hfs-366.1.1.tar.gz

[apple/hfs.git] / fsck_hfs / dfalib / VolumeBitmapCheck.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2002, 2004-2011 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 * 
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
 * file.
 * 
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */

/* Summary for in-memory volume bitmap:
 * A binary search tree is used to store bitmap segments that are
 * partially full.  If a segment does not exist in the tree, it
 * can be assumed to be in the following state:
 *	1. Full if the coresponding segment map bit is set
 *	2. Empty (implied)
 */

#include "Scavenger.h"

#include <sys/disk.h>

#include <bitstring.h>

#define	bit_dealloc(p)	free(p)

#define _VBC_DEBUG_	0

enum {
	kBitsPerByte		= 8,
	kBitsPerWord		= 32,
	kBitsPerSegment		= 1024,
	kBytesPerSegment	= kBitsPerSegment / kBitsPerByte,
	kWordsPerSegment	= kBitsPerSegment / kBitsPerWord,

	kBitsWithinWordMask	= kBitsPerWord-1,
	kBitsWithinSegmentMask	= kBitsPerSegment-1,
	
	kBMS_NodesPerPool	= 450,
	kBMS_PoolMax		= 2000
};


#define kAllBitsSetInWord	0xFFFFFFFFu
#define kMSBBitSetInWord	0x80000000u

enum {
	kSettingBits		= 1,
	kClearingBits		= 2,
	kTestingBits		= 3
};

#define kEmptySegment	0
#define kFullSegment	1

int gBitMapInited = 0;

/*
 * Bitmap segments that are full are marked in
 * the gFullSegmentList (a bit string).
 */
bitstr_t* gFullSegmentList;
UInt32    gBitsMarked;
UInt32    gTotalBits;
UInt32    gTotalSegments;
UInt32*   gFullBitmapSegment;   /* points to a FULL bitmap segment*/
UInt32*   gEmptyBitmapSegment;  /* points to an EMPTY bitmap segment*/

/*
 * Bitmap Segment (BMS) Tree node
 * Bitmap segments that are partially full are
 * saved in the BMS Tree.
 */
typedef struct BMS_Node {
	struct BMS_Node *left;
	struct BMS_Node *right;
	UInt32 segment;
	UInt32 bitmap[kWordsPerSegment];
} BMS_Node;

BMS_Node *gBMS_Root;           /* root of BMS tree */
BMS_Node *gBMS_FreeNodes;      /* list of free BMS nodes */
BMS_Node *gBMS_PoolList[kBMS_PoolMax];  /* list of BMS node pools */
int gBMS_PoolCount;            /* count of pools allocated */

/* Bitmap operations routines */
static int FindContigClearedBitmapBits (SVCB *vcb, UInt32 numBlocks, UInt32 *actualStartBlock);

/* Segment Tree routines (binary search tree) */
static int        BMS_InitTree(void);
static int        BMS_DisposeTree(void);
static BMS_Node * BMS_Lookup(UInt32 segment);
static BMS_Node * BMS_Insert(UInt32 segment, int segmentType);
static BMS_Node * BMS_Delete(UInt32 segment);
static void	  BMS_GrowNodePool(void);

#if _VBC_DEBUG_
static void       BMS_PrintTree(BMS_Node * root);
static void       BMS_MaxDepth(BMS_Node * root, int depth, int *maxdepth);
#endif

/*
 * Initialize our volume bitmap data structures
 */
int BitMapCheckBegin(SGlobPtr g)
{
	Boolean				isHFSPlus;

	if (gBitMapInited)
		return (0);

	isHFSPlus = VolumeObjectIsHFSPlus( );

	gFullBitmapSegment = (UInt32 *)malloc(kBytesPerSegment);
	memset((void *)gFullBitmapSegment, 0xff, kBytesPerSegment);

	gEmptyBitmapSegment = (UInt32 *)malloc(kBytesPerSegment);
	memset((void *)gEmptyBitmapSegment, 0x00, kBytesPerSegment);

	gTotalBits = g->calculatedVCB->vcbTotalBlocks;
	gTotalSegments = (gTotalBits / kBitsPerSegment);
	if (gTotalBits % kBitsPerSegment)
		++gTotalSegments;

	gFullSegmentList = bit_alloc(gTotalSegments);
	bit_nclear(gFullSegmentList, 0, gTotalSegments - 1);

	BMS_InitTree();
	gBitMapInited = 1;
	gBitsMarked = 0;

	if (isHFSPlus) {
		UInt16	alignBits;
		
		/*
			* Allocate the VolumeHeader in the volume bitmap.
			* Since the VH is the 3rd sector in we may need to
			* add some alignment allocation blocks before it.
			*/
		if (g->calculatedVCB->vcbBlockSize == 512)
			alignBits = 2;
		else if (g->calculatedVCB->vcbBlockSize == 1024)
			alignBits = 1;
		else
			alignBits = 0;

		(void) CaptureBitmapBits(0, 1 + alignBits);

		if (g->calculatedVCB->vcbBlockSize == 512)
			alignBits = 1;
		else
			alignBits = 0;
		
		(void) CaptureBitmapBits(gTotalBits - 1 - alignBits, 1 + alignBits);
	}

	return (0);
}

/* debugging stats */
int gFullSegments = 0;
int gSegmentNodes = 0;

int BitMapCheckEnd(void)
{
	if (gBitMapInited) {
#if _VBC_DEBUG_
		int maxdepth = 0;

		BMS_MaxDepth(gBMS_Root, 0, &maxdepth);
		plog("   %d full segments, %d segment nodes (max depth was %d nodes)\n",
		       gFullSegments, gSegmentNodes, maxdepth);
#endif
		free(gFullBitmapSegment);
		gFullBitmapSegment = NULL;

		free(gEmptyBitmapSegment);
		gEmptyBitmapSegment = NULL;

		bit_dealloc(gFullSegmentList);
		gFullSegmentList = NULL;

		BMS_DisposeTree();
		gBitMapInited = 0;
	}
	return (0);
}

/* Function: GetSegmentBitmap
 *
 * Description: Return bitmap segment corresponding to given startBit.
 * 
 *	1. Calculate the segment number for given bit.
 *	2. If the segment exists in full segment list,
 *			If bitOperation is to clear bits, 
 *			a. Remove segment from full segment list.
 *			b. Insert a full segment in the bitmap tree.
 *			Else return pointer to dummy full segment
 *	3. If segment found in tree, it is partially full.  Return it.
 *	4. If (2) and (3) are not true, it is a empty segment.
 *			If bitOperation is to set bits,
 *			a. Insert empty segment in the bitmap tree.
 *			Else return pointer to dummy empty segment.
 *
 * Input:	
 *	1. startBit - bit number (block number) to lookup
 *	2. buffer - pointer to return pointer to bitmap segment
 *	3. bitOperation - intent for new segment
 *		kSettingBits	- caller wants to set bits
 *		kClearingBits	- caller wants to clear bits
 *		kTestingBits	- caller wants to test bits.
 *
 * Output:
 *	1. buffer - pointer to desired segment 
 *	returns zero on success, -1 on failure.
 */
static int GetSegmentBitmap(UInt32 startBit, UInt32 **buffer, int bitOperation)
{
	UInt32 segment;
	BMS_Node *segNode = NULL;
	
	*buffer = NULL;
	segment = startBit / kBitsPerSegment;

	// for a full seqment...
	if (bit_test(gFullSegmentList, segment)) {
		if (bitOperation == kClearingBits) {
                    bit_clear(gFullSegmentList, segment);
					--gFullSegments;
                    if ((segNode = BMS_Insert(segment, kFullSegment)) != NULL)
                        *buffer = &segNode->bitmap[0];
		} else
			*buffer = gFullBitmapSegment;
	
	// for a  partially full segment..
	} else if ((segNode = BMS_Lookup(segment)) != NULL) {
			*buffer = &segNode->bitmap[0];
	
	// for an empty segment...
	} else {
		if (bitOperation == kSettingBits) { 
			if ((segNode = BMS_Insert(segment, kEmptySegment)) != NULL)
				*buffer = &segNode->bitmap[0];
		} else	
			*buffer = gEmptyBitmapSegment;
	}
		
	if (*buffer == NULL) {
#if _VBC_DEBUG_
		plog("GetSegmentBitmap: couldn't get a node for block %d, segment %d\n", startBit, segment);
#endif
		return (-1); /* oops */
	}

#if 0
	if (segNode) {
		int i;
		plog("  segment %d: L=0x%08x, R=0x%08x \n< ",
			(int)segNode->segment, (int)segNode->left, segNode->right);
		for (i = 0; i < kWordsPerSegment; ++i) {
			plog("0x%08x ", segNode->bitmap[i]);
			if ((i & 0x3) == 0x3)
				plog("\n  ");
		}
		plog("\n");
	}

	if (bitOperation == kSettingBits && *buffer && bcmp(*buffer, gFullBitmapSegment, kBytesPerSegment) == 0) {
		plog("*** segment %d (start blk %d) is already full!\n", segment, startBit);
		exit(5);
	}
	if (bitOperation == kClearingBits && *buffer && bcmp(*buffer, gEmptyBitmapSegment, kBytesPerSegment) == 0) {
		plog("*** segment %d (start blk %d) is already empty!\n", segment, startBit);
		exit(5);
	}
#endif

	return (0);
}

/* Function: TestSegmentBitmap
 *
 * Description:  Test if the current bitmap segment is a full
 * segment or empty segment. 
 * If full segment, delete the segment, set corresponding full segment
 * bit in gFullSegmentList, and update counters.
 * If empty list, delete the segment from list.  Note that we update 
 * the counter only for debugging purposes.
 *
 * Input: 
 *	startBit - startBit of segment to test
 *
 * Output:
 *	nothing (void).
 */
void TestSegmentBitmap(UInt32 startBit)
{
	UInt32 segment;
	BMS_Node *segNode = NULL;

	segment = startBit / kBitsPerSegment;

	if (bit_test(gFullSegmentList, segment))
		return;

	if ((segNode = BMS_Lookup(segment)) != NULL) {
#if 0
		int i;
		plog("> ");
		for (i = 0; i < kWordsPerSegment; ++i) {
			plog("0x%08x ", segNode->bitmap[i]);
			if ((i & 0x3) == 0x3)
				plog("\n  ");
		}
		plog("\n");
#endif
		if (segment != 0 && bcmp(&segNode->bitmap[0], gFullBitmapSegment, kBytesPerSegment) == 0) {
			if (BMS_Delete(segment) != NULL) {
				bit_set(gFullSegmentList, segment);
				/* debugging stats */
				++gFullSegments;
				--gSegmentNodes;
			}
		}
		
		if (segment != 0 && bcmp(&segNode->bitmap[0], gEmptyBitmapSegment, kBytesPerSegment) == 0) {
			if (BMS_Delete(segment) != NULL) {
				/* debugging stats */
				--gSegmentNodes;
			}
		}
	}
}


/* Function: CaptureBitmapBits
 *
 * Description: Set bits in the segmented bitmap from startBit upto 
 * bitCount bits.  
 *
 * Note: This function is independent of the previous state of the bit
 * to be set.  Therefore single bit can be set multiple times.  Setting a 
 * bit multiple times might result in incorrect total number of blocks used 
 * (which can be corrected using UpdateFreeBlockCount function).
 *
 * 1. Increment gBitsMarked with bitCount.
 * 2. If first bit does not start on word boundary, special case it.
 * 3. Set all whole words. 
 * 4. If not all bits in last word need to be set, special case it.
 * 5. For 2, 3, and 4, call TestSegmentBitmap after writing one segment or 
 * setting all bits to optimize full and empty segment list.
 * 
 * Input:
 *	startBit - bit number in segment bitmap to start set operation.
 *  bitCount - total number of bits to set.
 *
 * Output:
 *	zero on success, non-zero on failure.
 *	This function also returns E_OvlExt if any overlapping extent is found.
 */
int CaptureBitmapBits(UInt32 startBit, UInt32 bitCount)
{
	Boolean overlap;
	OSErr   err;
	UInt32  wordsLeft;
	UInt32  bitMask;
	UInt32  firstBit;
	UInt32  numBits;
	UInt32  *buffer;
	UInt32  *currentWord;

	overlap = false;
	if (bitCount == 0)
		return (0);

	if ((startBit + bitCount) > gTotalBits) {
		err = vcInvalidExtentErr;
		goto Exit;
	}

	/* count allocated bits */
	gBitsMarked += bitCount;

	/*
	 * Get the bitmap segment containing the first word to check
	 */
	err = GetSegmentBitmap(startBit, &buffer, kSettingBits);
	if (err != noErr) goto Exit;

	/* Initialize buffer stuff */
	{
		UInt32 wordIndexInSegment;

		wordIndexInSegment = (startBit & kBitsWithinSegmentMask) / kBitsPerWord;
		currentWord = buffer + wordIndexInSegment;
		wordsLeft = kWordsPerSegment - wordIndexInSegment;
	}
	
	/*
	 * If the first bit to check doesn't start on a word
	 * boundary in the bitmap, then treat that first word
	 * specially.
	 */
	firstBit = startBit % kBitsPerWord;
	if (firstBit != 0) {
		bitMask = kAllBitsSetInWord >> firstBit;  // turn off all bits before firstBit
		numBits = kBitsPerWord - firstBit;	// number of remaining bits in this word
		if (numBits > bitCount) {
			numBits = bitCount;	// entire allocation is inside this one word
			bitMask &= ~(kAllBitsSetInWord >> (firstBit + numBits)); // turn off bits after last
		}

		if (SWAP_BE32(*currentWord) & bitMask) {
			overlap = true;

			//plog("(1) overlapping file blocks! word: 0x%08x, mask: 0x%08x\n", *currentWord, bitMask);
		}
		
		*currentWord |= SWAP_BE32(bitMask);  /* set the bits in the bitmap */
		
		bitCount -= numBits;
		++currentWord;
		--wordsLeft;
		if (wordsLeft == 0 || bitCount == 0)
			TestSegmentBitmap(startBit);
	}

	/*
	 * Set whole words (32 bits) at a time.
	 */
	bitMask = kAllBitsSetInWord;
	while (bitCount >= kBitsPerWord) {
		/* See if it's time to move to the next bitmap segment */
		if (wordsLeft == 0) {
			startBit += kBitsPerSegment;	 // generate a bit in the next bitmap segment
			
			err = GetSegmentBitmap(startBit, &buffer, kSettingBits);
			if (err != noErr) goto Exit;
			
			// Readjust currentWord, wordsLeft
			currentWord = buffer;
			wordsLeft = kWordsPerSegment;
		}
		
		if (SWAP_BE32(*currentWord) & bitMask) {
			overlap = true;

			//plog("(2) overlapping file blocks! word: 0x%08x, mask: 0x%08x\n", *currentWord, bitMask);
		}
		
		*currentWord |= SWAP_BE32(bitMask);  /* set the bits in the bitmap */

		bitCount -= kBitsPerWord;
		++currentWord;
		--wordsLeft;
		if (wordsLeft == 0 || bitCount == 0)
			TestSegmentBitmap(startBit);
	}
	
	/*
	 * Check any remaining bits.
	 */
	if (bitCount != 0) {
		bitMask = ~(kAllBitsSetInWord >> bitCount);	// set first bitCount bits
		if (wordsLeft == 0) {
			startBit += kBitsPerSegment;
			
			err = GetSegmentBitmap(startBit, &buffer, kSettingBits);
			if (err != noErr) goto Exit;
			
			currentWord = buffer;
			wordsLeft = kWordsPerSegment;
		}
		
		if (SWAP_BE32(*currentWord) & bitMask) {
			overlap = true;

			//plog("(3) overlapping file blocks! word: 0x%08x, mask: 0x%08x\n", *currentWord, bitMask);
		}
		
		*currentWord |= SWAP_BE32(bitMask);  /* set the bits in the bitmap */

		TestSegmentBitmap(startBit);
	}
Exit:
	return (overlap ? E_OvlExt : err);
}


/* Function: ReleaseBitMapBits
 *
 * Description: Clear bits in the segmented bitmap from startBit upto 
 * bitCount bits.  
 *
 * Note: This function is independent of the previous state of the bit
 * to clear.  Therefore single bit can be cleared multiple times.  Clearing a 
 * bit multiple times might result in incorrect total number of blocks used 
 * (which can be corrected using UpdateFreeBlockCount function).
 *
 * 1. Decrement gBitsMarked with bitCount.
 * 2. If first bit does not start on word boundary, special case it.
 * 3. Clear all whole words. 
 * 4. If partial bits in last word needs to be cleared, special case it.
 * 5. For 2, 3, and 4, call TestSegmentBitmap after writing one segment or 
 * clearing all bits to optimize full and empty segment list.
 * 
 * Input:
 *	startBit - bit number in segment bitmap to start clear operation.
 *  bitCount - total number of bits to clear.
 *
 * Output:
 *	zero on success, non-zero on failure.
 *	This function also returns E_OvlExt if any overlapping extent is found.
 */
int ReleaseBitmapBits(UInt32 startBit, UInt32 bitCount)
{
	Boolean overlap;
	OSErr   err;
	UInt32  wordsLeft;
	UInt32  bitMask;
	UInt32  firstBit;
	UInt32  numBits;
	UInt32  *buffer;
	UInt32  *currentWord;

	overlap = false;
	if (bitCount == 0)
		return (0);

	if ((startBit + bitCount) > gTotalBits) {
		err = vcInvalidExtentErr;
		goto Exit;
	}

	/* decrment allocated bits */
	gBitsMarked -= bitCount;

	/*
	 * Get the bitmap segment containing the first word to check
	 */
	err = GetSegmentBitmap(startBit, &buffer, kClearingBits);
	if (err != noErr) goto Exit;

	/* Initialize buffer stuff */
	{
		UInt32 wordIndexInSegment;

		wordIndexInSegment = (startBit & kBitsWithinSegmentMask) / kBitsPerWord;
		currentWord = buffer + wordIndexInSegment;
		wordsLeft = kWordsPerSegment - wordIndexInSegment;
	}
	
	/*
	 * If the first bit to check doesn't start on a word
	 * boundary in the bitmap, then treat that first word
	 * specially.
	 */
	firstBit = startBit % kBitsPerWord;
	if (firstBit != 0) {
		bitMask = kAllBitsSetInWord >> firstBit;  // turn off all bits before firstBit
		numBits = kBitsPerWord - firstBit;	// number of remaining bits in this word
		if (numBits > bitCount) {
			numBits = bitCount;	// entire deallocation is inside this one word
			bitMask &= ~(kAllBitsSetInWord >> (firstBit + numBits)); // turn off bits after last
		}

		if ((SWAP_BE32(*currentWord) & bitMask) != bitMask) {
			overlap = true;

			//plog("(1) overlapping file blocks! word: 0x%08x, mask: 0x%08x\n", *currentWord, bitMask);
		}
		
		*currentWord &= SWAP_BE32(~bitMask);  /* clear the bits in the bitmap */
		
		bitCount -= numBits;
		++currentWord;
		--wordsLeft;
		if (wordsLeft == 0 || bitCount == 0)
			TestSegmentBitmap(startBit);
	}

	/*
	 * Clear whole words (32 bits) at a time.
	 */
	bitMask = kAllBitsSetInWord;
	while (bitCount >= kBitsPerWord) {
		/* See if it's time to move to the next bitmap segment */
		if (wordsLeft == 0) {
			startBit += kBitsPerSegment;	 // generate a bit in the next bitmap segment
			
			err = GetSegmentBitmap(startBit, &buffer, kClearingBits);
			if (err != noErr) goto Exit;
			
			// Readjust currentWord, wordsLeft
			currentWord = buffer;
			wordsLeft = kWordsPerSegment;
		}
		
		if ((SWAP_BE32(*currentWord) & bitMask) != bitMask) {
			overlap = true;

			//plog("(2) overlapping file blocks! word: 0x%08x, mask: 0x%08x\n", *currentWord, bitMask);
		}
		
		*currentWord &= SWAP_BE32(~bitMask);  /* clear the bits in the bitmap */

		bitCount -= kBitsPerWord;
		++currentWord;
		--wordsLeft;
		if (wordsLeft == 0 || bitCount == 0)
			TestSegmentBitmap(startBit);
	}
	
	/*
	 * Check any remaining bits.
	 */
	if (bitCount != 0) {
		bitMask = ~(kAllBitsSetInWord >> bitCount);	// set first bitCount bits
		if (wordsLeft == 0) {
			startBit += kBitsPerSegment;
			
			err = GetSegmentBitmap(startBit, &buffer, kClearingBits);
			if (err != noErr) goto Exit;
			
			currentWord = buffer;
			wordsLeft = kWordsPerSegment;
		}
		
		if ((SWAP_BE32(*currentWord) & bitMask) != bitMask) {
			overlap = true;

			//plog("(3) overlapping file blocks! word: 0x%08x, mask: 0x%08x\n", *currentWord, bitMask);
		}
		
		*currentWord &= SWAP_BE32(~bitMask);  /* set the bits in the bitmap */

		TestSegmentBitmap(startBit);
	}
Exit:
	return (overlap ? E_OvlExt : err);
}

/* Function: CheckVolumeBitMap
 *
 * Description: Compares the in-memory volume bitmap with the on-disk
 * volume bitmap. 
 * If repair is true, update the on-disk bitmap with the in-memory bitmap.
 * If repair is false and the bitmaps don't match, an error message is 
 * printed and check stops.
 *
 * Input:
 *	1. g - global scavenger structure
 *	2. repair - indicate if a repair operation is requested or not.
 *
 * Output:
 *	zero on success, non-zero on failure.
 */
int CheckVolumeBitMap(SGlobPtr g, Boolean repair)
{
	UInt8 *vbmBlockP;
	UInt32 *buffer;
	UInt64 bit;		/* 64-bit to avoid wrap around on volumes with 2^32 - 1 blocks */
	UInt32 bitsWithinFileBlkMask;
	UInt32 fileBlk;
	BlockDescriptor block;
	ReleaseBlockOptions relOpt;
	SFCB * fcb;
	SVCB * vcb;
	Boolean	 isHFSPlus;
	Boolean foundOverAlloc = false;
	int err = 0;
	
	vcb = g->calculatedVCB;
	fcb = g->calculatedAllocationsFCB;
	isHFSPlus = VolumeObjectIsHFSPlus( );
	
	if ( vcb->vcbFreeBlocks != (vcb->vcbTotalBlocks - gBitsMarked) ) {
		vcb->vcbFreeBlocks = vcb->vcbTotalBlocks - gBitsMarked;
		MarkVCBDirty(vcb);
	}

	vbmBlockP = (UInt8 *)NULL;
	block.buffer = (void *)NULL;
	relOpt = kReleaseBlock;
	if ( isHFSPlus )
		bitsWithinFileBlkMask = (fcb->fcbBlockSize * 8) - 1;
	else
		bitsWithinFileBlkMask = (kHFSBlockSize * 8) - 1;
	fileBlk = (isHFSPlus ? 0 : vcb->vcbVBMSt);

	/* 
	 * Loop through all the bitmap segments and compare
	 * them against the on-disk bitmap.
	 */
	for (bit = 0; bit < gTotalBits; bit += kBitsPerSegment) {
		(void) GetSegmentBitmap(bit, &buffer, kTestingBits);

		/* 
		 * When we cross file block boundries read a new block from disk.
		 */
		if ((bit & bitsWithinFileBlkMask) == 0) {
			if (isHFSPlus) {
				if (block.buffer) {
					err = ReleaseFileBlock(fcb, &block, relOpt);
					ReturnIfError(err);
				}
				err = GetFileBlock(fcb, fileBlk, kGetBlock, &block);
			} else /* plain HFS */ {
				if (block.buffer) {
					err = ReleaseVolumeBlock(vcb, &block, relOpt | kSkipEndianSwap);
					ReturnIfError(err);
				}
				err = GetVolumeBlock(vcb, fileBlk, kGetBlock | kSkipEndianSwap, &block);
			}
			ReturnIfError(err);

			vbmBlockP = (UInt8 *) block.buffer;
			relOpt = kReleaseBlock;
			g->TarBlock = fileBlk;
			++fileBlk;
		}
		if (memcmp(buffer, vbmBlockP + (bit & bitsWithinFileBlkMask)/8, kBytesPerSegment) == 0)
			continue;

		if (repair) {
			bcopy(buffer, vbmBlockP + (bit & bitsWithinFileBlkMask)/8, kBytesPerSegment);
			relOpt = kForceWriteBlock;
		} else {
			int underalloc = 0;
			int indx;
#if _VBC_DEBUG_
			int i, j;
			UInt32 *disk_buffer;
			UInt32 dummy, block_num;

			plog("  disk buffer + %d\n", (bit & bitsWithinFileBlkMask)/8);
			plog("start block number for segment = %qu\n", bit);
			plog("segment %qd\n", bit / kBitsPerSegment);

			plog("Memory:\n");
			for (i = 0; i < kWordsPerSegment; ++i) {
				plog("0x%08x ", buffer[i]);
				if ((i & 0x7) == 0x7)
					plog("\n");
			}

			disk_buffer = (UInt32*) (vbmBlockP + (bit & bitsWithinFileBlkMask)/8);
			plog("Disk:\n");
			for (i = 0; i < kWordsPerSegment; ++i) {
				plog("0x%08x ", disk_buffer[i]);
				if ((i & 0x7) == 0x7)
					plog("\n");
			}

			plog ("\n");
			for (i = 0; i < kWordsPerSegment; ++i) {
				/* Compare each word in the segment */
				if (buffer[i] != disk_buffer[i]) {
					dummy = 0x80000000;
					/* If two words are different, compare each bit in the word */
					for (j = 0; j < kBitsPerWord; ++j) {
						/* If two bits are different, calculate allocation block number */
						if ((buffer[i] & dummy) != (disk_buffer[i] & dummy)) {
							block_num = bit + (i * kBitsPerWord) + j;
							if (buffer[i] & dummy) {
								plog ("Allocation block %u should be marked used on disk.\n", block_num);
							} else {
								plog ("Allocation block %u should be marked free on disk.\n", block_num);
							}
						}
						dummy = dummy >> 1;
					}
				}
			}
#endif
			/*
			 * We have at least one difference.  If we have over-allocated (that is, the
			 * volume bitmap says a block is allocated, but our counts say it isn't), then
			 * this is a lessor error.  If we've under-allocated (that is, the volume bitmap
			 * says a block is available, but our counts say it is in use), then this is a
			 * bigger problem -- it can lead to overlapping extents.
			 *
			 * Once we determine we have under-allocated, we can just stop and print out
			 * the message.
			 */
			for (indx = 0; indx < kBytesPerSegment; indx++) {
				uint8_t *bufp, *diskp;
				bufp = (uint8_t *)buffer;
				diskp = vbmBlockP + (bit & bitsWithinFileBlkMask)/8;
				if (bufp[indx] & ~diskp[indx]) {
					underalloc++;
					break;
				}
			}
			g->VIStat = g->VIStat | S_VBM;
			if (underalloc) {
				fsckPrint(g->context, E_VBMDamaged);
				break; /* stop checking after first miss */
			} else if (!foundOverAlloc) {
				/* Only print out a message on the first find */
				fsckPrint(g->context, E_VBMDamagedOverAlloc);
				foundOverAlloc = true;
			}
		}
		++g->itemsProcessed;
	}

	if (block.buffer) {
		if (isHFSPlus)
			(void) ReleaseFileBlock(fcb, &block, relOpt);
		else
			(void) ReleaseVolumeBlock(vcb, &block, relOpt | kSkipEndianSwap);
	}

	return (0);
}

/* Function: UpdateFreeBlockCount
 *
 * Description: Re-calculate the total bits marked in in-memory bitmap 
 * by traversing the entire bitmap.  Update the total number of bits set in 
 * the in-memory volume bitmap and the volume free block count.
 *
 * All the bits representing the blocks that are beyond total allocation 
 * blocks of the volume are intialized to zero in the last bitmap segment. 
 * This function checks for bits marked, therefore we do not special case
 * the last bitmap segment.
 *
 * Input:
 * 	g - global scavenger structure pointer.
 *
 * Output:
 *	nothing (void)
 */
void UpdateFreeBlockCount(SGlobPtr g)
{
	int i;
	UInt32 newBitsMarked = 0;
	UInt32 bit;
	UInt32 *buffer;
	UInt32 curWord;
	SVCB * vcb = g->calculatedVCB;
	
	/* Loop through all the bitmap segments */
	for (bit = 0; bit < gTotalBits; bit += kBitsPerSegment) {
		(void) GetSegmentBitmap(bit, &buffer, kTestingBits);

		/* All bits in segment are set */
		if (buffer == gFullBitmapSegment) {
			newBitsMarked += kBitsPerSegment;
			continue;
		}

		/* All bits in segment are clear */
		if (buffer == gEmptyBitmapSegment) {
			continue;
		}

		/* Segment is partially full */
		for (i = 0; i < kWordsPerSegment; i++) {
			if (buffer[i] == kAllBitsSetInWord) {
				newBitsMarked += kBitsPerWord;
			} else {
				curWord = SWAP_BE32(buffer[i]);
				while (curWord) {
					newBitsMarked += curWord & 1;
					curWord >>= 1;
				}
			}
		} 
	} 
	
	/* Update total bits marked count for in-memory bitmap */
	if (gBitsMarked != newBitsMarked) {
		gBitsMarked = newBitsMarked;
	}

	/* Update volume free block count */
	if (vcb->vcbFreeBlocks != (vcb->vcbTotalBlocks - gBitsMarked)) {
		vcb->vcbFreeBlocks = vcb->vcbTotalBlocks - gBitsMarked;
		MarkVCBDirty(vcb);
	}
}

/* Function: FindContigClearedBitmapBits
 *
 * Description: Find contigous free bitmap bits (allocation blocks) from
 * the in-memory volume bitmap.  If found, the bits are not marked as 
 * used.
 *
 * The function traverses the entire in-memory volume bitmap.  It keeps 
 * a count of contigous cleared bits and the first cleared bit seen in
 * the current sequence.  
 * If it sees a set bit, it re-intializes the count to the number of 
 * blocks to be found and first cleared bit as zero.
 * If it sees a cleared bit, it decrements the count of number of blocks
 * to be found cleared.  If the first cleared bit was set to zero,
 * it initializes it with the current bit.  If the count of number
 * of blocks becomes zero, the function returns.
 *
 * The function takes care if the last bitmap segment is paritally used
 * to represented the total number of allocation blocks.
 *
 * Input:
 *	1. vcb - pointer to volume information
 *	2. numBlocks - number of free contigous blocks
 *	3. actualStartBlock - pointer to return the start block, if contigous
 *		free blocks found.
 *
 * Output:
 *	1. actualStartBlock - pointer to return the start block, if contigous
 *		free blocks found.
 *	On success, returns zero.
 *  On failure, non-zero value
 *		ENOSPC - No contigous free blocks were found of given length
 */
static int FindContigClearedBitmapBits (SVCB *vcb, UInt32 numBlocks, UInt32 *actualStartBlock)
{
	int i, j;
	int retval = ENOSPC;
	UInt32 bit;
	UInt32 *buffer;
	UInt32 curWord;
	UInt32 validBitsInSegment;		/* valid bits remaining (considering totalBits) in segment */
	UInt32 validBitsInWord;			/* valid bits remaining (considering totalBits) in word */
	UInt32 bitsRemain = numBlocks; 	/* total free bits more to search */
	UInt32 startBlock = 0;			/* start bit for free bits sequence */
	
	/* For all segments except the last segments, number of valid bits
	 * is always total number of bits represented by the segment
	 */
	validBitsInSegment = kBitsPerSegment;

	/* For all words except the last word, the number of valid bits
	 * is always total number of bits represented by the word 
	 */
	validBitsInWord = kBitsPerWord;

	/* Loop through all the bitmap segments */
	for (bit = 0; bit < gTotalBits; bit += kBitsPerSegment) {
		(void) GetSegmentBitmap(bit, &buffer, kTestingBits);

		/* If this is last segment, calculate valid bits remaining */
		if ((gTotalBits - bit) < kBitsPerSegment) {
			validBitsInSegment = gTotalBits - bit;
		}

		/* All bits in segment are set */
		if (buffer == gFullBitmapSegment) {
			/* Reset our counters */
			startBlock = 0;
			bitsRemain = numBlocks;
			continue;
		}

		/* All bits in segment are clear */
		if (buffer == gEmptyBitmapSegment) {
			/* If startBlock is not initialized, initialize it */ 
			if (bitsRemain == numBlocks) {
				startBlock = bit;
			}
			/* If the total number of required free blocks is greater than
			 * total number of blocks represented in one free segment, include 
			 * entire segment in our count
			 * If the total number of required free blocks is less than the
			 * total number of blocks represented in one free segment, include
			 * only the remaining free blocks in the count and break out. 
			 */
			if (bitsRemain > validBitsInSegment) {
				bitsRemain -= validBitsInSegment;
				continue;
			} else {
				bitsRemain = 0;
				break;
			}
		}

		/* Segment is partially full */
		for (i = 0; i < kWordsPerSegment; i++) {
			/* All bits in a word are set */
			if (buffer[i] == kAllBitsSetInWord) {
				/* Reset our counters */ 
				startBlock = 0;
				bitsRemain = numBlocks;
			} else { 
				/* Not all bits in a word are set */
				
				/* If this is the last segment, check if the current word
				 * is the last word containing valid bits.
				 */
				if (validBitsInSegment != kBitsPerSegment) {
					if ((validBitsInSegment - (i * kBitsPerWord)) < kBitsPerWord) {
						/* Calculate the total valid bits in last word */
						validBitsInWord = validBitsInSegment - (i * kBitsPerWord);
					}
				}

				curWord = SWAP_BE32(buffer[i]);
				/* Check every bit in the word */
				for (j = 0; j < validBitsInWord; j++) { 
					if (curWord & kMSBBitSetInWord) {
						/* The bit is set, reset our counters */
						startBlock = 0;
						bitsRemain = numBlocks;
					} else {
						/* The bit is clear */
						if (bitsRemain == numBlocks) {
							startBlock = bit + (i * kBitsPerWord) + j;
						}
						bitsRemain--;
						if (bitsRemain == 0) {
							goto out;
						}
					}
					curWord <<= 1;
				} /* for - checking bits set in word */

				/* If this is last valid word, stop the search */
				if (validBitsInWord != kBitsPerWord) {
					goto out;
				}
			} /* else - not all bits set in a word */ 
		} /* for - segment is partially full */
	} /* for - loop over all segments */

out:
	if (bitsRemain == 0) {
		/* Return the new start block found */
		*actualStartBlock = startBlock;
		retval = 0; 
	} else {
		*actualStartBlock = 0;
	}

	return retval;
}

/* Function: AllocateContigBitmapBits
 *
 * Description: Find contigous free bitmap bits (allocation blocks) from
 * the in-memory volume bitmap.  If found, also mark the bits as used.
 *
 * Input:
 *	1. vcb - pointer to volume information
 *	2. numBlocks - number of free contigous blocks
 *	3. actualStartBlock - pointer to return the start block, if contigous
 *		free blocks found.
 *
 * Output:
 *	1. actualStartBlock - pointer to return the start block, if contigous
 *		free blocks found.
 *	On success, returns zero.
 *  On failure, non-zero value
 *		ENOENT   - No contigous free blocks were found of given length
 *		E_OvlExt - Free blocks found are already allocated (overlapping 
 *				   extent found).
 */
int AllocateContigBitmapBits (SVCB *vcb, UInt32 numBlocks, UInt32 *actualStartBlock)
{
	int error;

	error = FindContigClearedBitmapBits (vcb, numBlocks, actualStartBlock);
	if (error == noErr) {
		error = CaptureBitmapBits (*actualStartBlock, numBlocks);
	}

	return error;
}

enum { kMaxTrimExtents = 256 };
dk_extent_t gTrimExtents[kMaxTrimExtents];
dk_unmap_t gTrimData;

static void TrimInit(void)
{
	bzero(&gTrimData, sizeof(gTrimData));
	gTrimData.extents = gTrimExtents;
}

static void TrimFlush(void)
{
	int err;
	
	if (gTrimData.extentsCount == 0)
	{
		DPRINTF(d_info|d_trim, "TrimFlush: nothing to flush\n");
		return;	
	}
	
	err = ioctl(fsreadfd, DKIOCUNMAP, &gTrimData);
	if (err == -1)
	{
		DPRINTF(d_error|d_trim, "TrimFlush: error %d\n", errno);
	}
	gTrimData.extentsCount = 0;
}

static void TrimExtent(SGlobPtr g, UInt32 startBlock, UInt32 blockCount)
{
	UInt64 offset;
	UInt64 length;
	
	DPRINTF(d_info|d_trim, "Trimming: startBlock=%10u, blockCount=%10u\n", startBlock, blockCount);

	offset = (UInt64) startBlock * g->calculatedVCB->vcbBlockSize;
	if (VolumeObjectIsHFSPlus())
		offset += g->calculatedVCB->vcbEmbeddedOffset;
	else
		offset += g->calculatedVCB->vcbAlBlSt * 512ULL;
	length = (UInt64) blockCount * g->calculatedVCB->vcbBlockSize;
	
	gTrimExtents[gTrimData.extentsCount].offset = offset;
	gTrimExtents[gTrimData.extentsCount].length = length;
	if (++gTrimData.extentsCount == kMaxTrimExtents)
		TrimFlush();
}

/* Function: TrimFreeBlocks
 *
 * Description: Find contiguous ranges of free allocation blocks (cleared bits
 * in the bitmap) and issue DKIOCUNMAP requests to tell the underlying device
 * that those blocks are not in use.  This allows the device to reclaim that
 * space.
 *
 * Input:
 *	g - global scavenger structure pointer
 */
void TrimFreeBlocks(SGlobPtr g)
{
	UInt32 *buffer;
	UInt32 bit;
	UInt32 wordWithinSegment;
	UInt32 bitWithinWordMask;
	UInt32 currentWord;
	UInt32 startBlock;
	UInt32 blockCount;
	UInt32 totalTrimmed = 0;
	
	TrimInit();
	
	/* We haven't seen any free blocks yet. */
	startBlock = 0;
	blockCount = 0;
	
	/* Loop through bitmap segments */
	for (bit = 0; bit < gTotalBits; /* bit incremented below */) {
		assert((bit % kBitsPerSegment) == 0);
		
		(void) GetSegmentBitmap(bit, &buffer, kTestingBits);

		if (buffer == gFullBitmapSegment) {
			/*
			 * There are no free blocks in this segment, so trim any previous
			 * extent (that ended at the end of the previous segment).
			 */
			if (blockCount != 0) {
				TrimExtent(g, startBlock, blockCount);
				totalTrimmed += blockCount;
				blockCount = 0;
			}
			bit += kBitsPerSegment;
			continue;
		}
		
		if (buffer == gEmptyBitmapSegment) {
			/*
			 * This entire segment is free.  Add it to a previous extent, or
			 * start a new one.
			 */
			if (blockCount == 0) {
				startBlock = bit;
			}
			if (gTotalBits - bit < kBitsPerSegment) {
				blockCount += gTotalBits - bit;
			} else {
				blockCount += kBitsPerSegment;
			}
			bit += kBitsPerSegment;
			continue;
		}
		
		/*
		 * If we get here, the current segment has some free and some used
		 * blocks, so we have to iterate over them.
		 */
		for (wordWithinSegment = 0;
		     wordWithinSegment < kWordsPerSegment && bit < gTotalBits;
		     ++wordWithinSegment)
		{
			assert((bit % kBitsPerWord) == 0);
			
			currentWord = SWAP_BE32(buffer[wordWithinSegment]);

			/* Iterate over all the bits in the current word. */
			for (bitWithinWordMask = kMSBBitSetInWord;
			     bitWithinWordMask != 0 && bit < gTotalBits;
			     ++bit, bitWithinWordMask >>= 1)
			{
				if (currentWord & bitWithinWordMask) {
					/* Found a used block. */
					if (blockCount != 0) {
						TrimExtent(g, startBlock, blockCount);
						totalTrimmed += blockCount;
						blockCount = 0;
					}
				} else {
					/*
					 * Found an unused block.  Add it to the current extent,
					 * or start a new one.
					 */
					if (blockCount == 0) {
						startBlock = bit;
					}
					++blockCount;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if (blockCount != 0) {
		TrimExtent(g, startBlock, blockCount);
		totalTrimmed += blockCount;
		blockCount = 0;
	}
	
	TrimFlush();
	DPRINTF(d_info|d_trim, "Trimmed %u allocation blocks.\n", totalTrimmed);
}

/* Function: IsTrimSupported
 *
 * Description: Determine whether the device we're verifying/repairing suppports
 * trimming (i.e., whether it supports DKIOCUNMAP).
 *
 * Result:
 *	non-zero	Trim supported
 *	zero		Trim not supported
 */
int IsTrimSupported(void)
{
	int err;
    uint32_t features = 0;
	
	err = ioctl(fsreadfd, DKIOCGETFEATURES, &features);
	if (err < 0)
	{
		/* Can't tell if UNMAP is supported.  Assume no. */
		return 0;
	}
	
	return features & DK_FEATURE_UNMAP;
}

/*
 * BITMAP SEGMENT TREE
 *
 * A binary search tree is used to store bitmap segments that are
 * partially full.  If a segment does not exist in the tree, it
 * can be assumed to be in the following state:
 *	1. Full if the coresponding segment map bit is set
 *	2. Empty (implied)
 */

static int
BMS_InitTree(void)
{
	gBMS_PoolCount = 0;
	BMS_GrowNodePool();

	gBMS_Root = gBMS_FreeNodes;
	gBMS_FreeNodes = gBMS_FreeNodes->right; 
	gBMS_Root->right = NULL; 

	return (0);
}


static int
BMS_DisposeTree(void)
{
	while(gBMS_PoolCount > 0)
		free(gBMS_PoolList[--gBMS_PoolCount]);

	gBMS_Root = gBMS_FreeNodes = 0;
	return (0);
}


static BMS_Node *
BMS_Lookup(UInt32 segment)
{
	BMS_Node *ptree = gBMS_Root;

	while (ptree && ptree->segment != segment) {

		if (segment > ptree->segment)
			ptree = ptree->right;
		else
			ptree = ptree->left;
	}

	return ((BMS_Node *)ptree);
}


static BMS_Node *
BMS_InsertTree(BMS_Node *NewEntry)
{
	BMS_Node *ptree;
	register UInt32 segment;

	segment = NewEntry->segment;
	ptree = gBMS_Root;
	if (ptree == (BMS_Node *)NULL) {
		gBMS_Root = NewEntry;
		return (NewEntry);
	}

	while (ptree) {
		if (segment > ptree->segment) { /* walk the right sub-tree */
			if (ptree->right)
				ptree = ptree->right;
			else {
				ptree->right = NewEntry;
				return (ptree);
			}
		}
		else { /* walk the left sub-tree */
			if (ptree->left) 
				ptree = ptree->left;
			else {
			    	ptree->left = NewEntry;
				return (ptree);
			}
		}
	}	

	return ((BMS_Node *)NULL);
}


/* insert a new segment into the tree */
static BMS_Node *
BMS_Insert(UInt32 segment, int segmentType) 
{
	BMS_Node *new; 

	if ((new = gBMS_FreeNodes) == NULL) {
		BMS_GrowNodePool();
		if ((new = gBMS_FreeNodes) == NULL)
			return ((BMS_Node *)NULL);
	}

	gBMS_FreeNodes = gBMS_FreeNodes->right; 

	++gSegmentNodes;  /* debugging stats */

	new->right = NULL; 
	new->segment = segment;
	if (segmentType == kFullSegment)
		bcopy(gFullBitmapSegment, new->bitmap, kBytesPerSegment);
	else
		bzero(new->bitmap, sizeof(new->bitmap));	

	if (BMS_InsertTree(new) != NULL)
		return (new);
	else
		return ((BMS_Node *)NULL);
}


static BMS_Node *
BMS_Delete(UInt32 segment)
{
	BMS_Node *seg_found, *pprevious, *pnext, *pnextl, *psub;

	pprevious = NULL; 
	seg_found = gBMS_Root;
	
	/* don't allow the root to be deleted! */
	if (seg_found->segment == segment)
		return ((BMS_Node *)NULL);

	while (seg_found && seg_found->segment != segment) {
		pprevious = seg_found;
		if (segment > seg_found->segment)
			seg_found = seg_found->right;
		else
			seg_found = seg_found->left;
	}

	if (seg_found) {
		/*
		 * we found the entry, now reorg the sub-trees
		 * spanning from our node.
		 */
		if ((pnext = seg_found->right)) {
			/*
			 * Tree pruning: take the left branch of the
			 * current node and place it at the lowest
			 * left branch of the current right branch 
			 */
			psub = pnext;
			
			/* walk the Right/Left sub tree from current node */
			while ((pnextl = psub->left))
				psub = pnextl;	
			
			/* plug the old left tree to the new ->Right leftmost node */	
			psub->left = seg_found->left;
		} else {  /* only left sub-tree, simple case */
			pnext = seg_found->left;
		}
		/* 
		 * Now, plug the current node sub tree to
		 * the good pointer of our parent node.
		 */
		if (pprevious->left == seg_found)
			pprevious->left = pnext;
		else
			pprevious->right = pnext;	
		
		/* add node back to the free-list */
		bzero(seg_found, sizeof(BMS_Node));
		seg_found->right = gBMS_FreeNodes; 
		gBMS_FreeNodes = seg_found; 		
	}
	
	return (seg_found);
}


static void
BMS_GrowNodePool(void)
{
	BMS_Node *nodePool;
	short i;

	if (gBMS_PoolCount >= kBMS_PoolMax)
		return;

	nodePool = (BMS_Node *)malloc(sizeof(BMS_Node) * kBMS_NodesPerPool);
	if (nodePool != NULL) {
		bzero(&nodePool[0], sizeof(BMS_Node) * kBMS_NodesPerPool);
		for (i = 1 ; i < kBMS_NodesPerPool ; i++) {
			(&nodePool[i-1])->right = &nodePool[i];
		}
	
		gBMS_FreeNodes = &nodePool[0];
		gBMS_PoolList[gBMS_PoolCount++] = nodePool;
	}
}


#if _VBC_DEBUG_
static void
BMS_MaxDepth(BMS_Node * root, int depth, int *maxdepth)
{
	if (root) {
		depth++;
		if (depth > *maxdepth)
			*maxdepth = depth;
		BMS_MaxDepth(root->left, depth, maxdepth);
		BMS_MaxDepth(root->right, depth, maxdepth);
	}
}

static void
BMS_PrintTree(BMS_Node * root)
{
	if (root) {
		BMS_PrintTree(root->left);
		plog("seg %d\n", root->segment);
		BMS_PrintTree(root->right);
	}
}
#endif