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+ + +

Making the Initial PO File

+ + + +

Invoking the xgettext Program

+ + +
+xgettext [option] inputfile ...
+
+ +
+ +
`-a' +
+
`--extract-all' +
+Extract all strings. + +
`-c [tag]' +
+
`--add-comments[=tag]' +
+Place comment block with tag (or those preceding keyword lines) +in output file. + +
`-C' +
+
`--c++' +
+Recognize C++ style comments. + +
`--debug' +
+Use the flags c-format and possible-c-format to show who was +responsible for marking a message as a format string. The later form is +used if the xgettext program decided, the format form is used if +the programmer prescribed it. + +By default only the c-format form is used. The translator should +not have to care about these details. + +
`-d name' +
+
`--default-domain=name' +
+Use `name.po' for output (instead of `messages.po'). + +The special domain name `-' or `/dev/stdout' means to write +the output to `stdout'. + +
`-D directory' +
+
`--directory=directory' +
+Change to directory before beginning to search and scan source +files. The resulting `.po' file will be written relative to the +original directory, though. + +
`-f file' +
+
`--files-from=file' +
+Read the names of the input files from file instead of getting +them from the command line. + +
`--force' +
+Always write output file even if no message is defined. + +
`-h' +
+
`--help' +
+Display this help and exit. + +
`-I list' +
+
`--input-path=list' +
+List of directories searched for input files. + +
`-j' +
+
`--join-existing' +
+Join messages with existing file. + +
`-k word' +
+
`--keyword[=word]' +
+Additonal keyword to be looked for (without word means not to +use default keywords). + +The default keywords, which are always looked for if not explicitly +disabled, are gettext, dgettext, dcgettext and +gettext_noop. + +
`-m [string]' +
+
`--msgstr-prefix[=string]' +
+Use string or "" as prefix for msgstr entries. + +
`-M [string]' +
+
`--msgstr-suffix[=string]' +
+Use string or "" as suffix for msgstr entries. + +
`--no-location' +
+Do not write `#: filename:line' lines. + +
`-n' +
+
`--add-location' +
+Generate `#: filename:line' lines (default). + +
`--omit-header' +
+Don't write header with `msgid ""' entry. + +This is useful for testing purposes because it eliminates a source +of variance for generated .gmo files. We can ship some of +these files in the GNU gettext package, and the result of +regenerating them through msgfmt should yield the same values. + +
`-p dir' +
+
`--output-dir=dir' +
+Output files will be placed in directory dir. + +
`-s' +
+
`--sort-output' +
+Generate sorted output and remove duplicates. + +
`--strict' +
+Write out strict Uniforum conforming PO file. + +
`-v' +
+
`--version' +
+Output version information and exit. + +
`-x file' +
+
`--exclude-file=file' +
+Entries from file are not extracted. + +
+ +

+Search path for supplementary PO files is: +`/usr/local/share/nls/src/'. + +

+

+If inputfile is `-', standard input is read. + +

+

+This implementation of xgettext is able to process a few awkward +cases, like strings in preprocessor macros, ANSI concatenation of +adjacent strings, and escaped end of lines for continued strings. + +

+ + +

C Sources Context

+ +

+PO mode is particularily powerful when used with PO files +created through GNU gettext utilities, as those utilities +insert special comments in the PO files they generate. +Some of these special comments relate the PO file entry to +exactly where the untranslated string appears in the program sources. + +

+

+When the translator gets to an untranslated entry, she is fairly +often faced with an original string which is not as informative as +it normally should be, being succinct, cryptic, or otherwise ambiguous. +Before chosing how to translate the string, she needs to understand +better what the string really means and how tight the translation has +to be. Most of times, when problems arise, the only way left to make +her judgment is looking at the true program sources from where this +string originated, searching for surrounding comments the programmer +might have put in there, and looking around for helping clues of +any kind. + +

+

+Surely, when looking at program sources, the translator will receive +more help if she is a fluent programmer. However, even if she is +not versed in programming and feels a little lost in C code, the +translator should not be shy at taking a look, once in a while. +It is most probable that she will still be able to find some of the +hints she needs. She will learn quickly to not feel uncomfortable +in program code, paying more attention to programmer's comments, +variable and function names (if he dared chosing them well), and +overall organization, than to programmation itself. + +

+

+The following commands are meant to help the translator at getting +program source context for a PO file entry. + +

+
+ +
s +
+Resume the display of a program source context, or cycle through them. + +
M-s +
+Display of a program source context selected by menu. + +
S +
+Add a directory to the search path for source files. + +
M-S +
+Delete a directory from the search path for source files. + +
+ +

+The commands s (po-cycle-reference) and M-s +(po-select-source-reference) both open another window displaying +some source program file, and already positioned in such a way that +it shows an actual use of the string to be translated. By doing +so, the command gives source program context for the string. But if +the entry has no source context references, or if all references +are unresolved along the search path for program sources, then the +command diagnoses this as an error. + +

+

+Even if s (or M-s) opens a new window, the cursor stays +in the PO file window. If the translator really wants to +get into the program source window, she ought to do it explicitly, +maybe by using command O. + +

+

+When s is typed for the first time, or for a PO file entry which +is different of the last one used for getting source context, then the +command reacts by giving the first context available for this entry, +if any. If some context has already been recently displayed for the +current PO file entry, and the translator wandered off to do other +things, typing s again will merely resume, in another window, +the context last displayed. In particular, if the translator moved +the cursor away from the context in the source file, the command will +bring the cursor back to the context. By using s many times +in a row, with no other commands intervening, PO mode will cycle to +the next available contexts for this particular entry, getting back +to the first context once the last has been shown. + +

+

+The command M-s behaves differently. Instead of cycling through +references, it lets the translator choose of particular reference among +many, and displays that reference. It is best used with completion, +if the translator types TAB immediately after M-s, in +response to the question, she will be offered a menu of all possible +references, as a reminder of which are the acceptable answers. +This command is useful only where there are really many contexts +available for a single string to translate. + +

+

+Program source files are usually found relative to where the PO +file stands. As a special provision, when this fails, the file is +also looked for, but relative to the directory immediately above it. +Those two cases take proper care of most PO files. However, it might +happen that a PO file has been moved, or is edited in a different +place than its normal location. When this happens, the translator +should tell PO mode in which directory normally sits the genuine PO +file. Many such directories may be specified, and all together, they +constitute what is called the search path for program sources. +The command S (po-consider-source-path) is used to interactively +enter a new directory at the front of the search path, and the command +M-S (po-ignore-source-path) is used to select, with completion, +one of the directories she does not want anymore on the search path. + +

+ + +

Using Translation Compendiums

+ +

+Compendiums are yet to be implemented. + +

+

+An incoming PO mode feature will let the translator maintain a +compendium of already achieved translations. A compendium +is a special PO file containing a set of translations recurring in +many different packages. The translator will be given commands for +adding entries to her compendium, and later initializing untranslated +entries, or updating already translated entries, from translations +kept in the compendium. For this to work, however, the compendium +would have to be normalized. See section Normalizing Strings in Entries. + +

+ +

+

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