-/*
- * Program: scroll
- *
- * Author: Robert Roebling
- *
- * Copyright: (C) 1998, Robert Roebling
- * 2002, Ron Lee
- * 2003, Matt Gregory
- *
- */
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Name: scroll.cpp
+// Purpose: wxScrolledWindow sample
+// Author: Robert Roebling
+// Modified by:
+// Created:
+// RCS-ID: $Id$
+// Copyright: (C) 1998 Robert Roebling, 2002 Ron Lee, 2003 Matt Gregory
+// Licence: wxWindows license
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// For compilers that support precompilation, includes "wx/wx.h".
#include "wx/wxprec.h"
#include "wx/sizer.h"
#include "wx/log.h"
+const long ID_QUIT = wxID_EXIT;
+const long ID_ABOUT = wxID_ABOUT;
+const long ID_DELETE_ALL = 100;
+const long ID_INSERT_NEW = 101;
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// a trivial example
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MySimpleFrame;
+class MySimpleCanvas;
+
+// MySimpleCanvas
+
+class MySimpleCanvas: public wxScrolledWindow
+{
+public:
+ MySimpleCanvas() { }
+ MySimpleCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID, const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size );
+
+ void OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &event );
+
+private:
+ DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MyCanvas)
+ DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
+};
+
+IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MySimpleCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
+
+BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MySimpleCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
+ EVT_PAINT( MySimpleCanvas::OnPaint)
+END_EVENT_TABLE()
+
+MySimpleCanvas::MySimpleCanvas( wxWindow *parent, wxWindowID id,
+ const wxPoint &pos, const wxSize &size )
+ : wxScrolledWindow( parent, id, pos, size, wxSUNKEN_BORDER, _T("test canvas") )
+{
+ SetScrollRate( 10, 10 );
+ SetVirtualSize( 92, 97 );
+ SetBackgroundColour( *wxWHITE );
+}
+
+void MySimpleCanvas::OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
+{
+ wxPaintDC dc(this);
+ PrepareDC( dc );
+
+ dc.SetPen( *wxRED_PEN );
+ dc.SetBrush( *wxTRANSPARENT_BRUSH );
+ dc.DrawRectangle( 0,0,92,97 );
+}
+
+// MySimpleFrame
+
+class MySimpleFrame: public wxFrame
+{
+public:
+ MySimpleFrame();
+
+ void OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &event );
+
+ MySimpleCanvas *m_canvas;
+
+private:
+ DECLARE_DYNAMIC_CLASS(MySimpleFrame)
+ DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
+};
+
+
+IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS( MySimpleFrame, wxFrame )
+
+BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MySimpleFrame,wxFrame)
+ EVT_MENU (ID_QUIT, MySimpleFrame::OnQuit)
+END_EVENT_TABLE()
+
+MySimpleFrame::MySimpleFrame()
+ : wxFrame( (wxFrame *)NULL, wxID_ANY, _T("wxScrolledWindow sample"),
+ wxPoint(120,120), wxSize(150,150) )
+{
+ wxMenu *file_menu = new wxMenu();
+ file_menu->Append( ID_QUIT, _T("E&xit\tAlt-X"));
+
+ wxMenuBar *menu_bar = new wxMenuBar();
+ menu_bar->Append(file_menu, _T("&File"));
+
+ SetMenuBar( menu_bar );
+
+ m_canvas = new MySimpleCanvas( this, wxID_ANY, wxPoint(0,0), wxSize(100,100) );
+}
+
+void MySimpleFrame::OnQuit( wxCommandEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
+{
+ Close( true );
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// a complex example
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// derived classes
void OnDeleteButton( wxCommandEvent &event );
void OnMoveButton( wxCommandEvent &event );
void OnScrollWin( wxCommandEvent &event );
- void OnMouseDown( wxMouseEvent &event );
+ void OnMouseRightDown( wxMouseEvent &event );
+ void OnMouseWheel( wxMouseEvent &event );
wxButton *m_button;
{
// no horz scrolling
SetScrollRate( 0, m_hLine );
- SetVirtualSize( -1, ( m_nLines + 1 ) * m_hLine );
+ SetVirtualSize( wxDefaultCoord, ( m_nLines + 1 ) * m_hLine );
}
virtual void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
static wxRect DCNormalize(wxCoord x, wxCoord y, wxCoord w, wxCoord h);
protected: // event stuff
- DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
void OnDraw(wxDC& dc);
void OnMouseLeftDown(wxMouseEvent& event);
void OnMouseLeftUp(wxMouseEvent& event);
void OnMouseMove(wxMouseEvent& event);
+ void OnMouseCaptureLost(wxMouseCaptureLostEvent& event);
void OnScroll(wxScrollWinEvent& event);
+
+ DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyCanvas, wxScrolledWindow)
EVT_PAINT( MyCanvas::OnPaint)
- EVT_MOUSE_EVENTS( MyCanvas::OnMouseDown)
+ EVT_RIGHT_DOWN( MyCanvas::OnMouseRightDown)
+ EVT_MOUSEWHEEL( MyCanvas::OnMouseWheel)
EVT_BUTTON( ID_QUERYPOS, MyCanvas::OnQueryPosition)
EVT_BUTTON( ID_ADDBUTTON, MyCanvas::OnAddButton)
EVT_BUTTON( ID_DELBUTTON, MyCanvas::OnDeleteButton)
SetCursor( wxCursor( wxCURSOR_IBEAM ) );
}
-void MyCanvas::OnMouseDown( wxMouseEvent &event )
+void MyCanvas::OnMouseRightDown( wxMouseEvent &event )
{
- if (event.LeftDown())
- {
- wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() );
- int x,y;
- CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y );
- wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse down event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y, x, y );
+ wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() );
+ int x,y;
+ CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y );
+ wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse down event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d"), pt.x, pt.y, x, y );
+}
- if ( !event.LeftIsDown() )
- wxLogMessage( wxT("Error: LeftIsDown() should be true if for LeftDown()") );
- }
+void MyCanvas::OnMouseWheel( wxMouseEvent &event )
+{
+ wxPoint pt( event.GetPosition() );
+ int x,y;
+ CalcUnscrolledPosition( pt.x, pt.y, &x, &y );
+ wxLogMessage( wxT("Mouse wheel event at: %d %d, scrolled: %d %d\n")
+ wxT("Rotation: %d, delta = %d"),
+ pt.x, pt.y, x, y,
+ event.GetWheelRotation(), event.GetWheelDelta() );
+
+ event.Skip();
}
void MyCanvas::OnPaint( wxPaintEvent &WXUNUSED(event) )
wxLogMessage( wxT("Scrolling 2 units up.\nThe white square and the controls should move equally!") );
int x,y;
GetViewStart( &x, &y );
- Scroll( -1, y+2 );
+ Scroll( wxDefaultCoord, y+2 );
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
END_EVENT_TABLE()
MyAutoScrollWindow::MyAutoScrollWindow( wxWindow *parent )
- : wxScrolledWindow( parent )
+ : wxScrolledWindow( parent, -1, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize,
+ wxSUNKEN_BORDER|wxScrolledWindowStyle )
{
SetBackgroundColour( wxT("GREEN") );
wxDefaultPosition,
SMALL_BUTTON );
- // We need to do this here, because wxADJUST_MINSIZE below
- // will cause the initial size to be ignored for Best/Min size.
- // It would be nice to fix the sizers to handle this a little
- // more cleanly.
-
m_button->SetSizeHints( SMALL_BUTTON.GetWidth(), SMALL_BUTTON.GetHeight() );
innersizer->Add( m_button,
0,
- wxALIGN_CENTER | wxALL | wxADJUST_MINSIZE,
+ wxALIGN_CENTER | wxALL,
20 );
innersizer->Add( new wxStaticText( this, wxID_ANY, _T("This is just") ),
// MyFrame
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-const long ID_QUIT = wxNewId();
-const long ID_ABOUT = wxNewId();
-const long ID_DELETE_ALL = wxNewId();
-const long ID_INSERT_NEW = wxNewId();
-
IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC_CLASS( MyFrame, wxFrame )
BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame,wxFrame)
// This is done with ScrollRate/VirtualSize in MyCanvas ctor now,
// both should produce identical results.
//m_canvas->SetScrollbars( 10, 10, 50, 100 );
-
+
subsizer->Add( m_canvas, 1, wxEXPAND );
subsizer->Add( new MyAutoScrollWindow( this ), 1, wxEXPAND );
bool MyApp::OnInit()
{
- wxFrame *frame = new MyFrame();
- frame->Show( true );
+ if ( !wxApp::OnInit() )
+ return false;
+
+ wxFrame *frame = new MyFrame();
+ frame->Show( true );
- return true;
+ frame = new MySimpleFrame();
+ frame->Show();
+
+ return true;
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
CalcScrolledPosition(0, y, NULL, &yPhys);
dc.DrawText(wxString::Format(_T("Line %u (logical %d, physical %d)"),
- line, y, yPhys), 0, y);
+ unsigned(line), y, yPhys), 0, y);
y += m_hLine;
}
}
CalcScrolledPosition(0, y, NULL, &yPhys);
dc.DrawText(wxString::Format(_T("Line %u (logical %d, physical %d)"),
- line, y, yPhys), 0, y);
+ unsigned(line), y, yPhys), 0, y);
y += m_hLine;
}
}
EVT_LEFT_DOWN(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftDown)
EVT_LEFT_UP(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseLeftUp)
EVT_MOTION(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseMove)
+ EVT_MOUSE_CAPTURE_LOST(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseCaptureLost)
EVT_SCROLLWIN(MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnScroll)
END_EVENT_TABLE()
MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow(wxWindow* parent)
- : wxScrolledWindow(parent, -1, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize
+ : wxScrolledWindow(parent, wxID_ANY, wxDefaultPosition, wxDefaultSize
//, wxSUNKEN_BORDER) // can't seem to do it this way
, wxVSCROLL | wxHSCROLL | wxSUNKEN_BORDER)
, m_selStart(-1, -1), m_cursor(-1, -1)
{
if (IsInside(chX, m_selStart.x, m_cursor.x)
&& IsInside(chY, m_selStart.y, m_cursor.y)) {
- return TRUE;
+ return true;
}
- return FALSE;
+ return false;
}
bool MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::IsInside(int k, int bound1, int bound2)
{
if ((k >= bound1 && k <= bound2) || (k >= bound2 && k <= bound1)) {
- return TRUE;
+ return true;
}
- return FALSE;
+ return false;
}
wxRect MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::DCNormalize(wxCoord x, wxCoord y
wxBrush selBrush(wxSystemSettings::GetColour(wxSYS_COLOUR_HIGHLIGHT)
, wxSOLID);
dc.SetPen(*wxTRANSPARENT_PEN);
+ const wxString str = sm_testData;
+ size_t strLength = str.length();
+ wxString::const_iterator str_i;
+
// draw the characters
// 1. for each update region
for (wxRegionIterator upd(GetUpdateRegion()); upd; ++upd) {
- wxSize clientSize = GetClientSize();
wxRect updRect = upd.GetRect();
wxRect updRectInGChars(DeviceCoordsToGraphicalChars(updRect));
// 2. for each row of chars in the update region
for (int chY = updRectInGChars.y
; chY <= updRectInGChars.y + updRectInGChars.height; ++chY) {
// 3. for each character in the row
+ bool isFirstX = true;
for (int chX = updRectInGChars.x
; chX <= updRectInGChars.x + updRectInGChars.width
; ++chX) {
(chX, chY));
// 6. draw!
dc.DrawRectangle(charPos.x, charPos.y, m_fontW, m_fontH);
- if (chY < sm_lineCnt && chX < sm_lineLen) {
- int charIndex = chY * sm_lineLen + chX;
- dc.DrawText(wxString(sm_testData[charIndex])
- , charPos.x, charPos.y);
+ size_t charIndex = chY * sm_lineLen + chX;
+ if (chY < sm_lineCnt &&
+ chX < sm_lineLen &&
+ charIndex < strLength)
+ {
+ if (isFirstX)
+ {
+ str_i = str.begin() + charIndex;
+ isFirstX = false;
+ }
+ dc.DrawText(*str_i, charPos.x, charPos.y);
+ ++str_i;
}
}
}
}
}
+void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnMouseCaptureLost(wxMouseCaptureLostEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
+{
+ // we only capture mouse for timed scrolling, so nothing is needed here
+ // other than making sure to not call event.Skip()
+}
+
void MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::OnScroll(wxScrollWinEvent& event)
{
// need to move the cursor when autoscrolling
// FIXME: the cursor also moves when the scrollbar arrows are clicked
if (HasCapture()) {
if (event.GetOrientation() == wxHORIZONTAL) {
- if (event.m_eventType == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) {
+ if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) {
--m_cursor.x;
- } else if (event.m_eventType == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) {
+ } else if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) {
++m_cursor.x;
}
} else if (event.GetOrientation() == wxVERTICAL) {
- if (event.m_eventType == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) {
+ if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEUP) {
--m_cursor.y;
- } else if (event.m_eventType == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) {
+ } else if (event.GetEventType() == wxEVT_SCROLLWIN_LINEDOWN) {
++m_cursor.y;
}
}
const int MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_lineCnt = 125;
const int MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_lineLen = 79;
-const wxChar* MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_testData = _T("\
-162 Cult of the genius out of vanity.\97 Because we think well of ourselves, but \
-nonetheless never suppose ourselves capable of producing a painting like one of\
-Raphael's or a dramatic scene like one of Shakespeare's, we convince ourselves \
-that the capacity to do so is quite extraordinarily marvelous, a wholly \
-uncommon accident, or, if we are still religiously inclined, a mercy from on \
-high. Thus our vanity, our self-love, promotes the cult of the genius: for only\
-if we think of him as being very remote from us, as a miraculum, does he not \
-aggrieve us (even Goethe, who was without envy, called Shakespeare his star of \
-the most distant heights [\"William! Stern der schönsten Ferne\": from Goethe's, \
-\"Between Two Worlds\"]; in regard to which one might recall the lines: \"the \
-stars, these we do not desire\" [from Goethe's, \"Comfort in Tears\"]). But, aside\
-from these suggestions of our vanity, the activity of the genius seems in no \
-way fundamentally different from the activity of the inventor of machines, the \
-scholar of astronomy or history, the master of tactics. All these activities \
-are explicable if one pictures to oneself people whose thinking is active in \
-one direction, who employ everything as material, who always zealously observe \
-their own inner life and that of others, who perceive everywhere models and \
-incentives, who never tire of combining together the means available to them. \
-Genius too does nothing except learn first how to lay bricks then how to build,\
-except continually seek for material and continually form itself around it. \
-Every activity of man is amazingly complicated, not only that of the genius: \
-but none is a \"miracle.\"\97 Whence, then, the belief that genius exists only in \
-the artist, orator and philosopher? that only they have \"intuition\"? (Whereby \
-they are supposed to possess a kind of miraculous eyeglass with which they can \
-see directly into \"the essence of the thing\"!) It is clear that people speak of\
-") _T("\
-genius only where the effects of the great intellect are most pleasant to them \
-and where they have no desire to feel envious. To call someone \"divine\" means: \
-\"here there is no need for us to compete.\" Then, everything finished and \
-complete is regarded with admiration, everything still becoming is undervalued.\
-But no one can see in the work of the artist how it has become; that is its \
-advantage, for wherever one can see the act of becoming one grows somewhat \
-cool. The finished and perfect art of representation repulses all thinking as \
-to how it has become; it tyrannizes as present completeness and perfection. \
-That is why the masters of the art of representation count above all as gifted \
-with genius and why men of science do not. In reality, this evaluation of the \
-former and undervaluation of the latter is only a piece of childishness in the \
-realm of reason. \
- \
- \
-163 The serious workman.\97 Do not talk about giftedness, inborn talents! One can\
-name great men of all kinds who were very little gifted. The acquired \
-greatness, became \"geniuses\" (as we put it), through qualities the lack of \
-which no one who knew what they were would boast of: they all possessed that \
-seriousness of the efficient workman which first learns to construct the parts \
-properly before it ventures to fashion a great whole; they allowed themselves \
-time for it, because they took more pleasure in making the little, secondary \
-things well than in the effect of a dazzling whole. the recipe for becoming a \
-good novelist, for example, is easy to give, but to carry it out presupposes \
-qualities one is accustomed to overlook when one says \"I do not have enough \
-talent.\" One has only to make a hundred or so sketches for novels, none longer \
-") _T("\
-than two pages but of such distinctness that every word in them is necessary; \
-one should write down anecdotes each day until one has learned how to give them\
-the most pregnant and effective form; one should be tireless in collecting and \
-describing human types and characters; one should above all relate things to \
-others and listen to others relate, keeping one's eyes and ears open for the \
-effect produced on those present, one should travel like a landscape painter or\
-costume designer; one should excerpt for oneself out of the individual sciences\
-everything that will produce an artistic effect when it is well described, one \
-should, finally, reflect on the motives of human actions, disdain no signpost \
-to instruction about them and be a collector of these things by day and night. \
-One should continue in this many-sided exercise some ten years: what is then \
-created in the workshop, however, will be fit to go out into the world.\97 What, \
-however, do most people do? They begin, not with the parts, but with the whole.\
-Perhaps they chance to strike a right note, excite attention and from then on \
-strike worse and worse notes, for good, natural reasons.\97 Sometimes, when the \
-character and intellect needed to formulate such a life-plan are lacking, fate \
-and need take their place and lead the future master step by step through all \
-the stipulations of his trade. \
- \
- \
-164 Peril and profit in the cult of the genius.\97 The belief in great, superior,\
-fruitful spirits is not necessarily, yet nonetheless is very frequently \
-associated with that religious or semi-religious superstition that these \
-spirits are of supra-human origin and possess certain miraculous abilities by \
-virtue of which they acquire their knowledge by quite other means than the rest\
-") _T("\
-of mankind. One ascribes to them, it seems, a direct view of the nature of the \
-world, as it were a hole in the cloak of appearance, and believes that, by \
-virtue of this miraculous seer's vision, they are able to communicate something\
-conclusive and decisive about man and the world without the toil and \
-rigorousness required by science. As long as there continue to be those who \
-believe in the miraculous in the domain of knowledge one can perhaps concede \
-that these people themselves derive some benefit from their belief, inasmuch as\
-through their unconditional subjection to the great spirits they create for \
-their own spirit during its time of development the finest form of discipline \
-and schooling. On the other hand, it is at least questionable whether the \
-superstitious belief in genius, in its privileges and special abilities, is of \
-benefit to the genius himself if it takes root in him. It is in any event a \
-dangerous sign when a man is assailed by awe of himself, whether it be the \
-celebrated Caesar's awe of Caesar or the awe of one's own genius now under \
-consideration; when the sacrificial incense which is properly rendered only to \
-a god penetrates the brain of the genius, so that his head begins to swim and \
-he comes to regard himself as something supra-human. The consequences that \
-slowly result are: the feeling of irresponsibility, of exceptional rights, the \
-belief that he confers a favor by his mere presence, insane rage when anyone \
-attempts even to compare him with others, let alone to rate him beneath them, \
-or to draw attention to lapses in his work. Because he ceases to practice \
-criticism of himself, at last one pinion after the other falls out of his \
-plumage: that superstitious eats at the roots of his powers and perhaps even \
-turns him into a hypocrite after his powers have fled from him. For the great \
-spirits themselves it is therefore probably more beneficial if they acquire an \
-") _T("\
-insight into the nature and origin of their powers, if they grasp, that is to \
-say, what purely human qualities have come together in them and what fortunate \
-circumstances attended them: in the first place undiminished energy, resolute \
-application to individual goals, great personal courage, then the good fortune \
-to receive an upbringing which offered in the early years the finest teachers, \
-models and methods. To be sure, when their goal is the production of the \
-greatest possible effect, unclarity with regard to oneself and that \
-semi-insanity superadded to it has always achieved much; for what has been \
-admired and envied at all times has been that power in them by virtue of which \
-they render men will-less and sweep them away into the delusion that the \
-leaders they are following are supra-natural. Indeed, it elevates and inspires \
-men to believe that someone is in possession of supra-natural powers: to this \
-extent Plato was right to say [Plato: Phaedrus, 244a] that madness has brought \
-the greatest of blessings upon mankind.\97 In rare individual cases this portion \
-of madness may, indeed, actually have been the means by which such a nature, \
-excessive in all directions, was held firmly together: in the life of \
-individuals, too, illusions that are in themselves poisons often play the role \
-of healers; yet, in the end, in the case of every \"genius\" who believes in his \
-own divinity the poison shows itself to the same degree as his \"genius\" grows \
-old: one may recall, for example, the case of Napoleon, whose nature certainly \
-grew into the mighty unity that sets him apart from all men of modern times \
-precisely through his belief in himself and his star and through the contempt \
-for men that flowed from it; until in the end, however, this same belief went \
-over into an almost insane fatalism, robbed him of his acuteness and swiftness \
-of perception, and became the cause of his destruction. \
-");
-
+const wxChar* MyAutoTimedScrollingWindow::sm_testData =
+_T("162 Cult of the genius out of vanity. Because we think well of ourselves, but ")
+_T("nonetheless never suppose ourselves capable of producing a painting like one of ")
+_T("Raphael's or a dramatic scene like one of Shakespeare's, we convince ourselves ")
+_T("that the capacity to do so is quite extraordinarily marvelous, a wholly ")
+_T("uncommon accident, or, if we are still religiously inclined, a mercy from on ")
+_T("high. Thus our vanity, our self-love, promotes the cult of the genius: for only ")
+_T("if we think of him as being very remote from us, as a miraculum, does he not ")
+_T("aggrieve us (even Goethe, who was without envy, called Shakespeare his star of ")
+_T("the most distant heights [\"William! Stern der schonsten Ferne\": from Goethe's, ")
+_T("\"Between Two Worlds\"]; in regard to which one might recall the lines: \"the ")
+_T("stars, these we do not desire\" [from Goethe's, \"Comfort in Tears\"]). But, aside ")
+_T("from these suggestions of our vanity, the activity of the genius seems in no ")
+_T("way fundamentally different from the activity of the inventor of machines, the ")
+_T("scholar of astronomy or history, the master of tactics. All these activities ")
+_T("are explicable if one pictures to oneself people whose thinking is active in ")
+_T("one direction, who employ everything as material, who always zealously observe ")
+_T("their own inner life and that of others, who perceive everywhere models and ")
+_T("incentives, who never tire of combining together the means available to them. ")
+_T("Genius too does nothing except learn first how to lay bricks then how to build, ")
+_T("except continually seek for material and continually form itself around it. ")
+_T("Every activity of man is amazingly complicated, not only that of the genius: ")
+_T("but none is a \"miracle.\" Whence, then, the belief that genius exists only in ")
+_T("the artist, orator and philosopher? that only they have \"intuition\"? (Whereby ")
+_T("they are supposed to possess a kind of miraculous eyeglass with which they can ")
+_T("see directly into \"the essence of the thing\"!) It is clear that people speak of ")
+_T("genius only where the effects of the great intellect are most pleasant to them ")
+_T("and where they have no desire to feel envious. To call someone \"divine\" means: ")
+_T("\"here there is no need for us to compete.\" Then, everything finished and ")
+_T("complete is regarded with admiration, everything still becoming is undervalued. ")
+_T("But no one can see in the work of the artist how it has become; that is its ")
+_T("advantage, for wherever one can see the act of becoming one grows somewhat ")
+_T("cool. The finished and perfect art of representation repulses all thinking as ")
+_T("to how it has become; it tyrannizes as present completeness and perfection. ")
+_T("That is why the masters of the art of representation count above all as gifted ")
+_T("with genius and why men of science do not. In reality, this evaluation of the ")
+_T("former and undervaluation of the latter is only a piece of childishness in the ")
+_T("realm of reason. ")
+_T("\n\n")
+_T("163 The serious workman. Do not talk about giftedness, inborn talents! One can ")
+_T("name great men of all kinds who were very little gifted. The acquired ")
+_T("greatness, became \"geniuses\" (as we put it), through qualities the lack of ")
+_T("which no one who knew what they were would boast of: they all possessed that ")
+_T("seriousness of the efficient workman which first learns to construct the parts ")
+_T("properly before it ventures to fashion a great whole; they allowed themselves ")
+_T("time for it, because they took more pleasure in making the little, secondary ")
+_T("things well than in the effect of a dazzling whole. the recipe for becoming a ")
+_T("good novelist, for example, is easy to give, but to carry it out presupposes ")
+_T("qualities one is accustomed to overlook when one says \"I do not have enough ")
+_T("talent.\" One has only to make a hundred or so sketches for novels, none longer ")
+_T("than two pages but of such distinctness that every word in them is necessary; ")
+_T("one should write down anecdotes each day until one has learned how to give them ")
+_T("the most pregnant and effective form; one should be tireless in collecting and ")
+_T("describing human types and characters; one should above all relate things to ")
+_T("others and listen to others relate, keeping one's eyes and ears open for the ")
+_T("effect produced on those present, one should travel like a landscape painter or ")
+_T("costume designer; one should excerpt for oneself out of the individual sciences ")
+_T("everything that will produce an artistic effect when it is well described, one ")
+_T("should, finally, reflect on the motives of human actions, disdain no signpost ")
+_T("to instruction about them and be a collector of these things by day and night. ")
+_T("One should continue in this many-sided exercise some ten years: what is then ")
+_T("created in the workshop, however, will be fit to go out into the world. What, ")
+_T("however, do most people do? They begin, not with the parts, but with the whole. ")
+_T("Perhaps they chance to strike a right note, excite attention and from then on ")
+_T("strike worse and worse notes, for good, natural reasons. Sometimes, when the ")
+_T("character and intellect needed to formulate such a life-plan are lacking, fate ")
+_T("and need take their place and lead the future master step by step through all ")
+_T("the stipulations of his trade. ")
+_T("\n\n")
+_T("164 Peril and profit in the cult of the genius. The belief in great, superior, ")
+_T("fruitful spirits is not necessarily, yet nonetheless is very frequently ")
+_T("associated with that religious or semi-religious superstition that these ")
+_T("spirits are of supra-human origin and possess certain miraculous abilities by ")
+_T("virtue of which they acquire their knowledge by quite other means than the rest ")
+_T("of mankind. One ascribes to them, it seems, a direct view of the nature of the ")
+_T("world, as it were a hole in the cloak of appearance, and believes that, by ")
+_T("virtue of this miraculous seer's vision, they are able to communicate something ")
+_T("conclusive and decisive about man and the world without the toil and ")
+_T("rigorousness required by science. As long as there continue to be those who ")
+_T("believe in the miraculous in the domain of knowledge one can perhaps concede ")
+_T("that these people themselves derive some benefit from their belief, inasmuch as ")
+_T("through their unconditional subjection to the great spirits they create for ")
+_T("their own spirit during its time of development the finest form of discipline ")
+_T("and schooling. On the other hand, it is at least questionable whether the ")
+_T("superstitious belief in genius, in its privileges and special abilities, is of ")
+_T("benefit to the genius himself if it takes root in him. It is in any event a ")
+_T("dangerous sign when a man is assailed by awe of himself, whether it be the ")
+_T("celebrated Caesar's awe of Caesar or the awe of one's own genius now under ")
+_T("consideration; when the sacrificial incense which is properly rendered only to ")
+_T("a god penetrates the brain of the genius, so that his head begins to swim and ")
+_T("he comes to regard himself as something supra-human. The consequences that ")
+_T("slowly result are: the feeling of irresponsibility, of exceptional rights, the ")
+_T("belief that he confers a favor by his mere presence, insane rage when anyone ")
+_T("attempts even to compare him with others, let alone to rate him beneath them, ")
+_T("or to draw attention to lapses in his work. Because he ceases to practice ")
+_T("criticism of himself, at last one pinion after the other falls out of his ")
+_T("plumage: that superstitious eats at the roots of his powers and perhaps even ")
+_T("turns him into a hypocrite after his powers have fled from him. For the great ")
+_T("spirits themselves it is therefore probably more beneficial if they acquire an ")
+_T("insight into the nature and origin of their powers, if they grasp, that is to ")
+_T("say, what purely human qualities have come together in them and what fortunate ")
+_T("circumstances attended them: in the first place undiminished energy, resolute ")
+_T("application to individual goals, great personal courage, then the good fortune ")
+_T("to receive an upbringing which offered in the early years the finest teachers, ")
+_T("models and methods. To be sure, when their goal is the production of the ")
+_T("greatest possible effect, unclarity with regard to oneself and that ")
+_T("semi-insanity superadded to it has always achieved much; for what has been ")
+_T("admired and envied at all times has been that power in them by virtue of which ")
+_T("they render men will-less and sweep them away into the delusion that the ")
+_T("leaders they are following are supra-natural. Indeed, it elevates and inspires ")
+_T("men to believe that someone is in possession of supra-natural powers: to this ")
+_T("extent Plato was right to say [Plato: Phaedrus, 244a] that madness has brought ")
+_T("the greatest of blessings upon mankind. In rare individual cases this portion ")
+_T("of madness may, indeed, actually have been the means by which such a nature, ")
+_T("excessive in all directions, was held firmly together: in the life of ")
+_T("individuals, too, illusions that are in themselves poisons often play the role ")
+_T("of healers; yet, in the end, in the case of every \"genius\" who believes in his ")
+_T("own divinity the poison shows itself to the same degree as his \"genius\" grows ")
+_T("old: one may recall, for example, the case of Napoleon, whose nature certainly ")
+_T("grew into the mighty unity that sets him apart from all men of modern times ")
+_T("precisely through his belief in himself and his star and through the contempt ")
+_T("for men that flowed from it; until in the end, however, this same belief went ")
+_T("over into an almost insane fatalism, robbed him of his acuteness and swiftness ")
+_T("of perception, and became the cause of his destruction.");
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