-# ***************************************************************************
-# *
-# * Copyright (C) 2004-2012, International Business Machines
-# * Corporation; Unicode, Inc.; and others. All Rights Reserved.
-# *
-# ***************************************************************************
+# © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
+# License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html#License
+#
# File: es_FONIPA_zh.txt
-# Generated from CLDR
+# Generated from CLDR
#
+
+# Tranforms Spanish to Mandarin Chinese. The input Spanish string must be in
+# phonemic IPA transcription (es_FONIPA); the output is in Simplified Chinese.
$word_boundary = [-\ $];
-$vowel = [aeijouw]; # Vowels and glides
+$vowel = [aeijouw]; # Vowels and glides
$not_vowel = [^$vowel];
+# First pass: Collapse phonetic distinctions not preserved in Mandarin.
ð → | d;
ɣ → | g;
ŋ → | n;
[^dgktx] { ei\u032F → e ;
[^-\ .$] { eu\u032F → eu ;
[^-\ .$] { ou\u032F → o;
-[^j] { ui → wi ;
-[^$word_boundary] { m } [bp] → n; # GB/T 17693.5-2009, 5.3.2
-s[θs] → s; # GB/T 17693.5-2009, 5.3.4
-[^ʧ] { jo → io; # GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1, 注 7
+[^j] { ui → wi ;
+[^$word_boundary] { m } [bp] → n; # GB/T 17693.5-2009, 5.3.2
+s[θs] → s; # GB/T 17693.5-2009, 5.3.4
+[^ʧ] { jo → io; # GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1, 注 7
::Null;
-j } an $not_vowel → i ; # GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1, 注 8
+j } an $not_vowel → i ; # GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1, 注 8
+# GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1, 注 8 also says that <uai> should be treated as if
+# it was <u> plus <ai>. This is not borne out by the observed data, which
+# suggests that <ua> plus <i> is the more appropriate choice in some
+# situations.
[g.$] { wai\u032F → wai ;
wai\u032F → uai\u032F ;
[g.$] { wau\u032F → wau ;
wau\u032F → uau\u032F ;
jau\u032F → iau\u032F ;
-[^jw] { ao } [^n] → au\u032F ;
+# Even though "ao" is not a diphthong in Spanish, Mandarin treats it as one.
+[^jw] { ao } [^n] → au\u032F ;
[^jw] { ao } n $vowel → au\u032F ;
+# Main pass: Phoneme to Hanzi conversion.
+# This generally follows GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1, unless otherwise noted.
::Null;
'.' → ;
ai\u032F → 艾 ;
bu → 布 ;
bwan } $not_vowel → 布安 ;
bwa → 布阿 ;
-bwen } $not_vowel → 布恩 ; # Should be be 本, per GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1.
+bwen } $not_vowel → 布恩 ; # Should be be 本, per GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1.
bwe → 布埃 ;
-bwin } $not_vowel → 布因 ; # Nonstandard, but fits observed data.
+bwin } $not_vowel → 布因 ; # Nonstandard, but fits observed data.
bwi → 布伊 ;
bwo → 博 ;
b → 布 ;
fwe → 富埃 ;
fwi → 富伊 ;
fwo → 福 ;
+# The choice of 弗 vs. 夫 sounds simple according to the GB/T standard, but the
+# data suggest otherwise. Ideally, 弗 should occur at the beginning of a
+# morpheme (e.g. in "villafranca" 比利亚弗兰卡) and 夫 everywhere else. Since
+# we don't have morpheme boundaries, we'll fudge it by writing 夫 at the end of
+# a word and 弗 everywhere else.
f } $word_boundary → 夫 ;
f → 弗 ;
gai\u032F → 盖 ;
go → 戈 ;
gun } $not_vowel → 贡 ;
gu → 古 ;
-gwan } [$] → 古安 ; # Nonstandard, but fits observed data.
+gwan } [$] → 古安 ; # Nonstandard, but fits observed data.
gwan } $not_vowel → 关 ;
gwa → 瓜 ;
gwen } $not_vowel → 古恩 ;
mwa → 穆阿 ;
mwen } $not_vowel → 门 ;
mwe → 穆埃 ;
-mwin } $not_vowel → 穆因 ; # Nonstandard, but fits observed data.
+mwin } $not_vowel → 穆因 ; # Nonstandard, but fits observed data.
mwi → 穆伊 ;
mwo → 莫 ;
m → 姆 ;
tju → 蒂乌 ;
ton } $not_vowel → 通 ;
to → 托 ;
+# The rules for /ts/ (tz in the orthography) are nonstandard and derived
+# entirely from the observed data. They apply mostly to native toponyms
+# in Mexico.
tsa → 察 ;
tsen } $not_vowel → 岑 ;
tse → 采 ;
ts → 茨 ;
tun } $not_vowel → 通 ;
tu → 图 ;
-twan } $not_vowel → 图安 ;
+twan } $not_vowel → 图安 ;
twa → 图阿 ;
twen } $not_vowel → 通 ;
twe → 图埃 ;
ʧju → 丘 ;
ʧon } $not_vowel → 琼 ;
ʧo → 乔 ;
-ʧun } $not_vowel → 琼 ; # Should be 春, per GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1.
+ʧun } $not_vowel → 琼 ; # Should be 春, per GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1.
ʧu → 丘 ;
ʧwan } $not_vowel → 丘安 ;
ʧwa → 丘阿 ;
we → 韦 ;
win } $not_vowel → 温 ;
wi → 维 ;
-won } $not_vowel → 翁 ; # Unseen.
+won } $not_vowel → 翁 ; # Unseen.
wo → 沃 ;
xai\u032F → 海 ;
xan } $not_vowel → 汉 ;
xwi → 惠 ;
xwo → 霍 ;
x → 赫 ;
+# 尔 simplification pass. The idea is to drop most occurences of 尔
+# corresponding to <r> (not to <l> or <ll>) from a word if there is another /l/
+# sound nearby. There is a vague pattern like this in the data, but the details
+# remain to be determined. At the moment, this does nothing, it just puts 尔 in
+# for every <r> in a syllable coda.
::Null;
$r = [R利拉];
+#
+#
+# R } . $r → ;
+# R } .. $r → ;
+# R } ... $r → ;
+# R } .... $r → ;
R → 尔 ;
+# Dong-nan-xi-hai pass. Per GB/T 17693.5-2009 表 1, 注 4, replace confusing
+# characters at the beginning and end of a word.
::Null;
$word_boundary { 东 → 栋 ;
$word_boundary { 南 → 楠 ;
$word_boundary { 西 → 锡 ;
海 } $word_boundary → 亥 ;
::NFC;
+
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