<arm>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       if ( pic() ) {
+               OSWriteLittleInt32(&buffer[ 0], 0, 0xe59fc004); //      ldr ip, pc + 12
+               OSWriteLittleInt32(&buffer[ 4], 0, 0xe08fc00c); //      add ip, pc, ip
+               OSWriteLittleInt32(&buffer[ 8], 0, 0xe59cf000); //      ldr pc, [ip]
+               OSWriteLittleInt32(&buffer[12], 0, 0x00000000); //      .long L_foo$lazy_ptr - (L1$scv + 8)
+       }
+       else {
+               OSWriteLittleInt32(&buffer[ 0], 0, 0xe59fc000); //      ldr ip, [pc, #0]
+               OSWriteLittleInt32(&buffer[ 4], 0, 0xe59cf000); //      ldr pc, [ip]
+               OSWriteLittleInt32(&buffer[ 8], 0, 0x00000000); //      .long   L_foo$lazy_ptr
+       }
+}
+
+// x86_64 stubs are 7 bytes and need no alignment
+template <>
+ObjectFile::Alignment StubAtom<x86_64>::getAlignment() const
+{
+       return 0;
+}
+
+template <>
+const char*    StubAtom<ppc>::getSectionName() const
+{
+       return ( pic() ? "__picsymbolstub1" : "__symbol_stub1");
+}
+
+template <>
+const char*    StubAtom<ppc64>::getSectionName() const
+{
+       return ( pic() ? "__picsymbolstub1" : "__symbol_stub1");
+}
+
+template <>
+const char*    StubAtom<arm>::getSectionName() const
+{
+       return ( pic() ? "__picsymbolstub4" : "__symbol_stub4");
+}
+
+template <>
+const char*    StubAtom<x86>::getSectionName() const
+{
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.slowx86Stubs() || fForLazyDylib ) {
+               if ( pic() ) 
+                       return "__picsymbol_stub";
+               else
+                       return "__symbol_stub";
+       }
+       return "__jump_table";
+}
+
+
+
+
+struct AtomByNameSorter
+{
+     bool operator()(ObjectFile::Atom* left, ObjectFile::Atom* right)
+     {
+          return (strcmp(left->getName(), right->getName()) < 0);
+     }
+};
+
+template <typename P>
+struct ExternalRelocSorter
+{
+     bool operator()(const macho_relocation_info<P>& left, const macho_relocation_info<P>& right)
+     {
+               // sort first by symbol number
+               if ( left.r_symbolnum() != right.r_symbolnum() )
+                       return (left.r_symbolnum() < right.r_symbolnum());
+               // then sort all uses of the same symbol by address
+               return (left.r_address() < right.r_address());
+     }
+};
+
+
+template <typename A>
+Writer<A>::Writer(const char* path, Options& options, std::vector<ExecutableFile::DyLibUsed>& dynamicLibraries)
+       : ExecutableFile::Writer(dynamicLibraries), fFilePath(strdup(path)), fOptions(options), 
+         fAllAtoms(NULL), fStabs(NULL), fLoadCommandsSection(NULL),
+         fLoadCommandsSegment(NULL), fEncryptionLoadCommand(NULL), fSegmentCommands(NULL), 
+         fSymbolTableCommands(NULL), fHeaderPadding(NULL),
+         fUUIDAtom(NULL), fPadSegmentInfo(NULL), fEntryPoint( NULL), fDyldHelper(NULL), fDyldLazyDylibHelper(NULL),
+         fSectionRelocationsAtom(NULL), fLocalRelocationsAtom(NULL), fExternalRelocationsAtom(NULL),
+         fSymbolTableAtom(NULL), fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom(NULL), fIndirectTableAtom(NULL), fModuleInfoAtom(NULL), 
+         fStringsAtom(NULL), fPageZeroAtom(NULL), fSymbolTable(NULL),  fSymbolTableCount(0), fSymbolTableStabsCount(0),
+         fSymbolTableLocalCount(0), fSymbolTableExportCount(0), fSymbolTableImportCount(0), 
+         fLargestAtomSize(1), 
+         fEmitVirtualSections(false), fHasWeakExports(false), fReferencesWeakImports(false), 
+         fCanScatter(false), fWritableSegmentPastFirst4GB(false), fNoReExportedDylibs(false), 
+         fBiggerThanTwoGigs(false), fSlideable(false), 
+         fFirstWritableSegment(NULL), fAnonNameIndex(1000)
+{
+       switch ( fOptions.outputKind() ) {
+               case Options::kDynamicExecutable:
+               case Options::kStaticExecutable:
+                       if ( fOptions.zeroPageSize() != 0 )
+                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fPageZeroAtom = new PageZeroAtom<A>(*this));
+                       if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDynamicExecutable )
+                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new DsoHandleAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new MachHeaderAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new SegmentLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDynamicExecutable )
+                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new DyldLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fUUIDAtom = new UUIDLoadCommandAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       if ( fOptions.hasCustomStack() )
+                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new CustomStackAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fHeaderPadding = new LoadCommandsPaddingAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fSectionRelocationsAtom = new SectionRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fLocalRelocationsAtom = new LocalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fSymbolTableAtom = new SymbolTableLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fExternalRelocationsAtom = new ExternalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fIndirectTableAtom = new IndirectTableLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fStringsAtom = new StringsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       break;
+               case Options::kDynamicLibrary:
+               case Options::kDynamicBundle:
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new DsoHandleAtom<A>(*this));
+                       // fall through
+               case Options::kObjectFile:
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new MachHeaderAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new SegmentLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDynamicLibrary ) {
+                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new DylibIDLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                               if ( fOptions.initFunctionName() != NULL )
+                                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new RoutinesLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       }
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fUUIDAtom = new UUIDLoadCommandAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       if ( fOptions.sharedRegionEligible() )
+                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new SegmentSplitInfoLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fHeaderPadding = new LoadCommandsPaddingAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fSectionRelocationsAtom = new SectionRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fLocalRelocationsAtom = new LocalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       if ( fOptions.sharedRegionEligible() ) {
+                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom = new SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom<A>(*this));
+                       }
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fSymbolTableAtom = new SymbolTableLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fExternalRelocationsAtom = new ExternalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fIndirectTableAtom = new IndirectTableLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       if ( this->needsModuleTable() )
+                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fModuleInfoAtom = new ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fStringsAtom = new StringsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       break;
+               case Options::kDyld:
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new DsoHandleAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new MachHeaderAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new SegmentLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new DyldLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fUUIDAtom = new UUIDLoadCommandAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fHeaderPadding = new LoadCommandsPaddingAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fLocalRelocationsAtom = new LocalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fSymbolTableAtom = new SymbolTableLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fExternalRelocationsAtom = new ExternalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fIndirectTableAtom = new IndirectTableLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fStringsAtom = new StringsLinkEditAtom<A>(*this));
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       // add extra commmands
+       bool hasReExports = false;
+       uint32_t ordinal = 1;
+       switch ( fOptions.outputKind() ) {
+               case Options::kDynamicExecutable:
+                       if ( fOptions.makeEncryptable() ) {
+                               fEncryptionLoadCommand = new EncryptionLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this);
+                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(fEncryptionLoadCommand);
+                       }
+                       // fall through
+               case Options::kDynamicLibrary:
+               case Options::kDynamicBundle:
+                       {
+                               // add dylib load command atoms for all dynamic libraries
+                               const unsigned int libCount = dynamicLibraries.size();
+                               for (unsigned int i=0; i < libCount; ++i) {
+                                       ExecutableFile::DyLibUsed& dylibInfo = dynamicLibraries[i];
+                                       //fprintf(stderr, "dynamicLibraries[%d]: reader=%p, %s, install=%s\n", i, dylibInfo.reader, dylibInfo.reader->getPath(), dylibInfo.reader->getInstallPath() );
+                                       
+                                       if ( dylibInfo.options.fReExport ) {
+                                               hasReExports = true;
+                                       }
+                                       else {
+                                               const char* parentUmbrella = dylibInfo.reader->parentUmbrella();
+                                               if ( (parentUmbrella != NULL) && (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDynamicLibrary) ) {
+                                                       const char* thisIDLastSlash = strrchr(fOptions.installPath(), '/');
+                                                       if ( (thisIDLastSlash != NULL) && (strcmp(&thisIDLastSlash[1], parentUmbrella) == 0) )
+                                                               hasReExports = true;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               
+                                       if ( dylibInfo.options.fBundleLoader ) {
+                                               fLibraryToOrdinal[dylibInfo.reader] = EXECUTABLE_ORDINAL;
+                                       }
+                                       else {
+                                               // see if a DylibLoadCommandsAtom has already been created for this install path
+                                               bool newDylib = true;
+                                               const char* dylibInstallPath = dylibInfo.reader->getInstallPath();
+                                               for (unsigned int seenLib=0; seenLib < i; ++seenLib) {
+                                                       ExecutableFile::DyLibUsed& seenDylibInfo = dynamicLibraries[seenLib];
+                                                       if ( !seenDylibInfo.options.fBundleLoader ) {
+                                                               const char* seenDylibInstallPath = seenDylibInfo.reader->getInstallPath();
+                                                               if ( strcmp(seenDylibInstallPath, dylibInstallPath) == 0 ) {
+                                                                       fLibraryToOrdinal[dylibInfo.reader] = fLibraryToOrdinal[seenDylibInfo.reader];
+                                                                       fLibraryToLoadCommand[dylibInfo.reader] = fLibraryToLoadCommand[seenDylibInfo.reader]; 
+                                                                       fLibraryAliases[dylibInfo.reader] = seenDylibInfo.reader;
+                                                                       newDylib = false;
+                                                                       break;
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+
+                                               if ( newDylib ) {
+                                                       // assign new ordinal and check for other paired load commands
+                                                       fLibraryToOrdinal[dylibInfo.reader] = ordinal++;
+                                                       DylibLoadCommandsAtom<A>* dyliblc = new DylibLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this, dylibInfo);
+                                                       fLibraryToLoadCommand[dylibInfo.reader] = dyliblc;
+                                                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(dyliblc);
+                                                       if ( dylibInfo.options.fReExport 
+                                                               && (fOptions.macosxVersionMin() < ObjectFile::ReaderOptions::k10_5)
+                                                               && (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDynamicLibrary) ) {
+                                                               // see if child has sub-framework that is this
+                                                               bool isSubFramework = false;
+                                                               const char* childInUmbrella = dylibInfo.reader->parentUmbrella();
+                                                               if ( childInUmbrella != NULL ) {
+                                                                       const char* myLeaf = strrchr(fOptions.installPath(), '/');
+                                                                       if ( myLeaf != NULL ) {
+                                                                               if ( strcmp(childInUmbrella, &myLeaf[1]) == 0 )
+                                                                                       isSubFramework = true;
+                                                                       }
+                                                               }
+                                                               // LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK is in child, so do nothing in parent 
+                                                               if ( ! isSubFramework ) {
+                                                                       // this dylib also needs a sub_x load command
+                                                                       bool isFrameworkReExport = false;
+                                                                       const char* lastSlash = strrchr(dylibInstallPath, '/');
+                                                                       if ( lastSlash != NULL ) {
+                                                                               char frameworkName[strlen(lastSlash)+20];
+                                                                               sprintf(frameworkName, "/%s.framework/", &lastSlash[1]);
+                                                                               isFrameworkReExport = (strstr(dylibInstallPath, frameworkName) != NULL);
+                                                                       }
+                                                                       if ( isFrameworkReExport ) {
+                                                                               // needs a LC_SUB_UMBRELLA command
+                                                                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new SubUmbrellaLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this, &lastSlash[1]));
+                                                                       }
+                                                                       else {
+                                                                               // needs a LC_SUB_LIBRARY command
+                                                                               const char* nameStart = &lastSlash[1];
+                                                                               if ( lastSlash == NULL )
+                                                                                       nameStart = dylibInstallPath;
+                                                                               int len = strlen(nameStart);
+                                                                               const char* dot = strchr(nameStart, '.');
+                                                                               if ( dot != NULL )
+                                                                                       len = dot - nameStart;
+                                                                               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new SubLibraryLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this, nameStart, len));
+                                                                       }
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               // add umbrella command if needed
+                               if ( fOptions.umbrellaName() != NULL ) {
+                                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new UmbrellaLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this, fOptions.umbrellaName()));
+                               }
+                               // add allowable client commands if used
+                               std::vector<const char*>& allowableClients = fOptions.allowableClients();
+                               for (std::vector<const char*>::iterator it=allowableClients.begin(); it != allowableClients.end(); ++it)
+                                       fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new AllowableClientLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this, *it));
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case Options::kStaticExecutable:
+               case Options::kObjectFile:
+               case Options::kDyld:
+                       break;
+       }
+       fNoReExportedDylibs = !hasReExports;
+       
+       // add any rpath load commands
+       for(std::vector<const char*>::const_iterator it=fOptions.rpaths().begin(); it != fOptions.rpaths().end(); ++it) {
+               fWriterSynthesizedAtoms.push_back(new RPathLoadCommandsAtom<A>(*this, *it));
+       }
+       
+       // set up fSlideable
+       switch ( fOptions.outputKind() ) {
+               case Options::kObjectFile:
+               case Options::kStaticExecutable:
+                       fSlideable = false;
+                       break;
+               case Options::kDynamicExecutable:
+                       fSlideable = fOptions.positionIndependentExecutable();
+                       break;
+               case Options::kDyld:
+               case Options::kDynamicLibrary:
+               case Options::kDynamicBundle:
+                       fSlideable =    true;
+                       break;
+       }
+       
+       //fprintf(stderr, "ordinals table:\n");
+       //for (std::map<class ObjectFile::Reader*, uint32_t>::iterator it = fLibraryToOrdinal.begin(); it != fLibraryToOrdinal.end(); ++it) {
+       //      fprintf(stderr, "%d <== %s\n", it->second, it->first->getPath());
+       //}
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+Writer<A>::~Writer()
+{
+       if ( fFilePath != NULL )
+               free((void*)fFilePath);
+       if ( fSymbolTable != NULL )
+               delete [] fSymbolTable;
+}
+
+
+// for ppc64, -mdynamic-no-pic only works in low 2GB, so we might need to split the zeropage into two segments
+template <>bool Writer<ppc64>::mightNeedPadSegment() { return (fOptions.zeroPageSize() >= 0x80000000ULL); }
+template <typename A> bool Writer<A>::mightNeedPadSegment() { return false; }
+
+
+template <typename A>
+ObjectFile::Atom* Writer<A>::getUndefinedProxyAtom(const char* name)
+{
+       if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile ) {
+               // when doing -r -exported_symbols_list, don't creat proxy for a symbol
+               // that is supposed to be exported.  We want an error instead
+               // <rdar://problem/5062685> ld does not report error when -r is used and exported symbols are not defined.
+               if ( fOptions.hasExportRestrictList() && fOptions.shouldExport(name) )
+                       return NULL;
+               else
+                       return new UndefinedSymbolProxyAtom<A>(*this, name);
+       }
+       else if ( (fOptions.undefinedTreatment() != Options::kUndefinedError) || fOptions.allowedUndefined(name) )  
+               return new UndefinedSymbolProxyAtom<A>(*this, name);
+       else
+               return NULL;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint8_t Writer<A>::ordinalForLibrary(ObjectFile::Reader* lib)
+{
+       // flat namespace images use zero for all ordinals
+       if (  fOptions.nameSpace() != Options::kTwoLevelNameSpace )
+               return 0;
+
+       // is an UndefinedSymbolProxyAtom
+       if ( lib == this )
+               if ( fOptions.nameSpace() == Options::kTwoLevelNameSpace )
+                       return DYNAMIC_LOOKUP_ORDINAL;
+
+       std::map<class ObjectFile::Reader*, uint32_t>::iterator pos = fLibraryToOrdinal.find(lib);
+       if ( pos != fLibraryToOrdinal.end() )
+               return pos->second;
+
+       throw "can't find ordinal for imported symbol";
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+ObjectFile::Atom& Writer<A>::makeObjcInfoAtom(ObjectFile::Reader::ObjcConstraint objcContraint, bool objcReplacementClasses)
+{
+       return *(new ObjCInfoAtom<A>(*this, objcContraint, objcReplacementClasses));
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t Writer<A>::write(std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>& atoms,
+                                                 std::vector<class ObjectFile::Reader::Stab>& stabs,
+                                                 class ObjectFile::Atom* entryPointAtom, class ObjectFile::Atom* dyldHelperAtom,
+                                                 class ObjectFile::Atom* dyldLazyDylibHelperAtom,
+                                                 bool createUUID, bool canScatter, ObjectFile::Reader::CpuConstraint cpuConstraint,
+                                                 bool biggerThanTwoGigs, bool overridesDylibWeakDefines)
+{
+       fAllAtoms =  &atoms;
+       fStabs =  &stabs;
+       fEntryPoint = entryPointAtom;
+       fDyldHelper = dyldHelperAtom;
+       fDyldLazyDylibHelper = dyldLazyDylibHelperAtom;
+       fCanScatter = canScatter;
+       fCpuConstraint = cpuConstraint;
+       fBiggerThanTwoGigs = biggerThanTwoGigs;
+       fHasWeakExports = overridesDylibWeakDefines; // dyld needs to search this image as if it had weak exports
+
+       try {
+               // Set for create UUID
+               if (createUUID)
+                       fUUIDAtom->generate();
+
+               // remove uneeded dylib load commands
+               optimizeDylibReferences();
+
+               // check for mdynamic-no-pic codegen
+               scanForAbsoluteReferences();
+
+               // create inter-library stubs
+               synthesizeStubs();
+
+               // create SegmentInfo and SectionInfo objects and assign all atoms to a section
+               partitionIntoSections();
+
+               // segment load command can now be sized and padding can be set
+               adjustLoadCommandsAndPadding();
+
+               // assign each section a file offset
+               assignFileOffsets();
+
+               // if need to add branch islands, reassign file offsets
+               if ( addBranchIslands() )
+                       assignFileOffsets();
+
+               // build symbol table and relocations
+               buildLinkEdit();
+
+               // write map file if requested
+               writeMap();
+
+               // write everything
+               return writeAtoms();
+       } catch (...) {
+               // clean up if any errors
+               (void)unlink(fFilePath);
+               throw;
+       }
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::buildLinkEdit()
+{
+       this->collectExportedAndImportedAndLocalAtoms();
+       this->buildSymbolTable();
+       this->buildFixups();
+       this->adjustLinkEditSections();
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t Writer<A>::getAtomLoadAddress(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom)
+{
+       return atom->getAddress();
+//     SectionInfo* info = (SectionInfo*)atom->getSection();
+//     return info->getBaseAddress() + atom->getSectionOffset();
+}
+
+
+template <>
+const char* Writer<x86_64>::symbolTableName(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom)
+{
+       static unsigned int counter = 0;
+       const char* name = atom->getName();
+       if ( strncmp(name, "cstring=", 8) == 0 )
+               asprintf((char**)&name, "LC%u", counter++);
+       return name;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+const char* Writer<A>::symbolTableName(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom)
+{
+       return atom->getName();
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::setExportNlist(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, macho_nlist<P>* entry)
+{
+       // set n_strx
+       entry->set_n_strx(this->fStringsAtom->add(this->symbolTableName(atom)));
+
+       // set n_type
+       if ( atom->getSymbolTableInclusion() == ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableInAsAbsolute ) {
+               entry->set_n_type(N_EXT | N_ABS);
+       }
+       else {
+               entry->set_n_type(N_EXT | N_SECT);
+               if ( (atom->getScope() == ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit) && (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile) ) {
+                       if ( fOptions.keepPrivateExterns() )
+                               entry->set_n_type(N_EXT | N_SECT | N_PEXT);
+               }
+       }
+       
+       // set n_sect (section number of implementation )
+       uint8_t sectionIndex = atom->getSection()->getIndex();
+       entry->set_n_sect(sectionIndex);
+
+       // the __mh_execute_header is magic and must be an absolute symbol
+       if ( (sectionIndex==0) 
+               && (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDynamicExecutable)
+               && (atom->getSymbolTableInclusion() == ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableInAndNeverStrip ))
+               entry->set_n_type(N_EXT | N_ABS);
+
+       // set n_desc
+       uint16_t desc = 0;
+    if ( atom->isThumb() )
+        desc |= N_ARM_THUMB_DEF;
+    if ( atom->getSymbolTableInclusion() == ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableInAndNeverStrip )
+        desc |= REFERENCED_DYNAMICALLY;
+    if ( atom->getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition ) {
+        desc |= N_WEAK_DEF;
+        fHasWeakExports = true;
+    }
+       entry->set_n_desc(desc);
+
+       // set n_value ( address this symbol will be at if this executable is loaded at it preferred address )
+       if ( atom->getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol ) 
+               entry->set_n_value(atom->getSectionOffset());
+       else
+               entry->set_n_value(this->getAtomLoadAddress(atom));
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::setImportNlist(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, macho_nlist<P>* entry)
+{
+       // set n_strx
+       entry->set_n_strx(this->fStringsAtom->add(atom->getName()));
+
+       // set n_type
+       if ( (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile) 
+               && (atom->getScope() == ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit) 
+               && (atom->getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition) )
+               entry->set_n_type(N_UNDF | N_EXT | N_PEXT);
+       else if ( fOptions.prebind() )
+               entry->set_n_type(N_PBUD | N_EXT);
+       else 
+               entry->set_n_type(N_UNDF | N_EXT);
+
+       // set n_sect
+       entry->set_n_sect(0);
+
+       uint16_t desc = 0;
+       if ( fOptions.outputKind() != Options::kObjectFile ) {
+               // set n_desc ( high byte is library ordinal, low byte is reference type )
+               std::map<const ObjectFile::Atom*,ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator pos = fStubsMap.find(atom);
+               if ( pos != fStubsMap.end() || ( strncmp(atom->getName(), ".objc_class_name_", 17) == 0) )
+                       desc = REFERENCE_FLAG_UNDEFINED_LAZY;
+               else
+                       desc = REFERENCE_FLAG_UNDEFINED_NON_LAZY;
+               try {
+                       uint8_t ordinal = this->ordinalForLibrary(atom->getFile());
+                       //fprintf(stderr, "ordinal=%u from reader=%p for symbol=%s\n", ordinal, atom->getFile(), atom->getName());
+                       SET_LIBRARY_ORDINAL(desc, ordinal);
+               }
+               catch (const char* msg) {
+                       throwf("%s %s from %s", msg, atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+               }
+       }
+       else if ( atom->getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition ) {
+               uint8_t align = atom->getAlignment().powerOf2;
+               // always record custom alignment of common symbols to match what compiler does
+               SET_COMM_ALIGN(desc, align);
+       }
+       if ( atom->isThumb() )
+               desc |= N_ARM_THUMB_DEF;
+       if ( atom->getSymbolTableInclusion() == ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableInAndNeverStrip )
+               desc |= REFERENCED_DYNAMICALLY;
+       if ( ( fOptions.outputKind() != Options::kObjectFile) && (atom->getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition) ) {
+               desc |= N_REF_TO_WEAK;
+               fReferencesWeakImports = true;
+       }
+       // set weak_import attribute
+       if ( fWeakImportMap[atom] )
+               desc |= N_WEAK_REF;
+       entry->set_n_desc(desc);
+
+       // set n_value, zero for import proxy and size for tentative definition
+       entry->set_n_value(atom->getSize());
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::setLocalNlist(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, macho_nlist<P>* entry)
+{
+       // set n_strx
+       const char* symbolName = this->symbolTableName(atom);
+       char anonName[32];
+       if ( (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile) && !fOptions.keepLocalSymbol(symbolName) ) {
+               sprintf(anonName, "l%u", fAnonNameIndex++);
+               symbolName = anonName;
+       }
+       entry->set_n_strx(this->fStringsAtom->add(symbolName));
+
+       // set n_type
+       uint8_t type = N_SECT;
+       if ( atom->getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol ) 
+               type = N_ABS;
+       if ( atom->getScope() == ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit )
+               type |= N_PEXT;
+       entry->set_n_type(type);
+
+       // set n_sect (section number of implementation )
+       uint8_t sectIndex = atom->getSection()->getIndex();
+       if ( sectIndex == 0 ) {
+               // see <mach-o/ldsyms.h> synthesized lable for mach_header needs special section number...
+               if ( strcmp(atom->getSectionName(), "._mach_header") == 0 )
+                       sectIndex = 1;
+       }
+       entry->set_n_sect(sectIndex);
+
+       // set n_desc
+       uint16_t desc = 0;
+       if ( atom->getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition )
+               desc |= N_WEAK_DEF;
+       if ( atom->isThumb() )
+               desc |= N_ARM_THUMB_DEF;
+       entry->set_n_desc(desc);
+
+       // set n_value ( address this symbol will be at if this executable is loaded at it preferred address )
+       if ( atom->getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol ) 
+               entry->set_n_value(atom->getSectionOffset());
+       else
+               entry->set_n_value(this->getAtomLoadAddress(atom));
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::addLocalLabel(ObjectFile::Atom& atom, uint32_t offsetInAtom, const char* name)
+{
+       macho_nlist<P> entry;
+       
+       // set n_strx
+       entry.set_n_strx(fStringsAtom->add(name));
+
+       // set n_type
+       entry.set_n_type(N_SECT);
+
+       // set n_sect (section number of implementation )
+       entry.set_n_sect(atom.getSection()->getIndex());
+
+       // set n_desc
+       entry.set_n_desc(0);
+
+       // set n_value ( address this symbol will be at if this executable is loaded at it preferred address )
+       entry.set_n_value(this->getAtomLoadAddress(&atom) + offsetInAtom);
+       
+       // add
+       fLocalExtraLabels.push_back(entry);
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::addGlobalLabel(ObjectFile::Atom& atom, uint32_t offsetInAtom, const char* name)
+{
+       macho_nlist<P> entry;
+       
+       // set n_strx
+       entry.set_n_strx(fStringsAtom->add(name));
+
+       // set n_type
+       entry.set_n_type(N_SECT|N_EXT);
+
+       // set n_sect (section number of implementation )
+       entry.set_n_sect(atom.getSection()->getIndex());
+
+       // set n_desc
+       entry.set_n_desc(0);
+
+       // set n_value ( address this symbol will be at if this executable is loaded at it preferred address )
+       entry.set_n_value(this->getAtomLoadAddress(&atom) + offsetInAtom);
+       
+       // add
+       fGlobalExtraLabels.push_back(entry);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::setNlistRange(std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>& atoms, uint32_t startIndex, uint32_t count)
+{
+       macho_nlist<P>* entry = &fSymbolTable[startIndex];
+       for (uint32_t i=0; i < count; ++i, ++entry) {
+               ObjectFile::Atom* atom = atoms[i];
+               if ( &atoms == &fExportedAtoms ) {
+                       this->setExportNlist(atom, entry);
+               }
+               else if ( &atoms == &fImportedAtoms ) {
+                       this->setImportNlist(atom, entry);
+               }
+               else {
+                       this->setLocalNlist(atom, entry);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::copyNlistRange(const std::vector<macho_nlist<P> >& entries, uint32_t startIndex)
+{
+       for ( typename std::vector<macho_nlist<P> >::const_iterator it = entries.begin(); it != entries.end(); ++it) 
+               fSymbolTable[startIndex++] = *it;
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+struct NListNameSorter
+{
+       NListNameSorter(StringsLinkEditAtom<A>* pool) : fStringPool(pool) {}
+       
+     bool operator()(const macho_nlist<typename A::P>& left, const macho_nlist<typename A::P>& right)
+     {
+          return (strcmp(fStringPool->stringForIndex(left.n_strx()), fStringPool->stringForIndex(right.n_strx())) < 0);
+     }
+private:
+       StringsLinkEditAtom<A>*         fStringPool;
+};
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::buildSymbolTable()
+{
+       fSymbolTableStabsStartIndex             = 0;
+       fSymbolTableStabsCount                  = fStabs->size();
+       fSymbolTableLocalStartIndex             = fSymbolTableStabsStartIndex + fSymbolTableStabsCount;
+       fSymbolTableLocalCount                  = fLocalSymbolAtoms.size() + fLocalExtraLabels.size();
+       fSymbolTableExportStartIndex    = fSymbolTableLocalStartIndex + fSymbolTableLocalCount;
+       fSymbolTableExportCount                 = fExportedAtoms.size() + fGlobalExtraLabels.size();
+       fSymbolTableImportStartIndex    = fSymbolTableExportStartIndex + fSymbolTableExportCount;
+       fSymbolTableImportCount                 = fImportedAtoms.size();
+
+       // allocate symbol table
+       fSymbolTableCount = fSymbolTableStabsCount + fSymbolTableLocalCount + fSymbolTableExportCount + fSymbolTableImportCount;
+       fSymbolTable = new macho_nlist<P>[fSymbolTableCount];
+
+       // fill in symbol table and string pool (do stabs last so strings are at end of pool)
+       setNlistRange(fLocalSymbolAtoms, fSymbolTableLocalStartIndex,  fLocalSymbolAtoms.size());
+       if ( fLocalExtraLabels.size() != 0 )
+               copyNlistRange(fLocalExtraLabels, fSymbolTableLocalStartIndex+fLocalSymbolAtoms.size());
+       setNlistRange(fExportedAtoms,    fSymbolTableExportStartIndex, fExportedAtoms.size());
+       if ( fGlobalExtraLabels.size() != 0 ) {
+               copyNlistRange(fGlobalExtraLabels, fSymbolTableExportStartIndex+fExportedAtoms.size());
+               // re-sort combined range
+               std::sort(  &fSymbolTable[fSymbolTableExportStartIndex], 
+                                       &fSymbolTable[fSymbolTableExportStartIndex+fSymbolTableExportCount], 
+                                       NListNameSorter<A>(fStringsAtom) );
+       }
+       setNlistRange(fImportedAtoms,    fSymbolTableImportStartIndex, fSymbolTableImportCount);
+       addStabs(fSymbolTableStabsStartIndex);
+       
+       // set up module table
+       if ( fModuleInfoAtom != NULL )
+               fModuleInfoAtom->setName();
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+bool Writer<A>::shouldExport(const ObjectFile::Atom& atom) const
+{
+       switch ( atom.getSymbolTableInclusion() ) {
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableNotIn:
+                       return false;
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableInAndNeverStrip:
+                       return true;
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableInAsAbsolute:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableIn:
+                       switch ( atom.getScope() ) {
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::scopeGlobal:
+                                       return true;
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit:
+                                       return ( (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile) && fOptions.keepPrivateExterns() );
+                               default:
+                                       return false;
+                       }
+                       break;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::collectExportedAndImportedAndLocalAtoms()
+{
+       const int atomCount = fAllAtoms->size();
+       // guess at sizes of each bucket to minimize re-allocations
+       fImportedAtoms.reserve(100);
+       fExportedAtoms.reserve(atomCount/2);
+       fLocalSymbolAtoms.reserve(atomCount);
+       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+               ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+               // only named atoms go in symbol table
+               if ( atom->getName() != NULL ) {
+                       // put atom into correct bucket: imports, exports, locals
+                       //fprintf(stderr, "collectExportedAndImportedAndLocalAtoms() name=%s\n", atom->getDisplayName());
+                       switch ( atom->getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                       fImportedAtoms.push_back(atom);
+                                       break;
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                       if ( (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile) && !fOptions.readerOptions().fMakeTentativeDefinitionsReal ) {
+                                               fImportedAtoms.push_back(atom);
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       // else fall into
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                       if ( this->shouldExport(*atom) )
+                                               fExportedAtoms.push_back(atom);
+                                       else if ( (atom->getSymbolTableInclusion() != ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableNotIn)
+                                               && ((fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile) || fOptions.keepLocalSymbol(atom->getName())) )
+                                               fLocalSymbolAtoms.push_back(atom);
+                                       break;
+                       }
+               }
+               // when geneating a .o file, dtrace static probes become local labels
+               if ( (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile) && !fOptions.readerOptions().fForStatic ) {
+                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  references = atom->getReferences();
+                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>::iterator rit=references.begin(); rit != references.end(); rit++) {
+                               ObjectFile::Reference* ref = *rit;
+                               if ( ref->getKind() == A::kDtraceProbe ) {
+                                       // dtrace probe points to be add back into generated .o file
+                                       this->addLocalLabel(*atom, ref->getFixUpOffset(), ref->getTargetName());
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               // when linking kernel, old style dtrace static probes become global labels
+               else if ( fOptions.readerOptions().fForStatic ) {
+                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  references = atom->getReferences();
+                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>::iterator rit=references.begin(); rit != references.end(); rit++) {
+                               ObjectFile::Reference* ref = *rit;
+                               if ( ref->getKind() == A::kDtraceProbe ) {
+                                       // dtrace probe points to be add back into generated .o file
+                                       this->addGlobalLabel(*atom, ref->getFixUpOffset(), ref->getTargetName());
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       // sort exported atoms by name
+       std::sort(fExportedAtoms.begin(), fExportedAtoms.end(), AtomByNameSorter());
+       // sort imported atoms by name (not required by runtime, but helps make generated files binary diffable)
+       std::sort(fImportedAtoms.begin(), fImportedAtoms.end(), AtomByNameSorter());
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t Writer<A>::valueForStab(const ObjectFile::Reader::Stab& stab)
+{
+       switch ( stab.type ) {
+               case N_FUN:
+                       if ( (stab.string == NULL) || (strlen(stab.string) == 0) ) {
+                               // end of function N_FUN has size
+                               return stab.atom->getSize();
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               // start of function N_FUN has address
+                               return getAtomLoadAddress(stab.atom);
+                       }
+               case N_LBRAC:
+               case N_RBRAC:
+               case N_SLINE:
+                       if ( stab.atom == NULL )
+                               // some weird assembly files have slines not associated with a function
+                               return stab.value;
+                       else
+                               // all these stab types need their value changed from an offset in the atom to an address
+                               return getAtomLoadAddress(stab.atom) + stab.value;
+               case N_STSYM:
+               case N_LCSYM:
+               case N_BNSYM:
+                       // all these need address of atom
+                       return getAtomLoadAddress(stab.atom);;
+               case N_ENSYM:
+                       return stab.atom->getSize();
+               case N_SO:
+                       if ( stab.atom == NULL ) {
+                               return 0;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               if ( (stab.string == NULL) || (strlen(stab.string) == 0) ) {
+                                       // end of translation unit N_SO has address of end of last atom
+                                       return getAtomLoadAddress(stab.atom) + stab.atom->getSize();
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       // start of translation unit N_SO has address of end of first atom
+                                       return getAtomLoadAddress(stab.atom);
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       return stab.value;
+       }
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint32_t Writer<A>::stringOffsetForStab(const ObjectFile::Reader::Stab& stab)
+{
+       switch (stab.type) {
+               case N_SO:
+                       if ( (stab.string == NULL) || stab.string[0] == '\0' ) {
+                               return this->fStringsAtom->emptyString();
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       // fall into uniquing case
+               case N_SOL:
+               case N_BINCL:
+               case N_EXCL:
+                       return this->fStringsAtom->addUnique(stab.string);
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       if ( stab.string == NULL )
+                               return 0;
+                       else if ( stab.string[0] == '\0' )
+                               return this->fStringsAtom->emptyString();
+                       else
+                               return this->fStringsAtom->add(stab.string);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint8_t Writer<A>::sectionIndexForStab(const ObjectFile::Reader::Stab& stab)
+{
+       // in FUN stabs, n_sect field is 0 for start FUN and 1 for end FUN
+       if ( stab.type == N_FUN )
+               return stab.other;
+       else if ( stab.atom != NULL ) 
+               return stab.atom->getSection()->getIndex();
+       else
+               return stab.other;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::addStabs(uint32_t startIndex)
+{
+       macho_nlist<P>* entry = &fSymbolTable[startIndex];
+       for(std::vector<ObjectFile::Reader::Stab>::iterator it = fStabs->begin(); it != fStabs->end(); ++it, ++entry) {
+               const ObjectFile::Reader::Stab& stab = *it;
+               entry->set_n_type(stab.type);
+               entry->set_n_sect(sectionIndexForStab(stab));
+               entry->set_n_desc(stab.desc);
+               entry->set_n_value(valueForStab(stab));
+               entry->set_n_strx(stringOffsetForStab(stab));
+       }
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint32_t Writer<A>::symbolIndex(ObjectFile::Atom& atom)
+{
+       // search imports
+       int i = 0;
+       for(std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fImportedAtoms.begin(); it != fImportedAtoms.end(); ++it) {
+               if ( &atom == *it )
+                       return i + fSymbolTableImportStartIndex;
+               ++i;
+       }
+
+       // search locals
+       i = 0;
+       for(std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fLocalSymbolAtoms.begin(); it != fLocalSymbolAtoms.end(); ++it) {
+               if ( &atom == *it )
+                       return i + fSymbolTableLocalStartIndex;
+               ++i;
+       }
+
+       // search exports
+       i = 0;
+       for(std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fExportedAtoms.begin(); it != fExportedAtoms.end(); ++it) {
+               if ( &atom == *it )
+                       return i + fSymbolTableExportStartIndex;
+               ++i;
+       }
+
+       throwf("atom not found in symbolIndex(%s) for %s", atom.getDisplayName(), atom.getFile()->getPath());
+}
+
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86_64>::makesExternalRelocatableReference(ObjectFile::Atom& target) const
+{
+       switch ( target.getSymbolTableInclusion() )      {
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableNotIn:
+                       return false;
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableInAsAbsolute:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableIn:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableInAndNeverStrip:
+                       return true;
+       };
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+bool Writer<A>::makesExternalRelocatableReference(ObjectFile::Atom& target) const
+{
+       switch ( target.getDefinitionKind() ) {
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                       return false;
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                       if ( fOptions.readerOptions().fMakeTentativeDefinitionsReal )
+                               return false;
+                       else
+                               return (target.getScope() != ObjectFile::Atom::scopeTranslationUnit);
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                       return shouldExport(target);
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::buildFixups()
+{
+       if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile ) {
+               this->buildObjectFileFixups();
+       }
+       else {
+               if ( fOptions.keepRelocations() )
+                       this->buildObjectFileFixups();
+               this->buildExecutableFixups();
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+uint32_t Writer<x86_64>::addObjectRelocs(ObjectFile::Atom* atom, ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       ObjectFile::Atom& target = ref->getTarget();
+       bool external = this->makesExternalRelocatableReference(target);
+       uint32_t symbolIndex = external ? this->symbolIndex(target) : target.getSection()->getIndex();
+       uint32_t address = atom->getSectionOffset()+ref->getFixUpOffset();
+       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc1;
+       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc2;
+       x86_64::ReferenceKinds kind = (x86_64::ReferenceKinds)ref->getKind();
+
+       switch ( kind ) {
+               case x86_64::kNoFixUp:
+               case x86_64::kFollowOn:
+               case x86_64::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       return 0;
+
+               case x86_64::kPointer:
+               case x86_64::kPointerWeakImport:
+                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                       reloc1.set_r_length(3);
+                       reloc1.set_r_extern(external);
+                       reloc1.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_UNSIGNED);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case x86_64::kPointerDiff32:
+               case x86_64::kPointerDiff:      
+                       {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom& fromTarget = ref->getFromTarget();
+                       bool fromExternal = (fromTarget.getSymbolTableInclusion() != ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableNotIn);
+                       uint32_t fromSymbolIndex = fromExternal ? this->symbolIndex(fromTarget) : fromTarget.getSection()->getIndex();
+                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                       reloc1.set_r_length(kind==x86_64::kPointerDiff32 ? 2 : 3);
+                       reloc1.set_r_extern(external);
+                       reloc1.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_UNSIGNED);
+                       reloc2.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc2.set_r_symbolnum(fromSymbolIndex);
+                       reloc2.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                       reloc2.set_r_length(kind==x86_64::kPointerDiff32 ? 2 : 3);
+                       reloc2.set_r_extern(fromExternal);
+                       reloc2.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_SUBTRACTOR);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                       return 2;
+                       }
+
+               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel32:
+               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel32WeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case x86_64::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                       reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                       reloc1.set_r_extern(external);
+                       reloc1.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_BRANCH);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32:
+                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                       reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                       reloc1.set_r_extern(external);
+                       reloc1.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_SIGNED);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_1:
+                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                       reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                       reloc1.set_r_extern(external);
+                       reloc1.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_SIGNED_1);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_2:
+                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                       reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                       reloc1.set_r_extern(external);
+                       reloc1.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_SIGNED_2);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_4:
+                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                       reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                       reloc1.set_r_extern(external);
+                       reloc1.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_SIGNED_4);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel8:
+                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                       reloc1.set_r_length(0);
+                       reloc1.set_r_extern(external);
+                       reloc1.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_BRANCH);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOT:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTWeakImport:
+                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                       reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                       reloc1.set_r_extern(external);
+                       reloc1.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_GOT);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoad:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoadWeakImport:
+                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                       reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                       reloc1.set_r_extern(external);
+                       reloc1.set_r_type(X86_64_RELOC_GOT_LOAD);
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+                       
+               case x86_64::kDtraceTypeReference:
+               case x86_64::kDtraceProbe:
+                       // generates no relocs
+                       return 0;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+
+template <>
+uint32_t Writer<x86>::addObjectRelocs(ObjectFile::Atom* atom, ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       ObjectFile::Atom& target = ref->getTarget();
+       bool isExtern = this->makesExternalRelocatableReference(target);
+       uint32_t symbolIndex = 0;
+       if ( isExtern )
+               symbolIndex = this->symbolIndex(target);
+       uint32_t sectionNum = target.getSection()->getIndex();
+       uint32_t address = atom->getSectionOffset()+ref->getFixUpOffset();
+       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc1;
+       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc2;
+       macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>* sreloc1 = (macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>*)&reloc1;
+       macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>* sreloc2 = (macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>*)&reloc2;
+       x86::ReferenceKinds kind = (x86::ReferenceKinds)ref->getKind();
+       
+       if ( !isExtern && (sectionNum == 0) && (target.getDefinitionKind() != ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol) )
+               warning("section index == 0 for %s (kind=%d, scope=%d, inclusion=%d) in %s",
+                target.getDisplayName(), target.getDefinitionKind(), target.getScope(), target.getSymbolTableInclusion(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+
+
+       switch ( kind ) {
+               case x86::kNoFixUp:
+               case x86::kFollowOn:
+               case x86::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       return 0;
+
+               case x86::kPointer:
+               case x86::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case x86::kAbsolute32:
+                       if ( !isExtern && (ref->getTargetOffset() != 0) ) {
+                               // use scattered reloc is target offset is non-zero
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(isExtern ? symbolIndex : sectionNum);
+                               reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                               reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                               reloc1.set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                       }
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case x86::kPointerDiff16:
+               case x86::kPointerDiff:
+                       {
+                               //pint_t fromAddr = ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset();
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "addObjectRelocs(): refFromTarget=%s, refTarget=%s, refFromTargetAddr=0x%llX, refFromTargetOffset=0x%llX\n",
+                               //                      ref->getFromTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), 
+                               //                      ref->getFromTarget().getAddress(), ref->getFromTargetOffset());
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length( (kind==x86::kPointerDiff) ? 2 : 1 );
+                               if ( ref->getTarget().getScope() == ObjectFile::Atom::scopeTranslationUnit )
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_LOCAL_SECTDIFF);
+                               else
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_SECTDIFF);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                               sreloc2->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_length( (kind==x86::kPointerDiff) ? 2 : 1 );
+                               sreloc2->set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_PAIR);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_address(0);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_value(ref->getFromTarget().getAddress()+ref->getFromTargetOffset());
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                               return 2;
+                       }
+
+               case x86::kPCRel32WeakImport:
+               case x86::kPCRel32:
+               case x86::kPCRel16:
+               case x86::kPCRel8:
+               case x86::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case x86::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+                       if ( !isExtern && (ref->getTargetOffset() != 0) ) {
+                               // use scattered reloc is target offset is non-zero
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length( (kind==x86::kPCRel8) ? 0 : ((kind==x86::kPCRel16) ? 1 : 2) );
+                               sreloc1->set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(isExtern ? symbolIndex : sectionNum);
+                               reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                               reloc1.set_r_length( (kind==x86::kPCRel8) ? 0 : ((kind==x86::kPCRel16) ? 1 : 2) );
+                               reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                               reloc1.set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                       }
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+                       
+               case x86::kDtraceTypeReference:
+               case x86::kDtraceProbe:
+                       // generates no relocs
+                       return 0;
+
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+template <>
+uint32_t Writer<arm>::addObjectRelocs(ObjectFile::Atom* atom, ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       ObjectFile::Atom& target = ref->getTarget();
+       bool isExtern = this->makesExternalRelocatableReference(target);
+       uint32_t symbolIndex = 0;
+       if ( isExtern )
+               symbolIndex = this->symbolIndex(target);
+       uint32_t sectionNum = target.getSection()->getIndex();
+       uint32_t address = atom->getSectionOffset()+ref->getFixUpOffset();
+       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc1;
+       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc2;
+       macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>* sreloc1 = (macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>*)&reloc1;
+       macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>* sreloc2 = (macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>*)&reloc2;
+       arm::ReferenceKinds kind = (arm::ReferenceKinds)ref->getKind();
+       
+       if ( !isExtern && (sectionNum == 0) && (target.getDefinitionKind() != ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol) )
+               warning("section index == 0 for %s (kind=%d, scope=%d, inclusion=%d) in %s",
+                target.getDisplayName(), target.getDefinitionKind(), target.getScope(), target.getSymbolTableInclusion(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+
+
+       switch ( kind ) {
+               case arm::kNoFixUp:
+               case arm::kFollowOn:
+               case arm::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       return 0;
+
+               case arm::kPointer:
+               case arm::kReadOnlyPointer:
+               case arm::kPointerWeakImport:
+                       if ( !isExtern && (ref->getTargetOffset() != 0) ) {
+                               // use scattered reloc is target offset is non-zero
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_type(ARM_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(isExtern ? symbolIndex : sectionNum);
+                               reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                               reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                               reloc1.set_r_type(ARM_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                       }
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case arm::kPointerDiff:
+                       {
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                               if ( ref->getTarget().getScope() == ObjectFile::Atom::scopeTranslationUnit )
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_type(ARM_RELOC_LOCAL_SECTDIFF);
+                               else
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_type(ARM_RELOC_SECTDIFF);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                               sreloc2->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_type(ARM_RELOC_PAIR);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_address(0);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_value(ref->getFromTarget().getAddress()+ref->getFromTargetOffset());
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                               return 2;
+                       }
+
+               case arm::kBranch24WeakImport:
+               case arm::kBranch24:
+               case arm::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case arm::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+                       if ( !isExtern && (ref->getTargetOffset() != 0) ) {
+                               // use scattered reloc is target offset is non-zero
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_type(ARM_RELOC_BR24);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(isExtern ? symbolIndex : sectionNum);
+                               reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                               reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                               reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                               reloc1.set_r_type(ARM_RELOC_BR24);
+                       }
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+                       
+               case arm::kThumbBranch22WeakImport:
+               case arm::kThumbBranch22:
+                       if ( !isExtern && (ref->getTargetOffset() != 0) ) {
+                               // use scattered reloc is target offset is non-zero
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_type(ARM_THUMB_RELOC_BR22);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(isExtern ? symbolIndex : sectionNum);
+                               reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                               reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                               reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                               reloc1.set_r_type(ARM_THUMB_RELOC_BR22);
+                       }
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case arm::kDtraceTypeReference:
+               case arm::kDtraceProbe:
+                       // generates no relocs
+                       return 0;
+
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+template <> uint64_t    Writer<ppc>::maxAddress() { return 0xFFFFFFFFULL; }
+template <> uint64_t  Writer<ppc64>::maxAddress() { return 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; }
+template <> uint64_t    Writer<x86>::maxAddress() { return 0xFFFFFFFFULL; }
+template <> uint64_t Writer<x86_64>::maxAddress() { return 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL; }
+template <> uint64_t    Writer<arm>::maxAddress() { return 0xFFFFFFFFULL; }
+
+template <>
+uint8_t Writer<ppc>::getRelocPointerSize()
+{
+       return 2;
+}
+
+template <>
+uint8_t Writer<ppc64>::getRelocPointerSize()
+{
+       return 3;
+}
+
+template <>
+uint32_t Writer<ppc>::addObjectRelocs(ObjectFile::Atom* atom, ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       return addObjectRelocs_powerpc(atom, ref);
+}
+
+template <>
+uint32_t Writer<ppc64>::addObjectRelocs(ObjectFile::Atom* atom, ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       return addObjectRelocs_powerpc(atom, ref);
+}
+
+//
+// addObjectRelocs<ppc> and addObjectRelocs<ppc64> are almost exactly the same, so
+// they use a common addObjectRelocs_powerpc() method.
+//
+template <typename A>
+uint32_t Writer<A>::addObjectRelocs_powerpc(ObjectFile::Atom* atom, ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       ObjectFile::Atom& target = ref->getTarget();
+       bool isExtern = this->makesExternalRelocatableReference(target);        
+       uint32_t symbolIndex = 0;
+       if ( isExtern )
+               symbolIndex = this->symbolIndex(target);
+       uint32_t sectionNum = target.getSection()->getIndex();
+       uint32_t address = atom->getSectionOffset()+ref->getFixUpOffset();
+       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc1;
+       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc2;
+       macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>* sreloc1 = (macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>*)&reloc1;
+       macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>* sreloc2 = (macho_scattered_relocation_info<P>*)&reloc2;
+       typename A::ReferenceKinds kind = (typename A::ReferenceKinds)ref->getKind();
+
+       switch ( kind ) {
+               case A::kNoFixUp:
+               case A::kFollowOn:
+               case A::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       return 0;
+
+               case A::kPointer:
+               case A::kPointerWeakImport:
+                       if ( !isExtern && (ref->getTargetOffset() >= target.getSize()) ) {
+                               // use scattered reloc is target offset is outside target
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length(getRelocPointerSize());
+                               sreloc1->set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                               if ( isExtern )
+                                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                               else
+                                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(sectionNum);
+                               reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               reloc1.set_r_length(getRelocPointerSize());
+                               reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                               reloc1.set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                       }
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case A::kPointerDiff16:
+               case A::kPointerDiff32:
+               case A::kPointerDiff64:
+                       {
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length( (kind == A::kPointerDiff32) ? 2 : ((kind == A::kPointerDiff64) ? 3 : 1));
+                               if ( ref->getTarget().getScope() == ObjectFile::Atom::scopeTranslationUnit )
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_LOCAL_SECTDIFF);
+                               else
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_SECTDIFF);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress()); 
+                               sreloc2->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_length(sreloc1->r_length());
+                               sreloc2->set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_PAIR);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_address(0);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_value(ref->getFromTarget().getAddress()+ref->getFromTargetOffset()); 
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                               return 2;
+                       }
+
+               case A::kBranch24WeakImport:
+               case A::kBranch24:
+               case A::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case A::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+                       if ( (ref->getTargetOffset() == 0) || isExtern ) {
+                               reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                               if ( isExtern )
+                                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                               else
+                                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(sectionNum);
+                               reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                               reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                               reloc1.set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_BR24);
+                               reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_BR24);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                       }
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case A::kBranch14:
+                       if ( (ref->getTargetOffset() == 0) || isExtern ) {
+                               reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                               if ( isExtern )
+                                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                               else
+                                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(sectionNum);
+                               reloc1.set_r_pcrel(true);
+                               reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                               reloc1.set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_BR14);
+                               reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_BR14);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                       }
+                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                       return 1;
+
+               case A::kPICBaseLow16:
+               case A::kPICBaseLow14:
+                       {
+                               pint_t fromAddr = atom->getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset();
+                               pint_t toAddr = target.getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset();
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_type(kind == A::kPICBaseLow16 ? PPC_RELOC_LO16_SECTDIFF : PPC_RELOC_LO14_SECTDIFF);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                               sreloc2->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_PAIR);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_address(((toAddr-fromAddr) >> 16) & 0xFFFF);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_value(fromAddr);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                               return 2;
+                       }
+
+               case A::kPICBaseHigh16:
+                       {
+                               pint_t fromAddr = atom->getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset();
+                               pint_t toAddr = target.getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset();
+                               sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_HA16_SECTDIFF);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                               sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                               sreloc2->set_r_scattered(true);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_length(2);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_PAIR);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_address((toAddr-fromAddr) & 0xFFFF);
+                               sreloc2->set_r_value(fromAddr);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                               return 2;
+                       }
+
+               case A::kAbsLow14:
+               case A::kAbsLow16:
+                       {
+                               pint_t toAddr = target.getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset();
+                               if ( (ref->getTargetOffset() == 0) || isExtern ) {
+                                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                                       if ( isExtern )
+                                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                                       else
+                                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(sectionNum);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_type(kind==A::kAbsLow16 ? PPC_RELOC_LO16 : PPC_RELOC_LO14);
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_type(kind==A::kAbsLow16 ? PPC_RELOC_LO16 : PPC_RELOC_LO14);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                               }
+                               if ( isExtern )
+                                       reloc2.set_r_address(ref->getTargetOffset() >> 16);
+                               else
+                                       reloc2.set_r_address(toAddr >> 16);
+                               reloc2.set_r_symbolnum(0);
+                               reloc2.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               reloc2.set_r_length(2);
+                               reloc2.set_r_extern(false);
+                               reloc2.set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_PAIR);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                               return 2;
+                       }
+
+               case A::kAbsHigh16:
+                       {
+                               pint_t toAddr = target.getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset();
+                               if ( (ref->getTargetOffset() == 0) || isExtern ) {
+                                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                                       if ( isExtern )
+                                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                                       else
+                                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(sectionNum);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_HI16);
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_HI16);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                               }
+                               if ( isExtern )
+                                       reloc2.set_r_address(ref->getTargetOffset() & 0xFFFF);
+                               else
+                                       reloc2.set_r_address(toAddr & 0xFFFF);
+                               reloc2.set_r_symbolnum(0);
+                               reloc2.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               reloc2.set_r_length(2);
+                               reloc2.set_r_extern(false);
+                               reloc2.set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_PAIR);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                               return 2;
+                       }
+
+               case A::kAbsHigh16AddLow:
+                       {
+                               pint_t toAddr = target.getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset();
+                               uint32_t overflow = 0;
+                               if ( (toAddr & 0x00008000) != 0 )
+                                       overflow = 0x10000;
+                               if ( (ref->getTargetOffset() == 0) || isExtern ) {
+                                       reloc1.set_r_address(address);
+                                       if ( isExtern )
+                                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(symbolIndex);
+                                       else
+                                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(sectionNum);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                                       reloc1.set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_HA16);
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_scattered(true);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_length(2);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_HA16);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_address(address);
+                                       sreloc1->set_r_value(target.getAddress());
+                               }
+                               if ( isExtern )
+                                       reloc2.set_r_address(ref->getTargetOffset() & 0xFFFF);
+                               else
+                                       reloc2.set_r_address(toAddr & 0xFFFF);
+                               reloc2.set_r_symbolnum(0);
+                               reloc2.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               reloc2.set_r_length(2);
+                               reloc2.set_r_extern(false);
+                               reloc2.set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_PAIR);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                               fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                               return 2;
+                       }
+
+               case A::kDtraceTypeReference:
+               case A::kDtraceProbe:
+                       // generates no relocs
+                       return 0;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+//
+// There are cases when an entry in the indirect symbol table is the magic value
+// INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL instead of being a symbol index.  When that happens
+// the content of the corresponding part of the __nl_symbol_pointer section
+// must also change. 
+//
+template <typename A>
+bool Writer<A>::indirectSymbolIsLocal(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref) const
+{
+       //  use INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL in non-lazy-pointers for atoms that won't be in symbol table or have an addend
+       return ( !this->shouldExport(ref->getTarget()) || (ref->getTargetOffset() != 0) );
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::buildObjectFileFixups()
+{
+       uint32_t relocIndex = 0;
+       std::vector<SegmentInfo*>& segmentInfos = fSegmentInfos;
+       const int segCount = segmentInfos.size();
+       for(int i=0; i < segCount; ++i) {
+               SegmentInfo* curSegment = segmentInfos[i];
+               std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = curSegment->fSections;
+               const int sectionCount = sectionInfos.size();
+               for(int j=0; j < sectionCount; ++j) {
+                       SectionInfo* curSection = sectionInfos[j];
+                       //fprintf(stderr, "buildObjectFileFixups(): starting section %s\n", curSection->fSectionName);
+                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>& sectionAtoms = curSection->fAtoms;
+                       if ( ! curSection->fAllZeroFill ) {
+                               if ( curSection->fAllNonLazyPointers || curSection->fAllLazyPointers
+                                                       || curSection->fAllLazyDylibPointers || curSection->fAllStubs )
+                                       curSection->fIndirectSymbolOffset = fIndirectTableAtom->fTable.size();
+                               curSection->fRelocOffset = relocIndex;
+                               const int atomCount = sectionAtoms.size();
+                               for (int k=0; k < atomCount; ++k) {
+                                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = sectionAtoms[k];
+                                       //fprintf(stderr, "buildObjectFileFixups(): atom %s\n", atom->getDisplayName());
+                                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>& refs = atom->getReferences();
+                                       const int refCount = refs.size();
+                                       for (int l=0; l < refCount; ++l) {
+                                               ObjectFile::Reference* ref = refs[l];
+                                               if ( curSection->fAllNonLazyPointers || curSection->fAllLazyPointers 
+                                                                               || curSection->fAllLazyDylibPointers || curSection->fAllStubs ) {
+                                                       uint32_t offsetInSection = atom->getSectionOffset();
+                                                       uint32_t indexInSection = offsetInSection / atom->getSize();
+                                                       uint32_t undefinedSymbolIndex;
+                                                       if ( curSection->fAllStubs ) {
+                                                               ObjectFile::Atom& stubTarget =ref->getTarget();
+                                                               ObjectFile::Atom& stubTargetTarget = stubTarget.getReferences()[0]->getTarget();
+                                                               undefinedSymbolIndex = this->symbolIndex(stubTargetTarget);
+                                                               //fprintf(stderr, "stub %s ==> %s ==> %s ==> index:%u\n", atom->getDisplayName(), stubTarget.getDisplayName(), stubTargetTarget.getDisplayName(), undefinedSymbolIndex);
+                                                       }
+                                                       else if ( curSection->fAllNonLazyPointers) {
+                                                               // only use INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL in non-lazy-pointers for atoms that won't be in symbol table or have an addend
+                                                               if ( this->indirectSymbolIsLocal(ref) )
+                                                                       undefinedSymbolIndex = INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL;
+                                                               else
+                                                                       undefinedSymbolIndex = this->symbolIndex(ref->getTarget());
+                                                       }
+                                                       else {
+                                                               // should never get here, fAllLazyPointers not used in generated .o files
+                                                               undefinedSymbolIndex = INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL;
+                                                       }
+                                                       uint32_t indirectTableIndex = indexInSection + curSection->fIndirectSymbolOffset;
+                                                       IndirectEntry entry = { indirectTableIndex, undefinedSymbolIndex };
+                                                       //printf("fIndirectTableAtom->fTable.add(sectionIndex=%u, indirectTableIndex=%u => %u), size=%lld\n", indexInSection, indirectTableIndex, undefinedSymbolIndex, atom->getSize());
+                                                       fIndirectTableAtom->fTable.push_back(entry);
+                                                       if ( curSection->fAllLazyPointers ) {
+                                                               ObjectFile::Atom& target = ref->getTarget();
+                                                               ObjectFile::Atom& fromTarget = ref->getFromTarget();
+                                                               if ( &fromTarget == NULL ) {
+                                                                       warning("lazy pointer %s missing initial binding", atom->getDisplayName());
+                                                               }
+                                                               else {
+                                                                       bool isExtern = ( ((target.getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition)
+                                                                               || (target.getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition))
+                                                                               && (target.getSymbolTableInclusion() != ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableNotIn) );
+                                                                       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc1;
+                                                                       reloc1.set_r_address(atom->getSectionOffset());
+                                                                       reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(isExtern ? this->symbolIndex(target) : target.getSection()->getIndex());
+                                                                       reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                                                       reloc1.set_r_length();
+                                                                       reloc1.set_r_extern(isExtern);
+                                                                       reloc1.set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                                                                       fSectionRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                                                                       ++relocIndex;
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                                       else if ( curSection->fAllStubs ) {
+                                                               relocIndex += this->addObjectRelocs(atom, ref);
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                               else if ( (ref->getKind() != A::kNoFixUp) && (ref->getTargetBinding() != ObjectFile::Reference::kDontBind) ) {
+                                                       relocIndex += this->addObjectRelocs(atom, ref);
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               curSection->fRelocCount = relocIndex - curSection->fRelocOffset;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       // reverse the relocs
+       std::reverse(fSectionRelocs.begin(), fSectionRelocs.end());
+       
+       // now reverse section reloc offsets
+       for(int i=0; i < segCount; ++i) {
+               SegmentInfo* curSegment = segmentInfos[i];
+               std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = curSegment->fSections;
+               const int sectionCount = sectionInfos.size();
+               for(int j=0; j < sectionCount; ++j) {
+                       SectionInfo* curSection = sectionInfos[j];
+                       curSection->fRelocOffset = relocIndex - curSection->fRelocOffset - curSection->fRelocCount;
+               }
+       }
+
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc>::illegalRelocInFinalLinkedImage(const ObjectFile::Reference& ref)
+{
+       switch ( ref.getKind() ) {
+               case ppc::kAbsLow16:
+               case ppc::kAbsLow14:
+               case ppc::kAbsHigh16:
+               case ppc::kAbsHigh16AddLow:
+                       if ( fSlideable )
+                               return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc64>::illegalRelocInFinalLinkedImage(const ObjectFile::Reference& ref)
+{
+       switch ( ref.getKind() ) {
+               case ppc::kAbsLow16:
+               case ppc::kAbsLow14:
+               case ppc::kAbsHigh16:
+               case ppc::kAbsHigh16AddLow:
+                       if ( fSlideable )
+                               return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86>::illegalRelocInFinalLinkedImage(const ObjectFile::Reference& ref)
+{
+       if ( ref.getKind() == x86::kAbsolute32 ) {
+               switch ( ref.getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                               // illegal in dylibs/bundles, until we support TEXT relocs 
+                               return fSlideable;
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                               // illegal until we support TEXT relocs
+                               return true;
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                               // absolute symbbols only allowed in static executables
+                               return ( fOptions.outputKind() != Options::kStaticExecutable);
+               }
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86_64>::illegalRelocInFinalLinkedImage(const ObjectFile::Reference& ref)
+{
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<arm>::illegalRelocInFinalLinkedImage(const ObjectFile::Reference& ref)
+{
+       if ( ref.getKind() == arm::kReadOnlyPointer ) {
+               switch ( ref.getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                               // illegal in dylibs/bundles, until we support TEXT relocs 
+                               return fSlideable;
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                               // illegal until we support TEXT relocs
+                               return true;
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                               // absolute symbbols only allowed in static executables
+                               return ( fOptions.outputKind() != Options::kStaticExecutable);
+               }
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86>::generatesLocalTextReloc(const ObjectFile::Reference& ref, const ObjectFile::Atom& atom, SectionInfo* atomSection)
+{
+       if ( ref.getKind() == x86::kAbsolute32 ) {
+               switch ( ref.getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                               // a reference to the absolute address of something in this same linkage unit can be 
+                               // encoded as a local text reloc in a dylib or bundle 
+                               if ( fSlideable ) {
+                                       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc;
+                                       SectionInfo* sectInfo = (SectionInfo*)(ref.getTarget().getSection());
+                                       reloc.set_r_address(this->relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(atom.getAddress() + ref.getFixUpOffset(), &atom));
+                                       reloc.set_r_symbolnum(sectInfo->getIndex());
+                                       reloc.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                       reloc.set_r_length();
+                                       reloc.set_r_extern(false);
+                                       reloc.set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                                       fInternalRelocs.push_back(reloc);
+                                       atomSection->fHasTextLocalRelocs = true;
+                                       return true;
+                               }
+                               return false;
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                               return false;
+               }
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc>::generatesLocalTextReloc(const ObjectFile::Reference& ref, const ObjectFile::Atom& atom, SectionInfo* atomSection)
+{
+       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc1;
+       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc2;
+       switch ( ref.getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                       switch ( ref.getKind() ) {
+                               case ppc::kAbsLow16:
+                               case ppc::kAbsLow14:
+                                       // a reference to the absolute address of something in this same linkage unit can be 
+                                       // encoded as a local text reloc in a dylib or bundle 
+                                       if ( fSlideable ) {
+                                               SectionInfo* sectInfo = (SectionInfo*)(ref.getTarget().getSection());
+                                               uint32_t targetAddr = ref.getTarget().getAddress() + ref.getTargetOffset();
+                                               reloc1.set_r_address(this->relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(atom.getAddress() + ref.getFixUpOffset(), &atom));
+                                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(sectInfo->getIndex());
+                                               reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                               reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                                               reloc1.set_r_extern(false);
+                                               reloc1.set_r_type(ref.getKind()==ppc::kAbsLow16 ? PPC_RELOC_LO16 : PPC_RELOC_LO14);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_address(targetAddr >> 16);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_symbolnum(0);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_length(2);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_extern(false);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_PAIR);
+                                               fInternalRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                                               fInternalRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                                               atomSection->fHasTextLocalRelocs = true;
+                                               return true;
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               case ppc::kAbsHigh16:
+                               case ppc::kAbsHigh16AddLow:
+                                       if ( fSlideable ) {
+                                               SectionInfo* sectInfo = (SectionInfo*)(ref.getTarget().getSection());
+                                               uint32_t targetAddr = ref.getTarget().getAddress() + ref.getTargetOffset();
+                                               reloc1.set_r_address(this->relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(atom.getAddress() + ref.getFixUpOffset(), &atom));
+                                               reloc1.set_r_symbolnum(sectInfo->getIndex());
+                                               reloc1.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                               reloc1.set_r_length(2);
+                                               reloc1.set_r_extern(false);
+                                               reloc1.set_r_type(ref.getKind()==ppc::kAbsHigh16AddLow ? PPC_RELOC_HA16 : PPC_RELOC_HI16);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_address(targetAddr & 0xFFFF);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_symbolnum(0);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_length(2);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_extern(false);
+                                               reloc2.set_r_type(PPC_RELOC_PAIR);
+                                               fInternalRelocs.push_back(reloc1);
+                                               fInternalRelocs.push_back(reloc2);
+                                               atomSection->fHasTextLocalRelocs = true;
+                                               return true;
+                                       }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                       return false;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<arm>::generatesLocalTextReloc(const ObjectFile::Reference& ref, const ObjectFile::Atom& atom, SectionInfo* atomSection)
+{
+       if ( ref.getKind() == arm::kReadOnlyPointer ) {
+               switch ( ref.getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                               // a reference to the absolute address of something in this same linkage unit can be 
+                               // encoded as a local text reloc in a dylib or bundle 
+                               if ( fSlideable ) {
+                                       macho_relocation_info<P> reloc;
+                                       SectionInfo* sectInfo = (SectionInfo*)(ref.getTarget().getSection());
+                                       reloc.set_r_address(this->relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(atom.getAddress() + ref.getFixUpOffset(), &atom));
+                                       reloc.set_r_symbolnum(sectInfo->getIndex());
+                                       reloc.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                       reloc.set_r_length();
+                                       reloc.set_r_extern(false);
+                                       reloc.set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                                       fInternalRelocs.push_back(reloc);
+                                       atomSection->fHasTextLocalRelocs = true;
+                                       return true;
+                               }
+                               return false;
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                               return false;
+               }
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86_64>::generatesLocalTextReloc(const ObjectFile::Reference&, const ObjectFile::Atom& atom, SectionInfo* curSection)
+{
+       // text relocs not supported (usually never needed because of RIP addressing)
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc64>::generatesLocalTextReloc(const ObjectFile::Reference&, const ObjectFile::Atom& atom, SectionInfo* curSection)
+{
+       // text relocs not supported
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86>::generatesExternalTextReloc(const ObjectFile::Reference& ref, const ObjectFile::Atom& atom, SectionInfo* atomSection)
+{
+       if ( ref.getKind() == x86::kAbsolute32 ) {
+               macho_relocation_info<P> reloc;
+               switch ( ref.getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                               return false;
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                               // a reference to the absolute address of something in another linkage unit can be 
+                               // encoded as an external text reloc in a dylib or bundle 
+                               reloc.set_r_address(this->relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(atom.getAddress() + ref.getFixUpOffset(), &atom));
+                               reloc.set_r_symbolnum(this->symbolIndex(ref.getTarget()));
+                               reloc.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                               reloc.set_r_length();
+                               reloc.set_r_extern(true);
+                               reloc.set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                               fExternalRelocs.push_back(reloc);
+                               atomSection->fHasTextExternalRelocs = true;
+                               return true;
+                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                               return false;
+               }
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+bool Writer<A>::generatesExternalTextReloc(const ObjectFile::Reference&, const ObjectFile::Atom& atom, SectionInfo* curSection)
+{
+       return false;
+}
+
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+typename Writer<A>::RelocKind Writer<A>::relocationNeededInFinalLinkedImage(const ObjectFile::Atom& target) const
+{
+       switch ( target.getDefinitionKind() ) {
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                       // in main executables, the only way regular symbols are indirected is if -interposable is used
+                       if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDynamicExecutable ) {
+                               if ( this->shouldExport(target) && fOptions.interposable(target.getName()) )
+                                       return kRelocExternal;
+                               else if ( fSlideable )
+                                       return kRelocInternal;
+                               else
+                                       return kRelocNone;
+                       }
+                       // for flat-namespace or interposable two-level-namespace
+                       // all references to exported symbols get indirected
+                       else if ( this->shouldExport(target) &&
+                          ((fOptions.nameSpace() == Options::kFlatNameSpace)
+                         || (fOptions.nameSpace() == Options::kForceFlatNameSpace)
+                         || fOptions.interposable(target.getName())) 
+                         && (target.getName() != NULL) 
+                         && (strncmp(target.getName(), ".objc_class_", 12) != 0) ) // <rdar://problem/5254468>
+                               return kRelocExternal;
+                       else if ( fSlideable )
+                               return kRelocInternal;
+                       else
+                               return kRelocNone;
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                       // all calls to global weak definitions get indirected
+                       if ( this->shouldExport(target) )
+                               return kRelocExternal;
+                       else if ( fSlideable )
+                               return kRelocInternal;
+                       else
+                               return kRelocNone;
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                       return kRelocExternal;
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                       return kRelocNone;
+       }
+       return kRelocNone;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t Writer<A>::relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(uint64_t address, const ObjectFile::Atom* atom) const
+{
+       // for 32-bit architectures, the r_address field in relocs
+       // for final linked images is the offset from the first segment
+       uint64_t result = address - fSegmentInfos[0]->fBaseAddress;
+       // or the offset from the first writable segment if built split-seg
+       if ( fOptions.splitSeg() )
+               result = address - fFirstWritableSegment->fBaseAddress;
+       if ( result > 0x7FFFFFFF ) {
+               throwf("image too large: address can't fit in 31-bit r_address field in %s from %s",
+                       atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t Writer<x86_64>::relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(uint64_t address, const ObjectFile::Atom* atom)  const
+{
+       // for x86_64, the r_address field in relocs for final linked images 
+       // is the offset from the start address of the first writable segment
+       uint64_t result = address - fFirstWritableSegment->fBaseAddress;
+       if ( result > 0xFFFFFFFF ) {
+               throwf("image too large: address can't fit in 32-bit r_address field in %s from %s",
+                       atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t Writer<ppc64>::relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(uint64_t address, const ObjectFile::Atom* atom)  const
+{
+       // for ppc64, the Mac OS X 10.4 dyld assumes r_address is always the offset from the base address.  
+       // the 10.5 dyld, iterprets the r_address as:
+       //   1) an offset from the base address, iff there are no writable segments with a address > 4GB from base address, otherwise
+       //   2) an offset from the base address of the first writable segment
+       // For dyld, r_address is always the offset from the base address
+       uint64_t result;
+       bool badFor10_4 = false;
+       if ( fWritableSegmentPastFirst4GB ) {
+               if ( fOptions.macosxVersionMin() < ObjectFile::ReaderOptions::k10_5 )
+                       badFor10_4 = true;
+               result = address - fFirstWritableSegment->fBaseAddress;
+               if ( result > 0xFFFFFFFF ) {
+                       throwf("image too large: address can't fit in 32-bit r_address field in %s from %s",
+                               atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+               }
+       }
+       else {
+               result = address - fSegmentInfos[0]->fBaseAddress;
+               if ( (fOptions.macosxVersionMin() < ObjectFile::ReaderOptions::k10_5) && (result > 0x7FFFFFFF) )
+                       badFor10_4 = true;
+       }
+       if ( badFor10_4 ) {
+                       throwf("image or pagezero_size too large for Mac OS X 10.4: address can't fit in 31-bit r_address field for %s from %s",
+                               atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+
+
+template <> bool    Writer<ppc>::preboundLazyPointerType(uint8_t* type) { *type = PPC_RELOC_PB_LA_PTR; return true; }
+template <> bool  Writer<ppc64>::preboundLazyPointerType(uint8_t* type) { throw "prebinding not supported"; }
+template <> bool    Writer<x86>::preboundLazyPointerType(uint8_t* type) { *type = GENERIC_RELOC_PB_LA_PTR; return true; }
+template <> bool Writer<x86_64>::preboundLazyPointerType(uint8_t* type) { throw "prebinding not supported"; }
+template <> bool    Writer<arm>::preboundLazyPointerType(uint8_t* type) { *type = ARM_RELOC_PB_LA_PTR; return true; }
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::buildExecutableFixups()
+{
+       fIndirectTableAtom->fTable.reserve(50);  // minimize reallocations
+       std::vector<SegmentInfo*>& segmentInfos = fSegmentInfos;
+       const int segCount = segmentInfos.size();
+       for(int i=0; i < segCount; ++i) {
+               SegmentInfo* curSegment = segmentInfos[i];
+               std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = curSegment->fSections;
+               const int sectionCount = sectionInfos.size();
+               for(int j=0; j < sectionCount; ++j) {
+                       SectionInfo* curSection = sectionInfos[j];
+                       //fprintf(stderr, "starting section %s\n", curSection->fSectionName);
+                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>& sectionAtoms = curSection->fAtoms;
+                       if ( ! curSection->fAllZeroFill ) {
+                               if ( curSection->fAllNonLazyPointers || curSection->fAllLazyPointers || curSection->fAllLazyDylibPointers 
+                                                                                               || curSection->fAllStubs || curSection->fAllSelfModifyingStubs )
+                                       curSection->fIndirectSymbolOffset = fIndirectTableAtom->fTable.size();
+                               const int atomCount = sectionAtoms.size();
+                               for (int k=0; k < atomCount; ++k) {
+                                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = sectionAtoms[k];
+                                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>& refs = atom->getReferences();
+                                       const int refCount = refs.size();
+                                       //fprintf(stderr, "atom %s has %d references in section %s, %p\n", atom->getDisplayName(), refCount, curSection->fSectionName, atom->getSection());
+                                       for (int l=0; l < refCount; ++l) {
+                                               ObjectFile::Reference* ref = refs[l];
+                                               if ( curSection->fAllNonLazyPointers || curSection->fAllLazyPointers || curSection->fAllLazyDylibPointers ) {
+                                                       // if atom is in (non)lazy_pointer section, this is encoded as an indirect symbol
+                                                       if ( atom->getSize() != sizeof(pint_t) ) {
+                                                               warning("wrong size pointer atom %s from file %s", atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+                                                       }
+                                                       ObjectFile::Atom* pointerTarget = &(ref->getTarget());
+                                                       if ( curSection->fAllLazyPointers || curSection->fAllLazyDylibPointers ) {
+                                                               pointerTarget = ((LazyPointerAtom<A>*)atom)->getTarget();
+                                                       }
+                                                       uint32_t offsetInSection = atom->getSectionOffset();
+                                                       uint32_t indexInSection = offsetInSection / sizeof(pint_t);
+                                                       uint32_t undefinedSymbolIndex = INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL;
+                                                       if ( this->relocationNeededInFinalLinkedImage(*pointerTarget) == kRelocExternal )
+                                                               undefinedSymbolIndex = this->symbolIndex(*pointerTarget);
+                                                       uint32_t indirectTableIndex = indexInSection + curSection->fIndirectSymbolOffset;
+                                                       IndirectEntry entry = { indirectTableIndex, undefinedSymbolIndex };
+                                                       //fprintf(stderr,"fIndirectTableAtom->fTable.push_back(tableIndex=%d, symIndex=0x%X), pointerTarget=%s\n", 
+                                                       //              indirectTableIndex, undefinedSymbolIndex, pointerTarget->getDisplayName());
+                                                       fIndirectTableAtom->fTable.push_back(entry);
+                                                       if ( curSection->fAllLazyPointers || curSection->fAllLazyDylibPointers ) {
+                                                               uint8_t preboundLazyType;
+                                                               if ( fOptions.prebind() && (fDyldHelper != NULL) 
+                                                                               && curSection->fAllLazyPointers && preboundLazyPointerType(&preboundLazyType) ) {
+                                                                       // this is a prebound image, need special relocs for dyld to reset lazy pointers if prebinding is invalid
+                                                                       macho_scattered_relocation_info<P> pblaReloc;
+                                                                       pblaReloc.set_r_scattered(true);
+                                                                       pblaReloc.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                                                       pblaReloc.set_r_length();
+                                                                       pblaReloc.set_r_type(preboundLazyType);
+                                                                       pblaReloc.set_r_address(relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(atom->getAddress(), atom));
+                                                                       pblaReloc.set_r_value(fDyldHelper->getAddress());
+                                                                       fInternalRelocs.push_back(*((macho_relocation_info<P>*)&pblaReloc));
+                                                               }
+                                                               else if ( fSlideable ) {
+                                                                       // this is a non-prebound dylib/bundle, need vanilla internal relocation to fix up binding handler if image slides
+                                                                       macho_relocation_info<P> dyldHelperReloc;
+                                                                       uint32_t sectionNum = 1;
+                                                                       if ( fDyldHelper != NULL )
+                                                                               sectionNum = ((SectionInfo*)(fDyldHelper->getSection()))->getIndex();
+                                                                       //fprintf(stderr, "lazy pointer reloc, section index=%u, section name=%s\n", sectionNum, curSection->fSectionName);
+                                                                       dyldHelperReloc.set_r_address(relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(atom->getAddress(), atom));
+                                                                       dyldHelperReloc.set_r_symbolnum(sectionNum);
+                                                                       dyldHelperReloc.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                                                       dyldHelperReloc.set_r_length();
+                                                                       dyldHelperReloc.set_r_extern(false);
+                                                                       dyldHelperReloc.set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                                                                       fInternalRelocs.push_back(dyldHelperReloc);
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                               else if ( (ref->getKind() == A::kPointer) || (ref->getKind() == A::kPointerWeakImport) ) {
+                                                       if ( fSlideable && ((curSegment->fInitProtection & VM_PROT_WRITE) == 0) ) {
+                                                               throwf("pointer in read-only segment not allowed in slidable image, used in %s from %s",
+                                                                               atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+                                                       }
+                                                       switch ( this->relocationNeededInFinalLinkedImage(ref->getTarget()) ) {
+                                                               case kRelocNone:
+                                                                       // no reloc needed
+                                                                       break;
+                                                               case kRelocInternal:
+                                                                       {
+                                                                               macho_relocation_info<P> internalReloc;
+                                                                               SectionInfo* sectInfo = (SectionInfo*)ref->getTarget().getSection();
+                                                                               uint32_t sectionNum = sectInfo->getIndex();
+                                                                               // special case _mh_dylib_header and friends which are not in any real section
+                                                                               if ( (sectionNum ==0) && sectInfo->fVirtualSection && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "._mach_header") == 0) )
+                                                                                       sectionNum = 1;
+                                                                               internalReloc.set_r_address(this->relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(atom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset(), atom));
+                                                                               internalReloc.set_r_symbolnum(sectionNum);
+                                                                               internalReloc.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                                                               internalReloc.set_r_length();
+                                                                               internalReloc.set_r_extern(false);
+                                                                               internalReloc.set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                                                                               fInternalRelocs.push_back(internalReloc);
+                                                                       }
+                                                                       break;
+                                                               case kRelocExternal:
+                                                                       {
+                                                                               macho_relocation_info<P> externalReloc;
+                                                                               externalReloc.set_r_address(this->relocAddressInFinalLinkedImage(atom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset(), atom));
+                                                                               externalReloc.set_r_symbolnum(this->symbolIndex(ref->getTarget()));
+                                                                               externalReloc.set_r_pcrel(false);
+                                                                               externalReloc.set_r_length();
+                                                                               externalReloc.set_r_extern(true);
+                                                                               externalReloc.set_r_type(GENERIC_RELOC_VANILLA);
+                                                                               fExternalRelocs.push_back(externalReloc);
+                                                                       }
+                                                                       break;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                               else if ( this->illegalRelocInFinalLinkedImage(*ref) ) {
+                                                       if ( fOptions.allowTextRelocs() && !atom->getSegment().isContentWritable() ) {
+                                                               if ( fOptions.warnAboutTextRelocs() )
+                                                                       warning("text reloc in %s to %s", atom->getDisplayName(), ref->getTargetName());
+                                                               if (  this->generatesLocalTextReloc(*ref, *atom, curSection) ) {
+                                                                       // relocs added to fInternalRelocs
+                                                               }
+                                                               else if ( this->generatesExternalTextReloc(*ref, *atom, curSection) ) {
+                                                                       // relocs added to fExternalRelocs
+                                                               }
+                                                               else {
+                                                                       throwf("relocation used in %s from %s not allowed in slidable image", atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                                       else {
+                                                               throwf("absolute addressing (perhaps -mdynamic-no-pic) used in %s from %s not allowed in slidable image. "
+                                                                               "Use '-read_only_relocs suppress' to enable text relocs", atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       if ( curSection->fAllSelfModifyingStubs || curSection->fAllStubs ) {
+                                               ObjectFile::Atom* stubTarget = ((StubAtom<A>*)atom)->getTarget();
+                                               uint32_t undefinedSymbolIndex = (stubTarget != NULL) ? this->symbolIndex(*stubTarget) : INDIRECT_SYMBOL_ABS;
+                                               uint32_t offsetInSection = atom->getSectionOffset();
+                                               uint32_t indexInSection = offsetInSection / atom->getSize();
+                                               uint32_t indirectTableIndex = indexInSection + curSection->fIndirectSymbolOffset;
+                                               IndirectEntry entry = { indirectTableIndex, undefinedSymbolIndex };
+                                               //fprintf(stderr,"for stub: fIndirectTableAtom->fTable.add(%d-%d => 0x%X-%s), size=%lld\n", indexInSection, indirectTableIndex, undefinedSymbolIndex, stubTarget->getName(), atom->getSize());
+                                               fIndirectTableAtom->fTable.push_back(entry);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       if ( fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom != NULL )
+               fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->encode();
+}
+
+
+template <>
+void Writer<ppc>::addCrossSegmentRef(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       switch ( (ppc::ReferenceKinds)ref->getKind() ) {
+               case ppc::kPICBaseHigh16:
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->addPPCHi16Location(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       break;
+               case ppc::kPointerDiff32:
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->add32bitPointerLocation(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       break;
+               case ppc::kPointerDiff64:
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->add64bitPointerLocation(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       break;
+               case ppc::kNoFixUp:
+               case ppc::kGroupSubordinate:
+               case ppc::kPointer:
+               case ppc::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case ppc::kPICBaseLow16:
+               case ppc::kPICBaseLow14:
+                       // ignore
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       warning("codegen with reference kind %d in %s prevents image from loading in dyld shared cache", ref->getKind(), atom->getDisplayName());
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->setCantEncode();
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<ppc64>::addCrossSegmentRef(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       switch ( (ppc64::ReferenceKinds)ref->getKind()  ) {
+               case ppc64::kPICBaseHigh16:
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->addPPCHi16Location(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       break;
+               case ppc64::kPointerDiff32:
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->add32bitPointerLocation(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       break;
+               case ppc64::kPointerDiff64:
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->add64bitPointerLocation(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       break;
+               case ppc64::kNoFixUp:
+               case ppc64::kGroupSubordinate:
+               case ppc64::kPointer:
+               case ppc64::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case ppc64::kPICBaseLow16:
+               case ppc64::kPICBaseLow14:
+                       // ignore
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       warning("codegen with reference kind %d in %s prevents image from loading in dyld shared cache", ref->getKind(), atom->getDisplayName());
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->setCantEncode();
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86>::addCrossSegmentRef(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       switch ( (x86::ReferenceKinds)ref->getKind()  ) {
+               case x86::kPointerDiff:
+                       if ( strcmp(ref->getTarget().getSegment().getName(), "__IMPORT") == 0 ) 
+                               fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->add32bitImportLocation(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       else
+                               fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->add32bitPointerLocation(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       break;
+               case x86::kNoFixUp:
+               case x86::kGroupSubordinate:
+               case x86::kPointer:
+               case x86::kPointerWeakImport:
+                       // ignore
+                       break;
+               case x86::kPCRel32:
+               case x86::kPCRel32WeakImport:
+                       if (    (&(ref->getTarget().getSegment()) == &Segment::fgImportSegment)
+                               ||  (&(ref->getTarget().getSegment()) == &Segment::fgROImportSegment) ) {
+                               fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->add32bitImportLocation(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       // fall into warning case
+               default:
+                       warning("codegen in %s (offset 0x%08llX) prevents image from loading in dyld shared cache", atom->getDisplayName(), ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->setCantEncode();
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86_64>::addCrossSegmentRef(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       switch ( (x86_64::ReferenceKinds)ref->getKind()  ) {
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_1:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_2:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_4:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoad:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoadWeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOT:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTWeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kPointerDiff32:
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->add32bitPointerLocation(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kPointerDiff:
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->add64bitPointerLocation(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kNoFixUp:
+               case x86_64::kGroupSubordinate:
+               case x86_64::kPointer:
+                       // ignore
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       warning("codegen in %s with kind %d prevents image from loading in dyld shared cache", atom->getDisplayName(), ref->getKind());
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->setCantEncode();
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<arm>::addCrossSegmentRef(const ObjectFile::Atom* atom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       switch ( (arm::ReferenceKinds)ref->getKind()  ) {
+               case arm::kPointerDiff:
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->add32bitPointerLocation(atom, ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       break;
+               case arm::kNoFixUp:
+               case arm::kGroupSubordinate:
+               case arm::kPointer:
+               case arm::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case arm::kReadOnlyPointer:
+                       // ignore
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       warning("codegen in %s prevents image from loading in dyld shared cache", atom->getDisplayName());
+                       fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->setCantEncode();
+       }
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+bool Writer<A>::segmentsCanSplitApart(const ObjectFile::Atom& from, const ObjectFile::Atom& to)
+{
+       switch ( to.getDefinitionKind() ) {
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                       return false;
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                       // segments with same permissions slide together
+                       return ( (from.getSegment().isContentExecutable() != to.getSegment().isContentExecutable())
+                                       || (from.getSegment().isContentWritable() != to.getSegment().isContentWritable()) );
+       }
+       throw "ld64 internal error";
+}
+
+
+template <>
+void Writer<ppc>::writeNoOps(int fd, uint32_t from, uint32_t to)
+{
+       uint32_t ppcNop;
+       OSWriteBigInt32(&ppcNop, 0, 0x60000000);
+       for (uint32_t p=from; p < to; p += 4)
+               ::pwrite(fd, &ppcNop, 4, p);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<ppc64>::writeNoOps(int fd, uint32_t from, uint32_t to)
+{
+       uint32_t ppcNop;
+       OSWriteBigInt32(&ppcNop, 0, 0x60000000);
+       for (uint32_t p=from; p < to; p += 4)
+               ::pwrite(fd, &ppcNop, 4, p);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86>::writeNoOps(int fd, uint32_t from, uint32_t to)
+{
+       uint8_t x86Nop = 0x90;
+       for (uint32_t p=from; p < to; ++p)
+               ::pwrite(fd, &x86Nop, 1, p);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86_64>::writeNoOps(int fd, uint32_t from, uint32_t to)
+{
+       uint8_t x86Nop = 0x90;
+       for (uint32_t p=from; p < to; ++p)
+               ::pwrite(fd, &x86Nop, 1, p);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<arm>::writeNoOps(int fd, uint32_t from, uint32_t to)
+{
+       // FIXME: need thumb nop?
+       uint32_t armNop;
+       OSWriteLittleInt32(&armNop, 0, 0xe1a00000);
+       for (uint32_t p=from; p < to; p += 4)
+               ::pwrite(fd, &armNop, 4, p);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<ppc>::copyNoOps(uint8_t* from, uint8_t* to)
+{
+       for (uint8_t* p=from; p < to; p += 4)
+               OSWriteBigInt32((uint32_t*)p, 0, 0x60000000);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<ppc64>::copyNoOps(uint8_t* from, uint8_t* to)
+{
+       for (uint8_t* p=from; p < to; p += 4)
+               OSWriteBigInt32((uint32_t*)p, 0, 0x60000000);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86>::copyNoOps(uint8_t* from, uint8_t* to)
+{
+       for (uint8_t* p=from; p < to; ++p)
+               *p = 0x90;
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86_64>::copyNoOps(uint8_t* from, uint8_t* to)
+{
+       for (uint8_t* p=from; p < to; ++p)
+               *p = 0x90;
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<arm>::copyNoOps(uint8_t* from, uint8_t* to)
+{
+    // fixme: need thumb nop?
+       for (uint8_t* p=from; p < to; p += 4)
+               OSWriteBigInt32((uint32_t*)p, 0, 0xe1a00000);
+}
+
+static const char* stringName(const char* str)
+{
+       if ( strncmp(str, "cstring=", 8) == 0)  {
+               static char buffer[1024];
+               char* t = buffer;
+               *t++ = '\"';
+               for(const char*s = &str[8]; *s != '\0'; ++s) {
+                       switch(*s) {
+                               case '\n':
+                                       *t++ = '\\';
+                                       *t++ = 'n';
+                                       break;
+                               case '\t':
+                                       *t++ = '\\';
+                                       *t++ = 't';
+                                       break;
+                               default:
+                                       *t++ = *s;
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       if ( t > &buffer[1020] ) {
+                               *t++= '\"';
+                               *t++= '.';
+                               *t++= '.';
+                               *t++= '.';
+                               *t++= '\0';
+                               return buffer;
+                       }
+               }
+               *t++= '\"';
+               *t++= '\0';
+               return buffer;
+       }
+       else {
+               return str;
+       }
+}
+
+
+template <> const char* Writer<ppc>::getArchString()    { return "ppc"; }
+template <> const char* Writer<ppc64>::getArchString()  { return "ppc64"; }
+template <> const char* Writer<x86>::getArchString()    { return "i386"; }
+template <> const char* Writer<x86_64>::getArchString() { return "x86_64"; }
+template <> const char* Writer<arm>::getArchString()    { return "arm"; }
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::writeMap()
+{
+       if ( fOptions.generatedMapPath() != NULL ) {
+               FILE* mapFile = fopen(fOptions.generatedMapPath(), "w"); 
+               if ( mapFile != NULL ) {
+                       // write output path
+                       fprintf(mapFile, "# Path: %s\n", fFilePath);
+                       // write output architecure
+                       fprintf(mapFile, "# Arch: %s\n", getArchString());
+                       // write UUID
+                       if ( fUUIDAtom != NULL ) {
+                               const uint8_t* uuid = fUUIDAtom->getUUID();
+                               fprintf(mapFile, "# UUID: %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X %2X \n",
+                                       uuid[0], uuid[1], uuid[2],  uuid[3],  uuid[4],  uuid[5],  uuid[6],  uuid[7],
+                                       uuid[8], uuid[9], uuid[10], uuid[11], uuid[12], uuid[13], uuid[14], uuid[15]);
+                       }
+                       // write table of object files
+                       std::map<ObjectFile::Reader*, uint32_t> readerToOrdinal;
+                       std::map<uint32_t, ObjectFile::Reader*> ordinalToReader;
+                       std::map<ObjectFile::Reader*, uint32_t> readerToFileOrdinal;
+                       for (std::vector<SegmentInfo*>::iterator segit = fSegmentInfos.begin(); segit != fSegmentInfos.end(); ++segit) {
+                               std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = (*segit)->fSections;
+                               for (std::vector<SectionInfo*>::iterator secit = sectionInfos.begin(); secit != sectionInfos.end(); ++secit) {
+                                       if ( ! (*secit)->fVirtualSection ) {
+                                               std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>& sectionAtoms = (*secit)->fAtoms;
+                                               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator ait = sectionAtoms.begin(); ait != sectionAtoms.end(); ++ait) {
+                                                       ObjectFile::Reader* reader = (*ait)->getFile();
+                                                       uint32_t readerOrdinal = (*ait)->getOrdinal();
+                                                       std::map<ObjectFile::Reader*, uint32_t>::iterator pos = readerToOrdinal.find(reader);
+                                                       if ( pos == readerToOrdinal.end() ) {
+                                                               readerToOrdinal[reader] = readerOrdinal;
+                                                               ordinalToReader[readerOrdinal] = reader;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       fprintf(mapFile, "# Object files:\n");
+                       fprintf(mapFile, "[%3u] %s\n", 0, "linker synthesized");
+                       uint32_t fileIndex = 0;
+                       readerToFileOrdinal[this] = fileIndex++;
+                       for(std::map<uint32_t, ObjectFile::Reader*>::iterator it = ordinalToReader.begin(); it != ordinalToReader.end(); ++it) {
+                               if ( it->first != 0 ) {
+                                       fprintf(mapFile, "[%3u] %s\n", fileIndex, it->second->getPath());
+                                       readerToFileOrdinal[it->second] = fileIndex++;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       // write table of sections
+                       fprintf(mapFile, "# Sections:\n");
+                       fprintf(mapFile, "# Address\tSize    \tSegment\tSection\n"); 
+                       for (std::vector<SegmentInfo*>::iterator segit = fSegmentInfos.begin(); segit != fSegmentInfos.end(); ++segit) {
+                               std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = (*segit)->fSections;
+                               for (std::vector<SectionInfo*>::iterator secit = sectionInfos.begin(); secit != sectionInfos.end(); ++secit) {
+                                       if ( ! (*secit)->fVirtualSection ) {
+                                               SectionInfo* sect = *secit;
+                                               fprintf(mapFile, "0x%08llX\t0x%08llX\t%s\t%s\n", sect->getBaseAddress(), sect->fSize, 
+                                                       (*segit)->fName, sect->fSectionName);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       // write table of symbols
+                       fprintf(mapFile, "# Symbols:\n");
+                       fprintf(mapFile, "# Address\tSize    \tFile  Name\n"); 
+                       for (std::vector<SegmentInfo*>::iterator segit = fSegmentInfos.begin(); segit != fSegmentInfos.end(); ++segit) {
+                               std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = (*segit)->fSections;
+                               for (std::vector<SectionInfo*>::iterator secit = sectionInfos.begin(); secit != sectionInfos.end(); ++secit) {
+                                       if ( ! (*secit)->fVirtualSection ) {
+                                               std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>& sectionAtoms = (*secit)->fAtoms;
+                                               bool isCstring = (strcmp((*secit)->fSectionName, "__cstring") == 0);
+                                               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator ait = sectionAtoms.begin(); ait != sectionAtoms.end(); ++ait) {
+                                                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *ait;
+                                                       fprintf(mapFile, "0x%08llX\t0x%08llX\t[%3u] %s\n", atom->getAddress(), atom->getSize(), 
+                                                               readerToFileOrdinal[atom->getFile()], isCstring ? stringName(atom->getDisplayName()): atom->getDisplayName());
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       fclose(mapFile);
+               }
+               else {
+                       warning("could not write map file: %s\n", fOptions.generatedMapPath());
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static const char* sCleanupFile = NULL;
+static void cleanup(int sig)
+{
+       ::signal(sig, SIG_DFL);
+       if ( sCleanupFile != NULL ) {
+               ::unlink(sCleanupFile);
+       }
+       if ( sig == SIGINT )
+               ::exit(1);
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t Writer<A>::writeAtoms()
+{
+       // for UNIX conformance, error if file exists and is not writable
+       if ( (access(fFilePath, F_OK) == 0) && (access(fFilePath, W_OK) == -1) )
+               throwf("can't write output file: %s", fFilePath);
+
+       int permissions = 0777;
+       if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile )
+               permissions = 0666;
+       // Calling unlink first assures the file is gone so that open creates it with correct permissions
+       // It also handles the case where fFilePath file is not writable but its directory is
+       // And it means we don't have to truncate the file when done writing (in case new is smaller than old)
+       (void)unlink(fFilePath);
+       
+       // try to allocate buffer for entire output file content
+       int fd = -1;
+       SectionInfo* lastSection = fSegmentInfos.back()->fSections.back();
+       uint64_t fileBufferSize = (lastSection->fFileOffset + lastSection->fSize + 4095) & (-4096);
+       uint8_t* wholeBuffer = (uint8_t*)calloc(fileBufferSize, 1);
+       uint8_t* atomBuffer = NULL;
+       bool streaming = false;
+       if ( wholeBuffer == NULL ) {
+               fd = open(fFilePath, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, permissions);
+               if ( fd == -1 ) 
+                       throwf("can't open output file for writing: %s, errno=%d", fFilePath, errno);
+               atomBuffer = new uint8_t[(fLargestAtomSize+4095) & (-4096)];
+               streaming = true;
+               // install signal handlers to delete output file if program is killed 
+               sCleanupFile = fFilePath;
+               ::signal(SIGINT, cleanup);
+               ::signal(SIGBUS, cleanup);
+               ::signal(SIGSEGV, cleanup);
+       }
+       uint32_t size = 0;
+       uint32_t end = 0;
+       try {
+               for (std::vector<SegmentInfo*>::iterator segit = fSegmentInfos.begin(); segit != fSegmentInfos.end(); ++segit) {
+                       SegmentInfo* curSegment = *segit;
+                       bool isTextSeg = (strcmp(curSegment->fName, "__TEXT") == 0);
+                       std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = curSegment->fSections;
+                       for (std::vector<SectionInfo*>::iterator secit = sectionInfos.begin(); secit != sectionInfos.end(); ++secit) {
+                               SectionInfo* curSection = *secit;
+                               std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>& sectionAtoms = curSection->fAtoms;
+                               //printf("writing with max atom size 0x%X\n", fLargestAtomSize);
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "writing %lu atoms for section %s\n", sectionAtoms.size(), curSection->fSectionName);
+                               if ( ! curSection->fAllZeroFill ) {
+                                       end = curSection->fFileOffset;
+                                       bool needsNops = isTextSeg && (strcmp(curSection->fSectionName, "__cstring") != 0);
+                                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator ait = sectionAtoms.begin(); ait != sectionAtoms.end(); ++ait) {
+                                               ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *ait;
+                                               if ( (atom->getDefinitionKind() != ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition)
+                                                 && (atom->getDefinitionKind() != ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition)
+                                                 && (atom->getDefinitionKind() != ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol) ) {
+                                                       uint32_t fileOffset = curSection->fFileOffset + atom->getSectionOffset();
+                                                       if ( fileOffset != end ) {
+                                                               if ( needsNops ) {
+                                                                       // fill gaps with no-ops
+                                                                       if ( streaming )
+                                                                               writeNoOps(fd, end, fileOffset);
+                                                                       else
+                                                                               copyNoOps(&wholeBuffer[end], &wholeBuffer[fileOffset]);
+                                                               }
+                                                               else if ( streaming ) {
+                                                                       // zero fill gaps
+                                                                       if ( (fileOffset-end) == 4 ) {
+                                                                               uint32_t zero = 0;
+                                                                               ::pwrite(fd, &zero, 4, end);
+                                                                       }
+                                                                       else {
+                                                                               uint8_t zero = 0x00;
+                                                                               for (uint32_t p=end; p < fileOffset; ++p)
+                                                                                       ::pwrite(fd, &zero, 1, p);
+                                                                       }
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                                       uint64_t atomSize = atom->getSize();
+                                                       if ( streaming ) {
+                                                               if ( atomSize > fLargestAtomSize ) 
+                                                                       throwf("ld64 internal error: atom \"%s\"is larger than expected 0x%X > 0x%llX", 
+                                                                                               atom->getDisplayName(), atomSize, fLargestAtomSize);
+                                                       }
+                                                       else {
+                                                               if ( fileOffset > fileBufferSize )
+                                                                       throwf("ld64 internal error: atom \"%s\" has file offset greater thatn expceted 0x%X > 0x%llX", 
+                                                                                               atom->getDisplayName(), fileOffset, fileBufferSize);
+                                                       }
+                                                       uint8_t* buffer = streaming ? atomBuffer : &wholeBuffer[fileOffset];
+                                                       end = fileOffset+atomSize;
+                                                       // copy raw bytes
+                                                       atom->copyRawContent(buffer);
+                                                       // apply any fix-ups
+                                                       try {
+                                                               std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  references = atom->getReferences();
+                                                               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>::iterator it=references.begin(); it != references.end(); it++) {
+                                                                       ObjectFile::Reference* ref = *it;
+                                                                       if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile ) {
+                                                                               // doing ld -r
+                                                                               // skip fix-ups for undefined targets
+                                                                               if ( &(ref->getTarget()) != NULL )
+                                                                                       this->fixUpReferenceRelocatable(ref, atom, buffer);
+                                                                       }
+                                                                       else {
+                                                                               // producing final linked image
+                                                                               this->fixUpReferenceFinal(ref, atom, buffer);
+                                                                       }
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                                       catch (const char* msg) {
+                                                               throwf("%s in %s from %s", msg, atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+                                                       }
+                                                       //fprintf(stderr, "writing 0x%08X -> 0x%08X (addr=0x%llX, size=0x%llX), atom %s from %s\n", 
+                                                       //      fileOffset, end, atom->getAddress(), atom->getSize(), atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+                                                       if ( streaming ) {
+                                                               // write out
+                                                               ::pwrite(fd, buffer, atomSize, fileOffset);
+                                                       }
+                                                       else {
+                                                               if ( (fileOffset + atomSize) > size )
+                                                                       size = fileOffset + atomSize;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // update content based UUID
+               if ( fOptions.getUUIDMode() == Options::kUUIDContent ) {
+                       uint8_t digest[CC_MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH];
+                       if ( streaming ) {
+                               // if output file file did not fit in memory, re-read file to generate md5 hash
+                               uint32_t kMD5BufferSize = 16*1024;
+                               uint8_t* md5Buffer = (uint8_t*)::malloc(kMD5BufferSize);
+                               if ( md5Buffer != NULL ) {
+                                       CC_MD5_CTX md5State;
+                                       CC_MD5_Init(&md5State);
+                                       ::lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+                                       ssize_t len;
+                                       while ( (len = ::read(fd, md5Buffer, kMD5BufferSize)) > 0 ) 
+                                               CC_MD5_Update(&md5State, md5Buffer, len);
+                                       CC_MD5_Final(digest, &md5State);
+                                       ::free(md5Buffer);
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       // if malloc fails, fall back to random uuid
+                                       ::uuid_generate_random(digest);
+                               }
+                               fUUIDAtom->setContent(digest);
+                               uint32_t uuidOffset = ((SectionInfo*)fUUIDAtom->getSection())->fFileOffset + fUUIDAtom->getSectionOffset();
+                               fUUIDAtom->copyRawContent(atomBuffer);
+                               ::pwrite(fd, atomBuffer, fUUIDAtom->getSize(), uuidOffset);
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               // if output file fit in memory, just genrate an md5 hash in memory
+                       #if 1
+                               // temp hack for building on Tiger
+                               CC_MD5_CTX md5State;
+                               CC_MD5_Init(&md5State);
+                               CC_MD5_Update(&md5State, wholeBuffer, size);
+                               CC_MD5_Final(digest, &md5State);
+                       #else
+                               CC_MD5(wholeBuffer, size, digest);
+                       #endif
+                               fUUIDAtom->setContent(digest);
+                               uint32_t uuidOffset = ((SectionInfo*)fUUIDAtom->getSection())->fFileOffset + fUUIDAtom->getSectionOffset();
+                               fUUIDAtom->copyRawContent(&wholeBuffer[uuidOffset]);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       catch (...) {
+               if ( sCleanupFile != NULL ) 
+                       ::unlink(sCleanupFile);
+               throw;
+       }
+       
+       // finish up
+       if ( streaming ) {
+               delete [] atomBuffer;
+               close(fd);
+               // restore default signal handlers
+               sCleanupFile = NULL;
+               ::signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
+               ::signal(SIGBUS, SIG_DFL);
+               ::signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
+       }
+       else {
+               // write whole output file in one chunk
+               fd = open(fFilePath, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, permissions);
+               if ( fd == -1 ) 
+                       throwf("can't open output file for writing: %s, errno=%d", fFilePath, errno);
+               ::pwrite(fd, wholeBuffer, size, 0);
+               close(fd);
+               delete [] wholeBuffer;
+       }
+       
+       return end;
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<arm>::fixUpReferenceFinal(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       int64_t         displacement;
+       int64_t         baseAddr;
+       uint32_t        instruction;
+       uint32_t        newInstruction;
+       uint64_t        targetAddr = 0;
+       uint32_t        firstDisp;
+       uint32_t        nextDisp;
+       uint32_t        opcode;
+       bool            relocateableExternal = false;
+       bool            is_bl;
+       bool            is_blx;
+       bool            targetIsThumb;
+
+       if ( ref->getTargetBinding() != ObjectFile::Reference::kDontBind ) {
+               targetAddr = ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset();
+               relocateableExternal = (relocationNeededInFinalLinkedImage(ref->getTarget()) == kRelocExternal);
+       }
+
+       uint32_t* fixUp = (uint32_t*)&buffer[ref->getFixUpOffset()];
+       switch ( (arm::ReferenceKinds)(ref->getKind()) ) {
+               case arm::kNoFixUp:
+               case arm::kFollowOn:
+               case arm::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       // do nothing
+                       break;
+               case arm::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case arm::kPointer:
+                       // If this is the lazy pointers section, then set all lazy pointers to
+                       // point to the dyld stub binding helper.
+                       if ( ((SectionInfo*)inAtom->getSection())->fAllLazyPointers 
+                         || ((SectionInfo*)inAtom->getSection())->fAllLazyDylibPointers ) {
+                               switch (ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind()) {
+                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                               // prebound lazy pointer to another dylib ==> pointer contains zero
+                                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, 0);
+                                               break;
+                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                               // prebound lazy pointer to withing this dylib ==> pointer contains address
+                                               if ( ref->getTarget().isThumb() && (ref->getTargetOffset() == 0) )
+                                                       targetAddr |= 1;
+                                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, targetAddr);
+                                               break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       else if ( relocateableExternal ) {
+                               if ( fOptions.prebind() ) {
+                                       switch (ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind()) {
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                                       // prebound external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                                       break;
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                                                       // prebound external relocation to internal atom ==> pointer contains target address + addend
+                                                       if ( ref->getTarget().isThumb() && (ref->getTargetOffset() == 0) )
+                                                               targetAddr |= 1;
+                                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, targetAddr);
+                                                       break;
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                                       break;
+                                       }
+                               } 
+                               else {
+                                       // external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                               }
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               // pointer contains target address
+                               if ( ref->getTarget().isThumb() && (ref->getTargetOffset() == 0))
+                                       targetAddr |= 1;
+                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, targetAddr);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case arm::kPointerDiff:
+                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp,
+                               (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset()) );
+                       break;
+               case arm::kReadOnlyPointer:
+                       switch ( ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                       // pointer contains target address
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       break;
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                       // external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       break;
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                       // pointer contains target address
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTarget().getSectionOffset() + ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case arm::kBranch24WeakImport:
+               case arm::kBranch24:
+                       displacement = targetAddr - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       // The pc added will be +8 from the pc
+                       displacement -= 8;
+                       // fprintf(stderr, "bl/blx fixup to %s at 0x%08llX, displacement = 0x%08llX\n", ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getAddress(), displacement);
+                       // max positive displacement is 0x007FFFFF << 2
+                       // max negative displacement is 0xFF800000 << 2
+                       if ( (displacement > 33554428LL) || (displacement < (-33554432LL)) ) {
+                               throwf("b/bl/blx out of range (%lld max is +/-32M) from %s in %s to %s in %s",
+                                                       displacement, inAtom->getDisplayName(), inAtom->getFile()->getPath(),
+                                                       ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getFile()->getPath());
+                       }
+                       instruction = LittleEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       // Make sure we are calling arm with bl, thumb with blx
+                       is_bl = ((instruction & 0xFF000000) == 0xEB000000);
+                       is_blx = ((instruction & 0xFE000000) == 0xFA000000);
+                       if ( is_bl && ref->getTarget().isThumb() ) {
+                               uint32_t opcode = 0xFA000000;
+                               uint32_t disp = (uint32_t)(displacement >> 2) & 0x00FFFFFF;
+                               uint32_t h_bit = (uint32_t)(displacement << 23) & 0x01000000;
+                               newInstruction = opcode | h_bit | disp;
+                       } 
+                       else if ( is_blx && !ref->getTarget().isThumb() ) {
+                               uint32_t opcode = 0xEB000000;
+                               uint32_t disp = (uint32_t)(displacement >> 2) & 0x00FFFFFF;
+                               newInstruction = opcode | disp;
+                       } 
+                       else if ( !is_bl && !is_blx && ref->getTarget().isThumb() ) {
+                               throwf("don't know how to convert instruction %x referencing %s to thumb",
+                                        instruction, ref->getTarget().getDisplayName());
+                       } 
+                       else {
+                               newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFF000000) | ((uint32_t)(displacement >> 2) & 0x00FFFFFF);
+                       }
+                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       break;
+               case arm::kThumbBranch22WeakImport:
+               case arm::kThumbBranch22:
+                       instruction = LittleEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       is_bl = ((instruction & 0xF8000000) == 0xF8000000);
+                       is_blx = ((instruction & 0xF8000000) == 0xE8000000);
+                       targetIsThumb = ref->getTarget().isThumb();
+                       
+                       // The pc added will be +4 from the pc
+                       baseAddr = inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset() + 4;
+                       // If the target is not thumb, we will be generating a blx instruction
+                       // Since blx cannot have the low bit set, set bit[1] of the target to
+                       // bit[1] of the base address, so that the difference is a multiple of
+                       // 4 bytes.
+                       if ( !targetIsThumb ) {
+                         targetAddr &= -3ULL;
+                         targetAddr |= (baseAddr & 2LL);
+                       }
+                       displacement = targetAddr - baseAddr;
+                       
+                       // max positive displacement is 0x003FFFFE
+                       // max negative displacement is 0xFFC00000
+                       if ( (displacement > 4194302LL) || (displacement < (-4194304LL)) ) {
+                               throwf("thumb bl/blx out of range (%lld max is +/-4M) from %s in %s to %s in %s",
+                                                               displacement, inAtom->getDisplayName(), inAtom->getFile()->getPath(),
+                                                               ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getFile()->getPath());
+                       }
+                       // The instruction is really two instructions:
+                       // The lower 16 bits are the first instruction, which contains the first
+                       //   11 bits of the displacement.
+                       // The upper 16 bits are the second instruction, which contains the next
+                       //   11 bits of the displacement, as well as differentiating bl and blx.
+                       {
+                               firstDisp = (uint32_t)(displacement >> 12) & 0x7FF;
+                               nextDisp = (uint32_t)(displacement >> 1) & 0x7FF;
+                               if ( is_bl && !targetIsThumb ) {
+                                       opcode = 0xE800F000;
+                               } 
+                               else if ( is_blx && targetIsThumb ) {
+                                       opcode = 0xF800F000;
+                               } 
+                               else if ( !is_bl && !is_blx && !targetIsThumb ) {
+                                 throwf("don't know how to convert instruction %x referencing %s to arm",
+                                                instruction, ref->getTarget().getDisplayName());
+                               } 
+                               else {
+                                       opcode = instruction & 0xF800F800;
+                               }
+                               newInstruction = opcode | (nextDisp << 16) | firstDisp;
+                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case arm::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case arm::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+                       if ( inAtom->isThumb() ) {
+                               // change 32-bit blx call site to two thumb NOPs
+                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, 0x46C046C0);
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               // change call site to a NOP
+                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, 0xE1A00000);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case arm::kDtraceTypeReference:
+               case arm::kDtraceProbe:
+                       // nothing to fix up
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       throw "boom shaka laka";
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<arm>::fixUpReferenceRelocatable(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       int64_t         displacement;
+       uint32_t        instruction;
+       uint32_t        newInstruction;
+       uint64_t        targetAddr = 0;
+       int64_t         baseAddr;
+       uint32_t        firstDisp;
+       uint32_t        nextDisp;
+       uint32_t        opcode;
+       bool            relocateableExternal = false;
+       bool            is_bl;
+       bool            is_blx;
+       bool            targetIsThumb;
+
+       if ( ref->getTargetBinding() != ObjectFile::Reference::kDontBind ) {
+               targetAddr = ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset();
+               relocateableExternal = this->makesExternalRelocatableReference(ref->getTarget());       
+       }
+
+       uint32_t* fixUp = (uint32_t*)&buffer[ref->getFixUpOffset()];
+       switch ( (arm::ReferenceKinds)(ref->getKind()) ) {
+               case arm::kNoFixUp:
+               case arm::kFollowOn:
+               case arm::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       // do nothing
+                       break;
+               case arm::kPointer:
+               case arm::kReadOnlyPointer:
+               case arm::kPointerWeakImport:
+                       {
+                       if ( ((SectionInfo*)inAtom->getSection())->fAllNonLazyPointers ) {
+                               // indirect symbol table has INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL, so we must put address in content
+                               if ( this->indirectSymbolIsLocal(ref) ) 
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, targetAddr);
+                               else
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, 0);
+                       }
+                       else if ( relocateableExternal ) {
+                               if ( fOptions.prebind() ) {
+                                       switch (ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind()) {
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                                       // prebound external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                                       break;
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                                                       // prebound external relocation to internal atom ==> pointer contains target address + addend
+                                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, targetAddr);
+                                                       break;
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                                       break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               // internal relocation
+                               if ( ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind() != ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition ) {
+                                       // pointer contains target address
+                                       if ( ref->getTarget().isThumb() && (ref->getTargetOffset() == 0))
+                                               targetAddr |= 1;
+                                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, targetAddr);
+                                       }
+                                       else {
+                                               // pointer contains addend
+                                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case arm::kPointerDiff:
+                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp,
+                                       (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset()) );
+                       break;
+               case arm::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case arm::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+               case arm::kBranch24WeakImport:
+               case arm::kBranch24:
+                       displacement = targetAddr - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                       // The pc added will be +8 from the pc
+                       displacement -= 8;
+                       // fprintf(stderr, "b/bl/blx fixup to %s at 0x%08llX, displacement = 0x%08llX\n", ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getAddress(), displacement);
+                       if ( relocateableExternal )  {
+                               // doing "ld -r" to an external symbol
+                               // the mach-o way of encoding this is that the bl instruction's target addr is the offset into the target
+                               displacement -= ref->getTarget().getAddress();
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               // max positive displacement is 0x007FFFFF << 2
+                               // max negative displacement is 0xFF800000 << 2
+                               if ( (displacement > 33554428LL) || (displacement < (-33554432LL)) ) {
+                                       throwf("arm b/bl/blx out of range (%lld max is +/-32M) from %s in %s to %s in %s",
+                                                       displacement, inAtom->getDisplayName(), inAtom->getFile()->getPath(),
+                                                       ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getFile()->getPath());
+                               }
+                       }
+                       instruction = LittleEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       // Make sure we are calling arm with bl, thumb with blx
+                       is_bl = ((instruction & 0xFF000000) == 0xEB000000);
+                       is_blx = ((instruction & 0xFE000000) == 0xFA000000);
+                       if ( is_bl && ref->getTarget().isThumb() ) {
+                               uint32_t opcode = 0xFA000000;
+                               uint32_t disp = (uint32_t)(displacement >> 2) & 0x00FFFFFF;
+                               uint32_t h_bit = (uint32_t)(displacement << 23) & 0x01000000;
+                               newInstruction = opcode | h_bit | disp;
+                       }
+                       else if ( is_blx && !ref->getTarget().isThumb() ) {
+                               uint32_t opcode = 0xEB000000;
+                               uint32_t disp = (uint32_t)(displacement >> 2) & 0x00FFFFFF;
+                               newInstruction = opcode | disp;
+                       } 
+                       else if ( !is_bl && !is_blx && ref->getTarget().isThumb() ) {
+                               throwf("don't know how to convert instruction %x referencing %s to thumb",
+                                        instruction, ref->getTarget().getDisplayName());
+                       } 
+                       else {
+                               newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFF000000) | ((uint32_t)(displacement >> 2) & 0x00FFFFFF);
+                       }
+                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       break;
+               case arm::kThumbBranch22WeakImport:
+               case arm::kThumbBranch22:
+                       instruction = LittleEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       is_bl = ((instruction & 0xF8000000) == 0xF8000000);
+                       is_blx = ((instruction & 0xF8000000) == 0xE8000000);
+                       targetIsThumb = ref->getTarget().isThumb();
+                       
+                       // The pc added will be +4 from the pc
+                       baseAddr = inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset() + 4;
+                       // If the target is not thumb, we will be generating a blx instruction
+                       // Since blx cannot have the low bit set, set bit[1] of the target to
+                       // bit[1] of the base address, so that the difference is a multiple of
+                       // 4 bytes.
+                       if (!targetIsThumb) {
+                               targetAddr &= -3ULL;
+                               targetAddr |= (baseAddr & 2LL);
+                       }
+                       displacement = targetAddr - baseAddr;
+                       
+                       //fprintf(stderr, "thumb %s fixup to %s at 0x%08llX, baseAddr = 0x%08llX, displacement = 0x%08llX, %d\n", is_blx ? "blx" : "bl",  ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), targetAddr, baseAddr, displacement, targetIsThumb);
+                       if ( relocateableExternal )  {
+                               // doing "ld -r" to an external symbol
+                               // the mach-o way of encoding this is that the bl instruction's target addr is the offset into the target
+                               displacement -= ref->getTarget().getAddress();
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               // max positive displacement is 0x003FFFFE
+                               // max negative displacement is 0xFFC00000
+                               if ( (displacement > 4194302LL) || (displacement < (-4194304LL)) ) {
+                                       throwf("thumb bl/blx out of range (%lld max is +/-4M) from %s in %s to %s in %s",
+                                                               displacement, inAtom->getDisplayName(), inAtom->getFile()->getPath(),
+                                                               ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getFile()->getPath());
+                               }
+                       }
+                       // The instruction is really two instructions:
+                       // The lower 16 bits are the first instruction, which contains the first
+                       //   11 bits of the displacement.
+                       // The upper 16 bits are the second instruction, which contains the next
+                       //   11 bits of the displacement, as well as differentiating bl and blx.
+                       firstDisp = (uint32_t)(displacement >> 12) & 0x7FF;
+                       nextDisp = (uint32_t)(displacement >> 1) & 0x7FF;
+                       if ( is_bl && !targetIsThumb ) {
+                               opcode = 0xE800F000;
+                       } 
+                       else if ( is_blx && targetIsThumb ) {
+                               opcode = 0xF800F000;
+                       } 
+                       else if ( !is_bl && !is_blx && !targetIsThumb ) {
+                               throwf("don't know how to convert instruction %x referencing %s to arm",
+                                        instruction, ref->getTarget().getDisplayName());
+                       } 
+                       else {
+                               opcode = instruction & 0xF800F800;
+                       }
+                       newInstruction = opcode | (nextDisp << 16) | firstDisp;
+                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       break;
+               case arm::kDtraceProbe:
+               case arm::kDtraceTypeReference:
+                       // nothing to fix up
+                       break;
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86>::fixUpReferenceFinal(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint32_t* fixUp = (uint32_t*)&buffer[ref->getFixUpOffset()];
+       uint8_t*  dtraceProbeSite;
+       const int64_t kTwoGigLimit = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+       const int64_t kSixtyFourKiloLimit = 0x7FFF;
+       const int64_t kOneTwentyEightLimit = 0x7F;
+       int64_t displacement;
+       x86::ReferenceKinds kind = (x86::ReferenceKinds)(ref->getKind());
+       switch ( kind ) {
+               case x86::kNoFixUp:
+               case x86::kFollowOn:
+               case x86::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       // do nothing
+                       break;
+               case x86::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case x86::kPointer:
+                       {
+                               if ( this->relocationNeededInFinalLinkedImage(ref->getTarget()) == kRelocExternal ) {
+                                       if ( fOptions.prebind() ) {
+                                               switch (ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind()) {
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                                               // prebound external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                                                               // prebound external relocation to internal atom ==> pointer contains target address + addend
+                                                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                                               break;
+                                               }
+                                       } 
+                                       else {
+                                               // external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       // pointer contains target address
+                                       //printf("Atom::fixUpReferenceFinal() target.name=%s, target.address=0x%08llX\n", target.getDisplayName(), target.getAddress());
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset());
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case x86::kPointerDiff:
+                       displacement = (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset());
+                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, (uint32_t)displacement);
+                       break;
+               case x86::kPointerDiff16:
+                       displacement = (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset());
+                       if ( (displacement > kSixtyFourKiloLimit) || (displacement < -(kSixtyFourKiloLimit)) ) 
+                               throwf("16-bit pointer diff out of range in %s", inAtom->getDisplayName());
+                       LittleEndian::set16(*((uint16_t*)fixUp), (uint16_t)displacement);
+                       break;
+               case x86::kDtraceProbeSite:
+                       // change call site to a NOP
+                       dtraceProbeSite = (uint8_t*)fixUp;
+                       dtraceProbeSite[-1] = 0x90;     // 1-byte nop
+                       dtraceProbeSite[0] = 0x0F;      // 4-byte nop 
+                       dtraceProbeSite[1] = 0x1F;
+                       dtraceProbeSite[2] = 0x40;
+                       dtraceProbeSite[3] = 0x00;
+                       break;
+               case x86::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+                       // change call site to a clear eax
+                       dtraceProbeSite = (uint8_t*)fixUp;
+                       dtraceProbeSite[-1] = 0x33;             // xorl eax,eax
+                       dtraceProbeSite[0] = 0xC0;
+                       dtraceProbeSite[1] = 0x90;              // 1-byte nop
+                       dtraceProbeSite[2] = 0x90;              // 1-byte nop
+                       dtraceProbeSite[3] = 0x90;              // 1-byte nop
+                       break;
+               case x86::kPCRel32WeakImport:
+               case x86::kPCRel32:
+               case x86::kPCRel16:
+               case x86::kPCRel8:
+                       displacement = 0;
+                       switch ( ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                                       displacement = (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset() + 4);
+                                       break;
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                       throw "codegen problem, can't use rel32 to external symbol";
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                       displacement = 0;
+                                       break;
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                       displacement = (ref->getTarget().getSectionOffset() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset() + 4);
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       if ( kind == x86::kPCRel8 ) {
+                               if ( (displacement > kOneTwentyEightLimit) || (displacement < -(kOneTwentyEightLimit)) ) {
+                                       //fprintf(stderr, "call out of range from %s in %s to %s in %s\n", this->getDisplayName(), this->getFile()->getPath(), target.getDisplayName(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+                                       throwf("rel8 out of range in %s", inAtom->getDisplayName());
+                               }
+                               *(int8_t*)fixUp = (int8_t)displacement;
+                       }
+                       else if ( kind == x86::kPCRel16 ) {
+                               if ( (displacement > kSixtyFourKiloLimit) || (displacement < -(kSixtyFourKiloLimit)) ) {
+                                       //fprintf(stderr, "call out of range from %s in %s to %s in %s\n", this->getDisplayName(), this->getFile()->getPath(), target.getDisplayName(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+                                       throwf("rel16 out of range in %s", inAtom->getDisplayName());
+                               }
+                               LittleEndian::set16(*((uint16_t*)fixUp), (uint16_t)displacement);
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               if ( (displacement > kTwoGigLimit) || (displacement < (-kTwoGigLimit)) ) {
+                                       //fprintf(stderr, "call out of range from %s in %s to %s in %s\n", this->getDisplayName(), this->getFile()->getPath(), target.getDisplayName(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+                                       throwf("rel32 out of range in %s", inAtom->getDisplayName());
+                               }
+                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, (int32_t)displacement);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case x86::kAbsolute32:
+                       switch ( ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                       // pointer contains target address
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       break;
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                       // external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       break;
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                       // pointer contains target address
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTarget().getSectionOffset() + ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case x86::kDtraceTypeReference:
+               case x86::kDtraceProbe:
+                       // nothing to fix up
+                       break;
+       }
+}
+
+
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86>::fixUpReferenceRelocatable(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       const int64_t kTwoGigLimit = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+       const int64_t kSixtyFourKiloLimit = 0x7FFF;
+       const int64_t kOneTwentyEightLimit = 0x7F;
+       uint32_t* fixUp = (uint32_t*)&buffer[ref->getFixUpOffset()];
+       bool isExtern = this->makesExternalRelocatableReference(ref->getTarget());      
+       int64_t displacement;
+       x86::ReferenceKinds kind = (x86::ReferenceKinds)(ref->getKind());
+       switch ( kind ) {
+               case x86::kNoFixUp:
+               case x86::kFollowOn:
+               case x86::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       // do nothing
+                       break;
+               case x86::kPointer:
+               case x86::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case x86::kAbsolute32:
+                       {
+                               if ( isExtern ) {
+                                       // external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                               }
+                               else if ( ((SectionInfo*)inAtom->getSection())->fAllNonLazyPointers ) {
+                                       // if INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL the content is pointer, else it is zero
+                                       if ( this->indirectSymbolIsLocal(ref) ) 
+                                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       else
+                                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, 0);
+                               } 
+                               else if ( ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind() != ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition ) {
+                                       // internal relocation => pointer contains target address
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset());
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       // internal relocation to tentative ==> pointer contains addend
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case x86::kPointerDiff:
+                               displacement = (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset());
+                               LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, (uint32_t)displacement);
+                       break;
+               case x86::kPointerDiff16:
+                               displacement = (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset());
+                               if ( (displacement > kSixtyFourKiloLimit) || (displacement < -(kSixtyFourKiloLimit)) ) 
+                                       throwf("16-bit pointer diff out of range in %s", inAtom->getDisplayName());
+                               LittleEndian::set16(*((uint16_t*)fixUp), (uint16_t)displacement);
+                       break;
+               case x86::kPCRel8:
+               case x86::kPCRel16:
+               case x86::kPCRel32:
+               case x86::kPCRel32WeakImport:
+               case x86::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case x86::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+                       {
+                               if ( isExtern )
+                                       displacement = ref->getTargetOffset() - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset() + 4);
+                               else
+                                       displacement = (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset() + 4);
+                               if ( kind == x86::kPCRel8 ) {
+                                       displacement += 3;
+                                       if ( (displacement > kOneTwentyEightLimit) || (displacement < -(kOneTwentyEightLimit)) ) {
+                                               //fprintf(stderr, "call out of range from %s in %s to %s in %s\n", this->getDisplayName(), this->getFile()->getPath(), target.getDisplayName(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+                                               throwf("rel8 out of range (%lld)in %s", displacement, inAtom->getDisplayName());
+                                       }
+                                       int8_t byte = (int8_t)displacement;
+                                       *((int8_t*)fixUp) = byte;
+                               }
+                               else if ( kind == x86::kPCRel16 ) {
+                                       displacement += 2;
+                                       if ( (displacement > kSixtyFourKiloLimit) || (displacement < -(kSixtyFourKiloLimit)) ) {
+                                               //fprintf(stderr, "call out of range from %s in %s to %s in %s\n", this->getDisplayName(), this->getFile()->getPath(), target.getDisplayName(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+                                               throwf("rel16 out of range in %s", inAtom->getDisplayName());
+                                       }
+                                       int16_t word = (int16_t)displacement;
+                                       LittleEndian::set16(*((uint16_t*)fixUp), word);
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       if ( (displacement > kTwoGigLimit) || (displacement < (-kTwoGigLimit)) ) {
+                                               //fprintf(stderr, "call out of range, displacement=ox%llX, from %s in %s to %s in %s\n", displacement, 
+                                               //      inAtom->getDisplayName(), inAtom->getFile()->getPath(), ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getFile()->getPath());
+                                               throwf("rel32 out of range in %s", inAtom->getDisplayName());
+                                       }
+                                       LittleEndian::set32(*fixUp, (int32_t)displacement);
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case x86::kDtraceProbe:
+               case x86::kDtraceTypeReference:
+                       // nothing to fix up
+                       break;
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86_64>::fixUpReferenceFinal(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       const int64_t twoGigLimit                 = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+       uint64_t* fixUp = (uint64_t*)&buffer[ref->getFixUpOffset()];
+       uint8_t*  dtraceProbeSite;
+       int64_t displacement = 0;
+       switch ( (x86_64::ReferenceKinds)(ref->getKind()) ) {
+               case x86_64::kNoFixUp:
+               case x86_64::kFollowOn:
+               case x86_64::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       // do nothing
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kPointer:
+                       {
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "fixUpReferenceFinal: %s reference to %s\n", this->getDisplayName(), target.getDisplayName());
+                               if ( this->relocationNeededInFinalLinkedImage(ref->getTarget()) == kRelocExternal ) {
+                                       // external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                       LittleEndian::set64(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       // internal relocation
+                                       // pointer contains target address
+                                       //printf("Atom::fixUpReferenceFinal) target.name=%s, target.address=0x%08llX\n", target.getDisplayName(), target.getAddress());
+                                       LittleEndian::set64(*fixUp, ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset());
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kPointerDiff32:
+                               displacement = (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset());
+                               if ( (displacement > twoGigLimit) || (displacement < (-twoGigLimit)) )
+                                       throw "32-bit pointer difference out of range";
+                               LittleEndian::set32(*((uint32_t*)fixUp), (uint32_t)displacement);
+                               break;
+               case x86_64::kPointerDiff:
+                               LittleEndian::set64(*fixUp,
+                                       (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset()) - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset()) );
+                               break;
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoad:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoadWeakImport:
+                       // if GOT entry was optimized away, change movq instruction to a leaq
+                       if ( std::find(fAllSynthesizedNonLazyPointers.begin(), fAllSynthesizedNonLazyPointers.end(), &(ref->getTarget())) == fAllSynthesizedNonLazyPointers.end() ) {
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "GOT for %s optimized away\n", ref->getTarget().getDisplayName());
+                               uint8_t* opcodes = (uint8_t*)fixUp;
+                               if ( opcodes[-2] != 0x8B )
+                                       throw "GOT load reloc does not point to a movq instruction";
+                               opcodes[-2] = 0x8D;
+                       }
+                       // fall into general rel32 case
+               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel32WeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel32:
+               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel8:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_1:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_2:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_4:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOT:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTWeakImport:
+                       switch ( ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                       displacement = (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + (int32_t)ref->getTargetOffset()) - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset() + 4);
+                                       break;
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                       displacement = (ref->getTarget().getSectionOffset() + (int32_t)ref->getTargetOffset()) - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset() + 4);
+                                       break;
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                       throw "codegen problem, can't use rel32 to external symbol";
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       switch ( ref->getKind() ) {
+                               case x86_64::kPCRel32_1:
+                                       displacement -= 1;
+                                       break;
+                               case x86_64::kPCRel32_2:
+                                       displacement -= 2;
+                                       break;
+                               case x86_64::kPCRel32_4:
+                                       displacement -= 4;
+                                       break;
+                               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel8:
+                                       displacement += 3;
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       if ( ref->getKind() == x86_64::kBranchPCRel8 ) {
+                               if ( (displacement > 127) || (displacement < (-128)) ) {
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "branch out of range from %s (%llX) in %s to %s (%llX) in %s\n", 
+                                               inAtom->getDisplayName(), inAtom->getAddress(), inAtom->getFile()->getPath(), ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getAddress(), ref->getTarget().getFile()->getPath());
+                                       throw "rel8 out of range";
+                               }
+                               *((int8_t*)fixUp) = (int8_t)displacement;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               if ( (displacement > twoGigLimit) || (displacement < (-twoGigLimit)) ) {
+                                       fprintf(stderr, "call out of range from %s (%llX) in %s to %s (%llX) in %s\n", 
+                                               inAtom->getDisplayName(), inAtom->getAddress(), inAtom->getFile()->getPath(), ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getAddress(), ref->getTarget().getFile()->getPath());
+                                       throw "rel32 out of range";
+                               }
+                               LittleEndian::set32(*((uint32_t*)fixUp), (int32_t)displacement);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kDtraceProbeSite:
+                       // change call site to a NOP
+                       dtraceProbeSite = (uint8_t*)fixUp;
+                       dtraceProbeSite[-1] = 0x90;     // 1-byte nop
+                       dtraceProbeSite[0] = 0x0F;      // 4-byte nop 
+                       dtraceProbeSite[1] = 0x1F;
+                       dtraceProbeSite[2] = 0x40;
+                       dtraceProbeSite[3] = 0x00;
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+                       // change call site to a clear eax
+                       dtraceProbeSite = (uint8_t*)fixUp;
+                       dtraceProbeSite[-1] = 0x48;             // xorq eax,eax
+                       dtraceProbeSite[0] = 0x33;
+                       dtraceProbeSite[1] = 0xC0;              
+                       dtraceProbeSite[2] = 0x90;              // 1-byte nop
+                       dtraceProbeSite[3] = 0x90;              // 1-byte nop
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kDtraceTypeReference:
+               case x86_64::kDtraceProbe:
+                       // nothing to fix up
+                       break;
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86_64>::fixUpReferenceRelocatable(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       const int64_t twoGigLimit                 = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+       bool external = this->makesExternalRelocatableReference(ref->getTarget());
+       uint64_t* fixUp = (uint64_t*)&buffer[ref->getFixUpOffset()];
+       int64_t displacement = 0;
+       int32_t temp32;
+       switch ( (x86_64::ReferenceKinds)(ref->getKind()) ) {
+               case x86_64::kNoFixUp:
+               case x86_64::kFollowOn:
+               case x86_64::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       // do nothing
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kPointer:
+               case x86_64::kPointerWeakImport:
+                       {
+                               if ( external ) {
+                                       // external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                       LittleEndian::set64(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       // internal relocation ==> pointer contains target address
+                                       LittleEndian::set64(*fixUp, ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset());
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kPointerDiff32:
+                               // addend in content
+                               LittleEndian::set32(*((uint32_t*)fixUp), ref->getTargetOffset() - ref->getFromTargetOffset() );
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kPointerDiff:
+                               // addend in content
+                               LittleEndian::set64(*fixUp, ref->getTargetOffset() - ref->getFromTargetOffset() );
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel32:
+               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel32WeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case x86_64::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_1:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_2:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32_4:
+                       // turn unsigned 64-bit target offset in signed 32-bit offset, since that is what source originally had
+                       temp32 = ref->getTargetOffset();
+                       if ( external ) {
+                               // extern relocation contains addend
+                               displacement = temp32;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               // internal relocations contain delta to target address
+                               displacement = (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + temp32) - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset() + 4);
+                       }
+                       switch ( ref->getKind() ) {
+                               case x86_64::kPCRel32_1:
+                                       displacement -= 1;
+                                       break;
+                               case x86_64::kPCRel32_2:
+                                       displacement -= 2;
+                                       break;
+                               case x86_64::kPCRel32_4:
+                                       displacement -= 4;
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       if ( (displacement > twoGigLimit) || (displacement < (-twoGigLimit)) ) {
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "call out of range from %s in %s to %s in %s\n", this->getDisplayName(), this->getFile()->getPath(), target.getDisplayName(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+                               throw "rel32 out of range";
+                       }
+                       LittleEndian::set32(*((uint32_t*)fixUp), (int32_t)displacement);
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel8:
+                       // turn unsigned 64-bit target offset in signed 32-bit offset, since that is what source originally had
+                       temp32 = ref->getTargetOffset();
+                       if ( external ) {
+                               // extern relocation contains addend
+                               displacement = temp32;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               // internal relocations contain delta to target address
+                               displacement = (ref->getTarget().getAddress() + temp32) - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset() + 1);
+                       }
+                       if ( (displacement > 127) || (displacement < (-128)) ) {
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "call out of range from %s in %s to %s in %s\n", this->getDisplayName(), this->getFile()->getPath(), target.getDisplayName(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+                               throw "rel8 out of range";
+                       }
+                       *((int8_t*)fixUp) = (int8_t)displacement;
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOT:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoad:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTWeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoadWeakImport:
+                       // contains addend (usually zero)
+                       LittleEndian::set32(*((uint32_t*)fixUp), (uint32_t)(ref->getTargetOffset()));
+                       break;
+               case x86_64::kDtraceTypeReference:
+               case x86_64::kDtraceProbe:
+                       // nothing to fix up
+                       break;
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<ppc>::fixUpReferenceFinal(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       fixUpReference_powerpc(ref, inAtom, buffer, true);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<ppc64>::fixUpReferenceFinal(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       fixUpReference_powerpc(ref, inAtom, buffer, true);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<ppc>::fixUpReferenceRelocatable(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       fixUpReference_powerpc(ref, inAtom, buffer, false);
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<ppc64>::fixUpReferenceRelocatable(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       fixUpReference_powerpc(ref, inAtom, buffer, false);
+}
+
+//
+// ppc and ppc64 are mostly the same, so they share a template specialzation
+//
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::fixUpReference_powerpc(const ObjectFile::Reference* ref, const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, uint8_t buffer[], bool finalLinkedImage) const
+{
+       uint32_t        instruction;
+       uint32_t        newInstruction;
+       int64_t         displacement;
+       uint64_t        targetAddr = 0;
+       uint64_t        picBaseAddr;
+       uint16_t        instructionLowHalf;
+       uint16_t        instructionHighHalf;
+       uint32_t*       fixUp = (uint32_t*)&buffer[ref->getFixUpOffset()];
+       pint_t*         fixUpPointer = (pint_t*)&buffer[ref->getFixUpOffset()];
+       bool            relocateableExternal = false;
+       const int64_t picbase_twoGigLimit = 0x80000000;
+
+       if ( ref->getTargetBinding() != ObjectFile::Reference::kDontBind ) {
+               targetAddr = ref->getTarget().getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset();
+               if ( finalLinkedImage )
+                       relocateableExternal = (relocationNeededInFinalLinkedImage(ref->getTarget()) == kRelocExternal);
+               else
+                       relocateableExternal = this->makesExternalRelocatableReference(ref->getTarget());       
+       }
+
+       switch ( (typename A::ReferenceKinds)(ref->getKind()) ) {
+               case A::kNoFixUp:
+               case A::kFollowOn:
+               case A::kGroupSubordinate:
+                       // do nothing
+                       break;
+               case A::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case A::kPointer:
+                       {
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "fixUpReferenceFinal: %s reference to %s\n", this->getDisplayName(), target.getDisplayName());
+                               if ( finalLinkedImage && (((SectionInfo*)inAtom->getSection())->fAllLazyPointers 
+                                                                          || ((SectionInfo*)inAtom->getSection())->fAllLazyDylibPointers) ) {
+                                       switch (ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind()) {
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                                       // prebound lazy pointer to another dylib ==> pointer contains zero
+                                                       P::setP(*fixUpPointer, 0);
+                                                       break;
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                                       // prebound lazy pointer to withing this dylib ==> pointer contains address
+                                                       P::setP(*fixUpPointer, targetAddr);
+                                                       break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               else if ( !finalLinkedImage && ((SectionInfo*)inAtom->getSection())->fAllNonLazyPointers ) {
+                                       // if INDIRECT_SYMBOL_LOCAL the content is pointer, else it is zero
+                                       if ( this->indirectSymbolIsLocal(ref) ) 
+                                               P::setP(*fixUpPointer, targetAddr);
+                                       else
+                                               P::setP(*fixUpPointer, 0);
+                               }
+                               else if ( relocateableExternal ) {
+                                       if ( fOptions.prebind() ) {
+                                               switch (ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind()) {
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                                               // prebound external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                                               P::setP(*fixUpPointer, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                                                               // prebound external relocation to internal atom ==> pointer contains target address + addend
+                                                               P::setP(*fixUpPointer, targetAddr);
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                                               break;
+                                               }
+                                       } 
+                                       else {
+                                               // external relocation ==> pointer contains addend
+                                               P::setP(*fixUpPointer, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       // internal relocation
+                                       if ( finalLinkedImage || (ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind() != ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition)  ) {
+                                               // pointer contains target address
+                                               //printf("Atom::fixUpReference_powerpc() target.name=%s, target.address=0x%08llX\n",  ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), targetAddr);
+                                               P::setP(*fixUpPointer, targetAddr);
+                                       }
+                                       else {
+                                               // pointer contains addend
+                                               P::setP(*fixUpPointer, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case A::kPointerDiff64:
+                       P::setP(*fixUpPointer, targetAddr - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset()) );
+                       break;
+               case A::kPointerDiff32:
+                       P::E::set32(*fixUp, targetAddr - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset()) );
+                       break;
+               case A::kPointerDiff16:
+                       P::E::set16(*((uint16_t*)fixUp), targetAddr - (ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset()) );
+                       break;
+               case A::kDtraceProbeSite:
+                       if ( finalLinkedImage ) {
+                               // change call site to a NOP
+                               BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, 0x60000000);
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               // set  bl instuction to branch to address zero in .o file
+                               int64_t displacement = ref->getTargetOffset() - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                               instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                               newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFC000003) | ((uint32_t)displacement & 0x03FFFFFC);
+                               BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case A::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+                       if ( finalLinkedImage ) {
+                               // change call site to a li r3,0
+                               BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, 0x38600000);
+                       }
+                       else { 
+                               // set  bl instuction to branch to address zero in .o file
+                               int64_t displacement = ref->getTargetOffset() - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                               instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                               newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFC000003) | ((uint32_t)displacement & 0x03FFFFFC);
+                               BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case A::kBranch24WeakImport:
+               case A::kBranch24:
+                       {
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "bl fixup to %s at 0x%08llX, ", target.getDisplayName(), target.getAddress());
+                               int64_t displacement = targetAddr - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                               if ( relocateableExternal )  {
+                                       // doing "ld -r" to an external symbol
+                                       // the mach-o way of encoding this is that the bl instruction's target addr is the offset into the target
+                                       displacement -= ref->getTarget().getAddress();
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       const int64_t bl_eightMegLimit = 0x00FFFFFF;
+                                       if ( (displacement > bl_eightMegLimit) || (displacement < (-bl_eightMegLimit)) ) {
+                                               //fprintf(stderr, "bl out of range (%lld max is +/-16M) from %s in %s to %s in %s\n", displacement, this->getDisplayName(), this->getFile()->getPath(), target.getDisplayName(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+                                               throwf("bl out of range (%lld max is +/-16M) from %s at 0x%08llX in %s of %s to %s at 0x%08llX in %s of  %s",
+                                                       displacement, inAtom->getDisplayName(), inAtom->getAddress(), inAtom->getSectionName(), inAtom->getFile()->getPath(),
+                                                       ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getAddress(), ref->getTarget().getSectionName(), ref->getTarget().getFile()->getPath());
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                               newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFC000003) | ((uint32_t)displacement & 0x03FFFFFC);
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "bl fixup: 0x%08X -> 0x%08X\n", instruction, newInstruction);
+                               BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case A::kBranch14:
+                       {
+                               int64_t displacement = targetAddr - (inAtom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                               if ( relocateableExternal )  {
+                                       // doing "ld -r" to an external symbol
+                                       // the mach-o way of encoding this is that the bl instruction's target addr is the offset into the target
+                                       displacement -= ref->getTarget().getAddress();
+                               }
+                               const int64_t b_sixtyFourKiloLimit = 0x0000FFFF;
+                               if ( (displacement > b_sixtyFourKiloLimit) || (displacement < (-b_sixtyFourKiloLimit)) ) {
+                                       //fprintf(stderr, "bl out of range (%lld max is +/-16M) from %s in %s to %s in %s\n", displacement, this->getDisplayName(), this->getFile()->getPath(), target.getDisplayName(), target.getFile()->getPath());
+                                       throwf("bcc out of range (%lld max is +/-64K) from %s in %s to %s in %s",
+                                               displacement, inAtom->getDisplayName(), inAtom->getFile()->getPath(),
+                                               ref->getTarget().getDisplayName(), ref->getTarget().getFile()->getPath());
+                               }
+                               
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "bcc fixup displacement=0x%08llX, atom.addr=0x%08llX, atom.offset=0x%08X\n", displacement, inAtom->getAddress(), (uint32_t)ref->getFixUpOffset());
+                               instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                               newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFFFF0003) | ((uint32_t)displacement & 0x0000FFFC);
+                               //fprintf(stderr, "bc fixup: 0x%08X -> 0x%08X\n", instruction, newInstruction);
+                               BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case A::kPICBaseLow16:
+                       picBaseAddr = ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset();
+                       displacement = targetAddr - picBaseAddr;
+                       if ( (displacement > picbase_twoGigLimit) || (displacement < (-picbase_twoGigLimit)) )
+                               throw "32-bit pic-base out of range";
+                       instructionLowHalf = (displacement & 0xFFFF);
+                       instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFFFF0000) | instructionLowHalf;
+                       BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       break;
+               case A::kPICBaseLow14:
+                       picBaseAddr = ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset();
+                       displacement = targetAddr - picBaseAddr;
+                       if ( (displacement > picbase_twoGigLimit) || (displacement < (-picbase_twoGigLimit)) )
+                               throw "32-bit pic-base out of range";
+                       if ( (displacement & 0x3) != 0 )
+                               throwf("bad offset (0x%08X) for lo14 instruction pic-base fix-up", (uint32_t)displacement);
+                       instructionLowHalf = (displacement & 0xFFFC);
+                       instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFFFF0003) | instructionLowHalf;
+                       BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       break;
+               case A::kPICBaseHigh16:
+                       picBaseAddr = ref->getFromTarget().getAddress() + ref->getFromTargetOffset();
+                       displacement = targetAddr - picBaseAddr;
+                       if ( (displacement > picbase_twoGigLimit) || (displacement < (-picbase_twoGigLimit)) )
+                               throw "32-bit pic-base out of range";
+                       instructionLowHalf = displacement >> 16;
+                       if ( (displacement & 0x00008000) != 0 )
+                               ++instructionLowHalf;
+                       instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFFFF0000) | instructionLowHalf;
+                       BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       break;
+               case A::kAbsLow16:
+                       if ( relocateableExternal && !finalLinkedImage )
+                               targetAddr -= ref->getTarget().getAddress();
+                       instructionLowHalf = (targetAddr & 0xFFFF);
+                       instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFFFF0000) | instructionLowHalf;
+                       BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       break;
+               case A::kAbsLow14:
+                       if ( relocateableExternal && !finalLinkedImage )
+                               targetAddr -= ref->getTarget().getAddress();
+                       if ( (targetAddr & 0x3) != 0 )
+                               throw "bad address for absolute lo14 instruction fix-up";
+                       instructionLowHalf = (targetAddr & 0xFFFF);
+                       instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFFFF0003) | instructionLowHalf;
+                       BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       break;
+               case A::kAbsHigh16:
+                       if ( relocateableExternal ) {
+                               if ( finalLinkedImage ) {
+                                       switch (ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind()) {
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                                       throwf("absolute address to symbol %s in a different linkage unit not supported", ref->getTargetName());
+                                                       break;
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                                                       // use target address
+                                                       break;
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                                       targetAddr = ref->getTarget().getSectionOffset();
+                                                       break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       targetAddr -= ref->getTarget().getAddress();
+                               }
+                       }
+                       instructionHighHalf = (targetAddr >> 16);
+                       instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFFFF0000) | instructionHighHalf;
+                       BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       break;
+               case A::kAbsHigh16AddLow:
+                       if ( relocateableExternal ) {
+                               if ( finalLinkedImage ) {
+                                       switch (ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind()) {
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                                       throwf("absolute address to symbol %s in a different linkage unit not supported", ref->getTargetName());
+                                                       break;
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                                                       // use target address
+                                                       break;
+                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                                       targetAddr = ref->getTarget().getSectionOffset();
+                                                       break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       targetAddr -= ref->getTarget().getAddress();
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if ( targetAddr & 0x00008000 )
+                               targetAddr += 0x00010000;
+                       instruction = BigEndian::get32(*fixUp);
+                       newInstruction = (instruction & 0xFFFF0000) | (targetAddr >> 16);
+                       BigEndian::set32(*fixUp, newInstruction);
+                       break;
+               case A::kDtraceTypeReference:
+               case A::kDtraceProbe:
+                       // nothing to fix up
+                       break;
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc>::stubableReference(const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       uint8_t kind = ref->getKind();
+       switch ( (ppc::ReferenceKinds)kind ) {
+               case ppc::kNoFixUp:
+               case ppc::kFollowOn:
+               case ppc::kGroupSubordinate:
+               case ppc::kPointer:
+               case ppc::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case ppc::kPointerDiff16:
+               case ppc::kPointerDiff32:
+               case ppc::kPointerDiff64:
+               case ppc::kDtraceProbe:
+               case ppc::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case ppc::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+               case ppc::kDtraceTypeReference:
+                       // these are never used to call external functions
+                       return false;
+               case ppc::kBranch24: 
+               case ppc::kBranch24WeakImport: 
+               case ppc::kBranch14: 
+                       // these are used to call external functions
+                       return true;
+               case ppc::kPICBaseLow16:
+               case ppc::kPICBaseLow14:
+               case ppc::kPICBaseHigh16:
+               case ppc::kAbsLow16:
+               case ppc::kAbsLow14:
+               case ppc::kAbsHigh16:
+               case ppc::kAbsHigh16AddLow:
+                       // these are only used to call external functions
+                       // in -mlong-branch stubs
+                       switch ( ref->getTarget().getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                       // if the .o file this atom came from has long-branch stubs,
+                                       // then assume these instructions in a stub.
+                                       // Otherwise, these are a direct reference to something (maybe a runtime text reloc)
+                                       return ( inAtom->getFile()->hasLongBranchStubs() );
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                       return false;
+                       }
+                       break;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<arm>::stubableReference(const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       uint8_t kind = ref->getKind();
+       switch ( (arm::ReferenceKinds)kind ) {
+               case arm::kBranch24:
+               case arm::kBranch24WeakImport:
+               case arm::kThumbBranch22:
+               case arm::kThumbBranch22WeakImport:
+                       return true;
+               case arm::kNoFixUp:
+               case arm::kFollowOn:
+               case arm::kGroupSubordinate:
+               case arm::kPointer:
+               case arm::kReadOnlyPointer:
+               case arm::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case arm::kPointerDiff:
+               case arm::kDtraceProbe:
+               case arm::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case arm::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+               case arm::kDtraceTypeReference:
+                       return false;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc64>::stubableReference(const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       uint8_t kind = ref->getKind();
+       switch ( (ppc64::ReferenceKinds)kind ) {
+               case ppc::kNoFixUp:
+               case ppc::kFollowOn:
+               case ppc::kGroupSubordinate:
+               case ppc::kPointer:
+               case ppc::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case ppc::kPointerDiff16:
+               case ppc::kPointerDiff32:
+               case ppc::kPointerDiff64:
+               case ppc::kPICBaseLow16:
+               case ppc::kPICBaseLow14:
+               case ppc::kPICBaseHigh16:
+               case ppc::kAbsLow16:
+               case ppc::kAbsLow14:
+               case ppc::kAbsHigh16:
+               case ppc::kAbsHigh16AddLow:
+               case ppc::kDtraceProbe:
+               case ppc::kDtraceProbeSite:
+               case ppc::kDtraceIsEnabledSite:
+               case ppc::kDtraceTypeReference:
+                       // these are never used to call external functions
+                       return false;
+               case ppc::kBranch24: 
+               case ppc::kBranch24WeakImport: 
+               case ppc::kBranch14: 
+                       // these are used to call external functions
+                       return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86>::stubableReference(const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       uint8_t kind = ref->getKind();
+       return (kind == x86::kPCRel32 || kind == x86::kPCRel32WeakImport);
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86_64>::stubableReference(const ObjectFile::Atom* inAtom, const ObjectFile::Reference* ref)
+{
+       uint8_t kind = ref->getKind();
+       return (kind == x86_64::kBranchPCRel32 || kind == x86_64::kBranchPCRel32WeakImport);
+}
+
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc>::weakImportReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return (kind == ppc::kBranch24WeakImport || kind == ppc::kPointerWeakImport);
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc64>::weakImportReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return (kind == ppc64::kBranch24WeakImport || kind == ppc64::kPointerWeakImport);
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86>::weakImportReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return (kind == x86::kPCRel32WeakImport || kind == x86::kPointerWeakImport);
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86_64>::weakImportReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       switch ( kind ) {
+               case x86_64::kPointerWeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kBranchPCRel32WeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTWeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoadWeakImport:
+                       return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<arm>::weakImportReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return (kind == arm::kBranch24WeakImport || kind == arm::kThumbBranch22WeakImport ||
+            kind == arm::kPointerWeakImport);
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc>::GOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc64>::GOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86>::GOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86_64>::GOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       switch ( kind ) {
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOT:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTWeakImport:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoad:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoadWeakImport:
+                       return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<arm>::GOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc>::optimizableGOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc64>::optimizableGOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86>::optimizableGOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86_64>::optimizableGOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       switch ( kind ) {
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoad:
+               case x86_64::kPCRel32GOTLoadWeakImport:
+                       return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<arm>::optimizableGOTReferenceKind(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       return false;
+}
+
+// 64-bit architectures never need module table, 32-bit sometimes do for backwards compatiblity
+template <typename A> bool Writer<A>::needsModuleTable() {return fOptions.needsModuleTable(); }
+template <> bool Writer<ppc64>::needsModuleTable() { return false; }
+template <> bool Writer<x86_64>::needsModuleTable() { return false; }
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::optimizeDylibReferences()
+{
+       //fprintf(stderr, "original ordinals table:\n");
+       //for (std::map<class ObjectFile::Reader*, uint32_t>::iterator it = fLibraryToOrdinal.begin(); it != fLibraryToOrdinal.end(); ++it) {
+       //      fprintf(stderr, "%u <== %p/%s\n", it->second, it->first, it->first->getPath());
+       //}
+       // find unused dylibs that can be removed
+       std::map<uint32_t, ObjectFile::Reader*> ordinalToReader;
+       std::map<ObjectFile::Reader*, ObjectFile::Reader*> readerAliases;
+       for (std::map<ObjectFile::Reader*, uint32_t>::iterator it = fLibraryToOrdinal.begin(); it != fLibraryToOrdinal.end(); ++it) {   
+               ObjectFile::Reader* reader = it->first;
+               std::map<ObjectFile::Reader*, ObjectFile::Reader*>::iterator aliasPos = fLibraryAliases.find(reader);
+               if ( aliasPos != fLibraryAliases.end() ) {
+                       // already noticed that this reader has same install name as another reader
+                       readerAliases[reader] = aliasPos->second;
+               }
+               else if ( !reader->providedExportAtom() && (reader->implicitlyLinked() || fOptions.deadStripDylibs()) ) {
+                       // this reader can be optimized away
+                       it->second = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+                       typename std::map<class ObjectFile::Reader*, class DylibLoadCommandsAtom<A>* >::iterator pos = fLibraryToLoadCommand.find(reader);
+                       if ( pos != fLibraryToLoadCommand.end() ) 
+                               pos->second->optimizeAway();
+               }
+               else {
+                       // mark this reader as using it ordinal
+                       std::map<uint32_t, ObjectFile::Reader*>::iterator pos = ordinalToReader.find(it->second);
+                       if ( pos == ordinalToReader.end() ) 
+                               ordinalToReader[it->second] = reader;
+                       else
+                               readerAliases[reader] = pos->second;
+               }
+       }
+       // renumber ordinals (depends on iterator walking in ordinal order)
+       // all LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB load commands must have highest ordinals
+       uint32_t newOrdinal = 0;
+       for (std::map<uint32_t, ObjectFile::Reader*>::iterator it = ordinalToReader.begin(); it != ordinalToReader.end(); ++it) {
+               if ( it->first <= fLibraryToOrdinal.size() ) {
+                       if ( ! it->second->isLazyLoadedDylib() )
+                               fLibraryToOrdinal[it->second] = ++newOrdinal;
+               }
+       }
+       for (std::map<uint32_t, ObjectFile::Reader*>::iterator it = ordinalToReader.begin(); it != ordinalToReader.end(); ++it) {
+               if ( it->first <= fLibraryToOrdinal.size() ) {
+                       if ( it->second->isLazyLoadedDylib() ) {
+                               fLibraryToOrdinal[it->second] = ++newOrdinal;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       
+       // <rdar://problem/5504954> linker does not error when dylib ordinal exceeds 250
+       if ( (newOrdinal >= MAX_LIBRARY_ORDINAL) && (fOptions.nameSpace() == Options::kTwoLevelNameSpace) )
+               throwf("two level namespace mach-o files can link with at most %d dylibs, this link would use %d dylibs", MAX_LIBRARY_ORDINAL, newOrdinal);
+
+       // add aliases (e.g. -lm points to libSystem.dylib)
+       for (std::map<ObjectFile::Reader*, ObjectFile::Reader*>::iterator it = readerAliases.begin(); it != readerAliases.end(); ++it) {
+               fLibraryToOrdinal[it->first] = fLibraryToOrdinal[it->second];
+       }
+
+       //fprintf(stderr, "new ordinals table:\n");
+       //for (std::map<class ObjectFile::Reader*, uint32_t>::iterator it = fLibraryToOrdinal.begin(); it != fLibraryToOrdinal.end(); ++it) {
+       //      fprintf(stderr, "%u <== %p/%s\n", it->second, it->first, it->first->getPath());
+       //}
+}
+
+
+template <>
+void Writer<arm>::scanForAbsoluteReferences()
+{
+       // arm codegen never has absolute references.  FIXME: Is this correct?
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86_64>::scanForAbsoluteReferences()
+{
+       // x86_64 codegen never has absolute references
+}
+
+template <>
+void  Writer<x86>::scanForAbsoluteReferences()
+{
+       // when linking -pie verify there are no absolute addressing, unless -read_only_relocs is also used
+       if ( fOptions.positionIndependentExecutable() && !fOptions.allowTextRelocs() ) {
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  references = atom->getReferences();
+                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>::iterator rit=references.begin(); rit != references.end(); rit++) {
+                               ObjectFile::Reference* ref = *rit;
+                               switch (ref->getKind()) {
+                                       case x86::kAbsolute32:
+                                               throwf("cannot link -pie: -mdynamic-no-pic codegen found in %s from %s", atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+                                               return;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+void  Writer<ppc>::scanForAbsoluteReferences()
+{
+       // when linking -pie verify there are no absolute addressing, unless -read_only_relocs is also used
+       if ( fOptions.positionIndependentExecutable()  && !fOptions.allowTextRelocs() ) {
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  references = atom->getReferences();
+                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>::iterator rit=references.begin(); rit != references.end(); rit++) {
+                               ObjectFile::Reference* ref = *rit;
+                               switch (ref->getKind()) {
+                                       case ppc::kAbsLow16:
+                                       case ppc::kAbsLow14:
+                                       case ppc::kAbsHigh16:
+                                       case ppc::kAbsHigh16AddLow:
+                                               throwf("cannot link -pie: -mdynamic-no-pic codegen found in %s from %s", atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+                                               return;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+// for ppc64 look for any -mdynamic-no-pic codegen
+template <>
+void  Writer<ppc64>::scanForAbsoluteReferences()
+{
+       // only do this for main executable
+       if ( mightNeedPadSegment() && (fPageZeroAtom != NULL) ) {
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  references = atom->getReferences();
+                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>::iterator rit=references.begin(); rit != references.end(); rit++) {
+                               ObjectFile::Reference* ref = *rit;
+                               switch (ref->getKind()) {
+                                       case ppc64::kAbsLow16:
+                                       case ppc64::kAbsLow14:
+                                       case ppc64::kAbsHigh16:
+                                       case ppc64::kAbsHigh16AddLow:
+                                               //fprintf(stderr, "found -mdynamic-no-pic codegen in %s in %s\n", atom->getDisplayName(), atom->getFile()->getPath());
+                                               // shrink page-zero and add pad segment to compensate
+                                               fPadSegmentInfo = new SegmentInfo();
+                                               strcpy(fPadSegmentInfo->fName, "__4GBFILL");
+                                               fPageZeroAtom->setSize(0x1000);
+                                               return;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::insertDummyStubs()
+{
+       // only needed for x86
+}
+
+template <>
+void Writer<x86>::insertDummyStubs()
+{
+       // any 5-byte stubs that cross a 32-byte cache line may update incorrectly
+       std::vector<class StubAtom<x86>*>        betterStubs;
+       for (std::vector<class StubAtom<x86>*>::iterator it=fAllSynthesizedStubs.begin(); it != fAllSynthesizedStubs.end(); it++) {
+               switch (betterStubs.size() % 64 ) {
+                       case 12:// stub would occupy 0x3C->0x41
+                       case 25:// stub would occupy 0x7D->0x82
+                       case 38:// stub would occupy 0xBE->0xC3
+                       case 51:// stub would occupy 0xFF->0x04
+                               betterStubs.push_back(new StubAtom<x86>(*this, *((ObjectFile::Atom*)NULL), false)); //pad with dummy stub
+                               break;
+               }
+               betterStubs.push_back(*it);
+       }
+       // replace 
+       fAllSynthesizedStubs.clear();
+       fAllSynthesizedStubs.insert(fAllSynthesizedStubs.begin(), betterStubs.begin(), betterStubs.end());
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::synthesizeStubs()
+{
+       switch ( fOptions.outputKind() ) {
+               case Options::kObjectFile:
+                       // these output kinds never have stubs
+                       return;
+               case Options::kStaticExecutable:
+               case Options::kDyld:
+               case Options::kDynamicLibrary:
+               case Options::kDynamicBundle:
+               case Options::kDynamicExecutable:
+                       // try to synthesize stubs for these
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       // walk every atom and reference
+       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+               ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+               std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  references = atom->getReferences();
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>::iterator rit=references.begin(); rit != references.end(); rit++) {
+                       ObjectFile::Reference* ref = *rit;
+                       switch ( ref->getTargetBinding()) {
+                               case ObjectFile::Reference::kUnboundByName:
+                               case ObjectFile::Reference::kDontBind:
+                                       break;
+                               case ObjectFile::Reference::kBoundByName:
+                               case ObjectFile::Reference::kBoundDirectly:
+                                       ObjectFile::Atom& target = ref->getTarget();
+                                       // build map of which symbols need weak importing
+                                       if ( (target.getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition)
+                                               || (target.getDefinitionKind() == ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition) ) {
+                                               bool weakImport = this->weakImportReferenceKind(ref->getKind());
+                                               // <rdar://problem/5633081> Obj-C Symbols in Leopard Can't Be Weak Linked
+                                               // dyld in Mac OS X 10.3 and earlier need N_WEAK_REF bit set on undefines to objc symbols
+                                               // in dylibs that are weakly linked.  
+                                               if ( (ref->getKind() == A::kNoFixUp) && (strncmp(target.getName(), ".objc_class_name_", 17) == 0) ) {
+                                                       typename std::map<class ObjectFile::Reader*, class DylibLoadCommandsAtom<A>* >::iterator pos;
+                                                       pos = fLibraryToLoadCommand.find(target.getFile());
+                                                       if ( pos != fLibraryToLoadCommand.end() ) {
+                                                               if ( pos->second->linkedWeak() )
+                                                                       weakImport = true;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                               std::map<const ObjectFile::Atom*,bool>::iterator pos = fWeakImportMap.find(&target);
+                                               if ( pos == fWeakImportMap.end() ) {
+                                                       // target not in fWeakImportMap, so add
+                                                       fWeakImportMap[&target] = weakImport;
+                                               }
+                                               else {
+                                                       // target in fWeakImportMap, check for weakness mismatch
+                                                       if ( pos->second != weakImport ) {
+                                                               // found mismatch
+                                                               switch ( fOptions.weakReferenceMismatchTreatment() ) {
+                                                                       case Options::kWeakReferenceMismatchError:
+                                                                               throwf("mismatching weak references for symbol: %s", target.getName());
+                                                                       case Options::kWeakReferenceMismatchWeak:
+                                                                               pos->second = true;
+                                                                               break;
+                                                                       case Options::kWeakReferenceMismatchNonWeak:
+                                                                               pos->second = false;
+                                                                               break;
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                               // update if we use a weak_import or a strong import from this dylib
+                                               if ( fWeakImportMap[&target] )
+                                                       fDylibReadersWithWeakImports.insert(target.getFile());
+                                               else
+                                                       fDylibReadersWithNonWeakImports.insert(target.getFile());
+                                       }
+                                       // create stubs as needed
+                                       if ( this->stubableReference(atom, ref) 
+                                               && (ref->getTargetOffset() == 0)
+                                               && this->relocationNeededInFinalLinkedImage(target) == kRelocExternal ) {
+                                               ObjectFile::Atom* stub = NULL;
+                                               std::map<const ObjectFile::Atom*,ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator pos = fStubsMap.find(&target);
+                                               if ( pos == fStubsMap.end() ) {
+                                                       bool forLazyDylib = false;
+                                                       switch ( target.getDefinitionKind() ) {
+                                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kRegularDefinition:
+                                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kWeakDefinition:
+                                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kAbsoluteSymbol:
+                                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kTentativeDefinition:
+                                                                       break;
+                                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalDefinition:
+                                                               case ObjectFile::Atom::kExternalWeakDefinition:
+                                                                       if ( target.getFile()->isLazyLoadedDylib() )
+                                                                               forLazyDylib = true;
+                                                                       break;
+                                                       }
+                                                       stub = new StubAtom<A>(*this, target, forLazyDylib);
+                                                       fStubsMap[&target] = stub;
+                                               }
+                                               else {
+                                                       stub = pos->second;
+                                               }
+                                               // alter reference to use stub instead
+                                               ref->setTarget(*stub, 0);
+                                       }
+                                       else if ( fOptions.usingLazyDylibLinking() && target.getFile()->isLazyLoadedDylib() ) {
+                                               throwf("illegal reference to %s in lazy loaded dylib from %s in %s", 
+                                                               target.getDisplayName(), atom->getDisplayName(), 
+                                                               atom->getFile()->getPath());
+                                       }
+                                       // create GOT slots (non-lazy pointers) as needed
+                                       else if ( this->GOTReferenceKind(ref->getKind()) ) {
+                                               // 
+                                               bool mustUseGOT = ( this->relocationNeededInFinalLinkedImage(ref->getTarget()) == kRelocExternal );
+                                               bool useGOT;
+                                               if ( fBiggerThanTwoGigs ) {
+                                                       // in big images use GOT for all zero fill atoms
+                                                       // this is just a heuristic and may need to be re-examined
+                                                       useGOT = mustUseGOT || ref->getTarget().isZeroFill();
+                                               }
+                                               else {
+                                                       // < 2GB image so remove all GOT entries that we can
+                                                       useGOT = mustUseGOT;
+                                               }
+                                               // if this GOT usage cannot be optimized away then make a GOT enry
+                                               if ( ! this->optimizableGOTReferenceKind(ref->getKind()) )
+                                                       useGOT = true;
+                                               if ( useGOT  ) {
+                                                       ObjectFile::Atom* nlp = NULL;
+                                                       std::map<ObjectFile::Atom*,ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator pos = fGOTMap.find(&target);
+                                                       if ( pos == fGOTMap.end() ) {
+                                                               nlp = new NonLazyPointerAtom<A>(*this, target);
+                                                               fGOTMap[&target] = nlp;
+                                                       }
+                                                       else {
+                                                               nlp = pos->second;
+                                                       }
+                                                       // alter reference to use non lazy pointer instead
+                                                       ref->setTarget(*nlp, ref->getTargetOffset());
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       // sort stubs
+       std::sort(fAllSynthesizedStubs.begin(), fAllSynthesizedStubs.end(), AtomByNameSorter());
+
+       // add dummy fast stubs (x86 only)
+       if ( !fOptions.slowx86Stubs() ) 
+               this->insertDummyStubs();
+
+       // sort lazy pointers
+       std::sort(fAllSynthesizedLazyPointers.begin(), fAllSynthesizedLazyPointers.end(), AtomByNameSorter());
+       std::sort(fAllSynthesizedLazyDylibPointers.begin(), fAllSynthesizedLazyDylibPointers.end(), AtomByNameSorter());
+
+
+       // add stubs to fAllAtoms
+       if ( fAllSynthesizedStubs.size() != 0 ) {
+               std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*> textStubs;
+               std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*> importStubs;
+               for (typename std::vector<class StubAtom<A>*>::iterator sit=fAllSynthesizedStubs.begin(); sit != fAllSynthesizedStubs.end(); ++sit) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* stubAtom = *sit;
+                       if ( strcmp(stubAtom->getSegment().getName(), "__TEXT") == 0 )
+                               textStubs.push_back(stubAtom);
+                       else
+                               importStubs.push_back(stubAtom);
+               }
+               // any helper stubs go right after regular stubs
+               if ( fAllSynthesizedStubHelpers.size() != 0 )
+                       textStubs.insert(textStubs.end(), fAllSynthesizedStubHelpers.begin(), fAllSynthesizedStubHelpers.end());
+               // insert text stubs right after __text section
+               ObjectFile::Section* curSection = NULL;
+               ObjectFile::Atom* prevAtom = NULL;
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                       ObjectFile::Section* nextSection = atom->getSection();
+                       if ( nextSection != curSection ) {
+                               if ( (prevAtom != NULL) && (strcmp(prevAtom->getSectionName(), "__text") == 0) ) {
+                                       // found end of __text section, insert stubs here
+                                       fAllAtoms->insert(it, textStubs.begin(), textStubs.end());
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               curSection = nextSection;
+                       }
+                       prevAtom = atom;
+               }
+               if ( importStubs.size() != 0 ) {
+                       // insert __IMPORTS stubs right before __LINKEDIT
+                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+                               ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                               ObjectFile::Section* nextSection = atom->getSection();
+                               if ( nextSection != curSection ) {
+                                       // for i386 where stubs are not in __TEXT segment
+                                       if ( ((prevAtom != NULL) && (strcmp(prevAtom->getSegment().getName(), "__IMPORT") == 0))
+                                               || (strcmp(atom->getSegment().getName(), "__LINKEDIT") == 0) ) {
+                                               // insert stubs at end of __IMPORT segment, or before __LINKEDIT
+                                               fAllAtoms->insert(it, importStubs.begin(), importStubs.end());
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       curSection = nextSection;
+                               }
+                               prevAtom = atom;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+
+       // add lazy dylib pointers to fAllAtoms
+       if ( fAllSynthesizedLazyDylibPointers.size() != 0 ) {
+               ObjectFile::Section* curSection = NULL;
+               ObjectFile::Atom* prevAtom = NULL;
+               bool inserted = false;
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                       ObjectFile::Section* nextSection = atom->getSection();
+                       if ( nextSection != curSection ) {
+                               if ( (prevAtom != NULL) && (strcmp(prevAtom->getSectionName(), "__dyld") == 0) ) {
+                                       // found end of __dyld section, insert lazy pointers here
+                                       fAllAtoms->insert(it, fAllSynthesizedLazyDylibPointers.begin(), fAllSynthesizedLazyDylibPointers.end());
+                                       inserted = true;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               curSection = nextSection;
+                       }
+                       prevAtom = atom;
+               }
+               if ( !inserted ) {
+                       throw "can't insert lazy pointers, __dyld section not found";
+               }
+       }
+
+       // add lazy pointers to fAllAtoms
+       if ( fAllSynthesizedLazyPointers.size() != 0 ) {
+               ObjectFile::Section* curSection = NULL;
+               ObjectFile::Atom* prevAtom = NULL;
+               bool inserted = false;
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                       ObjectFile::Section* nextSection = atom->getSection();
+                       if ( nextSection != curSection ) {
+                               if ( (prevAtom != NULL) && (strcmp(prevAtom->getSectionName(), "__dyld") == 0) ) {
+                                       // found end of __dyld section, insert lazy pointers here
+                                       fAllAtoms->insert(it, fAllSynthesizedLazyPointers.begin(), fAllSynthesizedLazyPointers.end());
+                                       inserted = true;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               curSection = nextSection;
+                       }
+                       prevAtom = atom;
+               }
+               if ( !inserted ) {
+                       throw "can't insert lazy pointers, __dyld section not found";
+               }
+       }
+       
+       // add non-lazy pointers to fAllAtoms
+       if ( fAllSynthesizedNonLazyPointers.size() != 0 ) {
+               ObjectFile::Section* curSection = NULL;
+               ObjectFile::Atom* prevAtom = NULL;
+               bool inserted = false;
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                       ObjectFile::Section* nextSection = atom->getSection();
+                       if ( nextSection != curSection ) {
+                               if ( (prevAtom != NULL) 
+                                       && ((strcmp(prevAtom->getSectionName(), "__dyld") == 0) 
+                                       || ((strcmp(prevAtom->getSectionName(), "__data") == 0) &&
+                                               ((fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDyld) || (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kStaticExecutable))) ) ) {
+                                       // found end of __dyld section, insert lazy pointers here
+                                       fAllAtoms->insert(it, fAllSynthesizedNonLazyPointers.begin(), fAllSynthesizedNonLazyPointers.end());
+                                       inserted = true;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               curSection = nextSection;
+                       }
+                       prevAtom = atom;
+               }
+               if ( !inserted ) {
+                       throw "can't insert non-lazy pointers, __dyld section not found";
+               }
+       }
+       
+       // build LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO content now that all atoms exist
+       if ( fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom != NULL ) {
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  references = atom->getReferences();
+                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>::iterator rit=references.begin(); rit != references.end(); rit++) {
+                               ObjectFile::Reference* ref = *rit;
+                               switch ( ref->getTargetBinding()) {
+                                       case ObjectFile::Reference::kUnboundByName:
+                                       case ObjectFile::Reference::kDontBind:
+                                               break;
+                                       case ObjectFile::Reference::kBoundByName:
+                                       case ObjectFile::Reference::kBoundDirectly:
+                                               if ( this->segmentsCanSplitApart(*atom, ref->getTarget()) ) {
+                                                       this->addCrossSegmentRef(atom, ref);
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::partitionIntoSections()
+{
+       const bool oneSegmentCommand = (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile);
+
+       // for every atom, set its sectionInfo object and section offset
+       // build up fSegmentInfos along the way
+       ObjectFile::Section* curSection = NULL;
+       SectionInfo* currentSectionInfo = NULL;
+       SegmentInfo* currentSegmentInfo = NULL;
+       SectionInfo* cstringSectionInfo = NULL;
+       unsigned int sectionIndex = 1;
+       fSegmentInfos.reserve(8);
+       for (unsigned int i=0; i < fAllAtoms->size(); ++i) {
+               ObjectFile::Atom* atom = (*fAllAtoms)[i];
+               if ( (atom->getSection() != curSection) || ((curSection==NULL) && (strcmp(atom->getSectionName(),currentSectionInfo->fSectionName) != 0)) ) {
+                       if ( oneSegmentCommand ) {
+                               if ( currentSegmentInfo == NULL ) {
+                                       currentSegmentInfo = new SegmentInfo();
+                                       currentSegmentInfo->fInitProtection = VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE | VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                                       currentSegmentInfo->fMaxProtection = VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE | VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                                       this->fSegmentInfos.push_back(currentSegmentInfo);
+                               }
+                               currentSectionInfo = new SectionInfo();
+                               strcpy(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, atom->getSectionName());
+                               strcpy(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, atom->getSegment().getName());
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAlignment = atom->getAlignment().powerOf2;
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllZeroFill = atom->isZeroFill();
+                               currentSectionInfo->fVirtualSection = (currentSectionInfo->fSectionName[0] == '.');
+                               if ( !currentSectionInfo->fVirtualSection || fEmitVirtualSections )
+                                       currentSectionInfo->setIndex(sectionIndex++);
+                               currentSegmentInfo->fSections.push_back(currentSectionInfo);
+                               if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__cstring") == 0) ) 
+                                       cstringSectionInfo = currentSectionInfo;
+                       }
+                       else {
+                               if ( (currentSegmentInfo == NULL) || (strcmp(currentSegmentInfo->fName, atom->getSegment().getName()) != 0) ) {
+                                       currentSegmentInfo = new SegmentInfo();
+                                       strcpy(currentSegmentInfo->fName, atom->getSegment().getName());
+                                       uint32_t initprot  = 0;
+                                       if ( atom->getSegment().isContentReadable() )
+                                               initprot |= VM_PROT_READ;
+                                       if ( atom->getSegment().isContentWritable() )
+                                               initprot |= VM_PROT_WRITE;
+                                       if ( atom->getSegment().isContentExecutable() )
+                                               initprot |= VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                                       if ( fOptions.readOnlyx86Stubs() && (strcmp(atom->getSegment().getName(), "__IMPORT") == 0) )
+                                               initprot &= ~VM_PROT_WRITE;     // hack until i386 __pointers section is synthesized by linker
+                                       currentSegmentInfo->fInitProtection = initprot;
+                                       if ( initprot == 0 )
+                                               currentSegmentInfo->fMaxProtection = 0;  // pagezero should have maxprot==initprot==0
+                                       else if ( fOptions.architecture() == CPU_TYPE_ARM )
+                                               currentSegmentInfo->fMaxProtection = currentSegmentInfo->fInitProtection; // iPhoneOS wants max==init
+                                       else
+                                               currentSegmentInfo->fMaxProtection = VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE | VM_PROT_EXECUTE;
+                                       std::vector<Options::SegmentProtect>& customSegProtections = fOptions.customSegmentProtections();
+                                       for(std::vector<Options::SegmentProtect>::iterator it = customSegProtections.begin(); it != customSegProtections.end(); ++it) {
+                                               if ( strcmp(it->name, currentSegmentInfo->fName) == 0 ) {
+                                                       currentSegmentInfo->fInitProtection = it->init;
+                                                       currentSegmentInfo->fMaxProtection = it->max;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       currentSegmentInfo->fBaseAddress = atom->getSegment().getBaseAddress();
+                                       currentSegmentInfo->fFixedAddress = atom->getSegment().hasFixedAddress();
+                                       if ( currentSegmentInfo->fFixedAddress && (&(atom->getSegment()) == &Segment::fgStackSegment) )
+                                               currentSegmentInfo->fIndependentAddress = true;
+                                       this->fSegmentInfos.push_back(currentSegmentInfo);
+                               }
+                               currentSectionInfo = new SectionInfo();
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAtoms.reserve(fAllAtoms->size()/4); // reduce reallocations by starting large
+                               strcpy(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, atom->getSectionName());
+                               strcpy(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, atom->getSegment().getName());
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAlignment = atom->getAlignment().powerOf2;
+                               // check for -sectalign override
+                               std::vector<Options::SectionAlignment>& alignmentOverrides = fOptions.sectionAlignments();
+                               for(std::vector<Options::SectionAlignment>::iterator it=alignmentOverrides.begin(); it != alignmentOverrides.end(); ++it) {
+                                       if ( (strcmp(it->segmentName, currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName) == 0) && (strcmp(it->sectionName, currentSectionInfo->fSectionName) == 0) )
+                                               currentSectionInfo->fAlignment = it->alignment;
+                               }
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllZeroFill = atom->isZeroFill();
+                               currentSectionInfo->fVirtualSection = ( currentSectionInfo->fSectionName[0] == '.');
+                               if ( !currentSectionInfo->fVirtualSection || fEmitVirtualSections )
+                                       currentSectionInfo->setIndex(sectionIndex++);
+                               currentSegmentInfo->fSections.push_back(currentSectionInfo);
+                       }
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "._load_commands") == 0) ) {
+                               fLoadCommandsSection = currentSectionInfo;
+                               fLoadCommandsSegment = currentSegmentInfo;
+                       }
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__DATA") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__la_symbol_ptr") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllLazyPointers = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__DATA") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__la_sym_ptr2") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllLazyPointers = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__DATA") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__ld_symbol_ptr") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllLazyDylibPointers = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__DATA") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__nl_symbol_ptr") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllNonLazyPointers = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__IMPORT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__pointers") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllNonLazyPointers = true;
+                       if ( (fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDyld) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__DATA") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__pointers") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllNonLazyPointers = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__picsymbolstub1") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllStubs = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__symbol_stub1") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllStubs = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__picsymbolstub2") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllStubs = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__symbol_stub") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllStubs = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__picsymbolstub4") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllStubs = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__symbol_stub4") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllStubs = true;
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__IMPORT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__jump_table") == 0) ) {
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAllSelfModifyingStubs = true;
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAlignment = 6; // force x86 fast stubs to start on 64-byte boundary
+                       }
+                       if ( (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) && (strcmp(currentSectionInfo->fSectionName, "__eh_frame") == 0) )
+                               currentSectionInfo->fAlignment = __builtin_ctz(sizeof(pint_t)); // always start CFI info pointer aligned
+                       curSection = atom->getSection();
+                       if ( currentSectionInfo->fAllNonLazyPointers || currentSectionInfo->fAllLazyPointers || currentSectionInfo->fAllLazyDylibPointers
+                               || currentSectionInfo->fAllStubs || currentSectionInfo->fAllSelfModifyingStubs ) {
+                                       fSymbolTableCommands->needDynamicTable();
+                               }
+               }
+               // any non-zero fill atoms make whole section marked not-zero-fill
+               if ( currentSectionInfo->fAllZeroFill && ! atom->isZeroFill() )
+                       currentSectionInfo->fAllZeroFill = false;
+               // change section object to be Writer's SectionInfo object
+               atom->setSection(currentSectionInfo);
+               // section alignment is that of a contained atom with the greatest alignment
+               uint8_t atomAlign = atom->getAlignment().powerOf2;
+               if ( currentSectionInfo->fAlignment < atomAlign ) 
+                       currentSectionInfo->fAlignment = atomAlign;
+               // calculate section offset for this atom
+               uint64_t offset = currentSectionInfo->fSize;
+               uint64_t alignment = 1 << atomAlign;
+               uint64_t currentModulus = (offset % alignment);
+               uint64_t requiredModulus = atom->getAlignment().modulus;
+               if ( currentModulus != requiredModulus ) {
+                       if ( requiredModulus > currentModulus )
+                               offset += requiredModulus-currentModulus;
+                       else
+                               offset += requiredModulus+alignment-currentModulus;             
+               }
+               atom->setSectionOffset(offset);
+               uint64_t curAtomSize = atom->getSize();
+               currentSectionInfo->fSize = offset + curAtomSize;
+               // add atom to section vector
+               currentSectionInfo->fAtoms.push_back(atom);
+               // update largest size
+               if ( !currentSectionInfo->fAllZeroFill && (curAtomSize > fLargestAtomSize) )
+                       fLargestAtomSize = curAtomSize;
+       }
+       if ( (cstringSectionInfo != NULL) && (cstringSectionInfo->fAlignment > 0) ) {
+               // when merging cstring sections in .o files, all strings need to use the max alignment
+               uint64_t offset = 0;
+               uint64_t cstringAlignment = 1 << cstringSectionInfo->fAlignment;
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=cstringSectionInfo->fAtoms.begin(); it != cstringSectionInfo->fAtoms.end(); it++) {
+                       offset = (offset + (cstringAlignment-1)) & (-cstringAlignment);
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                       atom->setSectionOffset(offset);
+                       offset += atom->getSize();
+               }
+               cstringSectionInfo->fSize = offset;
+       }
+}
+
+
+struct TargetAndOffset { ObjectFile::Atom* atom; uint32_t offset; };
+class TargetAndOffsetComparor
+{
+public:
+       bool operator()(const TargetAndOffset& left, const TargetAndOffset& right) const
+       {
+               if ( left.atom != right.atom )
+                       return ( left.atom < right.atom );
+               return ( left.offset < right.offset );
+       }
+};
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc>::addBranchIslands()
+{
+       return this->addPPCBranchIslands();
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc64>::addBranchIslands()
+{
+       return this->addPPCBranchIslands();
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86>::addBranchIslands()
+{
+       // x86 branches can reach entire 4G address space, so no need for branch islands
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<x86_64>::addBranchIslands()
+{
+       // x86 branches can reach entire 4G size of largest image
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<arm>::addBranchIslands()
+{
+       // arm branch islands not (yet) supported
+       // you can instead compile with -mlong-call
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc>::isBranch24Reference(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       switch (kind) {
+               case ppc::kBranch24:
+               case ppc::kBranch24WeakImport:
+                       return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+bool Writer<ppc64>::isBranch24Reference(uint8_t kind)
+{
+       switch (kind) {
+               case ppc64::kBranch24:
+               case ppc64::kBranch24WeakImport:
+                       return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+//
+// PowerPC can do PC relative branches as far as +/-16MB.
+// If a branch target is >16MB then we insert one or more
+// "branch islands" between the branch and its target that
+// allows island hoping to the target.
+//
+// Branch Island Algorithm
+//
+// If the __TEXT segment < 16MB, then no branch islands needed
+// Otherwise, every 15MB into the __TEXT segment is region is
+// added which can contain branch islands.  Every out of range
+// bl instruction is checked.  If it crosses a region, an island
+// is added to that region with the same target and the bl is
+// adjusted to target the island instead.
+//
+// In theory, if too many islands are added to one region, it
+// could grow the __TEXT enough that other previously in-range
+// bl branches could be pushed out of range.  We reduce the
+// probability this could happen by placing the ranges every
+// 15MB which means the region would have to be 1MB (256K islands)
+// before any branches could be pushed out of range.
+//
+template <typename A>
+bool Writer<A>::addPPCBranchIslands()
+{
+       bool log = false;
+       bool result = false;
+       // Can only possibly need branch islands if __TEXT segment > 16M
+       if ( fLoadCommandsSegment->fSize > 16000000 ) {
+               if ( log) fprintf(stderr, "ld: checking for branch islands, __TEXT segment size=%llu\n", fLoadCommandsSegment->fSize);
+               const uint32_t kBetweenRegions = 15*1024*1024; // place regions of islands every 15MB in __text section
+               SectionInfo* textSection = NULL;
+               for (std::vector<SectionInfo*>::iterator it=fLoadCommandsSegment->fSections.begin(); it != fLoadCommandsSegment->fSections.end(); it++) {
+                       if ( strcmp((*it)->fSectionName, "__text") == 0 ) {
+                               textSection = *it;
+                               if ( log) fprintf(stderr, "ld: checking for branch islands, __text section size=%llu\n", textSection->fSize);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               const int kIslandRegionsCount = fLoadCommandsSegment->fSize / kBetweenRegions;
+               typedef std::map<TargetAndOffset,ObjectFile::Atom*, TargetAndOffsetComparor> AtomToIsland;
+               AtomToIsland regionsMap[kIslandRegionsCount];
+               std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*> regionsIslands[kIslandRegionsCount];
+               unsigned int islandCount = 0;
+               if ( log) fprintf(stderr, "ld: will use %u branch island regions\n", kIslandRegionsCount);
+
+               // create islands for branch references that are out of range
+               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=fAllAtoms->begin(); it != fAllAtoms->end(); it++) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>&  references = atom->getReferences();
+                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Reference*>::iterator rit=references.begin(); rit != references.end(); rit++) {
+                               ObjectFile::Reference* ref = *rit;
+                               if ( this->isBranch24Reference(ref->getKind()) ) {
+                                       ObjectFile::Atom& target = ref->getTarget();
+                                       int64_t srcAddr = atom->getAddress() + ref->getFixUpOffset();
+                                       int64_t dstAddr = target.getAddress() + ref->getTargetOffset();
+                                       int64_t displacement = dstAddr - srcAddr;
+                                       TargetAndOffset finalTargetAndOffset = { &target, ref->getTargetOffset() };
+                                       const int64_t kFifteenMegLimit = kBetweenRegions;
+                                       if ( displacement > kFifteenMegLimit ) {
+                                               // create forward branch chain
+                                               ObjectFile::Atom* nextTarget = &target;
+                                               uint64_t nextTargetOffset = ref->getTargetOffset();
+                                               for (int i=kIslandRegionsCount-1; i >=0 ; --i) {
+                                                       AtomToIsland* region = &regionsMap[i];
+                                                       int64_t islandRegionAddr = kBetweenRegions * (i+1) + textSection->getBaseAddress();
+                                                       if ( (srcAddr < islandRegionAddr) && (islandRegionAddr <= dstAddr) ) { 
+                                                               AtomToIsland::iterator pos = region->find(finalTargetAndOffset);
+                                                               if ( pos == region->end() ) {
+                                                                       BranchIslandAtom<A>* island = new BranchIslandAtom<A>(*this, target.getDisplayName(), i, *nextTarget, nextTargetOffset);
+                                                                       island->setSection(textSection);
+                                                                       (*region)[finalTargetAndOffset] = island;
+                                                                       if (log) fprintf(stderr, "added island %s to region %d for %s\n", island->getDisplayName(), i, atom->getDisplayName());
+                                                                       regionsIslands[i].push_back(island);
+                                                                       ++islandCount;
+                                                                       nextTarget = island;
+                                                                       nextTargetOffset = 0;
+                                                               }
+                                                               else {
+                                                                       nextTarget = pos->second;
+                                                                       nextTargetOffset = 0;
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                               if (log) fprintf(stderr, "using island %s for branch to %s from %s\n", nextTarget->getDisplayName(), target.getDisplayName(), atom->getDisplayName());
+                                               ref->setTarget(*nextTarget, nextTargetOffset);
+                                       }
+                                       else if ( displacement < (-kFifteenMegLimit) ) {
+                                               // create back branching chain
+                                               ObjectFile::Atom* prevTarget = &target;
+                                               uint64_t prevTargetOffset = ref->getTargetOffset();
+                                               for (int i=0; i < kIslandRegionsCount ; ++i) {
+                                                       AtomToIsland* region = &regionsMap[i];
+                                                       int64_t islandRegionAddr = kBetweenRegions * (i+1);
+                                                       if ( (dstAddr <= islandRegionAddr) && (islandRegionAddr < srcAddr) ) {
+                                                               AtomToIsland::iterator pos = region->find(finalTargetAndOffset);
+                                                               if ( pos == region->end() ) {
+                                                                       BranchIslandAtom<A>* island = new BranchIslandAtom<A>(*this, target.getDisplayName(), i, *prevTarget, prevTargetOffset);
+                                                                       island->setSection(textSection);
+                                                                       (*region)[finalTargetAndOffset] = island;
+                                                                       if (log) fprintf(stderr, "added back island %s to region %d for %s\n", island->getDisplayName(), i, atom->getDisplayName());
+                                                                       regionsIslands[i].push_back(island);
+                                                                       ++islandCount;
+                                                                       prevTarget = island;
+                                                                       prevTargetOffset = 0;
+                                                               }
+                                                               else {
+                                                                       prevTarget = pos->second;
+                                                                       prevTargetOffset = 0;
+                                                               }
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                               if (log) fprintf(stderr, "using back island %s for %s\n", prevTarget->getDisplayName(), atom->getDisplayName());
+                                               ref->setTarget(*prevTarget, prevTargetOffset);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // insert islands into __text section and adjust section offsets
+               if ( islandCount > 0 ) {
+                       if ( log ) fprintf(stderr, "ld: %u branch islands required in %u regions\n", islandCount, kIslandRegionsCount);
+                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*> newAtomList;
+                       newAtomList.reserve(textSection->fAtoms.size()+islandCount);
+                       uint64_t islandRegionAddr = kBetweenRegions + textSection->getBaseAddress();
+                       uint64_t textSectionAlignment = (1 << textSection->fAlignment);
+                       int regionIndex = 0;
+                       uint64_t atomSlide = 0;
+                       uint64_t sectionOffset = 0;
+                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=textSection->fAtoms.begin(); it != textSection->fAtoms.end(); it++) {
+                               ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+                               if ( atom->getAddress() > islandRegionAddr ) {
+                                       uint64_t islandStartOffset = atom->getSectionOffset() + atomSlide;
+                                       sectionOffset = islandStartOffset;
+                                       std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>* regionIslands = &regionsIslands[regionIndex];
+                                       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator rit=regionIslands->begin(); rit != regionIslands->end(); rit++) {
+                                               ObjectFile::Atom* islandAtom = *rit;
+                                               newAtomList.push_back(islandAtom);
+                                               uint64_t alignment = 1 << (islandAtom->getAlignment().powerOf2);
+                                               sectionOffset = ( (sectionOffset+alignment-1) & (-alignment) );
+                                               islandAtom->setSectionOffset(sectionOffset);
+                                               sectionOffset += islandAtom->getSize();
+                                       }
+                                       ++regionIndex;
+                                       islandRegionAddr += kBetweenRegions;
+                                       uint64_t islandRegionAlignmentBlocks = (sectionOffset - islandStartOffset + textSectionAlignment - 1) / textSectionAlignment;
+                                       atomSlide += (islandRegionAlignmentBlocks * textSectionAlignment);
+                               }
+                               newAtomList.push_back(atom);
+                               if ( atomSlide != 0 )
+                                       atom->setSectionOffset(atom->getSectionOffset()+atomSlide);
+                       }
+                       sectionOffset = textSection->fSize+atomSlide;
+                       // put any remaining islands at end of __text section
+                       if ( regionIndex < kIslandRegionsCount ) {
+                               std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>* regionIslands = &regionsIslands[regionIndex];
+                               for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator rit=regionIslands->begin(); rit != regionIslands->end(); rit++) {
+                                       ObjectFile::Atom* islandAtom = *rit;
+                                       newAtomList.push_back(islandAtom);
+                                       uint64_t alignment = 1 << (islandAtom->getAlignment().powerOf2);
+                                       sectionOffset = ( (sectionOffset+alignment-1) & (-alignment) );
+                                       islandAtom->setSectionOffset(sectionOffset);
+                                       sectionOffset += islandAtom->getSize();
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       textSection->fAtoms = newAtomList;
+                       textSection->fSize = sectionOffset;
+                       result = true;
+               }
+
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::adjustLoadCommandsAndPadding()
+{
+       fSegmentCommands->computeSize();
+
+       // recompute load command section offsets
+       uint64_t offset = 0;
+       std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>& loadCommandAtoms = fLoadCommandsSection->fAtoms;
+       const unsigned int atomCount = loadCommandAtoms.size();
+       for (unsigned int i=0; i < atomCount; ++i) {
+               ObjectFile::Atom* atom = loadCommandAtoms[i];
+               uint64_t alignment = 1 << atom->getAlignment().powerOf2;
+               offset = ( (offset+alignment-1) & (-alignment) );
+               atom->setSectionOffset(offset);
+               uint32_t atomSize = atom->getSize();
+               if ( atomSize > fLargestAtomSize )
+                       fLargestAtomSize = atomSize;
+               offset += atomSize;
+               fLoadCommandsSection->fSize = offset;
+       }
+
+       std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = fLoadCommandsSegment->fSections;
+       const int sectionCount = sectionInfos.size();
+       uint32_t totalSizeOfHeaderAndLoadCommands = 0;
+       for(int j=0; j < sectionCount; ++j) {
+               SectionInfo* curSection = sectionInfos[j];
+               totalSizeOfHeaderAndLoadCommands += curSection->fSize;
+               if ( strcmp(curSection->fSectionName, fHeaderPadding->getSectionName()) == 0 )
+                       break;
+       }
+       uint64_t paddingSize = 0;
+       if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDyld ) {
+               // dyld itself has special padding requirements.  We want the beginning __text section to start at a stable address
+               paddingSize = 4096 - (totalSizeOfHeaderAndLoadCommands % 4096);
+       }
+       else if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile ) {
+               // mach-o .o files need no padding between load commands and first section
+               paddingSize = 0;
+       }
+       else if ( fOptions.makeEncryptable() ) {
+               // want load commands to end on a page boundary, so __text starts on page boundary
+               paddingSize = 4096 - ((totalSizeOfHeaderAndLoadCommands+fOptions.minimumHeaderPad()) % 4096) + fOptions.minimumHeaderPad();
+               fEncryptionLoadCommand->setStartEncryptionOffset(totalSizeOfHeaderAndLoadCommands+paddingSize);
+       }
+       else {
+               // work backwards from end of segment and lay out sections so that extra room goes to padding atom
+               uint64_t addr = 0;
+               for(int j=sectionCount-1; j >=0; --j) {
+                       SectionInfo* curSection = sectionInfos[j];
+                       addr -= curSection->fSize;
+                       addr = addr & (0 - (1 << curSection->fAlignment));
+                       if ( strcmp(curSection->fSectionName, fHeaderPadding->getSectionName()) == 0 ) {
+                               addr -= totalSizeOfHeaderAndLoadCommands;
+                               paddingSize = addr % 4096;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // if command line requires more padding than this
+               uint32_t minPad = fOptions.minimumHeaderPad();
+               if ( fOptions.maxMminimumHeaderPad() ) {
+                       // -headerpad_max_install_names means there should be room for every path load command to grow to 1204 bytes
+                       uint32_t altMin = fLibraryToOrdinal.size() * MAXPATHLEN;
+                       if ( fOptions.outputKind() ==  Options::kDynamicLibrary )
+                               altMin += MAXPATHLEN;
+                       if ( altMin > minPad )
+                               minPad = altMin;
+               }
+               if ( paddingSize < minPad ) {
+                       int extraPages = (minPad - paddingSize + 4095)/4096;
+                       paddingSize += extraPages * 4096;
+               }
+       }
+
+       // adjust atom size and update section size
+       fHeaderPadding->setSize(paddingSize);
+       for(int j=0; j < sectionCount; ++j) {
+               SectionInfo* curSection = sectionInfos[j];
+               if ( strcmp(curSection->fSectionName, fHeaderPadding->getSectionName()) == 0 )
+                       curSection->fSize = paddingSize;
+       }
+}
+
+// assign file offsets and logical address to all segments
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::assignFileOffsets()
+{
+       bool finalLinkedImage = (fOptions.outputKind() != Options::kObjectFile);
+       bool haveFixedSegments = false;
+       uint64_t fileOffset = 0;
+       uint64_t nextContiguousAddress = fOptions.baseAddress();
+       uint64_t nextReadOnlyAddress = fOptions.baseAddress();
+       uint64_t nextWritableAddress = fOptions.baseWritableAddress();
+
+       // process segments with fixed addresses (-segaddr)
+       for (std::vector<Options::SegmentStart>::iterator it = fOptions.customSegmentAddresses().begin(); it != fOptions.customSegmentAddresses().end(); ++it) {
+                       for (std::vector<SegmentInfo*>::iterator segit = fSegmentInfos.begin(); segit != fSegmentInfos.end(); ++segit) {
+                       SegmentInfo* curSegment = *segit;
+                       if ( strcmp(curSegment->fName, it->name) == 0 ) {
+                               curSegment->fBaseAddress = it->address;
+                               curSegment->fFixedAddress = true;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       // Run through the segments and each segment's sections to assign addresses
+       for (std::vector<SegmentInfo*>::iterator segit = fSegmentInfos.begin(); segit != fSegmentInfos.end(); ++segit) {
+               SegmentInfo* curSegment = *segit;
+               
+               if ( fOptions.splitSeg() ) {
+                       if ( curSegment->fInitProtection & VM_PROT_WRITE ) 
+                               nextContiguousAddress = nextWritableAddress;
+                       else
+                               nextContiguousAddress = nextReadOnlyAddress;
+               }
+               
+               fileOffset = (fileOffset+4095) & (-4096);
+               curSegment->fFileOffset = fileOffset;
+               
+               // Set the segment base address
+               if ( curSegment->fFixedAddress )
+                       haveFixedSegments = true;
+               else
+                       curSegment->fBaseAddress = nextContiguousAddress;
+
+               // We've set the segment address, now run through each section.
+               uint64_t address = curSegment->fBaseAddress;
+               SectionInfo* firstZeroFillSection = NULL;
+               SectionInfo* prevSection = NULL;
+               
+               std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = curSegment->fSections;
+               
+               for (std::vector<SectionInfo*>::iterator it = sectionInfos.begin(); it != sectionInfos.end(); ++it) {
+                       SectionInfo* curSection = *it;
+               
+                       // adjust section address based on alignment
+                       uint64_t alignment = 1 << curSection->fAlignment;
+                       address    = ( (address+alignment-1) & (-alignment) );
+                       
+                       // adjust file offset to match address
+                       if ( prevSection != NULL ) {
+                               if ( finalLinkedImage || !prevSection->fVirtualSection )
+                                       fileOffset = (address - prevSection->getBaseAddress()) + prevSection->fFileOffset;
+                               else
+                                       fileOffset = ( (fileOffset+alignment-1) & (-alignment) );
+                       }
+                       
+                       // update section info
+                       curSection->fFileOffset = fileOffset;
+                       curSection->setBaseAddress(address);
+                       //fprintf(stderr, "%s %s %llX\n", curSegment->fName, curSection->fSectionName, address);
+
+                       // keep track of trailing zero fill sections
+                       if ( curSection->fAllZeroFill && (firstZeroFillSection == NULL) )
+                               firstZeroFillSection = curSection;
+                       if ( !curSection->fAllZeroFill && (firstZeroFillSection != NULL) && finalLinkedImage ) 
+                               throwf("zero-fill section %s not at end of segment", curSection->fSectionName);
+                       
+                       // update running pointers
+                       if ( finalLinkedImage || !curSection->fVirtualSection )
+                               address += curSection->fSize;
+                       fileOffset += curSection->fSize;
+                       
+                       // sanity check size of 32-bit binaries
+                       if ( address > maxAddress() )
+                               throwf("section %s exceeds 4GB limit", curSection->fSectionName);
+                       
+                       // update segment info
+                       curSegment->fFileSize = fileOffset - curSegment->fFileOffset;
+                       curSegment->fSize = curSegment->fFileSize;
+                       prevSection = curSection;
+               }
+               
+               if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile ) {
+                       // don't page align .o files
+               }
+               else {
+                       // optimize trailing zero-fill sections to not occupy disk space
+                       if ( firstZeroFillSection != NULL ) {
+                               curSegment->fFileSize = firstZeroFillSection->fFileOffset - curSegment->fFileOffset;
+                               fileOffset = firstZeroFillSection->fFileOffset;
+                       }
+                       // page align segment size
+                       curSegment->fFileSize = (curSegment->fFileSize+4095) & (-4096);
+                       curSegment->fSize         = (curSegment->fSize+4095) & (-4096);
+                       if ( !curSegment->fIndependentAddress && (curSegment->fBaseAddress >= nextContiguousAddress) ) {
+                               nextContiguousAddress = (curSegment->fBaseAddress+curSegment->fSize+4095) & (-4096);
+                               if ( curSegment->fInitProtection & VM_PROT_WRITE )
+                                       nextWritableAddress = nextContiguousAddress;
+                               else
+                                       nextReadOnlyAddress = nextContiguousAddress;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+                       
+       // check for segment overlaps caused by user specified fixed segments (e.g. __PAGEZERO, __UNIXSTACK)
+       if ( haveFixedSegments ) {
+               int segCount = fSegmentInfos.size();
+               for(int i=0; i < segCount; ++i) {
+                       SegmentInfo* segment1 = fSegmentInfos[i];
+                       
+                       for(int j=0; j < segCount; ++j) {
+                               if ( i != j ) {
+                                       SegmentInfo* segment2 = fSegmentInfos[j];
+                                       
+                                       if ( segment1->fBaseAddress < segment2->fBaseAddress ) {
+                                               if ( (segment1->fBaseAddress+segment1->fSize) > segment2->fBaseAddress )
+                                                       throwf("segments overlap: %s (0x%08llX + 0x%08llX) and %s (0x%08llX + 0x%08llX)",
+                                                               segment1->fName, segment1->fBaseAddress, segment1->fSize, segment2->fName, segment2->fBaseAddress, segment2->fSize);
+                                       }
+                                       else if ( segment1->fBaseAddress > segment2->fBaseAddress ) {
+                                               if ( (segment2->fBaseAddress+segment2->fSize) > segment1->fBaseAddress )
+                                                       throwf("segments overlap: %s (0x%08llX + 0x%08llX) and %s (0x%08llX + 0x%08llX)",
+                                                               segment1->fName, segment1->fBaseAddress, segment1->fSize, segment2->fName, segment2->fBaseAddress, segment2->fSize);
+                                       }
+                                       else if ( (segment1->fSize != 0) && (segment2->fSize != 0) ) {
+                                                       throwf("segments overlap: %s (0x%08llX + 0x%08llX) and %s (0x%08llX + 0x%08llX)",
+                                                               segment1->fName, segment1->fBaseAddress, segment1->fSize, segment2->fName, segment2->fBaseAddress, segment2->fSize);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       // set up fFirstWritableSegment and fWritableSegmentPastFirst4GB
+       for (std::vector<SegmentInfo*>::iterator segit = fSegmentInfos.begin(); segit != fSegmentInfos.end(); ++segit) {
+               SegmentInfo* curSegment = *segit;
+               if ( (curSegment->fInitProtection & VM_PROT_WRITE) != 0 ) {
+                       if ( fFirstWritableSegment == NULL )
+                               fFirstWritableSegment = curSegment;
+                       if ( (curSegment->fBaseAddress + curSegment->fSize - fOptions.baseAddress()) >= 0x100000000LL )
+                               fWritableSegmentPastFirst4GB = true;
+               }
+       }
+       
+       // record size of encrypted part of __TEXT segment
+       if ( fOptions.makeEncryptable() ) {
+               for (std::vector<SegmentInfo*>::iterator segit = fSegmentInfos.begin(); segit != fSegmentInfos.end(); ++segit) {
+                       SegmentInfo* curSegment = *segit;
+                       if ( strcmp(curSegment->fName, "__TEXT") == 0 ) {
+                               fEncryptionLoadCommand->setEndEncryptionOffset(curSegment->fFileSize);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void Writer<A>::adjustLinkEditSections()
+{
+       // link edit content is always in last segment
+       SegmentInfo* lastSeg = fSegmentInfos[fSegmentInfos.size()-1];
+       unsigned int firstLinkEditSectionIndex = 0;
+       while ( strcmp(lastSeg->fSections[firstLinkEditSectionIndex]->fSegmentName, "__LINKEDIT") != 0 )
+               ++firstLinkEditSectionIndex;
+
+       const unsigned int linkEditSectionCount = lastSeg->fSections.size();
+       uint64_t fileOffset = lastSeg->fSections[firstLinkEditSectionIndex]->fFileOffset;
+       uint64_t address = lastSeg->fSections[firstLinkEditSectionIndex]->getBaseAddress();
+       if ( fPadSegmentInfo != NULL ) {
+               // insert __4GBFILL segment into segments vector before LINKEDIT
+               for(std::vector<SegmentInfo*>::iterator it = fSegmentInfos.begin(); it != fSegmentInfos.end(); ++it) {
+                       if ( *it == lastSeg ) {
+                               fSegmentInfos.insert(it, fPadSegmentInfo);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               // adjust  __4GBFILL segment to span from end of last segment to zeroPageSize
+               fPadSegmentInfo->fSize = fOptions.zeroPageSize() - address;
+               fPadSegmentInfo->fBaseAddress = address;
+               // adjust LINKEDIT to start at zeroPageSize
+               address = fOptions.zeroPageSize();
+               lastSeg->fBaseAddress = fOptions.zeroPageSize();
+       }
+       for (unsigned int i=firstLinkEditSectionIndex; i < linkEditSectionCount; ++i) {
+               std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>& atoms = lastSeg->fSections[i]->fAtoms;
+               // adjust section address based on alignment
+               uint64_t sectionAlignment = 1 << lastSeg->fSections[i]->fAlignment;
+               uint64_t pad = ((address+sectionAlignment-1) & (-sectionAlignment)) - address;
+               address += pad;
+               fileOffset += pad;      // adjust file offset to match address
+               lastSeg->fSections[i]->setBaseAddress(address);
+               if ( strcmp(lastSeg->fSections[i]->fSectionName, "._absolute") == 0 )
+                       lastSeg->fSections[i]->setBaseAddress(0);
+               lastSeg->fSections[i]->fFileOffset = fileOffset;
+               uint64_t sectionOffset = 0;
+               for (unsigned int j=0; j < atoms.size(); ++j) {
+                       ObjectFile::Atom* atom = atoms[j];
+                       uint64_t alignment = 1 << atom->getAlignment().powerOf2;
+                       sectionOffset = ( (sectionOffset+alignment-1) & (-alignment) );
+                       atom->setSectionOffset(sectionOffset);
+                       uint64_t size = atom->getSize();
+                       sectionOffset += size;
+                       if ( size > fLargestAtomSize )
+                               fLargestAtomSize = size;
+               }
+               //fprintf(stderr, "setting: lastSeg->fSections[%d]->fSize = 0x%08llX\n", i, sectionOffset);
+               lastSeg->fSections[i]->fSize = sectionOffset;
+               fileOffset += sectionOffset;
+               address += sectionOffset;
+       }
+       if ( fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile ) {
+               //lastSeg->fBaseAddress = 0;
+               //lastSeg->fSize = lastSeg->fSections[firstLinkEditSectionIndex]->
+               //lastSeg->fFileOffset = 0;
+               //lastSeg->fFileSize =
+       }
+       else {
+               lastSeg->fFileSize = fileOffset - lastSeg->fFileOffset;
+               lastSeg->fSize     = (address - lastSeg->fBaseAddress+4095) & (-4096);
+       }
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+ObjectFile::Atom::Scope MachHeaderAtom<A>::getScope() const
+{
+       switch ( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() ) {
+               case Options::kDynamicExecutable:
+               case Options::kStaticExecutable:
+                       return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeGlobal;
+               case Options::kDynamicLibrary:
+               case Options::kDynamicBundle:
+               case Options::kDyld:
+               case Options::kObjectFile:
+                       return ObjectFile::Atom::scopeLinkageUnit;
+       }
+       throw "unknown header type";
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+ObjectFile::Atom::SymbolTableInclusion MachHeaderAtom<A>::getSymbolTableInclusion() const
+{
+       switch ( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() ) {
+               case Options::kDynamicExecutable:
+                       return ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableInAndNeverStrip;
+               case Options::kStaticExecutable:
+                       return ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableInAsAbsolute;
+               case Options::kDynamicLibrary:
+               case Options::kDynamicBundle:
+               case Options::kDyld:
+                       return ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableIn;
+               case Options::kObjectFile:
+                       return ObjectFile::Atom::kSymbolTableNotIn;
+       }
+       throw "unknown header type";
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+const char* MachHeaderAtom<A>::getName() const
+{
+       switch ( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() ) {
+               case Options::kDynamicExecutable:
+               case Options::kStaticExecutable:
+                       return "__mh_execute_header";
+               case Options::kDynamicLibrary:
+                       return "__mh_dylib_header";
+               case Options::kDynamicBundle:
+                       return "__mh_bundle_header";
+               case Options::kObjectFile:
+                       return NULL;
+               case Options::kDyld:
+                       return "__mh_dylinker_header";
+       }
+       throw "unknown header type";
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+const char* MachHeaderAtom<A>::getDisplayName() const
+{
+       switch ( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() ) {
+               case Options::kDynamicExecutable:
+               case Options::kStaticExecutable:
+               case Options::kDynamicLibrary:
+               case Options::kDynamicBundle:
+               case Options::kDyld:
+                       return this->getName();
+               case Options::kObjectFile:
+                       return "mach header";
+       }
+       throw "unknown header type";
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void MachHeaderAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       // get file type
+       uint32_t fileType = 0;
+       switch ( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() ) {
+               case Options::kDynamicExecutable:
+               case Options::kStaticExecutable:
+                       fileType = MH_EXECUTE;
+                       break;
+               case Options::kDynamicLibrary:
+                       fileType = MH_DYLIB;
+                       break;
+               case Options::kDynamicBundle:
+                       fileType = MH_BUNDLE;
+                       break;
+               case Options::kObjectFile:
+                       fileType = MH_OBJECT;
+                       break;
+               case Options::kDyld:
+                       fileType = MH_DYLINKER;
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       // get flags
+       uint32_t flags = 0;
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile ) {
+               if ( fWriter.fCanScatter )
+                       flags = MH_SUBSECTIONS_VIA_SYMBOLS;
+       }
+       else {
+               if ( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kStaticExecutable ) {
+                       flags |= MH_NOUNDEFS;
+               }
+               else {
+                       flags = MH_DYLDLINK;
+                       if ( fWriter.fOptions.bindAtLoad() )
+                               flags |= MH_BINDATLOAD;
+                       switch ( fWriter.fOptions.nameSpace() ) {
+                               case Options::kTwoLevelNameSpace:
+                                       flags |= MH_TWOLEVEL | MH_NOUNDEFS;
+                                       break;
+                               case Options::kFlatNameSpace:
+                                       break;
+                               case Options::kForceFlatNameSpace:
+                                       flags |= MH_FORCE_FLAT;
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       if ( fWriter.fHasWeakExports )
+                               flags |= MH_WEAK_DEFINES;
+                       if ( fWriter.fReferencesWeakImports || fWriter.fHasWeakExports )
+                               flags |= MH_BINDS_TO_WEAK;
+                       if ( fWriter.fOptions.prebind() )
+                               flags |= MH_PREBOUND;
+                       if ( fWriter.fOptions.splitSeg() )
+                               flags |= MH_SPLIT_SEGS;
+                       if ( (fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDynamicLibrary) && fWriter.fNoReExportedDylibs ) 
+                               flags |= MH_NO_REEXPORTED_DYLIBS;
+                       if ( fWriter.fOptions.positionIndependentExecutable() ) 
+                               flags |= MH_PIE;
+               }
+               if ( fWriter.fOptions.hasExecutableStack() )
+                       flags |= MH_ALLOW_STACK_EXECUTION;
+               if ( fWriter.fOptions.readerOptions().fRootSafe )
+                       flags |= MH_ROOT_SAFE;
+               if ( fWriter.fOptions.readerOptions().fSetuidSafe )
+                       flags |= MH_SETUID_SAFE;
+       }
+
+       // get commands info
+       uint32_t commandsSize = 0;
+       uint32_t commandsCount = 0;
+
+       std::vector<class ObjectFile::Atom*>& loadCommandAtoms = fWriter.fLoadCommandsSection->fAtoms;
+       for (std::vector<ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator it=loadCommandAtoms.begin(); it != loadCommandAtoms.end(); it++) {
+               ObjectFile::Atom* atom = *it;
+               commandsSize += atom->getSize();
+               // segment and symbol table atoms can contain more than one load command
+               if ( atom == fWriter.fSegmentCommands )
+                       commandsCount += fWriter.fSegmentCommands->commandCount();
+               else if ( atom == fWriter.fSymbolTableCommands )
+                       commandsCount += fWriter.fSymbolTableCommands->commandCount();
+               else if ( atom->getSize() != 0 )
+                       ++commandsCount;
+       }
+
+       // fill out mach_header
+       macho_header<typename A::P>* mh = (macho_header<typename A::P>*)buffer;
+       setHeaderInfo(*mh);
+       mh->set_filetype(fileType);
+       mh->set_ncmds(commandsCount);
+       mh->set_sizeofcmds(commandsSize);
+       mh->set_flags(flags);
+}
+
+template <>
+void MachHeaderAtom<ppc>::setHeaderInfo(macho_header<ppc::P>& header) const
+{
+       header.set_magic(MH_MAGIC);
+       header.set_cputype(CPU_TYPE_POWERPC);
+    header.set_cpusubtype(fWriter.fCpuConstraint);
+}
+
+template <>
+void MachHeaderAtom<ppc64>::setHeaderInfo(macho_header<ppc64::P>& header) const
+{
+       header.set_magic(MH_MAGIC_64);
+       header.set_cputype(CPU_TYPE_POWERPC64);
+       if ( (fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDynamicExecutable) && (fWriter.fOptions.macosxVersionMin() >= ObjectFile::ReaderOptions::k10_5) )
+               header.set_cpusubtype(CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_ALL | 0x80000000);
+       else
+               header.set_cpusubtype(CPU_SUBTYPE_POWERPC_ALL);
+       header.set_reserved(0);
+}
+
+template <>
+void MachHeaderAtom<x86>::setHeaderInfo(macho_header<x86::P>& header) const
+{
+       header.set_magic(MH_MAGIC);
+       header.set_cputype(CPU_TYPE_I386);
+       header.set_cpusubtype(CPU_SUBTYPE_I386_ALL);
+}
+
+template <>
+void MachHeaderAtom<x86_64>::setHeaderInfo(macho_header<x86_64::P>& header) const
+{
+       header.set_magic(MH_MAGIC_64);
+       header.set_cputype(CPU_TYPE_X86_64);
+       if ( (fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDynamicExecutable) && (fWriter.fOptions.macosxVersionMin() >= ObjectFile::ReaderOptions::k10_5) )
+               header.set_cpusubtype(CPU_SUBTYPE_X86_64_ALL | 0x80000000);
+       else
+               header.set_cpusubtype(CPU_SUBTYPE_X86_64_ALL);
+       header.set_reserved(0);
+}
+
+template <>
+void MachHeaderAtom<arm>::setHeaderInfo(macho_header<arm::P>& header) const
+{
+       header.set_magic(MH_MAGIC);
+       header.set_cputype(CPU_TYPE_ARM);
+       header.set_cpusubtype(fWriter.fCpuConstraint);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+CustomStackAtom<A>::CustomStackAtom(Writer<A>& writer)
+ : WriterAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgStackSegment)
+{
+       if ( stackGrowsDown() )
+               Segment::fgStackSegment.setBaseAddress(writer.fOptions.customStackAddr() - writer.fOptions.customStackSize());
+       else
+               Segment::fgStackSegment.setBaseAddress(writer.fOptions.customStackAddr());
+}
+
+
+template <> bool CustomStackAtom<ppc>::stackGrowsDown()    { return true; }
+template <> bool CustomStackAtom<ppc64>::stackGrowsDown()  { return true; }
+template <> bool CustomStackAtom<x86>::stackGrowsDown()    { return true; }
+template <> bool CustomStackAtom<x86_64>::stackGrowsDown() { return true; }
+template <> bool CustomStackAtom<arm>::stackGrowsDown()    { return true; }
+
+template <typename A>
+void SegmentLoadCommandsAtom<A>::computeSize()
+{
+       uint64_t size = 0;
+       std::vector<SegmentInfo*>& segmentInfos = fWriter.fSegmentInfos;
+       const int segCount = segmentInfos.size();
+       for(int i=0; i < segCount; ++i) {
+               size += sizeof(macho_segment_command<P>);
+               std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = segmentInfos[i]->fSections;
+               const int sectionCount = sectionInfos.size();
+               for(int j=0; j < sectionCount; ++j) {
+                       if ( fWriter.fEmitVirtualSections || ! sectionInfos[j]->fVirtualSection )
+                               size += sizeof(macho_section<P>);
+               }
+       }
+       fSize = size;
+       fCommandCount = segCount;
+       if ( fWriter.fPadSegmentInfo != NULL ) {
+               ++fCommandCount;
+               fSize += sizeof(macho_segment_command<P>);
+       }
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t LoadCommandAtom<ppc>::alignedSize(uint64_t size)
+{
+       return ((size+3) & (-4));       // 4-byte align all load commands for 32-bit mach-o
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t LoadCommandAtom<ppc64>::alignedSize(uint64_t size)
+{
+       return ((size+7) & (-8));       // 8-byte align all load commands for 64-bit mach-o
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t LoadCommandAtom<x86>::alignedSize(uint64_t size)
+{
+       return ((size+3) & (-4));       // 4-byte align all load commands for 32-bit mach-o
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t LoadCommandAtom<x86_64>::alignedSize(uint64_t size)
+{
+       return ((size+7) & (-8));       // 8-byte align all load commands for 64-bit mach-o
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t LoadCommandAtom<arm>::alignedSize(uint64_t size)
+{
+       return ((size+3) & (-4));       // 4-byte align all load commands for 32-bit mach-o
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void SegmentLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       const bool oneSegment =( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kObjectFile );
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       uint8_t* p = buffer;
+       typename std::vector<SegmentInfo*>& segmentInfos = fWriter.fSegmentInfos;
+       const int segCount = segmentInfos.size();
+       for(int i=0; i < segCount; ++i) {
+               SegmentInfo* segInfo = segmentInfos[i];
+               const int sectionCount = segInfo->fSections.size();
+               macho_segment_command<P>* cmd = (macho_segment_command<P>*)p;
+               cmd->set_cmd(macho_segment_command<P>::CMD);
+               cmd->set_segname(segInfo->fName);
+               cmd->set_vmaddr(segInfo->fBaseAddress);
+               cmd->set_vmsize(segInfo->fSize);
+               cmd->set_fileoff(segInfo->fFileOffset);
+               cmd->set_filesize(segInfo->fFileSize);
+               cmd->set_maxprot(segInfo->fMaxProtection);
+               cmd->set_initprot(segInfo->fInitProtection);
+               // add sections array
+               macho_section<P>* const sections = (macho_section<P>*)&p[sizeof(macho_segment_command<P>)];
+               unsigned int sectionsEmitted = 0;
+               for (int j=0; j < sectionCount; ++j) {
+                       SectionInfo* sectInfo = segInfo->fSections[j];
+                       if ( fWriter.fEmitVirtualSections || !sectInfo->fVirtualSection ) {
+                               macho_section<P>* sect = &sections[sectionsEmitted++];
+                               if ( oneSegment ) {
+                                       // .o file segment does not cover load commands, so recalc at first real section
+                                       if ( sectionsEmitted == 1 ) {
+                                               cmd->set_vmaddr(sectInfo->getBaseAddress());
+                                               cmd->set_fileoff(sectInfo->fFileOffset);
+                                       }
+                                       cmd->set_filesize((sectInfo->fFileOffset+sectInfo->fSize)-cmd->fileoff());
+                                       cmd->set_vmsize(sectInfo->getBaseAddress() + sectInfo->fSize);
+                               }
+                               sect->set_sectname(sectInfo->fSectionName);
+                               sect->set_segname(sectInfo->fSegmentName);
+                               sect->set_addr(sectInfo->getBaseAddress());
+                               sect->set_size(sectInfo->fSize);
+                               sect->set_offset(sectInfo->fFileOffset);
+                               sect->set_align(sectInfo->fAlignment);
+                               if ( sectInfo->fRelocCount != 0 ) {
+                                       sect->set_reloff(sectInfo->fRelocOffset * sizeof(macho_relocation_info<P>) + fWriter.fSectionRelocationsAtom->getFileOffset());
+                                       sect->set_nreloc(sectInfo->fRelocCount);
+                               }
+                               if ( sectInfo->fAllZeroFill ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_ZEROFILL);
+                                       sect->set_offset(0);
+                               }
+                               else if ( sectInfo->fAllLazyPointers ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS);
+                                       sect->set_reserved1(sectInfo->fIndirectSymbolOffset);
+                               }
+                               else if ( sectInfo->fAllLazyDylibPointers ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_LAZY_DYLIB_SYMBOL_POINTERS);
+                                       sect->set_reserved1(sectInfo->fIndirectSymbolOffset);
+                               }
+                               else if ( sectInfo->fAllNonLazyPointers ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_NON_LAZY_SYMBOL_POINTERS);
+                                       sect->set_reserved1(sectInfo->fIndirectSymbolOffset);
+                               }
+                               else if ( sectInfo->fAllStubs ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_SYMBOL_STUBS | S_ATTR_SOME_INSTRUCTIONS | S_ATTR_PURE_INSTRUCTIONS);
+                                       sect->set_reserved1(sectInfo->fIndirectSymbolOffset);
+                                       sect->set_reserved2(sectInfo->fSize / sectInfo->fAtoms.size());
+                               }
+                               else if ( sectInfo->fAllSelfModifyingStubs ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_SYMBOL_STUBS | S_ATTR_SELF_MODIFYING_CODE);
+                                       sect->set_reserved1(sectInfo->fIndirectSymbolOffset);
+                                       sect->set_reserved2(sectInfo->fSize / sectInfo->fAtoms.size());
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__mod_init_func") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__DATA") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_MOD_INIT_FUNC_POINTERS);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__mod_term_func") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__DATA") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_MOD_TERM_FUNC_POINTERS);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__eh_frame") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_COALESCED | S_ATTR_NO_TOC | S_ATTR_STRIP_STATIC_SYMS);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__textcoal_nt") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_COALESCED);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__const_coal") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__DATA") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_COALESCED);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__interpose") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__DATA") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_INTERPOSING);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__cstring") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_CSTRING_LITERALS);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__literal4") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_4BYTE_LITERALS);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__literal8") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_8BYTE_LITERALS);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__literal16") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_16BYTE_LITERALS);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__message_refs") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__OBJC") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_LITERAL_POINTERS);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strcmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__cls_refs") == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__OBJC") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_LITERAL_POINTERS);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strncmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__dof_", 6) == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_DTRACE_DOF);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strncmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__dof_", 6) == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__DATA") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_DTRACE_DOF);
+                               }
+                               else if ( (strncmp(sectInfo->fSectionName, "__text", 6) == 0) && (strcmp(sectInfo->fSegmentName, "__TEXT") == 0) ) {
+                                       sect->set_flags(S_REGULAR | S_ATTR_SOME_INSTRUCTIONS | S_ATTR_PURE_INSTRUCTIONS);
+                                       if ( sectInfo->fHasTextLocalRelocs )
+                                               sect->set_flags(sect->flags() | S_ATTR_LOC_RELOC);
+                                       if ( sectInfo->fHasTextExternalRelocs )
+                                               sect->set_flags(sect->flags() | S_ATTR_EXT_RELOC);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               p = &p[sizeof(macho_segment_command<P>) + sectionsEmitted*sizeof(macho_section<P>)];
+               cmd->set_cmdsize(sizeof(macho_segment_command<P>) + sectionsEmitted*sizeof(macho_section<P>));
+               cmd->set_nsects(sectionsEmitted);
+       }
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom<A>::SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom(Writer<A>& writer)
+ : LoadCommandAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment)
+{
+       bzero(&fSymbolTable, sizeof(macho_symtab_command<P>));
+       bzero(&fDynamicSymbolTable, sizeof(macho_dysymtab_command<P>));
+       switch ( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() ) {
+               case Options::kDynamicExecutable:
+               case Options::kDynamicLibrary:
+               case Options::kDynamicBundle:
+               case Options::kDyld:
+                       fNeedsDynamicSymbolTable = true;
+                       break;
+               case Options::kObjectFile:
+               case Options::kStaticExecutable:
+                       fNeedsDynamicSymbolTable = false;
+                       break;
+       }
+       writer.fSymbolTableCommands = this;
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom<A>::needDynamicTable() 
+{
+       fNeedsDynamicSymbolTable = true;
+}
+       
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       if ( fNeedsDynamicSymbolTable )
+               return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_symtab_command<P>) + sizeof(macho_dysymtab_command<P>));
+       else
+               return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_symtab_command<P>));
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       // build LC_DYSYMTAB command
+       macho_symtab_command<P>*   symbolTableCmd = (macho_symtab_command<P>*)buffer;
+       bzero(symbolTableCmd, sizeof(macho_symtab_command<P>));
+       symbolTableCmd->set_cmd(LC_SYMTAB);
+       symbolTableCmd->set_cmdsize(sizeof(macho_symtab_command<P>));
+       symbolTableCmd->set_nsyms(fWriter.fSymbolTableCount);
+       symbolTableCmd->set_symoff(fWriter.fSymbolTableAtom->getFileOffset());
+       symbolTableCmd->set_stroff(fWriter.fStringsAtom->getFileOffset());
+       symbolTableCmd->set_strsize(fWriter.fStringsAtom->getSize());
+
+       // build LC_DYSYMTAB command
+       if ( fNeedsDynamicSymbolTable ) {
+               macho_dysymtab_command<P>* dynamicSymbolTableCmd = (macho_dysymtab_command<P>*)&buffer[sizeof(macho_symtab_command<P>)];
+               bzero(dynamicSymbolTableCmd, sizeof(macho_dysymtab_command<P>));
+               dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_cmd(LC_DYSYMTAB);
+               dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_cmdsize(sizeof(macho_dysymtab_command<P>));
+               dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_ilocalsym(fWriter.fSymbolTableStabsStartIndex);
+               dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_nlocalsym(fWriter.fSymbolTableStabsCount + fWriter.fSymbolTableLocalCount);
+               dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_iextdefsym(fWriter.fSymbolTableExportStartIndex);
+               dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_nextdefsym(fWriter.fSymbolTableExportCount);
+               dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_iundefsym(fWriter.fSymbolTableImportStartIndex);
+               dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_nundefsym(fWriter.fSymbolTableImportCount);
+               if ( fWriter.fModuleInfoAtom != NULL ) {
+                       dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_tocoff(fWriter.fModuleInfoAtom->getTableOfContentsFileOffset());
+                       dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_ntoc(fWriter.fSymbolTableExportCount);
+                       dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_modtaboff(fWriter.fModuleInfoAtom->getModuleTableFileOffset());
+                       dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_nmodtab(1);
+                       dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_extrefsymoff(fWriter.fModuleInfoAtom->getReferencesFileOffset());
+                       dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_nextrefsyms(fWriter.fModuleInfoAtom->getReferencesCount());
+               }
+               dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_indirectsymoff(fWriter.fIndirectTableAtom->getFileOffset());
+               dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_nindirectsyms(fWriter.fIndirectTableAtom->fTable.size());
+               if ( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() != Options::kObjectFile ) {
+                       dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_extreloff((fWriter.fExternalRelocs.size()==0) ? 0 : fWriter.fExternalRelocationsAtom->getFileOffset());
+                       dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_nextrel(fWriter.fExternalRelocs.size());
+                       dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_locreloff((fWriter.fInternalRelocs.size()==0) ? 0 : fWriter.fLocalRelocationsAtom->getFileOffset());
+                       dynamicSymbolTableCmd->set_nlocrel(fWriter.fInternalRelocs.size());
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+unsigned int SymbolTableLoadCommandsAtom<A>::commandCount()
+{
+       return fNeedsDynamicSymbolTable ? 2 : 1;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t DyldLoadCommandsAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_dylinker_command<P>) + strlen("/usr/lib/dyld") + 1);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void DyldLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_dylinker_command<P>* cmd = (macho_dylinker_command<P>*)buffer;
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.outputKind() == Options::kDyld )
+               cmd->set_cmd(LC_ID_DYLINKER);
+       else
+               cmd->set_cmd(LC_LOAD_DYLINKER);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(this->getSize());
+       cmd->set_name_offset();
+       strcpy((char*)&buffer[sizeof(macho_dylinker_command<P>)], "/usr/lib/dyld");
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t AllowableClientLoadCommandsAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_sub_client_command<P>) + strlen(this->clientString) + 1);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void AllowableClientLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_sub_client_command<P>* cmd = (macho_sub_client_command<P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_SUB_CLIENT);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(size);
+       cmd->set_client_offset();
+       strcpy((char*)&buffer[sizeof(macho_sub_client_command<P>)], this->clientString);
+
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t DylibLoadCommandsAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       if ( fOptimizedAway ) {
+               return 0;
+       }
+       else {
+               const char* path = fInfo.reader->getInstallPath();
+               return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_dylib_command<P>) + strlen(path) + 1);
+       }
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void DylibLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       if ( fOptimizedAway ) 
+               return;
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       const char* path = fInfo.reader->getInstallPath();
+       macho_dylib_command<P>* cmd = (macho_dylib_command<P>*)buffer;
+       // <rdar://problem/5529626> If only weak_import symbols are used, linker should use LD_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB
+       bool autoWeakLoadDylib = ( (fWriter.fDylibReadersWithWeakImports.count(fInfo.reader) > 0) 
+                                                       && (fWriter.fDylibReadersWithNonWeakImports.count(fInfo.reader) == 0) );
+       if ( fInfo.options.fLazyLoad )
+               cmd->set_cmd(LC_LAZY_LOAD_DYLIB);
+       else if ( fInfo.options.fWeakImport || autoWeakLoadDylib )
+               cmd->set_cmd(LC_LOAD_WEAK_DYLIB);
+       else if ( fInfo.options.fReExport && (fWriter.fOptions.macosxVersionMin() >= ObjectFile::ReaderOptions::k10_5) )
+               cmd->set_cmd(LC_REEXPORT_DYLIB);
+       else
+               cmd->set_cmd(LC_LOAD_DYLIB);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(this->getSize());
+       cmd->set_timestamp(2);  // needs to be some constant value that is different than DylibIDLoadCommandsAtom uses
+       cmd->set_current_version(fInfo.reader->getCurrentVersion());
+       cmd->set_compatibility_version(fInfo.reader->getCompatibilityVersion());
+       cmd->set_name_offset();
+       strcpy((char*)&buffer[sizeof(macho_dylib_command<P>)], path);
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t DylibIDLoadCommandsAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_dylib_command<P>) + strlen(fWriter.fOptions.installPath()) + 1);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void DylibIDLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_dylib_command<P>* cmd = (macho_dylib_command<P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_ID_DYLIB);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(this->getSize());
+       cmd->set_name_offset();
+       cmd->set_timestamp(1);  // needs to be some constant value that is different than DylibLoadCommandsAtom uses
+       cmd->set_current_version(fWriter.fOptions.currentVersion());
+       cmd->set_compatibility_version(fWriter.fOptions.compatibilityVersion());
+       strcpy((char*)&buffer[sizeof(macho_dylib_command<P>)], fWriter.fOptions.installPath());
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void RoutinesLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t initAddr = fWriter.getAtomLoadAddress(fWriter.fEntryPoint);
+  if (fWriter.fEntryPoint->isThumb())
+    initAddr |= 1ULL;
+       bzero(buffer, sizeof(macho_routines_command<P>));
+       macho_routines_command<P>* cmd = (macho_routines_command<P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(macho_routines_command<P>::CMD);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(this->getSize());
+       cmd->set_init_address(initAddr);
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t SubUmbrellaLoadCommandsAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_sub_umbrella_command<P>) + strlen(fName) + 1);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void SubUmbrellaLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_sub_umbrella_command<P>* cmd = (macho_sub_umbrella_command<P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_SUB_UMBRELLA);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(this->getSize());
+       cmd->set_sub_umbrella_offset();
+       strcpy((char*)&buffer[sizeof(macho_sub_umbrella_command<P>)], fName);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void UUIDLoadCommandAtom<A>::generate() 
+{
+       switch ( fWriter.fOptions.getUUIDMode() ) {
+               case Options::kUUIDNone: 
+                       fEmit = false;
+                       break;
+               case Options::kUUIDRandom:
+                       ::uuid_generate_random(fUUID);
+                       fEmit = true;
+                       break;
+               case Options::kUUIDContent: 
+                       bzero(fUUID, 16);
+                       fEmit = true;
+                       break;
+       }
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void UUIDLoadCommandAtom<A>::setContent(const uint8_t uuid[16]) 
+{
+       memcpy(fUUID, uuid, 16);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void UUIDLoadCommandAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       if (fEmit) {
+               uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+               bzero(buffer, size);
+               macho_uuid_command<P>* cmd = (macho_uuid_command<P>*)buffer;
+               cmd->set_cmd(LC_UUID);
+               cmd->set_cmdsize(this->getSize());
+               cmd->set_uuid((uint8_t*)fUUID);
+       }
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t SubLibraryLoadCommandsAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_sub_library_command<P>) + fNameLength + 1);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void SubLibraryLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_sub_library_command<P>* cmd = (macho_sub_library_command<P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_SUB_LIBRARY);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(this->getSize());
+       cmd->set_sub_library_offset();
+       strncpy((char*)&buffer[sizeof(macho_sub_library_command<P>)], fNameStart, fNameLength);
+       buffer[sizeof(macho_sub_library_command<P>)+fNameLength] = '\0';
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t UmbrellaLoadCommandsAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_sub_framework_command<P>) + strlen(fName) + 1);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void UmbrellaLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_sub_framework_command<P>* cmd = (macho_sub_framework_command<P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_SUB_FRAMEWORK);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(this->getSize());
+       cmd->set_umbrella_offset();
+       strcpy((char*)&buffer[sizeof(macho_sub_framework_command<P>)], fName);
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<ppc>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(16 + 40*4);    // base size + PPC_THREAD_STATE_COUNT * 4
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<ppc64>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(16 + 76*4);    // base size + PPC_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT * 4
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<x86>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(16 + 16*4);    // base size + i386_THREAD_STATE_COUNT * 4
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<x86_64>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(16 + x86_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT * 4); 
+}
+
+// We should be picking it up from a header
+template <>
+uint64_t ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<arm>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(16 + 17 * 4); // base size + ARM_THREAD_STATE_COUNT * 4
+}
+
+template <>
+void ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<ppc>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       uint64_t start = fWriter.getAtomLoadAddress(fWriter.fEntryPoint);
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_thread_command<ppc::P>* cmd = (macho_thread_command<ppc::P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_UNIXTHREAD);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(size);
+       cmd->set_flavor(1);                             // PPC_THREAD_STATE
+       cmd->set_count(40);                             // PPC_THREAD_STATE_COUNT;
+       cmd->set_thread_register(0, start);
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.hasCustomStack() )
+               cmd->set_thread_register(3, fWriter.fOptions.customStackAddr());        // r1
+}
+
+
+template <>
+void ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<ppc64>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       uint64_t start = fWriter.getAtomLoadAddress(fWriter.fEntryPoint);
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_thread_command<ppc64::P>* cmd = (macho_thread_command<ppc64::P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_UNIXTHREAD);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(size);
+       cmd->set_flavor(5);                             // PPC_THREAD_STATE64
+       cmd->set_count(76);                             // PPC_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT;
+       cmd->set_thread_register(0, start);
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.hasCustomStack() )
+               cmd->set_thread_register(3, fWriter.fOptions.customStackAddr());        // r1
+}
+
+template <>
+void ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<x86>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       uint64_t start = fWriter.getAtomLoadAddress(fWriter.fEntryPoint);
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_thread_command<x86::P>* cmd = (macho_thread_command<x86::P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_UNIXTHREAD);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(size);
+       cmd->set_flavor(1);                             // i386_THREAD_STATE
+       cmd->set_count(16);                             // i386_THREAD_STATE_COUNT;
+       cmd->set_thread_register(10, start);
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.hasCustomStack() )
+               cmd->set_thread_register(7, fWriter.fOptions.customStackAddr());        // esp
+}
+
+template <>
+void ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<x86_64>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       uint64_t start = fWriter.getAtomLoadAddress(fWriter.fEntryPoint);
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_thread_command<x86_64::P>* cmd = (macho_thread_command<x86_64::P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_UNIXTHREAD);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(size);
+       cmd->set_flavor(x86_THREAD_STATE64);                    
+       cmd->set_count(x86_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT);       
+       cmd->set_thread_register(16, start);            // rip 
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.hasCustomStack() )
+               cmd->set_thread_register(7, fWriter.fOptions.customStackAddr());        // uesp
+}
+
+template <>
+void ThreadsLoadCommandsAtom<arm>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       uint64_t start = fWriter.getAtomLoadAddress(fWriter.fEntryPoint);
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_thread_command<arm::P>* cmd = (macho_thread_command<arm::P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_UNIXTHREAD);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(size);
+       cmd->set_flavor(1);                     
+       cmd->set_count(17);     
+       cmd->set_thread_register(15, start);            // pc
+       if ( fWriter.fOptions.hasCustomStack() )
+               cmd->set_thread_register(13, fWriter.fOptions.customStackAddr());       // FIXME: sp?
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t RPathLoadCommandsAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_rpath_command<P>) + strlen(fPath) + 1);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void RPathLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_rpath_command<P>* cmd = (macho_rpath_command<P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_RPATH);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(this->getSize());
+       cmd->set_path_offset();
+       strcpy((char*)&buffer[sizeof(macho_rpath_command<P>)], fPath);
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void EncryptionLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_encryption_info_command<P>* cmd = (macho_encryption_info_command<P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_ENCRYPTION_INFO);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(this->getSize());
+       cmd->set_cryptoff(fStartOffset);
+       cmd->set_cryptsize(fEndOffset-fStartOffset);
+       cmd->set_cryptid(0);
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void LoadCommandsPaddingAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       bzero(buffer, fSize);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void LoadCommandsPaddingAtom<A>::setSize(uint64_t newSize) 
+{ 
+       fSize = newSize; 
+       // this resizing by-passes the way fLargestAtomSize is set, so re-check here
+       if ( fWriter.fLargestAtomSize < newSize )
+               fWriter.fLargestAtomSize = newSize;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t LinkEditAtom<A>::getFileOffset() const
+{
+       return ((SectionInfo*)this->getSection())->fFileOffset + this->getSectionOffset();
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t SectionRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return fWriter.fSectionRelocs.size() * sizeof(macho_relocation_info<P>);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void SectionRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       memcpy(buffer, &fWriter.fSectionRelocs[0], this->getSize());
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t LocalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return fWriter.fInternalRelocs.size() * sizeof(macho_relocation_info<P>);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void LocalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       memcpy(buffer, &fWriter.fInternalRelocs[0], this->getSize());
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t SymbolTableLinkEditAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return fWriter.fSymbolTableCount * sizeof(macho_nlist<P>);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void SymbolTableLinkEditAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       memcpy(buffer, fWriter.fSymbolTable, this->getSize());
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t ExternalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return fWriter.fExternalRelocs.size() * sizeof(macho_relocation_info<P>);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void ExternalRelocationsLinkEditAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       std::sort(fWriter.fExternalRelocs.begin(), fWriter.fExternalRelocs.end(), ExternalRelocSorter<P>());
+       memcpy(buffer, &fWriter.fExternalRelocs[0], this->getSize());
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t IndirectTableLinkEditAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return fTable.size() * sizeof(uint32_t);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void IndirectTableLinkEditAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       const uint32_t indirectTableSize = fTable.size();
+       uint32_t* indirectTable = (uint32_t*)buffer;
+       for(std::vector<IndirectEntry>::const_iterator it = fTable.begin(); it != fTable.end(); ++it) {
+               if ( it->indirectIndex < indirectTableSize ) {
+                       A::P::E::set32(indirectTable[it->indirectIndex], it->symbolIndex);
+               }
+               else {
+                       throwf("malformed indirect table. size=%d, index=%d", indirectTableSize, it->indirectIndex);
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return fWriter.fSymbolTableExportCount*sizeof(macho_dylib_table_of_contents<P>) 
+                       + sizeof(macho_dylib_module<P>) 
+                       + this->getReferencesCount()*sizeof(uint32_t);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint32_t ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom<A>::getTableOfContentsFileOffset() const
+{
+       return this->getFileOffset();
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint32_t ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom<A>::getModuleTableFileOffset() const
+{
+       return this->getFileOffset() + fWriter.fSymbolTableExportCount*sizeof(macho_dylib_table_of_contents<P>);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint32_t ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom<A>::getReferencesFileOffset() const
+{
+       return this->getModuleTableFileOffset() + sizeof(macho_dylib_module<P>);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint32_t ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom<A>::getReferencesCount() const
+{
+       return fWriter.fSymbolTableExportCount + fWriter.fSymbolTableImportCount;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void ModuleInfoLinkEditAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       // create toc.  The symbols are already sorted, they are all in the smae module
+       macho_dylib_table_of_contents<P>* p = (macho_dylib_table_of_contents<P>*)buffer;
+       for(uint32_t i=0; i < fWriter.fSymbolTableExportCount; ++i, ++p) {
+               p->set_symbol_index(fWriter.fSymbolTableExportStartIndex+i);
+               p->set_module_index(0);
+       }
+       // create module table (one entry)
+       uint16_t numInits = 0;
+       uint16_t numTerms = 0;
+       std::vector<SegmentInfo*>& segmentInfos = fWriter.fSegmentInfos;
+       for (std::vector<SegmentInfo*>::iterator segit = segmentInfos.begin(); segit != segmentInfos.end(); ++segit) {
+               if ( strcmp((*segit)->fName, "__DATA") == 0 ) {
+                       std::vector<SectionInfo*>& sectionInfos = (*segit)->fSections;
+                       for (std::vector<SectionInfo*>::iterator sectit = sectionInfos.begin(); sectit != sectionInfos.end(); ++sectit) {
+                               if ( strcmp((*sectit)->fSectionName, "__mod_init_func") == 0 ) 
+                                       numInits = (*sectit)->fSize / sizeof(typename A::P::uint_t);
+                               else if ( strcmp((*sectit)->fSectionName, "__mod_term_func") == 0 ) 
+                                       numTerms = (*sectit)->fSize / sizeof(typename A::P::uint_t);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       macho_dylib_module<P>* module = (macho_dylib_module<P>*)&buffer[fWriter.fSymbolTableExportCount*sizeof(macho_dylib_table_of_contents<P>)];
+       module->set_module_name(fModuleNameOffset);
+       module->set_iextdefsym(fWriter.fSymbolTableExportStartIndex);
+       module->set_nextdefsym(fWriter.fSymbolTableExportCount);
+       module->set_irefsym(0);
+       module->set_nrefsym(this->getReferencesCount());
+       module->set_ilocalsym(fWriter.fSymbolTableStabsStartIndex);
+       module->set_nlocalsym(fWriter.fSymbolTableStabsCount+fWriter.fSymbolTableLocalCount);
+       module->set_iextrel(0);
+       module->set_nextrel(fWriter.fExternalRelocs.size());
+       module->set_iinit_iterm(0,0);
+       module->set_ninit_nterm(numInits,numTerms);
+       module->set_objc_module_info_addr(0);   // Not used by ld_classic, and not used by objc runtime for many years
+       module->set_objc_module_info_size(0);   // Not used by ld_classic, and not used by objc runtime for many years
+       // create reference table
+       macho_dylib_reference<P>* ref = (macho_dylib_reference<P>*)((uint8_t*)module + sizeof(macho_dylib_module<P>));
+       for(uint32_t i=0; i < fWriter.fSymbolTableExportCount; ++i, ++ref) {
+               ref->set_isym(fWriter.fSymbolTableExportStartIndex+i);
+               ref->set_flags(REFERENCE_FLAG_DEFINED);
+       }
+       for(uint32_t i=0; i < fWriter.fSymbolTableImportCount; ++i, ++ref) {
+               ref->set_isym(fWriter.fSymbolTableImportStartIndex+i);
+               std::map<const ObjectFile::Atom*,ObjectFile::Atom*>::iterator pos = fWriter.fStubsMap.find(fWriter.fImportedAtoms[i]);
+               if ( pos != fWriter.fStubsMap.end() )
+                       ref->set_flags(REFERENCE_FLAG_UNDEFINED_LAZY);
+               else
+                       ref->set_flags(REFERENCE_FLAG_UNDEFINED_NON_LAZY);
+       }
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+StringsLinkEditAtom<A>::StringsLinkEditAtom(Writer<A>& writer)
+       : LinkEditAtom<A>(writer), fCurrentBuffer(NULL), fCurrentBufferUsed(0)
+{
+       fCurrentBuffer = new char[kBufferSize];
+       // burn first byte of string pool (so zero is never a valid string offset)
+       fCurrentBuffer[fCurrentBufferUsed++] = ' ';
+       // make offset 1 always point to an empty string
+       fCurrentBuffer[fCurrentBufferUsed++] = '\0';
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t StringsLinkEditAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       // align size
+       return (kBufferSize * fFullBuffers.size() + fCurrentBufferUsed + sizeof(typename A::P::uint_t) - 1) & (-sizeof(typename A::P::uint_t));
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void StringsLinkEditAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t offset = 0;
+       for (unsigned int i=0; i < fFullBuffers.size(); ++i) {
+               memcpy(&buffer[offset], fFullBuffers[i], kBufferSize);
+               offset += kBufferSize;
+       }
+       memcpy(&buffer[offset], fCurrentBuffer, fCurrentBufferUsed);
+       // zero fill end to align
+       offset += fCurrentBufferUsed;
+       while ( (offset % sizeof(typename A::P::uint_t)) != 0 )
+               buffer[offset++] = 0;
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+int32_t StringsLinkEditAtom<A>::add(const char* name)
+{
+       int32_t offset = kBufferSize * fFullBuffers.size() + fCurrentBufferUsed;
+       int lenNeeded = strlcpy(&fCurrentBuffer[fCurrentBufferUsed], name, kBufferSize-fCurrentBufferUsed)+1;
+       if ( (fCurrentBufferUsed+lenNeeded) < kBufferSize ) {
+               fCurrentBufferUsed += lenNeeded;
+       }
+       else {
+               int copied = kBufferSize-fCurrentBufferUsed-1;
+               // change trailing '\0' that strlcpy added to real char
+               fCurrentBuffer[kBufferSize-1] = name[copied];
+               // alloc next buffer
+               fFullBuffers.push_back(fCurrentBuffer);
+               fCurrentBuffer = new char[kBufferSize];
+               fCurrentBufferUsed = 0;
+               // append rest of string
+               this->add(&name[copied+1]);
+       }
+       return offset;
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+int32_t StringsLinkEditAtom<A>::addUnique(const char* name)
+{
+       StringToOffset::iterator pos = fUniqueStrings.find(name);
+       if ( pos != fUniqueStrings.end() ) {
+               return pos->second;
+       }
+       else {
+               int32_t offset = this->add(name);
+               fUniqueStrings[name] = offset;
+               return offset;
+       }
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+const char* StringsLinkEditAtom<A>::stringForIndex(int32_t index) const
+{
+       int32_t currentBufferStartIndex = kBufferSize * fFullBuffers.size();
+       int32_t maxIndex = currentBufferStartIndex + fCurrentBufferUsed;
+       // check for out of bounds
+       if ( index > maxIndex )
+               return "";
+       // check for index in fCurrentBuffer
+       if ( index > currentBufferStartIndex )
+               return &fCurrentBuffer[index-currentBufferStartIndex];
+       // otherwise index is in a full buffer
+       uint32_t fullBufferIndex = index/kBufferSize;
+       return &fFullBuffers[fullBufferIndex][index-(kBufferSize*fullBufferIndex)];
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+BranchIslandAtom<A>::BranchIslandAtom(Writer<A>& writer, const char* name, int islandRegion, ObjectFile::Atom& target, uint32_t targetOffset)
+ : WriterAtom<A>(writer, Segment::fgTextSegment), fTarget(target), fTargetOffset(targetOffset)
+{
+       char* buf = new char[strlen(name)+32];
+       if ( targetOffset == 0 ) {
+               if ( islandRegion == 0 )
+                       sprintf(buf, "%s$island", name);
+               else
+                       sprintf(buf, "%s$island_%d", name, islandRegion);
+       }
+       else {
+               sprintf(buf, "%s_plus_%d$island_%d", name, targetOffset, islandRegion);
+       }
+       fName = buf;
+}
+
+
+template <>
+void BranchIslandAtom<ppc>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       int64_t displacement = fTarget.getAddress() + fTargetOffset - this->getAddress();
+       int32_t branchInstruction = 0x48000000 | ((uint32_t)displacement & 0x03FFFFFC);
+       OSWriteBigInt32(buffer, 0, branchInstruction);
+}
+
+template <>
+void BranchIslandAtom<ppc64>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       int64_t displacement = fTarget.getAddress() + fTargetOffset - this->getAddress();
+       int32_t branchInstruction = 0x48000000 | ((uint32_t)displacement & 0x03FFFFFC);
+       OSWriteBigInt32(buffer, 0, branchInstruction);
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t BranchIslandAtom<ppc>::getSize() const
+{
+       return 4;
+}
+
+template <>
+uint64_t BranchIslandAtom<ppc64>::getSize() const
+{
+       return 4;
+}
+
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t SegmentSplitInfoLoadCommandsAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       if ( fWriter.fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->canEncode() )
+               return this->alignedSize(sizeof(macho_linkedit_data_command<P>));
+       else
+               return 0;       // a zero size causes the load command to be suppressed
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void SegmentSplitInfoLoadCommandsAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       uint64_t size = this->getSize();
+       bzero(buffer, size);
+       macho_linkedit_data_command<P>* cmd = (macho_linkedit_data_command<P>*)buffer;
+       cmd->set_cmd(LC_SEGMENT_SPLIT_INFO);
+       cmd->set_cmdsize(size);
+       cmd->set_dataoff(fWriter.fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->getFileOffset());
+       cmd->set_datasize(fWriter.fSplitCodeToDataContentAtom->getSize());
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+uint64_t SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom<A>::getSize() const
+{
+       return fEncodedData.size();
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       memcpy(buffer, &fEncodedData[0], fEncodedData.size());
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+void SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom<A>::uleb128EncodeAddresses(const std::vector<SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom<A>::AtomAndOffset>& locations)
+{
+       pint_t addr = fWriter.fOptions.baseAddress();
+       for(typename std::vector<AtomAndOffset>::const_iterator it = locations.begin(); it != locations.end(); ++it) {
+               pint_t nextAddr = it->atom->getAddress() + it->offset;
+               //fprintf(stderr, "\t0x%0llX\n", (uint64_t)nextAddr);
+               uint64_t delta = nextAddr - addr;
+               if ( delta == 0 ) 
+                       throw "double split seg info for same address";
+               // uleb128 encode
+               uint8_t byte;
+               do {
+                       byte = delta & 0x7F;
+                       delta &= ~0x7F;
+                       if ( delta != 0 )
+                               byte |= 0x80;
+                       fEncodedData.push_back(byte);
+                       delta = delta >> 7;
+               } 
+               while( byte >= 0x80 );
+               addr = nextAddr;
+       }
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void SegmentSplitInfoContentAtom<A>::encode()
+{
+       if ( ! fCantEncode ) {
+               fEncodedData.reserve(8192);
+               
+               if ( fKind1Locations.size() != 0 ) {
+                       fEncodedData.push_back(1);
+                       //fprintf(stderr, "type 1:\n");
+                       this->uleb128EncodeAddresses(fKind1Locations);
+                       fEncodedData.push_back(0);
+               }
+               
+               if ( fKind2Locations.size() != 0 ) {
+                       fEncodedData.push_back(2);
+                       //fprintf(stderr, "type 2:\n");
+                       this->uleb128EncodeAddresses(fKind2Locations);
+                       fEncodedData.push_back(0);
+               }
+               
+               if ( fKind3Locations.size() != 0 ) {
+                       fEncodedData.push_back(3);
+                       //fprintf(stderr, "type 3:\n");
+                       this->uleb128EncodeAddresses(fKind3Locations);
+                       fEncodedData.push_back(0);
+               }
+               
+               if ( fKind4Locations.size() != 0 ) {
+                       fEncodedData.push_back(4);
+                       //fprintf(stderr, "type 4:\n");
+                       this->uleb128EncodeAddresses(fKind4Locations);
+                       fEncodedData.push_back(0);
+               }
+               
+               // always add zero byte to mark end
+               fEncodedData.push_back(0);
+
+               // add zeros to end to align size
+               while ( (fEncodedData.size() % sizeof(pint_t)) != 0 )
+                       fEncodedData.push_back(0);
+       }
+}
+
+
+template <typename A>
+ObjCInfoAtom<A>::ObjCInfoAtom(Writer<A>& writer, ObjectFile::Reader::ObjcConstraint objcConstraint, bool objcReplacementClasses)
+       : WriterAtom<A>(writer, getInfoSegment())
+{
+       fContent[0] = 0;
+       uint32_t value = 0;
+       //      struct objc_image_info  {
+       //              uint32_t        version;        // initially 0
+       //              uint32_t        flags;
+       //      };
+       // #define OBJC_IMAGE_SUPPORTS_GC   2
+       // #define OBJC_IMAGE_GC_ONLY       4
+       //
+       if ( objcReplacementClasses ) 
+               value = 1;
+       switch ( objcConstraint ) {
+               case ObjectFile::Reader::kObjcNone:
+               case ObjectFile::Reader::kObjcRetainRelease:
+                       break;
+               case ObjectFile::Reader::kObjcRetainReleaseOrGC:
+                       value |= 2;
+                       break;
+               case ObjectFile::Reader::kObjcGC:
+                       value |= 6;
+                       break;
+       }
+       A::P::E::set32(fContent[1], value);
+}
+
+template <typename A>
+void ObjCInfoAtom<A>::copyRawContent(uint8_t buffer[]) const
+{
+       memcpy(buffer, &fContent[0], 8);
+}
+
+
+// objc info section is in a different segment and section for 32 vs 64 bit runtimes
+template <> const char* ObjCInfoAtom<ppc>::getSectionName()    const { return "__image_info"; }
+template <> const char* ObjCInfoAtom<x86>::getSectionName()    const { return "__image_info"; }
+template <> const char* ObjCInfoAtom<arm>::getSectionName()    const { return "__objc_imageinfo"; }
+template <> const char* ObjCInfoAtom<ppc64>::getSectionName()  const { return "__objc_imageinfo"; }
+template <> const char* ObjCInfoAtom<x86_64>::getSectionName() const { return "__objc_imageinfo"; }
+
+template <> Segment& ObjCInfoAtom<ppc>::getInfoSegment()    const { return Segment::fgObjCSegment; }
+template <> Segment& ObjCInfoAtom<x86>::getInfoSegment()    const { return Segment::fgObjCSegment; }
+template <> Segment& ObjCInfoAtom<ppc64>::getInfoSegment()  const { return Segment::fgDataSegment; }
+template <> Segment& ObjCInfoAtom<x86_64>::getInfoSegment() const { return Segment::fgDataSegment; }
+template <> Segment& ObjCInfoAtom<arm>::getInfoSegment()    const { return Segment::fgDataSegment; }
+
+
+}; // namespace executable
+}; // namespace mach_o
+
+
+#endif // __EXECUTABLE_MACH_O__