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[apple/file_cmds.git] / dd / dd.c
1 /*-
2 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994
3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
4 *
5 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
6 * Keith Muller of the University of California, San Diego and Lance
7 * Visser of Convex Computer Corporation.
8 *
9 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
10 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
11 * are met:
12 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
14 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
15 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
16 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
17 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
18 * must display the following acknowledgement:
19 * This product includes software developed by the University of
20 * California, Berkeley and its contributors.
21 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
22 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
23 * without specific prior written permission.
24 *
25 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
26 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
27 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
28 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
29 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
30 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
31 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
32 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
33 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
34 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
35 * SUCH DAMAGE.
36 */
37
38 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
39 #ifndef lint
40 __used static char const copyright[] =
41 "@(#) Copyright (c) 1991, 1993, 1994\n\
42 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
43 #endif /* not lint */
44
45 #ifndef lint
46 #if 0
47 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)dd.c 8.5 (Berkeley) 4/2/94";
48 #endif
49 __used static const char rcsid[] =
50 "$FreeBSD: src/bin/dd/dd.c,v 1.36 2002/03/07 14:00:33 markm Exp $";
51 #endif /* not lint */
52
53 #include <sys/param.h>
54 #include <sys/stat.h>
55 #include <sys/conf.h>
56 #include <sys/filio.h>
57 #include <sys/time.h>
58
59 #ifdef __APPLE__
60 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
61 #else
62 #include <sys/disklabel.h>
63 #endif
64
65 #include <ctype.h>
66 #include <err.h>
67 #include <errno.h>
68 #include <fcntl.h>
69 #include <locale.h>
70 #include <stdio.h>
71 #include <stdlib.h>
72 #include <string.h>
73 #include <unistd.h>
74
75 #include "dd.h"
76 #include "extern.h"
77
78 static void dd_close(void);
79 static void dd_in(void);
80 static void getfdtype(IO *);
81 static void setup(void);
82
83 IO in, out; /* input/output state */
84 STAT st; /* statistics */
85 void (*cfunc)(void); /* conversion function */
86 quad_t cpy_cnt; /* # of blocks to copy */
87 off_t pending = 0; /* pending seek if sparse */
88 u_int ddflags; /* conversion options */
89 size_t cbsz; /* conversion block size */
90 quad_t files_cnt = 1; /* # of files to copy */
91 const u_char *ctab; /* conversion table */
92
93 int
94 main(int argc, char *argv[])
95 {
96 (void)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
97 jcl(argv);
98 setup();
99
100 (void)signal(SIGINFO, summaryx);
101 (void)signal(SIGINT, terminate);
102
103 atexit(summary);
104
105 while (files_cnt--)
106 dd_in();
107
108 dd_close();
109 exit(0);
110 }
111
112 static void
113 setup(void)
114 {
115 u_int cnt;
116 struct timeval tv;
117
118 if (in.name == NULL) {
119 in.name = "stdin";
120 in.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
121 } else {
122 in.fd = open(in.name, O_RDONLY, 0);
123 if (in.fd == -1)
124 err(1, "%s", in.name);
125 }
126
127 getfdtype(&in);
128
129 if (files_cnt > 1 && !(in.flags & ISTAPE))
130 errx(1, "files is not supported for non-tape devices");
131
132 if (out.name == NULL) {
133 /* No way to check for read access here. */
134 out.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
135 out.name = "stdout";
136 } else {
137 #define OFLAGS \
138 (O_CREAT | (ddflags & (C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC) ? 0 : O_TRUNC))
139 out.fd = open(out.name, O_RDWR | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
140 /*
141 * May not have read access, so try again with write only.
142 * Without read we may have a problem if output also does
143 * not support seeks.
144 */
145 if (out.fd == -1) {
146 out.fd = open(out.name, O_WRONLY | OFLAGS, DEFFILEMODE);
147 out.flags |= NOREAD;
148 }
149 if (out.fd == -1)
150 err(1, "%s", out.name);
151 }
152
153 getfdtype(&out);
154
155 /*
156 * Allocate space for the input and output buffers. If not doing
157 * record oriented I/O, only need a single buffer.
158 */
159 if (!(ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))) {
160 if ((in.db = malloc(out.dbsz + in.dbsz - 1)) == NULL)
161 err(1, "input buffer");
162 out.db = in.db;
163 } else if ((in.db = malloc(MAX(in.dbsz, cbsz) + cbsz)) == NULL ||
164 (out.db = malloc(out.dbsz + cbsz)) == NULL)
165 err(1, "output buffer");
166 in.dbp = in.db;
167 out.dbp = out.db;
168
169 /* Position the input/output streams. */
170 if (in.offset)
171 pos_in();
172 if (out.offset)
173 pos_out();
174
175 /*
176 * Truncate the output file. If it fails on a type of output file
177 * that it should _not_ fail on, error out.
178 */
179 if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK) &&
180 out.flags & ISTRUNC)
181 if (ftruncate(out.fd, out.offset * out.dbsz) == -1)
182 err(1, "truncating %s", out.name);
183
184 /*
185 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a
186 * table that does both at once. If just converting case, use the
187 * built-in tables.
188 */
189 if (ddflags & (C_LCASE | C_UCASE)) {
190 if (ddflags & (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC)) {
191 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
192 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
193 casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]);
194 } else {
195 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
196 casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]);
197 }
198 } else {
199 if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
200 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
201 casetab[cnt] = tolower((int)cnt);
202 } else {
203 for (cnt = 0; cnt <= 0377; ++cnt)
204 casetab[cnt] = toupper((int)cnt);
205 }
206 }
207 ctab = casetab;
208 }
209
210 (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
211 st.start = tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
212 }
213
214 static void
215 getfdtype(IO *io)
216 {
217 struct stat sb;
218 int type;
219
220 if (fstat(io->fd, &sb) == -1)
221 err(1, "%s", io->name);
222 if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode))
223 io->flags |= ISTRUNC;
224 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sb.st_mode)) {
225 if (ioctl(io->fd, FIODTYPE, &type) == -1) {
226 err(1, "%s", io->name);
227 } else {
228 #ifdef __APPLE__ /* MacOSX uses enumeration for type not a bitmask */
229 if (type == D_TAPE)
230 io->flags |= ISTAPE;
231 else if (type == D_DISK || type == D_TTY) {
232 #else /* !__APPLE__ */
233 if (type & D_TAPE)
234 io->flags |= ISTAPE;
235 else if (type & (D_DISK | D_MEM)) {
236 if (type & D_DISK) {
237 const int one = 1;
238
239 (void)ioctl(io->fd, DIOCWLABEL, &one);
240 }
241 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
242 io->flags |= ISSEEK;
243 }
244 #ifdef __APPLE__
245 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type != D_TAPE))
246 #else /* !__APPLE__ */
247 if (S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode) && (type & D_TAPE) == 0)
248 #endif /* __APPLE__ */
249 io->flags |= ISCHR;
250 }
251 return;
252 }
253 errno = 0;
254 if (lseek(io->fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_CUR) == -1 && errno == ESPIPE)
255 io->flags |= ISPIPE;
256 else
257 io->flags |= ISSEEK;
258 }
259
260 static void
261 dd_in(void)
262 {
263 ssize_t n;
264
265 for (;;) {
266 switch (cpy_cnt) {
267 case -1: /* count=0 was specified */
268 return;
269 case 0:
270 break;
271 default:
272 if (st.in_full + st.in_part >= (u_quad_t)cpy_cnt)
273 return;
274 break;
275 }
276
277 /*
278 * Zero the buffer first if sync; if doing block operations,
279 * use spaces.
280 */
281 if (ddflags & C_SYNC) {
282 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
283 memset(in.dbp, ' ', in.dbsz);
284 else
285 memset(in.dbp, 0, in.dbsz);
286 }
287
288 n = read(in.fd, in.dbp, in.dbsz);
289 if (n == 0) {
290 in.dbrcnt = 0;
291 return;
292 }
293
294 /* Read error. */
295 if (n == -1) {
296 /*
297 * If noerror not specified, die. POSIX requires that
298 * the warning message be followed by an I/O display.
299 */
300 if (!(ddflags & C_NOERROR))
301 err(1, "%s", in.name);
302 warn("%s", in.name);
303 summary();
304
305 /*
306 * If it's a seekable file descriptor, seek past the
307 * error. If your OS doesn't do the right thing for
308 * raw disks this section should be modified to re-read
309 * in sector size chunks.
310 */
311 if (in.flags & ISSEEK &&
312 lseek(in.fd, (off_t)in.dbsz, SEEK_CUR))
313 warn("%s", in.name);
314
315 /* If sync not specified, omit block and continue. */
316 if (!(ddflags & C_SYNC))
317 continue;
318
319 /* Read errors count as full blocks. */
320 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
321 ++st.in_full;
322
323 /* Handle full input blocks. */
324 } else if ((size_t)n == in.dbsz) {
325 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
326 ++st.in_full;
327
328 /* Handle partial input blocks. */
329 } else {
330 /* If sync, use the entire block. */
331 if (ddflags & C_SYNC)
332 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = in.dbsz;
333 else
334 in.dbcnt += in.dbrcnt = n;
335 ++st.in_part;
336 }
337
338 /*
339 * POSIX states that if bs is set and no other conversions
340 * than noerror, notrunc or sync are specified, the block
341 * is output without buffering as it is read.
342 */
343 if (ddflags & C_BS) {
344 out.dbcnt = in.dbcnt;
345 dd_out(1);
346 in.dbcnt = 0;
347 continue;
348 }
349
350 if (ddflags & C_SWAB) {
351 if ((n = in.dbrcnt) & 1) {
352 ++st.swab;
353 --n;
354 }
355 swab(in.dbp, in.dbp, (size_t)n);
356 }
357
358 in.dbp += in.dbrcnt;
359 (*cfunc)();
360 }
361 }
362
363 /*
364 * Clean up any remaining I/O and flush output. If necessary, the output file
365 * is truncated.
366 */
367 static void
368 dd_close(void)
369 {
370 if (cfunc == def)
371 def_close();
372 else if (cfunc == block)
373 block_close();
374 else if (cfunc == unblock)
375 unblock_close();
376 if (ddflags & C_OSYNC && out.dbcnt && out.dbcnt < out.dbsz) {
377 if (ddflags & (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK))
378 memset(out.dbp, ' ', out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
379 else
380 memset(out.dbp, 0, out.dbsz - out.dbcnt);
381 out.dbcnt = out.dbsz;
382 }
383 if (out.dbcnt || pending)
384 dd_out(1);
385 }
386
387 void
388 dd_out(int force)
389 {
390 u_char *outp;
391 size_t cnt, i, n;
392 ssize_t nw;
393 static int warned;
394 int sparse;
395
396 /*
397 * Write one or more blocks out. The common case is writing a full
398 * output block in a single write; increment the full block stats.
399 * Otherwise, we're into partial block writes. If a partial write,
400 * and it's a character device, just warn. If a tape device, quit.
401 *
402 * The partial writes represent two cases. 1: Where the input block
403 * was less than expected so the output block was less than expected.
404 * 2: Where the input block was the right size but we were forced to
405 * write the block in multiple chunks. The original versions of dd(1)
406 * never wrote a block in more than a single write, so the latter case
407 * never happened.
408 *
409 * One special case is if we're forced to do the write -- in that case
410 * we play games with the buffer size, and it's usually a partial write.
411 */
412 outp = out.db;
413 for (n = force ? out.dbcnt : out.dbsz;; n = out.dbsz) {
414 for (cnt = n;; cnt -= nw) {
415 sparse = 0;
416 if (ddflags & C_SPARSE) {
417 sparse = 1; /* Is buffer sparse? */
418 for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++)
419 if (outp[i] != 0) {
420 sparse = 0;
421 break;
422 }
423 }
424 if (sparse && !force) {
425 pending += cnt;
426 nw = cnt;
427 } else {
428 if (pending != 0) {
429 if (force)
430 pending--;
431 if (lseek(out.fd, pending, SEEK_CUR) ==
432 -1)
433 err(2, "%s: seek error creating sparse file",
434 out.name);
435 if (force)
436 write(out.fd, outp, 1);
437 pending = 0;
438 }
439 if (cnt)
440 nw = write(out.fd, outp, cnt);
441 else
442 return;
443 }
444
445 if (nw <= 0) {
446 if (nw == 0)
447 errx(1, "%s: end of device", out.name);
448 if (errno != EINTR)
449 err(1, "%s", out.name);
450 nw = 0;
451 }
452 outp += nw;
453 st.bytes += nw;
454 if ((size_t)nw == n) {
455 if (n != out.dbsz)
456 ++st.out_part;
457 else
458 ++st.out_full;
459 break;
460 }
461 ++st.out_part;
462 if ((size_t)nw == cnt)
463 break;
464 if (out.flags & ISTAPE)
465 errx(1, "%s: short write on tape device",
466 out.name);
467 if (out.flags & ISCHR && !warned) {
468 warned = 1;
469 warnx("%s: short write on character device",
470 out.name);
471 }
472 }
473 if ((out.dbcnt -= n) < out.dbsz)
474 break;
475 }
476
477 /* Reassemble the output block. */
478 if (out.dbcnt)
479 (void)memmove(out.db, out.dbp - out.dbcnt, out.dbcnt);
480 out.dbp = out.db + out.dbcnt;
481 }
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