cp/cp.1

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  37 .\"     @(#)cp.1        8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
  38 .\"
  39 .Dd April 18, 1994
  40 .Dt CP 1
  41 .Os BSD 4
  42 .Sh NAME
  43 .Nm cp
  44 .Nd copy files
  45 .Sh SYNOPSIS
  46 .Nm
  47 .Oo
  48 .Fl R
  49 .Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
  50 .Oc
  51 .Op Fl f | i
  52 .Op Fl p
  53 .Ar source_file target_file
  54 .Nm cp
  55 .Oo
  56 .Fl R
  57 .Op Fl H | Fl L | Fl P
  58 .Oc
  59 .Op Fl f | i
  60 .Op Fl p
  61 .Ar source_file ... target_directory
  62 .Sh DESCRIPTION
  63 In the first synopsis form, the
  64 .Nm
  65 utility copies the contents of the
  66 .Ar source_file
  67 to the
  68 .Ar target_file .
  69 In the second synopsis form,
  70 the contents of each named
  71 .Ar source_file
  72 is copied to the destination
  73 .Ar target_directory .
  74 The names of the files themselves are not changed.
  75 If
  76 .Nm
  77 detects an attempt to copy a file to itself, the copy will fail.
  78 .Pp
  79 The following options are available:
  80 .Bl -tag -width flag
  81 .It Fl H
  82 If the
  83 .Fl R
  84 option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed.
  85 (Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.)
  86 .It Fl L
  87 If the
  88 .Fl R
  89 option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
  90 .It Fl P
  91 If the
  92 .Fl R
  93 option is specified, no symbolic links are followed.
  94 .It Fl R
  95 If
  96 .Ar source_file
  97 designates a directory,
  98 .Nm
  99 copies the directory and the entire subtree connected at that point.
 100 This option also causes symbolic links to be copied, rather than
 101 indirected through, and for
 102 .Nm
 103 to create special files rather than copying them as normal files.
 104 Created directories have the same mode as the corresponding source
 105 directory, unmodified by the process' umask.
 106 .It Fl f
 107 For each existing destination pathname, attempt to overwrite it. If permissions
 108 do not allow copy to succeed, remove it and create a new file, without
 109 prompting for confirmation.
 110 (The
 111 .Fl i
 112 option is ignored if the
 113 .Fl f
 114 option is specified.)
 115 .It Fl i
 116 Causes
 117 .Nm
 118 to write a prompt to the standard error output before copying a file
 119 that would overwrite an existing file.
 120 If the response from the standard input begins with the character
 121 .Sq Li y ,
 122 the file copy is attempted.
 123 .It Fl p
 124 Causes
 125 .Nm
 126 to preserve in the copy as many of the modification time, access time,
 127 file flags, file mode, user ID, and group ID as allowed by permissions.
 128 .Pp
 129 If the user ID and group ID cannot be preserved, no error message
 130 is displayed and the exit value is not altered.
 131 .Pp
 132 If the source file has its set user ID bit on and the user ID cannot
 133 be preserved, the set user ID bit is not preserved
 134 in the copy's permissions.
 135 If the source file has its set group ID bit on and the group ID cannot
 136 be preserved, the set group ID bit is not preserved
 137 in the copy's permissions.
 138 If the source file has both its set user ID and set group ID bits on,
 139 and either the user ID or group ID cannot be preserved, neither
 140 the set user ID or set group ID bits are preserved in the copy's
 141 permissions.
 142 .El
 143 .Pp
 144 For each destination file that already exists, its contents are
 145 overwritten if permissions allow, but its mode, user ID, and group
 146 ID are unchanged.
 147 .Pp
 148 In the second synopsis form,
 149 .Ar target_directory
 150 must exist unless there is only one named
 151 .Ar source_file
 152 which is a directory and the
 153 .Fl R
 154 flag is specified.
 155 .Pp
 156 If the destination file does not exist, the mode of the source file is
 157 used as modified by the file mode creation mask
 158 .Pf ( Ic umask ,
 159 see
 160 .Xr csh 1 ) .
 161 If the source file has its set user ID bit on, that bit is removed
 162 unless both the source file and the destination file are owned by the
 163 same user.
 164 If the source file has its set group ID bit on, that bit is removed
 165 unless both the source file and the destination file are in the same
 166 group and the user is a member of that group.
 167 If both the set user ID and set group ID bits are set, all of the above
 168 conditions must be fulfilled or both bits are removed.
 169 .Pp
 170 Appropriate permissions are required for file creation or overwriting.
 171 .Pp
 172 Symbolic links are always followed unless the
 173 .Fl R
 174 flag is set, in which case symbolic links are not followed, by default.
 175 The
 176 .Fl H
 177 or
 178 .Fl L
 179 flags (in conjunction with the
 180 .Fl R
 181 flag) cause symbolic links to be followed as described above.
 182 The
 183 .Fl H ,
 184 .Fl L
 185 and
 186 .Fl P
 187 options are ignored unless the
 188 .Fl R
 189 option is specified.
 190 In addition, these options override each other and the
 191 command's actions are determined by the last one specified.
 192 .Pp
 193 .Nm
 194 exits 0 on success, >0 if an error occurred.
 195 .Sh COMPATIBILITY
 196 Historic versions of the
 197 .Nm
 198 utility had a
 199 .Fl r
 200 option.
 201 This implementation supports that option, however, its use is strongly
 202 discouraged, as it does not correctly copy special files, symbolic links
 203 or fifo's.
 204 .Sh SEE ALSO
 205 .Xr mv 1 ,
 206 .Xr rcp 1 ,
 207 .Xr umask 2 ,
 208 .Xr fts 3 ,
 209 .Xr symlink 7
 210 .Sh STANDARDS
 211 The
 212 .Nm
 213 utility is expected to be
 214 .St -p1003.2
 215 compatible.