X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/wxWidgets.git/blobdiff_plain/d2c2afc91be4bdb6e036516785f334ddb54afa0c..65baafba0e8cd74f2264b7e2f7625ff5bea84864:/docs/latex/wx/body.tex diff --git a/docs/latex/wx/body.tex b/docs/latex/wx/body.tex index ff19f00bca..aa983ac361 100644 --- a/docs/latex/wx/body.tex +++ b/docs/latex/wx/body.tex @@ -3,29 +3,29 @@ \setheader{{\it CHAPTER \thechapter}}{}{}{}{}{{\it CHAPTER \thechapter}}% \setfooter{\thepage}{}{}{}{}{\thepage}% -\section{What is wxWindows?} +\section{What is wxWidgets?}\label{whatis} -wxWindows is a C++ framework providing GUI (Graphical User +wxWidgets is a C++ framework providing GUI (Graphical User Interface) and other facilities on more than one platform. Version 2 currently supports all desktop versions of MS Windows, Unix with GTK+, Unix with Motif, and MacOS. An OS/2 port is in progress. -wxWindows was originally developed at the Artificial Intelligence +wxWidgets was originally developed at the Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute, University of Edinburgh, for internal use, and was first made publicly available in 1992. Version 2 is a vastly improved version written and maintained by Julian Smart, Robert Roebling, Vadim Zeitlin, Vaclav Slavik and many others. This manual contains a class reference and topic overviews. -For a selection of wxWindows tutorials, please see the documentation page on the \urlref{wxWindows web site}{http://www.wxwindows.org}. +For a selection of wxWidgets tutorials, please see the documentation page on the \urlref{wxWidgets web site}{http://www.wxwidgets.org}. Please note that in the following, ``MS Windows" often refers to all platforms related to Microsoft Windows, including 16-bit and 32-bit variants, unless otherwise stated. All trademarks are acknowledged. -\section{Why another cross-platform development tool?} +\section{Why another cross-platform development tool?}\label{why} -wxWindows was developed to provide a cheap and flexible way to maximize +wxWidgets was developed to provide a cheap and flexible way to maximize investment in GUI application development. While a number of commercial class libraries already existed for cross-platform development, none met all of the following criteria: @@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ none met all of the following criteria: \item support for a wide range of compilers. \end{enumerate} -Since wxWindows was started, several other free or almost-free +Since wxWidgets was started, several other free or almost-free GUI frameworks have emerged. However, none has the range of features, flexibility, documentation and the well-established -development team that wxWindows has. +development team that wxWidgets has. -As open source software, wxWindows has benefited from comments, +As open source software, wxWidgets has benefited from comments, ideas, bug fixes, enhancements and the sheer enthusiasm of -users. This gives wxWindows a certain advantage over its +users. This gives wxWidgets a certain advantage over its commercial competitors (and over free libraries without an independent development team), plus a robustness against the transience of one individual or company. This openness and @@ -61,19 +61,19 @@ The importance of using a platform-independent class library cannot be overstated, since GUI application development is very time-consuming, and sustained popularity of particular GUIs cannot be guaranteed. Code can very quickly become obsolete if -it addresses the wrong platform or audience. wxWindows helps to +it addresses the wrong platform or audience. wxWidgets helps to insulate the programmer from these winds of change. Although -wxWindows may not be suitable for every application (such as an +wxWidgets may not be suitable for every application (such as an OLE-intensive program), it provides access to most of the functionality a GUI program normally requires, plus many extras such as network programming, PostScript output, and HTML rendering; and it can of course be extended as needs dictate. As a bonus, it provides a far cleaner and easier programming interface than the native APIs. Programmers may find it -worthwhile to use wxWindows even if they are developing on only +worthwhile to use wxWidgets even if they are developing on only one platform. -It is impossible to sum up the functionality of wxWindows in a few paragraphs, but +It is impossible to sum up the functionality of wxWidgets in a few paragraphs, but here are some of the benefits: \begin{itemize}\itemsep=0pt @@ -134,18 +134,20 @@ Additions and changes: \end{itemize} \end{comment} -\section{wxWindows requirements}\label{requirements} +\section{wxWidgets requirements}\label{requirements} -To make use of wxWindows, you currently need one of the following setups. +To make use of wxWidgets, you currently need one of the following setups. (a) MS-Windows: \begin{enumerate}\itemsep=0pt -\item A 486 or higher PC running MS Windows. -\item A Windows compiler: most are supported, but please see {\tt install.txt} for -details. Supported compilers include Microsoft Visual C++ 4.0 or higher, Borland C++, Cygwin, -MinGW, Metrowerks CodeWarrior. -\item At least 60 MB of disk space. +\item A 32-bit or 64-bit PC running MS Windows. +\item A Windows compiler: MS Visual C++ (embedded Visual C++ for wxWinCE +port), Borland C++, Watcom C++, Cygwin, MinGW, Metrowerks CodeWarrior, +Digital Mars C++. See {\tt install.txt} for details about compiler +version supported. +\item At least 100 MB of disk space for source tree and additional space for +libraries and application building (depends on compiler and build settings). \end{enumerate} (b) Unix: @@ -154,7 +156,8 @@ MinGW, Metrowerks CodeWarrior. \item Almost any C++ compiler, including GNU C++ (EGCS 1.1.1 or above). \item Almost any Unix workstation, and one of: GTK+ 1.2, GTK+ 2.0, Motif 1.2 or higher, Lesstif. If using the wxX11 port, no such widget set is required. -\item At least 60 MB of disk space. +\item At least 100 MB of disk space for source tree and additional space for +libraries and application building (depends on compiler and build settings). \end{enumerate} (c) Mac OS/Mac OS X: @@ -162,36 +165,49 @@ If using the wxX11 port, no such widget set is required. \begin{enumerate}\itemsep=0pt \item A PowerPC Mac running Mac OS 8.6/9.x (eg. Classic) or Mac OS X 10.x. \item CodeWarrior 5.3, 6 or 7 for Classic Mac OS. -\item The Apple Developer Tools (eg. GNU C++) or CodeWarrior 7 for Mac OS X. -\item At least 60 MB of disk space. +\item The Apple Developer Tools (eg. GNU C++), CodeWarrior 7 or above for Mac OS X. +\item At least 100 MB of disk space for source tree and additional space for +libraries and application building (depends on compiler and build settings). \end{enumerate} -\section{Availability and location of wxWindows} +\section{Availability and location of wxWidgets}\label{where} -\winhelponly{wxWindows is available by anonymous FTP and World Wide Web -from ftp://biolpc22.york.ac.uk/pub and/or http://www.wxwindows.org.} -\winhelpignore{wxWindows is available by anonymous FTP and World Wide Web +\winhelponly{wxWidgets is available by anonymous FTP and World Wide Web +from ftp://biolpc22.york.ac.uk/pub and/or http://www.wxwidgets.org.} +\winhelpignore{wxWidgets is available by anonymous FTP and World Wide Web from \urlref{ftp://biolpc22.york.ac.uk/pub}{ftp://biolpc22.york.ac.uk/pub} -and/or \urlref{http://www.wxwindows.org}{http://www.wxwindows.org}.} +and/or \urlref{http://www.wxwidgets.org}{http://www.wxwidgets.org}.} You can also buy a CD-ROM using the form on the Web site. -\section{Acknowledgements} +\section{Acknowledgements}\label{acknowledgements} Thanks are due to AIAI for being willing to release the original version of -wxWindows into the public domain, and to our patient partners. +wxWidgets into the public domain, and to our patient partners. -We would particularly like to thank the following for their contributions to wxWindows, and the many others who have been involved in +We would particularly like to thank the following for their contributions to wxWidgets, and the many others who have been involved in the project over the years. Apologies for any unintentional omissions from this list. -Yiorgos Adamopoulos, Jamshid Afshar, Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra, AIAI, Patrick Albert, Karsten Ballueder, Michael Bedward, Kai Bendorf, Yura Bidus, Keith -Gary Boyce, Chris Breeze, Pete Britton, Ian Brown, C. Buckley, Dmitri Chubraev, Robin Corbet, Cecil Coupe, Andrew Davison, Neil Dudman, Robin -Dunn, Hermann Dunkel, Jos van Eijndhoven, Tom Felici, Thomas Fettig, Matthew Flatt, Pasquale Foggia, Josep Fortiana, Todd Fries, Dominic Gallagher, -Guillermo Rodriguez Garcia, Wolfram Gloger, Norbert Grotz, Stefan Gunter, Bill Hale, Patrick Halke, Stefan Hammes, Guillaume Helle, Harco de Hilster, Cord Hockemeyer, Markus -Holzem, Olaf Klein, Leif Jensen, Bart Jourquin, Guilhem Lavaux, Jan Lessner, Nicholas Liebmann, Torsten Liermann, Per Lindqvist, Thomas Runge, Tatu -M\"{a}nnist\"{o}, Scott Maxwell, Thomas Myers, Oliver Niedung, Stefan Neis, Hernan Otero, Ian Perrigo, Timothy Peters, Giordano Pezzoli, Harri Pasanen, Thomaso Paoletti, -Garrett Potts, Marcel Rasche, Robert Roebling, Dino Scaringella, Jobst Schmalenbach, Arthur Seaton, Paul Shirley, Vaclav Slavik, Stein Somers, Petr Smilauer, Neil Smith, -Kari Syst\"{a}, Arthur Tetzlaff-Deas, Jonathan Tonberg, Jyrki Tuomi, David Webster, Janos Vegh, Andrea Venturoli, Vadim Zeitlin, Xiaokun Zhu, Edward Zimmermann. +Yiorgos Adamopoulos, Jamshid Afshar, Alejandro Aguilar-Sierra, AIAI, +Patrick Albert, Karsten Ballueder, Mattia Barbon, Michael Bedward, +Kai Bendorf, Yura Bidus, Keith Gary Boyce, Chris Breeze, Pete Britton, +Ian Brown, C. Buckley, Marco Cavallini, Dmitri Chubraev, Robin Corbet, Cecil Coupe, +Stefan Csomor, Andrew Davison, Gilles Depeyrot, Neil Dudman, Robin Dunn, +Hermann Dunkel, Jos van Eijndhoven, Chris Elliott, David Elliott, Tom Felici, +Thomas Fettig, Matthew Flatt, Pasquale Foggia, Josep Fortiana, Todd Fries, +Dominic Gallagher, Guillermo Rodriguez Garcia, Wolfram Gloger, Norbert Grotz, +Stefan Gunter, Bill Hale, Patrick Halke, Stefan Hammes, Guillaume Helle, +Harco de Hilster, Kevin Hock, Cord Hockemeyer, Markus Holzem, Olaf Klein, Leif Jensen, +Bart Jourquin, Guilhem Lavaux, Ron Lee, Jan Lessner, Nicholas Liebmann, +Torsten Liermann, Per Lindqvist, Thomas Runge, Tatu M\"{a}nnist\"{o}, +Scott Maxwell, Thomas Myers, Oliver Niedung, Stefan Neis, Ryan Norton, Hernan Otero, +Ian Perrigo, Timothy Peters, Giordano Pezzoli, Harri Pasanen, Thomaso Paoletti, +Garrett Potts, Marcel Rasche, Robert Roebling, Dino Scaringella, +Jobst Schmalenbach, Arthur Seaton, Paul Shirley, Wlodzimierz `ABX' Skiba, +Vaclav Slavik, Julian Smart, Stein Somers, Petr Smilauer, Neil Smith, +Kari Syst\"{a}, George Tasker, Arthur Tetzlaff-Deas, Jonathan Tonberg, +Jyrki Tuomi, Janos Vegh, Andrea Venturoli, David Webster, Otto Wyss, +Vadim Zeitlin, Xiaokun Zhu, Edward Zimmermann. `Graphplace', the basis for the wxGraphLayout library, is copyright Dr. Jos T.J. van Eijndhoven of Eindhoven University of Technology. The code has @@ -212,18 +228,18 @@ written prior permission. M.I.T. makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty.} -\chapter{Multi-platform development with wxWindows}\label{multiplat} +\chapter{Multi-platform development with wxWidgets}\label{multiplat} \setheader{{\it CHAPTER \thechapter}}{}{}{}{}{{\it CHAPTER \thechapter}}% \setfooter{\thepage}{}{}{}{}{\thepage}% -This chapter describes the practical details of using wxWindows. Please +This chapter describes the practical details of using wxWidgets. Please see the file install.txt for up-to-date installation instructions, and changes.txt for differences between versions. -\section{Include files} +\section{Include files}\label{includefiles} The main include file is {\tt "wx/wx.h"}; this includes the most commonly -used modules of wxWindows. +used modules of wxWidgets. To save on compilation time, include only those header files relevant to the source file. If you are using precompiled headers, you should include @@ -247,47 +263,43 @@ the following section before any other includes: The file {\tt "wx/wxprec.h"} includes {\tt "wx/wx.h"}. Although this incantation may seem quirky, it is in fact the end result of a lot of experimentation, -and several Windows compilers to use precompilation (those tested are Microsoft Visual C++, Borland C++ -and Watcom C++). +and several Windows compilers to use precompilation which is largely automatic for +compilers with necessary support. Currently it is used for Visual C++ (including +embedded Visual C++), Borland C++, Open Watcom C++, Digital Mars C++ +and newer versions of GCC. +Some compilers might need extra work from the application developer to set the +build environment up as necessary for the support. -Borland precompilation is largely automatic. Visual C++ requires specification of {\tt "wx/wxprec.h"} as -the file to use for precompilation. Watcom C++ is automatic apart from the specification of -the .pch file. Watcom C++ is strange in requiring the precompiled header to be used only for -object files compiled in the same directory as that in which the precompiled header was created. -Therefore, the wxWindows Watcom C++ makefiles go through hoops deleting and recreating -a single precompiled header file for each module, thus preventing an accumulation of many -multi-megabyte .pch files. +\section{Libraries}\label{libraries} -\section{Libraries} - -Most ports of wxWindows can create either a static library or a shared -library. wxWindows can also be built in multilib and monolithic variants. +Most ports of wxWidgets can create either a static library or a shared +library. wxWidgets can also be built in multilib and monolithic variants. See the \helpref{libraries list}{librarieslist} for more information on these. -\section{Configuration} +\section{Configuration}\label{configuration} -When using project files and makefiles directly to build wxWindows, +When using project files and makefiles directly to build wxWidgets, options are configurable in the file \rtfsp{\tt "wx/XXX/setup.h"} where XXX is the required platform (such as msw, motif, gtk, mac). Some settings are a matter of taste, some help with platform-specific problems, and others can be set to minimize the size of the library. Please see the setup.h file and {\tt install.txt} files for details on configuration. -When using the 'configure' script to configure wxWindows (on Unix and other platforms where +When using the 'configure' script to configure wxWidgets (on Unix and other platforms where configure is available), the corresponding setup.h files are generated automatically along with suitable makefiles. When using the RPM packages -for installing wxWindows on Linux, a correct setup.h is shipped in the package and +for installing wxWidgets on Linux, a correct setup.h is shipped in the package and this must not be changed. -\section{Makefiles} +\section{Makefiles}\label{makefiles} -On Microsoft Windows, wxWindows has a different set of makefiles for each +On Microsoft Windows, wxWidgets has a different set of makefiles for each compiler, because each compiler's 'make' tool is slightly different. Popular Windows compilers that we cater for, and the corresponding makefile extensions, include: Microsoft Visual C++ (.vc), Borland C++ (.bcc), OpenWatcom C++ (.wat) and MinGW/Cygwin (.gcc). Makefiles are provided -for the wxWindows library itself, samples, demos, and utilities. +for the wxWidgets library itself, samples, demos, and utilities. On Linux, Mac and OS/2, you use the 'configure' command to generate the necessary makefiles. You should also use this method when @@ -295,15 +307,15 @@ building with MinGW/Cygwin on Windows. We also provide project files for some compilers, such as Microsoft VC++. However, we recommend using makefiles -to build the wxWindows library itself, because makefiles +to build the wxWidgets library itself, because makefiles can be more powerful and less manual intervention is required. On Windows using a compiler other than MinGW/Cygwin, you would -build the wxWindows library from the build/msw directory +build the wxWidgets library from the build/msw directory which contains the relevant makefiles. On Windows using MinGW/Cygwin, and on Unix, MacOS X and OS/2, you invoke -'configure' (found in the top-level of the wxWindows source hierarchy), +'configure' (found in the top-level of the wxWidgets source hierarchy), from within a suitable empty directory for containing makefiles, object files and libraries. @@ -311,10 +323,10 @@ For details on using makefiles, configure, and project files, please see docs/xxx/install.txt in your distribution, where xxx is the platform of interest, such as msw, gtk, x11, mac. -\section{Windows-specific files} +\section{Windows-specific files}\label{windowsfiles} -wxWindows application compilation under MS Windows requires at least two -extra files, resource and module definition files. +wxWidgets application compilation under MS Windows requires at least one +extra file: a resource file. \subsection{Resource file}\label{resources} @@ -325,7 +337,7 @@ is the following statement: #include "wx/msw/wx.rc" \end{verbatim} -which includes essential internal wxWindows definitions. The resource script +which includes essential internal wxWidgets definitions. The resource script may also contain references to icons, cursors, etc., for example: \begin{verbatim} @@ -339,7 +351,7 @@ the MS Windows SDK documentation. so programs that search your executable for icons (such as the Program Manager) find your application icon first.} -\section{Allocating and deleting wxWindows objects} +\section{Allocating and deleting wxWidgets objects}\label{allocatingobjects} In general, classes derived from wxWindow must dynamically allocated with {\it new} and deleted with {\it delete}. If you delete a window, @@ -347,7 +359,7 @@ all of its children and descendants will be automatically deleted, so you don't need to delete these descendants explicitly. When deleting a frame or dialog, use {\bf Destroy} rather than {\bf delete} so -that the wxWindows delayed deletion can take effect. This waits until idle time +that the wxWidgets delayed deletion can take effect. This waits until idle time (when all messages have been processed) to actually delete the window, to avoid problems associated with the GUI sending events to deleted windows. @@ -355,8 +367,8 @@ Don't create a window on the stack, because this will interfere with delayed deletion. If you decide to allocate a C++ array of objects (such as wxBitmap) that may -be cleaned up by wxWindows, make sure you delete the array explicitly -before wxWindows has a chance to do so on exit, since calling {\it delete} on +be cleaned up by wxWidgets, make sure you delete the array explicitly +before wxWidgets has a chance to do so on exit, since calling {\it delete} on array members will cause memory problems. wxColour can be created statically: it is not automatically cleaned @@ -369,13 +381,13 @@ make calls like wxDC::SetPen(wxNullPen) or wxDC::SelectObject(wxNullBitmap) befo a drawing object that may be in use. Code that doesn't do this will probably work fine on some platforms, and then fail under Windows. -\section{Architecture dependency} +\section{Architecture dependency}\label{architecturedependency} A problem which sometimes arises from writing multi-platform programs is that the basic C types are not defined the same on all platforms. This holds true for both the length in bits of the standard types (such as int and long) as well as their byte order, which might be little endian (typically -on Intel computers) or big endian (typically on some Unix workstations). wxWindows +on Intel computers) or big endian (typically on some Unix workstations). wxWidgets defines types and macros that make it easy to write architecture independent code. The types are: @@ -389,30 +401,30 @@ as well). The macros handling bit-swapping with respect to the applications endianness are described in the \helpref{Byte order macros}{byteordermacros} section. -\section{Conditional compilation} +\section{Conditional compilation}\label{conditionalcompilation} -One of the purposes of wxWindows is to reduce the need for conditional +One of the purposes of wxWidgets is to reduce the need for conditional compilation in source code, which can be messy and confusing to follow. However, sometimes it is necessary to incorporate platform-specific features (such as metafile use under MS Windows). The symbols listed in the file {\tt symbols.txt} may be used for this purpose, along with any user-supplied ones. -\section{C++ issues} +\section{C++ issues}\label{cpp} The following documents some miscellaneous C++ issues. -\subsection{Templates} +\subsection{Templates}\label{templates} -wxWindows does not use templates (except for some advanced features that +wxWidgets does not use templates (except for some advanced features that are switched off by default) since it is a notoriously unportable feature. -\subsection{RTTI} +\subsection{RTTI}\label{rtti} -wxWindows does not use C++ run-time type information since wxWindows provides +wxWidgets does not use C++ run-time type information since wxWidgets provides its own run-time type information system, implemented using macros. -\subsection{Type of NULL} +\subsection{Type of NULL}\label{null} Some compilers (e.g. the native IRIX cc) define NULL to be 0L so that no conversion to pointers is allowed. Because of that, all these @@ -425,16 +437,16 @@ as \end{verbatim} }% -It is recommended to adhere to this in all code using wxWindows as +It is recommended to adhere to this in all code using wxWidgets as this make the code (a bit) more portable. -\subsection{Precompiled headers} +\subsection{Precompiled headers}\label{precompiledheaders} Some compilers, such as Borland C++ and Microsoft C++, support precompiled headers. This can save a great deal of compiling time. The recommended approach is to precompile {\tt "wx.h"}, using this -precompiled header for compiling both wxWindows itself and any -wxWindows applications. For Windows compilers, two dummy source files +precompiled header for compiling both wxWidgets itself and any +wxWidgets applications. For Windows compilers, two dummy source files are provided (one for normal applications and one for creating DLLs) to allow initial creation of the precompiled header. @@ -442,7 +454,7 @@ However, there are several downsides to using precompiled headers. One is that to take advantage of the facility, you often need to include more header files than would normally be the case. This means that changing a header file will cause more recompilations (in the case of -wxWindows, everything needs to be recompiled since everything includes {\tt "wx.h"}!) +wxWidgets, everything needs to be recompiled since everything includes {\tt "wx.h"}!) A related problem is that for compilers that don't have precompiled headers, including a lot of header files slows down compilation @@ -454,7 +466,7 @@ the optimal compilation for each compiler, although it is biased towards the precompiled headers facility available in Microsoft C++. -\section{File handling} +\section{File handling}\label{filehandling} When building an application which may be used under different environments, one difficulty is coping with documents which may be @@ -484,33 +496,33 @@ dos2unix). See also the File Functions section of the reference manual for descriptions of miscellaneous file handling functions. -\chapter{Utilities and libraries supplied with wxWindows}\label{utilities} +\chapter{Utilities and libraries supplied with wxWidgets}\label{utilities} \setheader{{\it CHAPTER \thechapter}}{}{}{}{}{{\it CHAPTER \thechapter}}% \setfooter{\thepage}{}{}{}{}{\thepage}% -In addition to the core wxWindows library, a number of further +In addition to the core wxWidgets library, a number of further libraries and utilities are supplied with each distribution. Some are under the 'contrib' hierarchy which mirrors the -structure of the main wxWindows hierarchy. See also the 'utils' +structure of the main wxWidgets hierarchy. See also the 'utils' hierarchy. The first place to look for documentation about -these tools and libraries is under the wxWindows 'docs' hierarchy, +these tools and libraries is under the wxWidgets 'docs' hierarchy, for example {\tt docs/htmlhelp/fl.chm}. For other user-contributed packages, please see the Contributions page -on the \urlref{wxWindows Web site}{http://www.wxwindows.org}. +on the \urlref{wxWidgets Web site}{http://www.wxwidgets.org}. \begin{description}\itemsep=0pt \item[{\bf Helpview}] -Helpview is a program for displaying wxWindows HTML -Help files. In many cases, you may wish to use the wxWindows HTML +Helpview is a program for displaying wxWidgets HTML +Help files. In many cases, you may wish to use the wxWidgets HTML Help classes from within your application, but this provides a handy stand-alone viewer. See \helpref{wxHTML Notes}{wxhtml} for more details. You can find it in {\tt samples/html/helpview}. \item[{\bf Tex2RTF}] -Supplied with wxWindows is a utility called Tex2RTF for converting\rtfsp +Supplied with wxWidgets is a utility called Tex2RTF for converting\rtfsp \LaTeX\ manuals HTML, MS HTML Help, wxHTML Help, RTF, and Windows -Help RTF formats. Tex2RTF is used for the wxWindows manuals and can be used independently +Help RTF formats. Tex2RTF is used for the wxWidgets manuals and can be used independently by authors wishing to create on-line and printed manuals from the same\rtfsp \LaTeX\ source. Please see the separate documentation for Tex2RTF. You can find it under {\tt utils/tex2rtf}. @@ -524,8 +536,8 @@ Xnest-based display emulator for X11-based PDA applications. On some systems, the Xnest window does not synchronise with the 'skin' window. This program can be found in {\tt utils/emulator}. \item[{\bf Configuration Tool}] -The wxWindows Configuration Tool is a work in progress -intended to make it easier to configure wxWindows +The wxWidgets Configuration Tool is a work in progress +intended to make it easier to configure wxWidgets features in detail. It exports setup.h configurations and will eventually generate makefile config files. Invoking compilers is also on the cards. Since configurations are @@ -534,8 +546,8 @@ development can be done. The program can be found in {\tt utils/configtool}. \item[{\bf XRC resource system}] This is the sizer-aware resource system, and uses XML-based resource specifications that can be generated by tools -such as \urlref{wxDesigner}{http://www.roebling.de} and XRC's own wxrcedit. -You can find this in {\tt contrib/src/xrc}, {\tt contrib/include/wx/xrc}, {\tt contrib/samples/xrc}, and {\tt contrib/utils/wxrcedit}. +such as \urlref{wxDesigner}{http://www.roebling.de}. +You can find this in {\tt src/xrc}, {\tt include/wx/xrc}, {\tt samples/xrc}. For more information, see the \helpref{XML-based resource system overview}{xrcoverview}. \item[{\bf Object Graphics Library}] OGL defines an API for applications that need to display objects connected by lines. @@ -572,21 +584,21 @@ You can find this in {\tt contrib/src/plot}, {\tt contrib/include/wx/plot}, and \setfooter{\thepage}{}{}{}{}{\thepage}% This chapter is intended to list strategies that may be useful when -writing and debugging wxWindows programs. If you have any good tips, +writing and debugging wxWidgets programs. If you have any good tips, please submit them for inclusion here. -\section{Strategies for reducing programming errors} +\section{Strategies for reducing programming errors}\label{reducingerrors} -\subsection{Use ASSERT} +\subsection{Use ASSERT}\label{useassert} -Although I haven't done this myself within wxWindows, it is good +Although I haven't done this myself within wxWidgets, it is good practice to use ASSERT statements liberally, that check for conditions that should or should not hold, and print out appropriate error messages. -These can be compiled out of a non-debugging version of wxWindows +These can be compiled out of a non-debugging version of wxWidgets and your application. Using ASSERT is an example of `defensive programming': it can alert you to problems later on. -\subsection{Use wxString in preference to character arrays} +\subsection{Use wxString in preference to character arrays}\label{usewxstring} Using wxString can be much safer and more convenient than using char *. Again, I haven't practiced what I'm preaching, but I'm now trying to use @@ -598,26 +610,26 @@ manipulation (which means less code). The same goes for other data types: use classes wherever possible. -\section{Strategies for portability} +\section{Strategies for portability}\label{portability} -\subsection{Use relative positioning or constraints} +\subsection{Use relative positioning or constraints}\label{userelativepositioning} Don't use absolute panel item positioning if you can avoid it. Different GUIs have very differently sized panel items. Consider using the constraint system, although this can be complex to program. -Alternatively, you could use alternative .wrc (wxWindows resource files) on different +Alternatively, you could use alternative .wrc (wxWidgets resource files) on different platforms, with slightly different dimensions in each. Or space your panel items out to avoid problems. -\subsection{Use wxWindows resource files} +\subsection{Use wxWidgets resource files}\label{useresources} -Use .xrc (wxWindows resource files) where possible, because they can be easily changed +Use .xrc (wxWidgets resource files) where possible, because they can be easily changed independently of source code. \section{Strategies for debugging}\label{debugstrategies} -\subsection{Positive thinking} +\subsection{Positive thinking}\label{positivethinking} It is common to blow up the problem in one's imagination, so that it seems to threaten weeks, months or even years of work. The problem you face may seem insurmountable: @@ -631,7 +643,7 @@ you will probably wonder why you worried so much. That's not to say it isn't painful at the time. Try not to worry -- there are many more important things in life. -\subsection{Simplify the problem} +\subsection{Simplify the problem}\label{simplifyproblem} Reduce the code exhibiting the problem to the smallest program possible that exhibits the problem. If it is not possible to reduce a large and @@ -644,14 +656,14 @@ to go from functioning to non-functioning state. This should give a clue to the problem. In some cases though, such as memory leaks or wrong deallocation, this can still give totally spurious results! -\subsection{Use a debugger} +\subsection{Use a debugger}\label{usedebugger} This sounds like facetious advice, but it is surprising how often people don't use a debugger. Often it is an overhead to install or learn how to use a debugger, but it really is essential for anything but the most trivial programs. -\subsection{Use logging functions} +\subsection{Use logging functions}\label{uselogging} There is a variety of logging functions that you can use in your program: see \helpref{Logging functions}{logfunctions}. @@ -660,11 +672,11 @@ Using tracing statements may be more convenient than using the debugger in some circumstances (such as when your debugger doesn't support a lot of debugging code, or you wish to print a bunch of variables). -\subsection{Use the wxWindows debugging facilities} +\subsection{Use the wxWidgets debugging facilities}\label{usedebuggingfacilities} You can use wxDebugContext to check for -memory leaks and corrupt memory: in fact in debugging mode, wxWindows will -automatically check for memory leaks at the end of the program if wxWindows is suitably +memory leaks and corrupt memory: in fact in debugging mode, wxWidgets will +automatically check for memory leaks at the end of the program if wxWidgets is suitably configured. Depending on the operating system and compiler, more or less specific information about the problem will be logged.