X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/wxWidgets.git/blobdiff_plain/7d56fb8fcdb469bdef549319b2d81ab4b02b5a67..5e0ebb716a29a8240bb855e8a01c99379d03e666:/samples/scroll/scroll.cpp diff --git a/samples/scroll/scroll.cpp b/samples/scroll/scroll.cpp index bb4006f44c..1275d544f5 100644 --- a/samples/scroll/scroll.cpp +++ b/samples/scroll/scroll.cpp @@ -1,11 +1,13 @@ -/* - * Program: scroll - * - * Author: Robert Roebling - * - * Copyright: (C) 1998, Robert Roebling - * - */ +///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// +// Name: scroll.cpp +// Purpose: wxScrolledWindow sample +// Author: Robert Roebling +// Modified by: +// Created: +// RCS-ID: $Id$ +// Copyright: (C) 1998 Robert Roebling, 2002 Ron Lee, 2003 Matt Gregory +// Licence: wxWindows license +///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // For compilers that support precompilation, includes "wx/wx.h". #include "wx/wxprec.h" @@ -23,6 +25,104 @@ #include "wx/sizer.h" #include "wx/log.h" +const long ID_QUIT = wxID_EXIT; +const long ID_ABOUT = wxID_ABOUT; +const long ID_DELETE_ALL = 100; +const long ID_INSERT_NEW = 101; + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +// a trivial example +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +class MySimpleFrame; +class MySimpleCanvas; + +// MySimpleCanvas + +class MySimpleCanvas: public wxScrolledWindow +{ +public: + MySimpleCanvas() { } + MySimpleCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size ); + + void OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &event ); + +private: + DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyCanvas) + DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE() +}; + +IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MySimpleCanvas, wxScrolledWindow) + +BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MySimpleCanvas, wxScrolledWindow) + EVT_PAINT( MySimpleCanvas::OnPaint) +END_EVENT_TABLE() + +MySimpleCanvas::MySimpleCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, + const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size ) + : wxScrolledWindow( parent, id, pos, size, wxSUNKEN_BORDER, _T("test canvas") ) +{ + SetScrollRate( 10, 10 ); + SetVirtualSize( 92, 97 ); + SetBackgroundColour( *wxWHITE ); +} + +void MySimpleCanvas::OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) +{ + wxPaintDC dc(this); + PrepareDC( dc ); + + dc.SetPen( *wxRED_PEN ); + dc.SetBrush( *wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH ); + dc.DrawRectangle( 0,0,92,97 ); +} + +// MySimpleFrame + +class MySimpleFrame: public wxFrame +{ +public: + MySimpleFrame(); + + void OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &event ); + + MySimpleCanvas *m_canvas; + +private: + DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MySimpleFrame) + DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE() +}; + + +IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS( MySimpleFrame, wxFrame ) + +BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MySimpleFrame,wxFrame) + EVT_MENU (ID_QUIT, MySimpleFrame::OnQuit) +END_EVENT_TABLE() + +MySimpleFrame::MySimpleFrame() + : wxFrame( (wxFrame *)NULL, wxID_ANY, _T("wxScrolledWindow sample"), + wxPoint(120,120), wxSize(150,150) ) +{ + wxMenu *file_menu = new wxMenu(); + file_menu->Append( ID_QUIT, _T("E&xit\tAlt-X")); + + wxMenuBar *menu_bar = new wxMenuBar(); + menu_bar->Append(file_menu, _T("&File")); + + SetMenuBar( menu_bar ); + + m_canvas = new MySimpleCanvas( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(0,0), wxSize(100,100) ); +} + +void MySimpleFrame::OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) +{ + Close( true ); +} + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +// a complex example +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- // derived classes @@ -34,17 +134,17 @@ class MyApp; class MyCanvas: public wxScrolledWindow { public: - MyCanvas() {}; + MyCanvas() {} MyCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size ); - ~MyCanvas(); + ~MyCanvas(){}; void OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &event ); void OnQueryPosition( wxCommandEvent &event ); void OnAddButton( wxCommandEvent &event ); void OnDeleteButton( wxCommandEvent &event ); void OnMoveButton( wxCommandEvent &event ); void OnScrollWin( wxCommandEvent &event ); - void OnMouseDown( wxMouseEvent &event ); - void OnScroll( wxScrollWinEvent &event ); + void OnMouseRightDown( wxMouseEvent &event ); + void OnMouseWheel( wxMouseEvent &event ); wxButton *m_button; @@ -52,7 +152,136 @@ public: DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE() }; + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Autoscrolling example. +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +// this class uses the 'virtual' size attribute along with an internal +// sizer to automatically set up scrollbars as needed + +class MyAutoScrollWindow : public wxScrolledWindow +{ +private: + + wxButton *m_button; + +public: + + MyAutoScrollWindow( wxWindow *parent ); + + void OnResizeClick( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED( event ) ); + + DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE() +}; + + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// MyScrolledWindow classes: examples of wxScrolledWindow usage +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +// base class for both of them +class MyScrolledWindowBase : public wxScrolledWindow +{ +public: + MyScrolledWindowBase(wxWindow *parent) + : wxScrolledWindow(parent) + , m_nLines( 100 ) + { + wxClientDC dc(this); + dc.GetTextExtent(_T("Line 17"), NULL, &m_hLine); + } + +protected: + // the height of one line on screen + wxCoord m_hLine; + + // the number of lines we draw + size_t m_nLines; +}; + +// this class does "stupid" redrawing - it redraws everything each time +// and sets the scrollbar extent directly. + +class MyScrolledWindowDumb : public MyScrolledWindowBase +{ +public: + MyScrolledWindowDumb(wxWindow *parent) : MyScrolledWindowBase(parent) + { + // no horz scrolling + SetScrollbars(0, m_hLine, 0, m_nLines + 1, 0, 0, true /* no refresh */); + } + + virtual void OnDraw(wxDC& dc); +}; + +// this class does "smart" redrawing - only redraws the lines which must be +// redrawn and sets the scroll rate and virtual size to affect the +// scrollbars. +// +// Note that this class should produce identical results to the one above. + +class MyScrolledWindowSmart : public MyScrolledWindowBase +{ +public: + MyScrolledWindowSmart(wxWindow *parent) : MyScrolledWindowBase(parent) + { + // no horz scrolling + SetScrollRate( 0, m_hLine ); + SetVirtualSize( wxDefaultCoord, ( m_nLines + 1 ) * m_hLine ); + } + + virtual void OnDraw(wxDC& dc); +}; + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow: implements a text viewer with simple blocksize +// selection to test auto-scrolling functionality +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +class MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow : public wxScrolledWindow +{ +protected: // member data + // test data variables + static const wxChar* sm_testData; + static const int sm_lineCnt; // line count + static const int sm_lineLen; // line length in characters + // sizes for graphical data + wxCoord m_fontH, m_fontW; + // selection tracking + wxPoint m_selStart; // beginning of blockwise selection + wxPoint m_cursor; // end of blockwise selection (mouse position) + +protected: // gui stuff + wxFont m_font; + +public: // interface + MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow( wxWindow* parent ); + wxRect DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxRect updRect) const; + wxPoint DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxPoint pos) const; + wxPoint GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(wxPoint pos) const; + wxRect LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxRect updRect) const; + wxPoint LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(wxPoint pos) const; + wxPoint GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords(wxPoint pos) const; + void MyRefresh(); + bool IsSelected(int chX, int chY) const; + static bool IsInside(int k, int bound1, int bound2); + static wxRect DCNormalize(wxCoord x, wxCoord y, wxCoord w, wxCoord h); + +protected: // event stuff + void OnDraw(wxDC& dc); + void OnMouseLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event); + void OnMouseLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& event); + void OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event); + void OnMouseCaptureLost(wxMouseCaptureLostEvent& event); + void OnScroll(wxScrollWinEvent& event); + + DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE() +}; + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // MyFrame +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- class MyFrame: public wxFrame { @@ -61,6 +290,8 @@ public: void OnAbout( wxCommandEvent &event ); void OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &event ); + void OnDeleteAll( wxCommandEvent &event ); + void OnInsertNew( wxCommandEvent &event ); MyCanvas *m_canvas; wxTextCtrl *m_log; @@ -69,7 +300,9 @@ public: DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE() }; +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // MyApp +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- class MyApp: public wxApp { @@ -77,43 +310,53 @@ public: virtual bool OnInit(); }; + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // main program +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp) // ids -#define ID_ADDBUTTON 1 -#define ID_DELBUTTON 2 -#define ID_MOVEBUTTON 3 -#define ID_SCROLLWIN 4 -#define ID_QUERYPOS 5 +const long ID_ADDBUTTON = wxNewId(); +const long ID_DELBUTTON = wxNewId(); +const long ID_MOVEBUTTON = wxNewId(); +const long ID_SCROLLWIN = wxNewId(); +const long ID_QUERYPOS = wxNewId(); -#define ID_NEWBUTTON 10 +const long ID_NEWBUTTON = wxNewId(); +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // MyCanvas +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyCanvas, wxScrolledWindow) BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyCanvas, wxScrolledWindow) EVT_PAINT( MyCanvas::OnPaint) - EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS( MyCanvas::OnMouseDown) + EVT_RIGHT_DOWN( MyCanvas::OnMouseRightDown) + EVT_MOUSEWHEEL( MyCanvas::OnMouseWheel) EVT_BUTTON( ID_QUERYPOS, MyCanvas::OnQueryPosition) EVT_BUTTON( ID_ADDBUTTON, MyCanvas::OnAddButton) EVT_BUTTON( ID_DELBUTTON, MyCanvas::OnDeleteButton) EVT_BUTTON( ID_MOVEBUTTON, MyCanvas::OnMoveButton) EVT_BUTTON( ID_SCROLLWIN, MyCanvas::OnScrollWin) - EVT_SCROLLWIN( MyCanvas::OnScroll) END_EVENT_TABLE() MyCanvas::MyCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size ) - : wxScrolledWindow( parent, id, pos, size, wxSUNKEN_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL, "test canvas" ) + : wxScrolledWindow( parent, id, pos, size, wxSUNKEN_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL, _T("test canvas") ) { - (void) new wxButton( this, ID_ADDBUTTON, "add button", wxPoint(10,10) ); - (void) new wxButton( this, ID_DELBUTTON, "del button", wxPoint(10,40) ); - (void) new wxButton( this, ID_MOVEBUTTON, "move button", wxPoint(150,10) ); - (void) new wxButton( this, ID_SCROLLWIN, "scroll win", wxPoint(250,10) ); + SetScrollRate( 10, 10 ); + SetVirtualSize( 500, 1000 ); + + (void) new wxButton( this, ID_ADDBUTTON, _T("add button"), wxPoint(10,10) ); + (void) new wxButton( this, ID_DELBUTTON, _T("del button"), wxPoint(10,40) ); + (void) new wxButton( this, ID_MOVEBUTTON, _T("move button"), wxPoint(150,10) ); + (void) new wxButton( this, ID_SCROLLWIN, _T("scroll win"), wxPoint(250,10) ); + +#if 0 wxString choices[] = { @@ -123,22 +366,22 @@ MyCanvas::MyCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, "wonderful", "examples." }; - + m_button = new wxButton( this, ID_QUERYPOS, "Query position", wxPoint(10,110) ); - - (void) new wxTextCtrl( this, -1, "wxTextCtrl", wxPoint(10,150), wxSize(80,-1) ); - - (void) new wxRadioButton( this, -1, "Disable", wxPoint(10,190) ); - - (void) new wxComboBox( this, -1, "This", wxPoint(10,230), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices ); - - (void) new wxRadioBox( this, -1, "This", wxPoint(10,310), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices, 2, wxRA_SPECIFY_COLS ); - (void) new wxRadioBox( this, -1, "This", wxPoint(10,440), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices, 2, wxRA_SPECIFY_ROWS ); + (void) new wxTextCtrl( this, wxID_ANY, "wxTextCtrl", wxPoint(10,150), wxSize(80,wxDefaultCoord) ); + + (void) new wxRadioButton( this, wxID_ANY, "Disable", wxPoint(10,190) ); + + (void) new wxComboBox( this, wxID_ANY, "This", wxPoint(10,230), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices ); + + (void) new wxRadioBox( this, wxID_ANY, "This", wxPoint(10,310), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices, 2, wxRA_SPECIFY_COLS ); + + (void) new wxRadioBox( this, wxID_ANY, "This", wxPoint(10,440), wxDefaultSize, 5, choices, 2, wxRA_SPECIFY_ROWS ); wxListCtrl *m_listCtrl = new wxListCtrl( - this, -1, wxPoint(200, 110), wxSize(180, 120), - wxLC_REPORT | wxSIMPLE_BORDER | wxLC_SINGLE_SEL ); + this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(200, 110), wxSize(180, 120), + wxLC_REPORT | wxSIMPLE_BORDER | wxLC_SINGLE_SEL ); m_listCtrl->InsertColumn(0, "First", wxLIST_FORMAT_LEFT, 90); m_listCtrl->InsertColumn(1, "Last", wxLIST_FORMAT_LEFT, 90); @@ -151,48 +394,55 @@ MyCanvas::MyCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id, } m_listCtrl->SetItemState( 3, wxLIST_STATE_SELECTED, wxLIST_STATE_SELECTED ); - (void) new wxListBox( this, -1, wxPoint(260,280), wxSize(120,120), 5, choices, wxLB_ALWAYS_SB ); + (void) new wxListBox( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(260,280), wxSize(120,120), 5, choices, wxLB_ALWAYS_SB ); + +#endif + + wxPanel *test = new wxPanel( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(10, 110), wxSize(130,50), wxSIMPLE_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL ); + test->SetBackgroundColour( wxT("WHEAT") ); + +#if 0 - wxPanel *test = new wxPanel( this, -1, wxPoint(10, 530), wxSize(130,120), wxSIMPLE_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL ); - test->SetBackgroundColour( "WHEAT" ); - wxButton *test2 = new wxButton( test, -1, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) ); - - test = new wxPanel( this, -1, wxPoint(160, 530), wxSize(130,120), wxSUNKEN_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL ); - test->SetBackgroundColour( "WHEAT" ); + wxButton *test2 = new wxButton( test, wxID_ANY, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) ); + + test = new wxPanel( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(160, 530), wxSize(130,120), wxSUNKEN_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL ); + test->SetBackgroundColour( wxT("WHEAT") ); test->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_NO_ENTRY ) ); - test2 = new wxButton( test, -1, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) ); + test2 = new wxButton( test, wxID_ANY, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) ); test2->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_PENCIL ) ); - - test = new wxPanel( this, -1, wxPoint(310, 530), wxSize(130,120), wxRAISED_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL ); - test->SetBackgroundColour( "WHEAT" ); + + test = new wxPanel( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(310, 530), wxSize(130,120), wxRAISED_BORDER | wxTAB_TRAVERSAL ); + test->SetBackgroundColour( wxT("WHEAT") ); test->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_PENCIL ) ); - test2 = new wxButton( test, -1, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) ); + test2 = new wxButton( test, wxID_ANY, "Hallo", wxPoint(10,10) ); test2->SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_NO_ENTRY ) ); - SetBackgroundColour( "WHEAT" ); - +#endif + + SetBackgroundColour( wxT("BLUE") ); + SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_IBEAM ) ); } -MyCanvas::~MyCanvas() +void MyCanvas::OnMouseRightDown( wxMouseEvent &event ) { + wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() ); + int x,y; + CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse down event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y, x, y ); } -void MyCanvas::OnMouseDown( wxMouseEvent &event ) +void MyCanvas::OnMouseWheel( wxMouseEvent &event ) { - if (event.LeftDown()) - { - wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() ); - int x,y; - CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y ); - wxLogMessage( "Mouse down event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d", pt.x, pt.y, x, y ); - } - - if (event.LeftIsDown() && - event.LeftDown()) - { - wxLogMessage( "Error: both LeftDown() and LeftIsDown() are TRUE!" ); - } + wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() ); + int x,y; + CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse wheel event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d\n") + wxT("Rotation: %d, delta = %d"), + pt.x, pt.y, x, y, + event.GetWheelRotation(), event.GetWheelDelta() ); + + event.Skip(); } void MyCanvas::OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) @@ -200,122 +450,216 @@ void MyCanvas::OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) wxPaintDC dc( this ); PrepareDC( dc ); - dc.DrawText( "Press mouse button to test calculations!", 160, 50 ); + dc.DrawText( _T("Press mouse button to test calculations!"), 160, 50 ); + + dc.DrawText( _T("Some text"), 140, 140 ); - dc.DrawText( "Some text", 140, 140 ); - dc.DrawRectangle( 100, 160, 200, 200 ); } void MyCanvas::OnQueryPosition( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) { wxPoint pt( m_button->GetPosition() ); - wxLogMessage( "Position of ""Query position"" is %d %d", pt.x, pt.y ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("Position of \"Query position\" is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y ); pt = ClientToScreen( pt ); - wxLogMessage( "Position of ""Query position"" on screen is %d %d", pt.x, pt.y ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("Position of \"Query position\" on screen is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y ); } void MyCanvas::OnAddButton( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) { - wxLogMessage( "Inserting button at position 10,70..." ); - wxButton *button = new wxButton( this, ID_NEWBUTTON, "new button", wxPoint(10,70), wxSize(80,25) ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("Inserting button at position 10,70...") ); + wxButton *button = new wxButton( this, ID_NEWBUTTON, wxT("new button"), wxPoint(10,70), wxSize(80,25) ); wxPoint pt( button->GetPosition() ); - wxLogMessage( "-> Position after inserting %d %d", pt.x, pt.y ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("-> Position after inserting %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y ); } -void MyCanvas::OnDeleteButton( wxCommandEvent &event ) +void MyCanvas::OnDeleteButton( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) { - wxLogMessage( "Deleting button inserted with ""Add button""..." ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("Deleting button inserted with \"Add button\"...") ); wxWindow *win = FindWindow( ID_NEWBUTTON ); if (win) win->Destroy(); else - wxLogMessage( "-> No window with id = ID_NEWBUTTON found." ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("-> No window with id = ID_NEWBUTTON found.") ); } void MyCanvas::OnMoveButton( wxCommandEvent &event ) { - wxLogMessage( "Moving button 10 pixels downward.." ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("Moving button 10 pixels downward..") ); wxWindow *win = FindWindow( event.GetId() ); wxPoint pt( win->GetPosition() ); - wxLogMessage( "-> Position before move is %d %d", pt.x, pt.y ); - win->Move( -1, pt.y + 10 ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("-> Position before move is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y ); + win->Move( wxDefaultCoord, pt.y + 10 ); pt = win->GetPosition(); - wxLogMessage( "-> Position after move is %d %d", pt.x, pt.y ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("-> Position after move is %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y ); } void MyCanvas::OnScrollWin( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) { - wxLogMessage( "Scrolling 2 units up.\nThe white square and the controls should move equally!" ); + wxLogMessage( wxT("Scrolling 2 units up.\nThe white square and the controls should move equally!") ); int x,y; - ViewStart( &x, &y ); - Scroll( -1, y+2 ); + GetViewStart( &x, &y ); + Scroll( wxDefaultCoord, y+2 ); +} + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// MyAutoScrollWindow +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +const long ID_RESIZEBUTTON = wxNewId(); +const wxSize SMALL_BUTTON( 100, 50 ); +const wxSize LARGE_BUTTON( 300, 100 ); + +BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE( MyAutoScrollWindow, wxScrolledWindow) + EVT_BUTTON( ID_RESIZEBUTTON, MyAutoScrollWindow::OnResizeClick) +END_EVENT_TABLE() + +MyAutoScrollWindow::MyAutoScrollWindow( wxWindow *parent ) + : wxScrolledWindow( parent, -1, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize, + wxSUNKEN_BORDER|wxScrolledWindowStyle ) +{ + SetBackgroundColour( wxT("GREEN") ); + + // Set the rate we'd like for scrolling. + + SetScrollRate( 5, 5 ); + + // Populate a sizer with a 'resizing' button and some + // other static decoration + + wxFlexGridSizer *innersizer = new wxFlexGridSizer( 2, 2 ); + + m_button = new wxButton( this, + ID_RESIZEBUTTON, + _T("Press me"), + wxDefaultPosition, + SMALL_BUTTON ); + + m_button->SetSizeHints( SMALL_BUTTON.GetWidth(), SMALL_BUTTON.GetHeight() ); + + innersizer->Add( m_button, + 0, + wxALIGN_CENTER | wxALL, + 20 ); + + innersizer->Add( new wxStaticText( this, wxID_ANY, _T("This is just") ), + 0, + wxALIGN_CENTER ); + + innersizer->Add( new wxStaticText( this, wxID_ANY, _T("some decoration") ), + 0, + wxALIGN_CENTER ); + + innersizer->Add( new wxStaticText( this, wxID_ANY, _T("for you to scroll...") ), + 0, + wxALIGN_CENTER ); + + // Then use the sizer to set the scrolled region size. + + SetSizer( innersizer ); } -void MyCanvas::OnScroll( wxScrollWinEvent &event ) +void MyAutoScrollWindow::OnResizeClick( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED( event ) ) { - if (( event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_THUMBRELEASE )) - { - wxLogMessage( "Thumb released; position: %u", event.GetPosition() ); - } - event.Skip(); + // Arbitrarily resize the button to change the minimum size of + // the (scrolled) sizer. + + if( m_button->GetSize() == SMALL_BUTTON ) + m_button->SetSizeHints( LARGE_BUTTON.GetWidth(), LARGE_BUTTON.GetHeight() ); + else + m_button->SetSizeHints( SMALL_BUTTON.GetWidth(), SMALL_BUTTON.GetHeight() ); + + // Force update layout and scrollbars, since nothing we do here + // necessarily generates a size event which would do it for us. + + FitInside(); } +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // MyFrame - -const int ID_QUIT = 108; -const int ID_ABOUT = 109; +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS( MyFrame, wxFrame ) BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame,wxFrame) + EVT_MENU (ID_DELETE_ALL, MyFrame::OnDeleteAll) + EVT_MENU (ID_INSERT_NEW, MyFrame::OnInsertNew) EVT_MENU (ID_ABOUT, MyFrame::OnAbout) EVT_MENU (ID_QUIT, MyFrame::OnQuit) END_EVENT_TABLE() MyFrame::MyFrame() - : wxFrame( (wxFrame *)NULL, -1, "wxScrolledWindow sample", - wxPoint(20,20), wxSize(470,500) ) + : wxFrame( (wxFrame *)NULL, wxID_ANY, _T("wxScrolledWindow sample"), + wxPoint(20,20), wxSize(800,500) ) { wxMenu *file_menu = new wxMenu(); - file_menu->Append( ID_ABOUT, "&About.."); - file_menu->Append( ID_QUIT, "E&xit\tAlt-X"); + file_menu->Append( ID_DELETE_ALL, _T("Delete all")); + file_menu->Append( ID_INSERT_NEW, _T("Insert new")); + file_menu->Append( ID_ABOUT, _T("&About..")); + file_menu->Append( ID_QUIT, _T("E&xit\tAlt-X")); wxMenuBar *menu_bar = new wxMenuBar(); - menu_bar->Append(file_menu, "&File"); + menu_bar->Append(file_menu, _T("&File")); SetMenuBar( menu_bar ); +#if wxUSE_STATUSBAR CreateStatusBar(2); int widths[] = { -1, 100 }; SetStatusWidths( 2, widths ); +#endif // wxUSE_STATUSBAR + + wxBoxSizer *topsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxHORIZONTAL ); + // subsizer splits topsizer down the middle + wxBoxSizer *subsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxVERTICAL ); + + // Setting an explicit size here is superfluous, it will be overridden + // by the sizer in any case. + m_canvas = new MyCanvas( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(0,0), wxSize(100,100) ); + + // This is done with ScrollRate/VirtualSize in MyCanvas ctor now, + // both should produce identical results. + //m_canvas->SetScrollbars( 10, 10, 50, 100 ); + + subsizer->Add( m_canvas, 1, wxEXPAND ); + subsizer->Add( new MyAutoScrollWindow( this ), 1, wxEXPAND ); + + wxSizer *sizerBtm = new wxBoxSizer(wxHORIZONTAL); + sizerBtm->Add( new MyScrolledWindowDumb(this), 1, wxEXPAND ); + sizerBtm->Add( new MyScrolledWindowSmart(this), 1, wxEXPAND ); + subsizer->Add( sizerBtm, 1, wxEXPAND ); + + topsizer->Add( subsizer, 1, wxEXPAND ); + topsizer->Add( new MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow( this ), 1, wxEXPAND ); - m_canvas = new MyCanvas( this, -1, wxPoint(0,0), wxSize(100,100) ); - m_canvas->SetScrollbars( 10, 10, 50, 100 ); - - m_log = new wxTextCtrl( this, -1, "This is the log window.\n", wxPoint(0,0), wxSize(100,100), wxTE_MULTILINE ); - wxLog *old_log = wxLog::SetActiveTarget( new wxLogTextCtrl( m_log ) ); - delete old_log; - - wxBoxSizer *topsizer = new wxBoxSizer( wxVERTICAL ); - - topsizer->Add( m_canvas, 1, wxEXPAND ); - topsizer->Add( m_log, 0, wxEXPAND ); - - SetAutoLayout( TRUE ); SetSizer( topsizer ); } +void MyFrame::OnDeleteAll( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) +{ + m_canvas->DestroyChildren(); +} + +void MyFrame::OnInsertNew( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) +{ + (void)new wxButton( m_canvas, wxID_ANY, _T("Hello"), wxPoint(100,100) ); +} + void MyFrame::OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) { - Close( TRUE ); + Close( true ); } void MyFrame::OnAbout( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) { - (void)wxMessageBox( "wxScroll demo\n" - "Robert Roebling (c) 1998", - "About wxScroll Demo", wxICON_INFORMATION | wxOK ); + (void)wxMessageBox( _T("wxScroll demo\n") + _T("Robert Roebling (c) 1998\n") + _T("Autoscrolling examples\n") + _T("Ron Lee (c) 2002\n") + _T("Auto-timed-scrolling example\n") + _T("Matt Gregory (c) 2003\n"), + _T("About wxScroll Demo"), + wxICON_INFORMATION | wxOK ); } //----------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -324,9 +668,500 @@ void MyFrame::OnAbout( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) ) bool MyApp::OnInit() { - wxFrame *frame = new MyFrame(); - frame->Show( TRUE ); + if ( !wxApp::OnInit() ) + return false; + + wxFrame *frame = new MyFrame(); + frame->Show( true ); + + frame = new MySimpleFrame(); + frame->Show(); + + return true; +} + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// MyScrolledWindowXXX +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +void MyScrolledWindowDumb::OnDraw(wxDC& dc) +{ + // this is useful to see which lines are redrawn + static size_t s_redrawCount = 0; + dc.SetTextForeground(s_redrawCount++ % 2 ? *wxRED : *wxBLUE); + + wxCoord y = 0; + for ( size_t line = 0; line < m_nLines; line++ ) + { + wxCoord yPhys; + CalcScrolledPosition(0, y, NULL, &yPhys); + + dc.DrawText(wxString::Format(_T("Line %u (logical %d, physical %d)"), + unsigned(line), y, yPhys), 0, y); + y += m_hLine; + } +} + +void MyScrolledWindowSmart::OnDraw(wxDC& dc) +{ + // this is useful to see which lines are redrawn + static size_t s_redrawCount = 0; + dc.SetTextForeground(s_redrawCount++ % 2 ? *wxRED : *wxBLUE); + + // update region is always in device coords, translate to logical ones + wxRect rectUpdate = GetUpdateRegion().GetBox(); + CalcUnscrolledPosition(rectUpdate.x, rectUpdate.y, + &rectUpdate.x, &rectUpdate.y); + + size_t lineFrom = rectUpdate.y / m_hLine, + lineTo = rectUpdate.GetBottom() / m_hLine; + + if ( lineTo > m_nLines - 1) + lineTo = m_nLines - 1; + + wxCoord y = lineFrom*m_hLine; + for ( size_t line = lineFrom; line <= lineTo; line++ ) + { + wxCoord yPhys; + CalcScrolledPosition(0, y, NULL, &yPhys); + + dc.DrawText(wxString::Format(_T("Line %u (logical %d, physical %d)"), + unsigned(line), y, yPhys), 0, y); + y += m_hLine; + } +} + +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow +// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow, wxScrolledWindow) + EVT_LEFT_DOWN(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftDown) + EVT_LEFT_UP(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftUp) + EVT_MOTION(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseMove) + EVT_MOUSE_CAPTURE_LOST(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseCaptureLost) + EVT_SCROLLWIN(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnScroll) +END_EVENT_TABLE() + +MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow(wxWindow* parent) + : wxScrolledWindow(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize + //, wxSUNKEN_BORDER) // can't seem to do it this way + , wxVSCROLL | wxHSCROLL | wxSUNKEN_BORDER) + , m_selStart(-1, -1), m_cursor(-1, -1) + , m_font(9, wxFONTFAMILY_TELETYPE, wxFONTSTYLE_NORMAL + , wxFONTWEIGHT_NORMAL) +{ + wxClientDC dc(this); + // query dc for text size + dc.SetFont(m_font); + dc.GetTextExtent(wxString(_T("A")), &m_fontW, &m_fontH); + // set up the virtual window + SetScrollbars(m_fontW, m_fontH, sm_lineLen, sm_lineCnt); +} + +wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars + (wxRect updRect) const +{ + wxPoint pos(updRect.GetPosition()); + pos = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(pos); + updRect.x = pos.x; + updRect.y = pos.y; + updRect.width /= m_fontW; + updRect.height /= m_fontH; + // the *CoordsToGraphicalChars() funcs round down to upper-left corner, + // so an off-by-one correction is needed + ++updRect.width; // kludge + ++updRect.height; // kludge + return updRect; +} + +wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars + (wxPoint pos) const +{ + pos.x /= m_fontW; + pos.y /= m_fontH; + int vX, vY; + GetViewStart(&vX, &vY); + pos.x += vX; + pos.y += vY; + return pos; +} + +wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords + (wxPoint pos) const +{ + int vX, vY; + GetViewStart(&vX, &vY); + pos.x -= vX; + pos.y -= vY; + pos.x *= m_fontW; + pos.y *= m_fontH; + return pos; +} + +wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars + (wxRect updRect) const +{ + wxPoint pos(updRect.GetPosition()); + pos = LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars(pos); + updRect.x = pos.x; + updRect.y = pos.y; + updRect.width /= m_fontW; + updRect.height /= m_fontH; + // the *CoordsToGraphicalChars() funcs round down to upper-left corner, + // so an off-by-one correction is needed + ++updRect.width; // kludge + ++updRect.height; // kludge + return updRect; +} + +wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::LogicalCoordsToGraphicalChars + (wxPoint pos) const +{ + pos.x /= m_fontW; + pos.y /= m_fontH; + return pos; +} + +wxPoint MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords + (wxPoint pos) const +{ + pos.x *= m_fontW; + pos.y *= m_fontH; + return pos; +} + +void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::MyRefresh() +{ + static wxPoint lastSelStart(-1, -1), lastCursor(-1, -1); + // refresh last selected area (to deselect previously selected text) + wxRect lastUpdRect( + GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(lastSelStart), + GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(lastCursor) + ); + // off-by-one corrections, necessary because it's not possible to know + // when to round up until rect is normalized by lastUpdRect constructor + lastUpdRect.width += m_fontW; // kludge + lastUpdRect.height += m_fontH; // kludge + // refresh currently selected (to select previously unselected text) + wxRect updRect( + GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(m_selStart), + GraphicalCharToDeviceCoords(m_cursor) + ); + // off-by-one corrections + updRect.width += m_fontW; // kludge + updRect.height += m_fontH; // kludge + // find necessary refresh areas + wxCoord rx = lastUpdRect.x; + wxCoord ry = lastUpdRect.y; + wxCoord rw = updRect.x - lastUpdRect.x; + wxCoord rh = lastUpdRect.height; + if (rw && rh) { + RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh)); + } + rx = updRect.x; + ry = updRect.y + updRect.height; + rw= updRect.width; + rh = (lastUpdRect.y + lastUpdRect.height) - (updRect.y + updRect.height); + if (rw && rh) { + RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh)); + } + rx = updRect.x + updRect.width; + ry = lastUpdRect.y; + rw = (lastUpdRect.x + lastUpdRect.width) - (updRect.x + updRect.width); + rh = lastUpdRect.height; + if (rw && rh) { + RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh)); + } + rx = updRect.x; + ry = lastUpdRect.y; + rw = updRect.width; + rh = updRect.y - lastUpdRect.y; + if (rw && rh) { + RefreshRect(DCNormalize(rx, ry, rw, rh)); + } + // update last + lastSelStart = m_selStart; + lastCursor = m_cursor; +} + +bool MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::IsSelected(int chX, int chY) const +{ + if (IsInside(chX, m_selStart.x, m_cursor.x) + && IsInside(chY, m_selStart.y, m_cursor.y)) { + return true; + } + return false; +} - return TRUE; +bool MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::IsInside(int k, int bound1, int bound2) +{ + if ((k >= bound1 && k <= bound2) || (k >= bound2 && k <= bound1)) { + return true; + } + return false; +} + +wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DCNormalize(wxCoord x, wxCoord y + , wxCoord w, wxCoord h) +{ + // this is needed to get rid of the graphical remnants from the selection + // I think it's because DrawRectangle() excludes a pixel in either direction + const int kludge = 1; + // make (x, y) the top-left corner + if (w < 0) { + w = -w + kludge; + x -= w; + } else { + x -= kludge; + w += kludge; + } + if (h < 0) { + h = -h + kludge; + y -= h; + } else { + y -= kludge; + h += kludge; + } + return wxRect(x, y, w, h); +} + +void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnDraw(wxDC& dc) +{ + dc.SetFont(m_font); + wxBrush normBrush(wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_WINDOW) + , wxSOLID); + wxBrush selBrush(wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_HIGHLIGHT) + , wxSOLID); + dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN); + wxString str = sm_testData; + + // draw the characters + // 1. for each update region + for (wxRegionIterator upd(GetUpdateRegion()); upd; ++upd) { + wxRect updRect = upd.GetRect(); + wxRect updRectInGChars(DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(updRect)); + // 2. for each row of chars in the update region + for (int chY = updRectInGChars.y + ; chY <= updRectInGChars.y + updRectInGChars.height; ++chY) { + // 3. for each character in the row + for (int chX = updRectInGChars.x + ; chX <= updRectInGChars.x + updRectInGChars.width + ; ++chX) { + // 4. set up dc + if (IsSelected(chX, chY)) { + dc.SetBrush(selBrush); + dc.SetTextForeground( wxSystemSettings::GetColour + (wxSYS_COLOUR_HIGHLIGHTTEXT)); + } else { + dc.SetBrush(normBrush); + dc.SetTextForeground( wxSystemSettings::GetColour + (wxSYS_COLOUR_WINDOWTEXT)); + } + // 5. find position info + wxPoint charPos = GraphicalCharToLogicalCoords(wxPoint + (chX, chY)); + // 6. draw! + dc.DrawRectangle(charPos.x, charPos.y, m_fontW, m_fontH); + size_t charIndex = chY * sm_lineLen + chX; + if (chY < sm_lineCnt && + chX < sm_lineLen && + charIndex < str.Length()) + { + dc.DrawText(str.Mid(charIndex,1), + charPos.x, charPos.y); + } + } + } + } +} + +void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event) +{ + // initial press of mouse button sets the beginning of the selection + m_selStart = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(event.GetPosition()); + // set the cursor to the same position + m_cursor = m_selStart; + // draw/erase selection + MyRefresh(); +} + +void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& WXUNUSED(event)) +{ + // this test is necessary + if (HasCapture()) { + // uncapture mouse + ReleaseMouse(); + } +} + +void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event) +{ + // if user is dragging + if (event.Dragging() && event.LeftIsDown()) { + // set the new cursor position + m_cursor = DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(event.GetPosition()); + // draw/erase selection + MyRefresh(); + // capture mouse to activate auto-scrolling + if (!HasCapture()) { + CaptureMouse(); + } + } +} + +void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseCaptureLost(wxMouseCaptureLostEvent& WXUNUSED(event)) +{ + // we only capture mouse for timed scrolling, so nothing is needed here + // other than making sure to not call event.Skip() +} + +void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnScroll(wxScrollWinEvent& event) +{ + // need to move the cursor when autoscrolling + // FIXME: the cursor also moves when the scrollbar arrows are clicked + if (HasCapture()) { + if (event.GetOrientation() == wxHORIZONTAL) { + if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) { + --m_cursor.x; + } else if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) { + ++m_cursor.x; + } + } else if (event.GetOrientation() == wxVERTICAL) { + if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) { + --m_cursor.y; + } else if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) { + ++m_cursor.y; + } + } + } + MyRefresh(); + event.Skip(); } +const int MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_lineCnt = 125; +const int MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_lineLen = 79; +const wxChar* MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_testData = +_T("162 Cult of the genius out of vanity. Because we think well of ourselves, but ") +_T("nonetheless never suppose ourselves capable of producing a painting like one of ") +_T("Raphael's or a dramatic scene like one of Shakespeare's, we convince ourselves ") +_T("that the capacity to do so is quite extraordinarily marvelous, a wholly ") +_T("uncommon accident, or, if we are still religiously inclined, a mercy from on ") +_T("high. Thus our vanity, our self-love, promotes the cult of the genius: for only ") +_T("if we think of him as being very remote from us, as a miraculum, does he not ") +_T("aggrieve us (even Goethe, who was without envy, called Shakespeare his star of ") +_T("the most distant heights [\"William! Stern der schonsten Ferne\": from Goethe's, ") +_T("\"Between Two Worlds\"]; in regard to which one might recall the lines: \"the ") +_T("stars, these we do not desire\" [from Goethe's, \"Comfort in Tears\"]). But, aside ") +_T("from these suggestions of our vanity, the activity of the genius seems in no ") +_T("way fundamentally different from the activity of the inventor of machines, the ") +_T("scholar of astronomy or history, the master of tactics. All these activities ") +_T("are explicable if one pictures to oneself people whose thinking is active in ") +_T("one direction, who employ everything as material, who always zealously observe ") +_T("their own inner life and that of others, who perceive everywhere models and ") +_T("incentives, who never tire of combining together the means available to them. ") +_T("Genius too does nothing except learn first how to lay bricks then how to build, ") +_T("except continually seek for material and continually form itself around it. ") +_T("Every activity of man is amazingly complicated, not only that of the genius: ") +_T("but none is a \"miracle.\" Whence, then, the belief that genius exists only in ") +_T("the artist, orator and philosopher? that only they have \"intuition\"? (Whereby ") +_T("they are supposed to possess a kind of miraculous eyeglass with which they can ") +_T("see directly into \"the essence of the thing\"!) It is clear that people speak of ") +_T("genius only where the effects of the great intellect are most pleasant to them ") +_T("and where they have no desire to feel envious. To call someone \"divine\" means: ") +_T("\"here there is no need for us to compete.\" Then, everything finished and ") +_T("complete is regarded with admiration, everything still becoming is undervalued. ") +_T("But no one can see in the work of the artist how it has become; that is its ") +_T("advantage, for wherever one can see the act of becoming one grows somewhat ") +_T("cool. The finished and perfect art of representation repulses all thinking as ") +_T("to how it has become; it tyrannizes as present completeness and perfection. ") +_T("That is why the masters of the art of representation count above all as gifted ") +_T("with genius and why men of science do not. In reality, this evaluation of the ") +_T("former and undervaluation of the latter is only a piece of childishness in the ") +_T("realm of reason. ") +_T("\n\n") +_T("163 The serious workman. Do not talk about giftedness, inborn talents! One can ") +_T("name great men of all kinds who were very little gifted. The acquired ") +_T("greatness, became \"geniuses\" (as we put it), through qualities the lack of ") +_T("which no one who knew what they were would boast of: they all possessed that ") +_T("seriousness of the efficient workman which first learns to construct the parts ") +_T("properly before it ventures to fashion a great whole; they allowed themselves ") +_T("time for it, because they took more pleasure in making the little, secondary ") +_T("things well than in the effect of a dazzling whole. the recipe for becoming a ") +_T("good novelist, for example, is easy to give, but to carry it out presupposes ") +_T("qualities one is accustomed to overlook when one says \"I do not have enough ") +_T("talent.\" One has only to make a hundred or so sketches for novels, none longer ") +_T("than two pages but of such distinctness that every word in them is necessary; ") +_T("one should write down anecdotes each day until one has learned how to give them ") +_T("the most pregnant and effective form; one should be tireless in collecting and ") +_T("describing human types and characters; one should above all relate things to ") +_T("others and listen to others relate, keeping one's eyes and ears open for the ") +_T("effect produced on those present, one should travel like a landscape painter or ") +_T("costume designer; one should excerpt for oneself out of the individual sciences ") +_T("everything that will produce an artistic effect when it is well described, one ") +_T("should, finally, reflect on the motives of human actions, disdain no signpost ") +_T("to instruction about them and be a collector of these things by day and night. ") +_T("One should continue in this many-sided exercise some ten years: what is then ") +_T("created in the workshop, however, will be fit to go out into the world. What, ") +_T("however, do most people do? They begin, not with the parts, but with the whole. ") +_T("Perhaps they chance to strike a right note, excite attention and from then on ") +_T("strike worse and worse notes, for good, natural reasons. Sometimes, when the ") +_T("character and intellect needed to formulate such a life-plan are lacking, fate ") +_T("and need take their place and lead the future master step by step through all ") +_T("the stipulations of his trade. ") +_T("\n\n") +_T("164 Peril and profit in the cult of the genius. The belief in great, superior, ") +_T("fruitful spirits is not necessarily, yet nonetheless is very frequently ") +_T("associated with that religious or semi-religious superstition that these ") +_T("spirits are of supra-human origin and possess certain miraculous abilities by ") +_T("virtue of which they acquire their knowledge by quite other means than the rest ") +_T("of mankind. One ascribes to them, it seems, a direct view of the nature of the ") +_T("world, as it were a hole in the cloak of appearance, and believes that, by ") +_T("virtue of this miraculous seer's vision, they are able to communicate something ") +_T("conclusive and decisive about man and the world without the toil and ") +_T("rigorousness required by science. As long as there continue to be those who ") +_T("believe in the miraculous in the domain of knowledge one can perhaps concede ") +_T("that these people themselves derive some benefit from their belief, inasmuch as ") +_T("through their unconditional subjection to the great spirits they create for ") +_T("their own spirit during its time of development the finest form of discipline ") +_T("and schooling. On the other hand, it is at least questionable whether the ") +_T("superstitious belief in genius, in its privileges and special abilities, is of ") +_T("benefit to the genius himself if it takes root in him. It is in any event a ") +_T("dangerous sign when a man is assailed by awe of himself, whether it be the ") +_T("celebrated Caesar's awe of Caesar or the awe of one's own genius now under ") +_T("consideration; when the sacrificial incense which is properly rendered only to ") +_T("a god penetrates the brain of the genius, so that his head begins to swim and ") +_T("he comes to regard himself as something supra-human. The consequences that ") +_T("slowly result are: the feeling of irresponsibility, of exceptional rights, the ") +_T("belief that he confers a favor by his mere presence, insane rage when anyone ") +_T("attempts even to compare him with others, let alone to rate him beneath them, ") +_T("or to draw attention to lapses in his work. Because he ceases to practice ") +_T("criticism of himself, at last one pinion after the other falls out of his ") +_T("plumage: that superstitious eats at the roots of his powers and perhaps even ") +_T("turns him into a hypocrite after his powers have fled from him. For the great ") +_T("spirits themselves it is therefore probably more beneficial if they acquire an ") +_T("insight into the nature and origin of their powers, if they grasp, that is to ") +_T("say, what purely human qualities have come together in them and what fortunate ") +_T("circumstances attended them: in the first place undiminished energy, resolute ") +_T("application to individual goals, great personal courage, then the good fortune ") +_T("to receive an upbringing which offered in the early years the finest teachers, ") +_T("models and methods. To be sure, when their goal is the production of the ") +_T("greatest possible effect, unclarity with regard to oneself and that ") +_T("semi-insanity superadded to it has always achieved much; for what has been ") +_T("admired and envied at all times has been that power in them by virtue of which ") +_T("they render men will-less and sweep them away into the delusion that the ") +_T("leaders they are following are supra-natural. Indeed, it elevates and inspires ") +_T("men to believe that someone is in possession of supra-natural powers: to this ") +_T("extent Plato was right to say [Plato: Phaedrus, 244a] that madness has brought ") +_T("the greatest of blessings upon mankind. In rare individual cases this portion ") +_T("of madness may, indeed, actually have been the means by which such a nature, ") +_T("excessive in all directions, was held firmly together: in the life of ") +_T("individuals, too, illusions that are in themselves poisons often play the role ") +_T("of healers; yet, in the end, in the case of every \"genius\" who believes in his ") +_T("own divinity the poison shows itself to the same degree as his \"genius\" grows ") +_T("old: one may recall, for example, the case of Napoleon, whose nature certainly ") +_T("grew into the mighty unity that sets him apart from all men of modern times ") +_T("precisely through his belief in himself and his star and through the contempt ") +_T("for men that flowed from it; until in the end, however, this same belief went ") +_T("over into an almost insane fatalism, robbed him of his acuteness and swiftness ") +_T("of perception, and became the cause of his destruction.");