Make storing non-trivial data in wxThreadSpecificInfo possible.

[wxWidgets.git] / interface / wx / string.h

diff --git a/interface/wx/string.h b/interface/wx/string.h
index ece56d259fa5d7be2859380018850a4dd74aa644..951719f524bffe2b6f81daee94ca67364af2aa78 100644 (file)
--- a/interface/wx/string.h
+++ b/interface/wx/string.h
@@ -2,331 +2,302 @@
 // Name:        string.h
 // Purpose:     interface of wxStringBuffer, wxString
 // Author:      wxWidgets team
 // Name:        string.h
 // Purpose:     interface of wxStringBuffer, wxString
 // Author:      wxWidgets team

-// RCS-ID:      $Id$
-// Licence:     wxWindows license
+// Licence:     wxWindows licence

 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 

-/**
-    @class wxStringBuffer
-
-    This tiny class allows you to conveniently access the wxString internal buffer
-    as a writable pointer without any risk of forgetting to restore the string
-    to the usable state later.
-
-    For example, assuming you have a low-level OS function called
-    @c "GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(char *)" returning the value in the provided
-    buffer (which must be writable, of course) you might call it like this:
-
-    @code
-        wxString theAnswer;
-        GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(wxStringBuffer(theAnswer, 1024));
-        if ( theAnswer != "42" )
-            wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
-    @endcode
-
-    Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not wxUSE_STL is
-    enabled. If wxUSE_STL is enabled, wxStringBuffer creates a separate empty
-    character buffer, and if wxUSE_STL is disabled, it uses GetWriteBuf() from
-    wxString, keeping the same buffer wxString uses intact. In other words,
-    relying on wxStringBuffer containing the old wxString data is not a good
-    idea if you want to build your program both with and without wxUSE_STL.
-
-    @library{wxbase}
-    @category{data}
-*/
-class wxStringBuffer
-{
-public:
-    /**
-        Constructs a writable string buffer object associated with the given string
-        and containing enough space for at least @a len characters.
-        Basically, this is equivalent to calling wxString::GetWriteBuf() and
-        saving the result.
-    */
-    wxStringBuffer(const wxString& str, size_t len);
-
-    /**
-        Restores the string passed to the constructor to the usable state by calling
-        wxString::UngetWriteBuf() on it.
-    */
-    ~wxStringBuffer();
-
-    /**
-        Returns the writable pointer to a buffer of the size at least equal to the
-        length specified in the constructor.
-    */
-    wxStringCharType* operator wxStringCharType *();
-};
-
-

 
 /**
     @class wxString
 
 
 /**
     @class wxString
 

-    The wxString class has been completely rewritten for wxWidgets 3.0
-    and this change was actually the main reason for the calling that
-    version wxWidgets 3.0.
-
-    wxString is a class representing a Unicode character string.
-    wxString uses @c std::string internally to store its content
-    unless this is not supported by the compiler or disabled
-    specifically when building wxWidgets and it therefore inherits
-    many features from @c std::string. Most implementations of
-    @c std::string are thread-safe and don't use reference counting.
-    By default, wxString uses @c std::string internally even if
-    wxUSE_STL is not defined.
-
-    wxString now internally uses UTF-16 under Windows and UTF-8 under
-    Unix, Linux and OS X to store its content. Note that when iterating
-    over a UTF-16 string under Windows, the user code has to take care
-    of surrogate pair handling whereas Windows itself has built-in
-    support pairs in UTF-16, such as for drawing strings on screen.
-
-    Much work has been done to make existing code using ANSI string literals
-    work as before. If you nonetheless need to have a wxString that uses wchar_t
-    on Unix and Linux, too, you can specify this on the command line with the
-    @c configure @c --disable-utf8 switch or you can consider using wxUString
-    or std::wstring instead.
-
-    Accessing a UTF-8 string by index can be very inefficient because
-    a single character is represented by a variable number of bytes so that
-    the entire string has to be parsed in order to find the character.
-    Since iterating over a string by index is a common programming technique and
-    was also possible and encouraged by wxString using the access operator[]()
-    wxString implements caching of the last used index so that iterating over
-    a string is a linear operation even in UTF-8 mode.
-
-    It is nonetheless recommended to use iterators (instead of index based
-    access) like this:
-
-    @code
-    wxString s = "hello";
-    wxString::const_iterator i;
-    for (i = s.begin(); i != s.end(); ++i)
-    {
-        wxUniChar uni_ch = *i;
-        // do something with it
-    }
-    @endcode
-
-    Please see the @ref overview_string and the @ref overview_unicode for more
-    information about it.
-
-    wxString uses the current locale encoding to convert any C string
-    literal to Unicode. The same is done for converting to and from
-    @c std::string and for the return value of c_str().
-    For this conversion, the @a wxConvLibc class instance is used.
-    See wxCSConv and wxMBConv.
-
-    wxString implements most of the methods of the @c std::string class.
-    These standard functions are only listed here, but they are not
-    fully documented in this manual. Please see the STL documentation.
-    The behaviour of all these functions is identical to the behaviour
-    described there.
-
-    You may notice that wxString sometimes has several functions which do
-    the same thing like Length(), Len() and length() which
-    all return the string length. In all cases of such duplication the
-    @c std::string compatible method should be used.
-
-
-    @section string_construct Constructors and assignment operators
-
-    A string may be constructed either from a C string, (some number of copies of)
-    a single character or a wide (Unicode) string. For all constructors (except the
-    default which creates an empty string) there is also a corresponding assignment
-    operator.
-
-    @li wxString()
-    @li operator=()
-    @li ~wxString()
-    @li assign()
-
-
-    @section string_len String length
-
-    These functions return the string length and check whether the string
-    is empty or they empty it.
-
-    @li length()
-    @li size()
-    @li Len()
-    @li IsEmpty()
-    @li operator!()
-    @li Empty()
-    @li Clear()
-
-
-    @section string_access Character access
-
-    Many functions below take a character index in the string. As with C
-    strings and arrays, the indices start from 0, so the first character of a
-    string is string[0]. An attempt to access a character beyond the end of the
-    string (which may even be 0 if the string is empty) will provoke an assert
-    failure in @ref overview_debugging "debug builds", but no checks are
-    done in release builds.
-
-    This section also contains both implicit and explicit conversions to C style
-    strings. Although implicit conversion is quite convenient, you are advised
-    to use wc_str() for the sake of clarity.
-
-    @li GetChar()
-    @li GetWritableChar()
-    @li SetChar()
-    @li Last()
-    @li operator[]()
-    @li wc_str()
-    @li utf8_str()
-    @li c_str()
-    @li wx_str()
-    @li mb_str()
-    @li fn_str()
-
-
-    @section string_concat Concatenation
-
-    Anything may be concatenated (appended to) with a string. However, you can't
-    append something to a C string (including literal constants), so to do this it
-    should be converted to a wxString first.
-
-    @li insert()
-    @li append()
-    @li operator<<()
-    @li operator+=()
-    @li operator+()
-    @li Append()
-    @li Prepend()
-
-
-    @section string_comp Comparison
-
-    The default comparison function Cmp() is case-sensitive and so is the default
-    version of IsSameAs(). For case insensitive comparisons you should use CmpNoCase()
-    or give a second parameter to IsSameAs(). This last function is maybe more
-    convenient if only equality of the strings matters because it returns a boolean
-    @true value if the strings are the same and not 0 (which is usually @false
-    in C) as Cmp() does.
-
-    Matches() is a poor man's regular expression matcher: it only understands
-    '*' and '?' metacharacters in the sense of DOS command line interpreter.
-
-    StartsWith() is helpful when parsing a line of text which should start
-    with some predefined prefix and is more efficient than doing direct string
-    comparison as you would also have to precalculate the length of the prefix.
-
-    @li compare()
-    @li Cmp()
-    @li CmpNoCase()
-    @li IsSameAs()
-    @li Matches()
-    @li StartsWith()
-    @li EndsWith()
-
-
-    @section string_substring Substring extraction
-
-    These functions allow you to extract a substring from the string. The
-    original string is not modified and the function returns the extracted
-    substring.
-
-    @li substr()
-    @li Mid()
-    @li operator()()
-    @li Left()
-    @li Right()
-    @li BeforeFirst()
-    @li BeforeLast()
-    @li AfterFirst()
-    @li AfterLast()
-    @li StartsWith()
-    @li EndsWith()
-
-
-    @section string_case Case conversion
-
-    The MakeXXX() variants modify the string in place, while the other functions
-    return a new string which contains the original text converted to the upper or
-    lower case and leave the original string unchanged.
-
-    @li MakeUpper()
-    @li Upper()
-    @li MakeLower()
-    @li Lower()
-    @li MakeCapitalized()
-    @li Capitalize()
-
-
-    @section string_search Searching and replacing
-
-    These functions replace the standard @e strchr() and @e strstr()
-    functions.
-
-    @li find()
-    @li rfind()
-    @li replace()
-    @li Find()
-    @li Replace()
-
-
-    @section string_conv Conversion to numbers
-
-    The string provides functions for conversion to signed and unsigned integer and
-    floating point numbers. All functions take a pointer to the variable to
-    put the numeric value in and return @true if the @b entire string could be
-    converted to a number.
-
-    @li ToLong()
-    @li ToLongLong()
-    @li ToULong()
-    @li ToULongLong()
-    @li ToDouble()
-
-
-    @section string_fmt Writing values into the string
-
-    Both formatted versions (Printf/() and stream-like insertion operators
-    exist (for basic types only). Additionally, the Format() function allows
-    you to simply append a formatted value to a string:
-
-    @li Format()
-    @li FormatV()
-    @li Printf()
-    @li PrintfV()
-    @li operator>>()
-
-
-    @section string_mem Memory management
-
-    The following are "advanced" functions and they will be needed rarely.
-    Alloc() and Shrink() are only interesting for optimization purposes.
-    wxStringBuffer and wxStringBufferLength classes may be very useful
-    when working with some external API which requires the caller to provide
-    a writable buffer.
-
-    @li reserve()
-    @li resize()
-    @li Alloc()
-    @li Shrink()
-    @li wxStringBuffer
-    @li wxStringBufferLength
-
-
-    @section string_misc Miscellaneous
-
-    Miscellaneous other string functions.
+    String class for passing textual data to or receiving it from wxWidgets.
+
+    @note
+    While the use of wxString is unavoidable in wxWidgets program, you are
+    encouraged to use the standard string classes @c std::string or @c
+    std::wstring in your applications and convert them to and from wxString
+    only when interacting with wxWidgets.
+
+
+    wxString is a class representing a Unicode character string but with
+    methods taking or returning both @c wchar_t wide characters and @c wchar_t*
+    wide strings and traditional @c char characters and @c char* strings. The
+    dual nature of wxString API makes it simple to use in all cases and,
+    importantly, allows the code written for either ANSI or Unicode builds of
+    the previous wxWidgets versions to compile and work correctly with the
+    single unified Unicode build of wxWidgets 3.0. It is also mostly
+    transparent when using wxString with the few exceptions described below.
+
+
+    @section string_api API overview
+
+    wxString tries to be similar to both @c std::string and @c std::wstring and
+    can mostly be used as either class. It provides practically all of the
+    methods of these classes, which behave exactly the same as in the standard
+    C++, and so are not documented here (please see any standard library
+    documentation, for example http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string for more
+    details).
+
+    In addition to these standard methods, wxString adds functions dealing with
+    the conversions between different string encodings, described below, as
+    well as many extra helpers such as functions for formatted output
+    (Printf(), Format(), ...), case conversion (MakeUpper(), Capitalize(), ...)
+    and various others (Trim(), StartsWith(), Matches(), ...). All of the
+    non-standard methods follow wxWidgets "CamelCase" naming convention and are
+    documented here.
+
+    Notice that some wxString methods exist in several versions for
+    compatibility reasons. For example all of length(), Length() and Len() are
+    provided. In such cases it is recommended to use the standard string-like
+    method, i.e. length() in this case.
+
+
+    @section string_conv Converting to and from wxString
+
+    wxString can be created from:
+        - ASCII string guaranteed to contain only 7 bit characters using
+        wxString::FromAscii().
+        - Narrow @c char* string in the current locale encoding using implicit
+        wxString::wxString(const char*) constructor.
+        - Narrow @c char* string in UTF-8 encoding using wxString::FromUTF8().
+        - Narrow @c char* string in the given encoding using
+        wxString::wxString(const char*, const wxMBConv&) constructor passing a
+        wxCSConv corresponding to the encoding as the second argument.
+        - Standard @c std::string using implicit wxString::wxString(const
+        std::string&) constructor. Notice that this constructor supposes that
+        the string contains data in the current locale encoding, use FromUTF8()
+        or the constructor taking wxMBConv if this is not the case.
+        - Wide @c wchar_t* string using implicit wxString::wxString(const
+        wchar_t*) constructor.
+        - Standard @c std::wstring using implicit wxString::wxString(const
+        std::wstring&) constructor.
+
+    Notice that many of the constructors are implicit, meaning that you don't
+    even need to write them at all to pass the existing string to some
+    wxWidgets function taking a wxString.
+
+    Similarly, wxString can be converted to:
+        - ASCII string using wxString::ToAscii(). This is a potentially
+        destructive operation as all non-ASCII string characters are replaced
+        with a placeholder character.
+        - String in the current locale encoding implicitly or using c_str() or
+        mb_str() methods. This is a potentially destructive operation as an @e
+        empty string is returned if the conversion fails.
+        - String in UTF-8 encoding using wxString::utf8_str().
+        - String in any given encoding using mb_str() with the appropriate
+        wxMBConv object. This is also a potentially destructive operation.
+        - Standard @c std::string using wxString::ToStdString(). The contents
+        of the returned string use the current locale encoding, so this
+        conversion is potentially destructive as well.
+        - Wide C string using wxString::wc_str().
+        - Standard @c std::wstring using wxString::ToStdWstring().
+
+    @note If you built wxWidgets with @c wxUSE_STL set to 1, the implicit
+        conversions to both narrow and wide C strings are disabled and replaced
+        with implicit conversions to @c std::string and @c std::wstring.
+
+    Please notice that the conversions marked as "potentially destructive"
+    above can result in loss of data if their result is not checked, so you
+    need to verify that converting the contents of a non-empty Unicode string
+    to a non-UTF-8 multibyte encoding results in non-empty string. The simplest
+    and best way to ensure that the conversion never fails is to always use
+    UTF-8.
+
+
+    @section string_gotchas Traps for the unwary
+
+    As mentioned above, wxString tries to be compatible with both narrow and
+    wide standard string classes and mostly does it transparently, but there
+    are some exceptions.
+
+    @subsection string_gotchas_element String element access
+
+    Some problems are caused by wxString::operator[]() which returns an object
+    of a special proxy class allowing to assign either a simple @c char or a @c
+    wchar_t to the given index. Because of this, the return type of this
+    operator is neither @c char nor @c wchar_t nor a reference to one of these
+    types but wxUniCharRef which is not a primitive type and hence can't be
+    used in the @c switch statement. So the following code does @e not compile
+        @code
+            wxString s(...);
+            switch ( s[n] ) {
+                case 'A':
+                    ...
+                    break;
+            }
+        @endcode
+    and you need to use
+        @code
+            switch ( s[n].GetValue() ) {
+                ...
+            }
+        @endcode
+    instead. Alternatively, you can use an explicit cast:
+        @code
+            switch ( static_cast<char>(s[n]) ) {
+                ...
+            }
+        @endcode
+    but notice that this will result in an assert failure if the character at
+    the given position is not representable as a single @c char in the current
+    encoding, so you may want to cast to @c int instead if non-ASCII values can
+    be used.
+
+    Another consequence of this unusual return type arises when it is used with
+    template deduction or C++11 @c auto keyword. Unlike with the normal
+    references which are deduced to be of the referenced type, the deduced type
+    for wxUniCharRef is wxUniCharRef itself. This results in potentially
+    unexpected behaviour, for example:
+        @code
+            wxString s("abc");
+            auto c = s[0];
+            c = 'x';            // Modifies the string!
+            wxASSERT( s == "xbc" );
+        @endcode
+    Due to this, either explicitly specify the variable type:
+        @code
+            int c = s[0];
+            c = 'x';            // Doesn't modify the string any more.
+            wxASSERT( s == "abc" );
+        @endcode
+    or explicitly convert the return value:
+        @code
+            auto c = s[0].GetValue();
+            c = 'x';            // Doesn't modify the string neither.
+            wxASSERT( s == "abc" );
+        @endcode

 
 

-    @li Trim()
-    @li Truncate()
-    @li Pad()

 
 

+    @subsection string_gotchas_conv Conversion to C string

 
 

-    @section string_compat wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility functions
+    A different class of problems happens due to the dual nature of the return
+    value of wxString::c_str() method, which is also used for implicit
+    conversions. The result of calls to this method is convertible to either
+    narrow @c char* string or wide @c wchar_t* string and so, again, has
+    neither the former nor the latter type. Usually, the correct type will be
+    chosen depending on how you use the result but sometimes the compiler can't
+    choose it because of an ambiguity, e.g.:
+        @code
+            // Some non-wxWidgets functions existing for both narrow and wide
+            // strings:
+            void dump_text(const char* text);       // Version (1)
+            void dump_text(const wchar_t* text);    // Version (2)
+
+            wxString s(...);
+            dump_text(s);           // ERROR: ambiguity.
+            dump_text(s.c_str());   // ERROR: still ambiguous.
+        @endcode
+    In this case you need to explicitly convert to the type that you need to
+    use or use a different, non-ambiguous, conversion function (which is
+    usually the best choice):
+        @code
+            dump_text(static_cast<const char*>(s));            // OK, calls (1)
+            dump_text(static_cast<const wchar_t*>(s.c_str())); // OK, calls (2)
+            dump_text(s.mb_str());                             // OK, calls (1)
+            dump_text(s.wc_str());                             // OK, calls (2)
+            dump_text(s.wx_str());                             // OK, calls ???
+        @endcode

 
 

-    The following functions are deprecated.
-    Please consider using @c std::string compatible variants.
+    @subsection string_vararg Using wxString with vararg functions

 
 

-    Contains(), First(), Freq(), IsAscii(), IsNull(), IsNumber(), IsWord(),
-    Last(), Length(), LowerCase(), Remove(), Strip(), SubString(), UpperCase()
+    A special subclass of the problems arising due to the polymorphic nature of
+    wxString::c_str() result type happens when using functions taking an
+    arbitrary number of arguments, such as the standard @c printf(). Due to the
+    rules of the C++ language, the types for the "variable" arguments of such
+    functions are not specified and hence the compiler cannot convert wxString
+    objects, or the objects returned by wxString::c_str(), to these unknown
+    types automatically. Hence neither wxString objects nor the results of most
+    of the conversion functions can be passed as vararg arguments:
+        @code
+            // ALL EXAMPLES HERE DO NOT WORK, DO NOT USE THEM!
+            printf("Don't do this: %s", s);
+            printf("Don't do that: %s", s.c_str());
+            printf("Nor even this: %s", s.mb_str());
+            wprintf("And even not always this: %s", s.wc_str());
+        @endcode
+    Instead you need to either explicitly cast to the needed type:
+        @code
+            // These examples work but are not the best solution, see below.
+            printf("You can do this: %s", static_cast<const char*>(s));
+            printf("Or this: %s", static_cast<const char*>(s.c_str()));
+            printf("And this: %s", static_cast<const char*>(s.mb_str()));
+            wprintf("Or this: %s", static_cast<const wchar_t*>(s.wc_str()));
+        @endcode
+    But a better solution is to use wxWidgets-provided functions, if possible,
+    as is the case for @c printf family of functions:
+        @code
+            // This is the recommended way.
+            wxPrintf("You can do just this: %s", s);
+            wxPrintf("And this (but it is redundant): %s", s.c_str());
+            wxPrintf("And this (not using Unicode): %s", s.mb_str());
+            wxPrintf("And this (always Unicode): %s", s.wc_str());
+        @endcode
+    Notice that wxPrintf() replaces both @c printf() and @c wprintf() and
+    accepts wxString objects, results of c_str() calls but also @c char* and
+    @c wchar_t* strings directly.
+
+    wxWidgets provides wx-prefixed equivalents to all the standard vararg
+    functions and a few more, notably wxString::Format(), wxLogMessage(),
+    wxLogError() and other log functions. But if you can't use one of those
+    functions and need to pass wxString objects to non-wx vararg functions, you
+    need to use the explicit casts as explained above.
+
+
+    @section string_performance Performance characteristics
+
+    wxString uses @c std::basic_string internally to store its content (unless
+    this is not supported by the compiler or disabled specifically when
+    building wxWidgets) and it therefore inherits many features from @c
+    std::basic_string. In particular, most modern implementations of @c
+    std::basic_string are thread-safe and don't use reference counting (making
+    copying large strings potentially expensive) and so wxString has the same
+    characteristics.
+
+    By default, wxString uses @c std::basic_string specialized for the
+    platform-dependent @c wchar_t type, meaning that it is not memory-efficient
+    for ASCII strings, especially under Unix platforms where every ASCII
+    character, normally fitting in a byte, is represented by a 4 byte @c
+    wchar_t.
+
+    It is possible to build wxWidgets with @c wxUSE_UNICODE_UTF8 set to 1 in
+    which case an UTF-8-encoded string representation is stored in @c
+    std::basic_string specialized for @c char, i.e. the usual @c std::string.
+    In this case the memory efficiency problem mentioned above doesn't arise
+    but run-time performance of many wxString methods changes dramatically, in
+    particular accessing the N-th character of the string becomes an operation
+    taking O(N) time instead of O(1), i.e. constant, time by default. Thus, if
+    you do use this so called UTF-8 build, you should avoid using indices to
+    access the strings whenever possible and use the iterators instead. As an
+    example, traversing the string using iterators is an O(N), where N is the
+    string length, operation in both the normal ("wchar_t") and UTF-8 builds
+    but doing it using indices becomes O(N^2) in UTF-8 case meaning that simply
+    checking every character of a reasonably long (e.g. a couple of millions
+    elements) string can take an unreasonably long time.
+
+    However, if you do use iterators, UTF-8 build can be a better choice than
+    the default build, especially for the memory-constrained embedded systems.
+    Notice also that GTK+ and DirectFB use UTF-8 internally, so using this
+    build not only saves memory for ASCII strings but also avoids conversions
+    between wxWidgets and the underlying toolkit.
+
+
+    @section string_index Index of the member groups
+
+    Links for quick access to the various categories of wxString functions:
+    - @ref_member_group{ctor, Constructors and assignment operators}
+    - @ref_member_group{length, Length functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{ch_access, Character access functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{conv, Conversions functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{concat, Concatenation functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{cmp, Comparison functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{substring, Substring extraction functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{caseconv, Case conversion functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{search, Searching and replacing functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{numconv, Conversion to numbers functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{fmt, Formatting and printing functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{mem, Memory management functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{misc, Miscellaneous functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{iter, Iterator interface functions}
+    - @ref_member_group{stl, STL interface functions}

 
 
     @library{wxbase}
 
 
     @library{wxbase}


@@ -335,18 +306,17 @@ public:
     @stdobjects
     ::wxEmptyString
 
     @stdobjects
     ::wxEmptyString
 

-    @see @ref overview_string, @ref overview_unicode, wxUString
+    @see @ref overview_string, @ref overview_unicode,
+         @ref group_funcmacro_string "String-related functions", wxUString,
+         wxCharBuffer, wxUniChar, wxStringTokenizer, wxStringBuffer, wxStringBufferLength

 */
 class wxString
 {
 public:
 */
 class wxString
 {
 public:

-    /**
-        An 'invalid' value for string index
-    */
-    static const size_t npos;
-

     /**
         @name Standard types
     /**
         @name Standard types

+
+        Types used with wxString.

     */
     //@{
     typedef wxUniChar value_type;
     */
     //@{
     typedef wxUniChar value_type;


@@ -358,6 +328,19 @@ public:
     typedef wxUniChar const_reference;
     //@}
 
     typedef wxUniChar const_reference;
     //@}
 

+
+    /**
+        @member_group_name{ctor, Constructors and assignment operators}
+
+        A string may be constructed either from a C string, (some number of copies of)
+        a single character or a wide (Unicode) string. For all constructors (except the
+        default which creates an empty string) there is also a corresponding assignment
+        operator.
+
+        See also the assign() STL-like function.
+    */
+    //@{
+

     /**
        Default constructor
     */
     /**
        Default constructor
     */


@@ -365,68 +348,91 @@ public:
 
     /**
        Creates a string from another string.
 
     /**
        Creates a string from another string.

-        Just increases the ref count by 1.
+       Just increases the ref count by 1.

     */
     wxString(const wxString& stringSrc);
 
     */
     wxString(const wxString& stringSrc);
 

+    /**
+       Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch.
+    */
+    wxString(wxUniChar ch, size_t nRepeat = 1);
+
+    /**
+       Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch.
+    */
+    wxString(wxUniCharRef ch, size_t nRepeat = 1);
+
+    /**
+       Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch
+       converted to Unicode using the current locale encoding.
+    */
+    wxString(char ch, size_t nRepeat = 1);
+
+    /**
+       Construct a string consisting of @a nRepeat copies of ch.
+    */
+    wxString(wchar_t ch, size_t nRepeat = 1);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-       Constructs a string from the string literal @e psz using
+       Constructs a string from the string literal @a psz using

        the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
     */
     wxString(const char *psz);
 
     /**
        the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
     */
     wxString(const char *psz);
 
     /**

-       Constructs a string from the string literal @e psz using
-       @e conv to convert it Unicode.
+       Constructs a string from the string literal @a psz using
+       @a conv to convert it Unicode.

     */
     wxString(const char *psz, const wxMBConv& conv);
 
     /**
     */
     wxString(const char *psz, const wxMBConv& conv);
 
     /**

-       Constructs a string from the first @e nLength character of the string literal @e psz using
+       Constructs a string from the first @a nLength character of the string literal @a psz using

        the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
     */
     wxString(const char *psz, size_t nLength);
 
     /**
        the current locale encoding to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
     */
     wxString(const char *psz, size_t nLength);
 
     /**

-       Constructs a string from the first @e nLength character of the string literal @e psz using
-       @e conv to convert it Unicode.
+       Constructs a string from the first @a nLength character of the string literal @a psz using
+       @a conv to convert it Unicode.

     */
     wxString(const char *psz, const wxMBConv& conv, size_t nLength);
 
     /**
     */
     wxString(const char *psz, const wxMBConv& conv, size_t nLength);
 
     /**

-       Constructs a string from the string literal @e pwz.
+       Constructs a string from the string literal @a pwz.

     */
     wxString(const wchar_t *pwz);
 
     /**
     */
     wxString(const wchar_t *pwz);
 
     /**

-       Constructs a string from the first @e nLength characters of the string literal @e pwz.
+       Constructs a string from the first @a nLength characters of the string literal @a pwz.

     */
     wxString(const wchar_t *pwz, size_t nLength);
 
     /**
     */
     wxString(const wchar_t *pwz, size_t nLength);
 
     /**

-       Constructs a string from @e buf using the using the current locale
+       Constructs a string from @a buf using the using the current locale

         encoding to convert it to Unicode.
     */
     wxString(const wxCharBuffer& buf);
 
     /**
         encoding to convert it to Unicode.
     */
     wxString(const wxCharBuffer& buf);
 
     /**

-       Constructs a string from @e buf.
+       Constructs a string from @a buf.

     */
     wxString(const wxWCharBuffer& buf);
 
     /**
     */
     wxString(const wxWCharBuffer& buf);
 
     /**

-       Constructs a string from @e str using the using the current locale encoding
+       Constructs a string from @a str using the using the current locale encoding

        to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).
        to convert it to Unicode (wxConvLibc).

+
+       @see ToStdString()

     */
     wxString(const std::string& str);
 
     /**
     */
     wxString(const std::string& str);
 
     /**

-       Constructs a string from @e str.
+       Constructs a string from @a str.
+
+       @see ToStdWstring()

     */
     wxString(const std::wstring& str);
 
     */
     wxString(const std::wstring& str);
 

-

     /**
         String destructor.
 
     /**
         String destructor.
 


@@ -435,401 +441,639 @@ public:
     ~wxString();
 
     /**
     ~wxString();
 
     /**

-        Gets all the characters after the first occurrence of @e ch.
-        Returns the empty string if @e ch is not found.
+        Assignment: see the relative wxString constructor.

     */
     */

-    wxString AfterFirst(wxUniChar ch) const;
+    wxString operator =(const wxString& str);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Gets all the characters after the last occurrence of @e ch.
-        Returns the whole string if @e ch is not found.
+        Assignment: see the relative wxString constructor.

     */
     */

-    wxString AfterLast(wxUniChar ch) const;
-
-    /**
-        Preallocate enough space for wxString to store @a nLen characters.
-
-        Please note that this method does the same thing as the standard
-        reserve() one and shouldn't be used in new code.
+    wxString operator =(wxUniChar c);

 
 

-        This function may be used to increase speed when the string is
-        constructed by repeated concatenation as in
+    //@}

 
 

-        @code
-            // delete all vowels from the string
-            wxString DeleteAllVowels(const wxString& original)
-            {
-                wxString result;

 
 

-                size_t len = original.length();

 
 

-                result.Alloc(len);
+    /**
+        @member_group_name{length, String length}

 
 

-                for ( size_t n = 0; n < len; n++ )
-                {
-                    if ( strchr("aeuio", tolower(original[n])) == NULL )
-                        result += original[n];
-                }
+        These functions return the string length and/or check whether the string
+        is empty.

 
 

-                return result;
-            }
-        @endcode
+        See also the length(), size() or empty() STL-like functions.
+    */
+    //@{

 
 

-        because it will avoid the need to reallocate string memory many times
-        (in case of long strings). Note that it does not set the maximal length
-        of a string -- it will still expand if more than @a nLen characters are
-        stored in it. Also, it does not truncate the existing string (use
-        Truncate() for this) even if its current length is greater than @a nLen.

 
 

-        @return @true if memory was successfully allocated, @false otherwise.
+    /**
+        Returns the length of the string.

     */
     */

-    bool Alloc(size_t nLen);
+    size_t Len() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-       Appends the string literal @e psz.
+        Returns the length of the string (same as Len).
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
+        code.

     */
     */

-    wxString& Append(const char* psz);
+    size_t Length() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-       Appends the wide string literal @e pwz.
+        Returns @true if the string is empty.

     */
     */

-    wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz)
+    bool IsEmpty() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-       Appends the string literal @e psz with max length @e nLen.
+        Returns @true if the string is empty (same as wxString::IsEmpty).
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
+        code.

     */
     */

-    wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz);
+    bool IsNull() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-       Appends the wide string literal @e psz with max length @e nLen.
+        Empty string is @false, so !string will only return @true if the
+        string is empty.
+
+        @see IsEmpty().

     */
     */

-    wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz, size_t nLen)
+    bool operator!() const;
+
+    //@}
+
+

 
     /**
 
     /**

-       Appends the string @e s.
+        @member_group_name{ch_access, Character access}
+
+        Many functions below take a character index in the string.
+        As with C strings and arrays, the indices start from 0, so the first character
+        of a string is string[0]. An attempt to access a character beyond the end of the
+        string (which may even be 0 if the string is empty) will provoke an assert
+        failure in @ref overview_debugging "debug builds", but no checks are
+        done in release builds.

     */
     */

-    wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz, size_t nLen);
+    //@{

 
     /**
 
     /**

-       Appends the character @e ch @e count times.
+        Returns the character at position @a n (read-only).

     */
     */

-    wxString &Append(wxUniChar ch, size_t count = 1u);
+    wxUniChar GetChar(size_t n) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Gets all characters before the first occurrence of @e ch.
-        Returns the whole string if @a ch is not found.
+        wxWidgets compatibility conversion. Same as c_str().

     */
     */

-    wxString BeforeFirst(wxUniChar ch) const;
+    const wxCStrData GetData() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Gets all characters before the last occurrence of @e ch.
-        Returns the empty string if @a ch is not found.
+        Returns a reference to the character at position @a n.

     */
     */

-    wxString BeforeLast(wxUniChar ch) const;
+    wxUniCharRef GetWritableChar(size_t n);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Return the copy of the string with the first string character in the
-        upper case and the subsequent ones in the lower case.
-
-        @since 2.9.0
+        Returns a writable buffer of at least @a len bytes.

 
 

-        @see MakeCapitalized()
-     */
-    wxString Capitalize() const;
+        It returns a pointer to a new memory block, and the existing data will not be copied.
+        Call UngetWriteBuf() as soon as possible to put the string back into a reasonable state.

 
 

-    /**
-        Empties the string and frees memory occupied by it.
-        See also: Empty()
+        This method is deprecated, please use wxStringBuffer or wxStringBufferLength instead.

     */
     */

-    void Clear();
+    wxStringCharType* GetWriteBuf(size_t len);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns a deep copy of the string.
-
-        That is, the returned string is guaranteed to not share data with this
-        string when using reference-counted wxString implementation.
+        Puts the string back into a reasonable state (in which it can be used
+        normally), after GetWriteBuf() was called.

 
 

-        This method is primarily useful for passing strings between threads
-        (because wxString is not thread-safe). Unlike creating a copy using
-        @c wxString(c_str()), Clone() handles embedded NULs correctly.
+        The version of the function without the @a len parameter will calculate the
+        new string length itself assuming that the string is terminated by the first
+        @c NUL character in it while the second one will use the specified length
+        and thus is the only version which should be used with the strings with
+        embedded @c NULs (it is also slightly more efficient as @c strlen()
+        doesn't have to be called).

 
 

-        @since 2.9.0
-     */
-    wxString Clone() const;
+        This method is deprecated, please use wxStringBuffer or wxStringBufferLength instead.
+    */
+    void UngetWriteBuf();

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Case-sensitive comparison.
-        Returns a positive value if the string is greater than the argument,
-        zero if it is equal to it or a negative value if it is less than the
-        argument (same semantics as the standard @c strcmp() function).
+        @overload
+    */
+    void UngetWriteBuf(size_t len);

 
 

-        See also CmpNoCase(), IsSameAs().
+    /**
+        Sets the character at position @e n.

     */
     */

-    int Cmp(const wxString& s) const;
+    void SetChar(size_t n, wxUniChar ch);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Case-insensitive comparison.
-        Returns a positive value if the string is greater than the argument,
-        zero if it is equal to it or a negative value if it is less than the
-        argument (same semantics as the standard @c strcmp() function).
+        Returns the last character.

 
 

-        See also Cmp(), IsSameAs().
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
+        you should not use it in new code.

     */
     */

-    int CmpNoCase(const wxString& s) const;
+    wxUniChar Last() const;

 
 

+    /**
+        Returns a reference to the last character (writable).
+
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
+        you should not use it in new code.
+    */
+    wxUniCharRef Last();
+
+    /**
+        Returns the @a i-th character of the string.
+    */
+    wxUniChar operator [](size_t i) const;

 
 

-    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        Comparison operators
-    */
-    bool operator ==(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
-    bool operator ==(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
-    bool operator !=(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
-    bool operator !=(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
-    bool operator(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
-    bool operator(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
-    bool operator =(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
-    bool operator =(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
-    bool operator(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
-    bool operator(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
-    bool operator =(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
-    bool operator =(const wxString& x, wxUniChar ch);
+        Returns a writable reference to the @a i-th character of the string.
+    */
+    wxUniCharRef operator [](size_t i);
+

     //@}
 
 
     /**
     //@}
 
 
     /**

-        Returns @true if target appears anywhere in wxString; else @false.
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
-        code.
+        @member_group_name{conv, Conversions}
+
+        This section contains both implicit and explicit conversions to C style
+        strings. Although implicit conversion is quite convenient, you are advised
+        to use wc_str() for the sake of clarity.

     */
     */

-    bool Contains(const wxString& str) const;
+    //@{
+
+    /**
+        Returns a lightweight intermediate class which is in turn implicitly
+        convertible to both @c const @c char* and to @c const @c wchar_t*.
+        Given this ambiguity it is mostly better to use wc_str(), mb_str() or
+        utf8_str() instead.
+
+        Please see the @ref overview_unicode for more information about it.

 
 

+        Note that the returned value is not convertible to @c char* or
+        @c wchar_t*, use char_str() or wchar_str() if you need to pass
+        string value to a function expecting non-const pointer.
+
+        @see wc_str(), utf8_str(), c_str(), mb_str(), fn_str()
+    */
+    wxCStrData c_str() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Makes the string empty, but doesn't free memory occupied by the string.
-        See also: Clear().
+        Returns an object with string data that is implicitly convertible to
+        @c char* pointer. Note that any change to the returned buffer is lost and so
+        this function is only usable for passing strings to legacy libraries that
+        don't have const-correct API. Use wxStringBuffer if you want to modify
+        the string.
+
+        @see c_str()

     */
     */

-    void Empty();
+    wxWritableCharBuffer char_str(const wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        This function can be used to test if the string ends with the specified
-        @e suffix. If it does, the function will return @true and put the
-        beginning of the string before the suffix into @e rest string if it is not
-        @NULL. Otherwise, the function returns @false and doesn't
-        modify the @e rest.
+        Returns buffer of the specified type containing the string data.
+
+        This method is only useful in template code, otherwise you should
+        directly call mb_str() or wc_str() if you need to retrieve a narrow or
+        wide string from this wxString. The template parameter @a t should be
+        either @c char or @c wchar_t.
+
+        Notice that retrieving a char buffer in UTF-8 build will return the
+        internal string representation in UTF-8 while in wchar_t build the char
+        buffer will contain the conversion of the string to the encoding of the
+        current locale (and so can fail).
+
+        @param len
+            If non-@NULL, filled with the length of the returned buffer.
+
+        @return
+            buffer containing the string contents in the specified type,
+            notice that it may be @NULL if the conversion failed (e.g. Unicode
+            string couldn't be converted to the current encoding when @a T is
+            @c char).
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    wxCharTypeBuffer<T> tchar_str(size_t *len = NULL) const;
+
+    /**
+        Returns a string representation suitable for passing to OS' functions
+        for file handling.

     */
     */

-    bool EndsWith(const wxString& suffix, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
+    const wchar_t* fn_str() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Searches for the given character @e ch. Returns the position or
-        @c wxNOT_FOUND if not found.
+        @overload

     */
     */

-    int Find(wxUniChar ch, bool fromEnd = false) const;
+    const char* fn_str() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Searches for the given string @e sub. Returns the starting position or
-        @c wxNOT_FOUND if not found.
+        @overload

     */
     */

-    int Find(const wxString& sub) const;
+    const wxCharBuffer fn_str() const;

 
 

-    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        Same as Find().
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
-        you should not use it in new code.
+        Returns the multibyte (C string) representation of the string
+        using @e conv's wxMBConv::cWC2MB method and returns wxCharBuffer.
+
+        @see wc_str(), utf8_str(), c_str(), wxMBConv

     */
     */

-    int First(wxUniChar ch) const;
-    int First(const wxString& str) const;
-    //@}
+    const wxCharBuffer mb_str(const wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        This static function returns the string containing the result of calling
-        Printf() with the passed parameters on it.
+        Converts the strings contents to UTF-8 and returns it either as a
+        temporary wxCharBuffer object or as a pointer to the internal
+        string contents in UTF-8 build.

 
 

-        @see FormatV(), Printf()
+        @see wc_str(), c_str(), mb_str()

     */
     */

-    static wxString Format(const wxChar format, ...);
+    const wxScopedCharBuffer utf8_str() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        This static function returns the string containing the result of calling
-        PrintfV() with the passed parameters on it.
+        Converts the strings contents to the wide character representation
+        and returns it as a temporary wxWCharBuffer object (Unix and OS X)
+        or returns a pointer to the internal string contents in wide character
+        mode (Windows).

 
 

-        @see Format(), PrintfV()
+        The macro wxWX2WCbuf is defined as the correct return type (without const).
+
+        @see utf8_str(), c_str(), mb_str(), fn_str(), wchar_str()

     */
     */

-    static wxString FormatV(const wxChar format, va_list argptr);
+    const wchar_t* wc_str() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns the number of occurrences of @e ch in the string.
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not
-        use it in new code.
+        @overload

     */
     */

-    int Freq(wxUniChar ch) const;
+    const wxWCharBuffer wc_str() const;

 
 

-    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        Converts given buffer of binary data from 8-bit string to wxString. In
-        Unicode build, the string is interpreted as being in ISO-8859-1
-        encoding. The version without @e len parameter takes NUL-terminated
-        data.
+        Returns an object with string data that is implicitly convertible to
+        @c char* pointer. Note that changes to the returned buffer may or may
+        not be lost (depending on the build) and so this function is only usable for
+        passing strings to legacy libraries that don't have const-correct API. Use
+        wxStringBuffer if you want to modify the string.
+
+        @see mb_str(), wc_str(), fn_str(), c_str(), char_str()
+    */
+    wxWritableWCharBuffer wchar_str() const;
+
+    /**
+       Explicit conversion to C string in the internal representation (either
+       wchar_t* or UTF-8-encoded char*, depending on the build).
+    */
+    const wxStringCharType *wx_str() const;
+
+    /**
+        Converts the string to an 8-bit string in ISO-8859-1 encoding in the
+        form of a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only).

 
         This is a convenience method useful when storing binary data in
 
         This is a convenience method useful when storing binary data in

-        wxString. It should be used @em only for that purpose and only in
-        conjunction with To8BitData(). Use mb_str() for conversion of character
-        data to known encoding.
+        wxString. It should be used @em only for this purpose. It is only valid
+        to call this method on strings created using From8BitData().

 
         @since 2.8.4
 
 
         @since 2.8.4
 

-        @see wxString::To8BitData()
+        @see wxString::From8BitData()

     */
     */

-    static wxString From8BitData(const char* buf, size_t len);
-    static wxString From8BitData(const char* buf);
-    //@}
+    const wxScopedCharBuffer To8BitData() const;

 
 

-    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        Converts the string or character from an ASCII, 7-bit form
-        to the native wxString representation.
+        Converts the string to an ASCII, 7-bit string in the form of
+        a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only) or a C string (ANSI builds).
+
+        Note that this conversion is only lossless if the string contains only
+        ASCII characters as all the non-ASCII ones are replaced with the @c '_'
+        (underscore) character.
+
+        Use mb_str() or utf8_str() to convert to other encodings.

     */
     */

-    static wxString FromAscii(const char* s);
-    static wxString FromAscii(const unsigned char* s);
-    static wxString FromAscii(const char* s, size_t len);
-    static wxString FromAscii(const unsigned char* s, size_t len);
-    static wxString FromAscii(char c);
-    //@}
+    const char* ToAscii() const;

 
 

-    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        Converts C string encoded in UTF-8 to wxString.
+        @overload
+    */
+    const wxCharBuffer ToAscii() const;

 
 

-        If @a s is not a valid UTF-8 string, an empty string is returned.
+    /**
+        Return the string as an std::string in current locale encoding.

 
 

-        Notice that when using UTF-8 wxWidgets build there is a more efficient
-        alternative to this function called FromUTF8Unchecked() which, unlike
-        this one, doesn't check that the input string is valid.
+        Note that if the conversion of (Unicode) string contents to the current
+        locale fails, the return string will be empty. Be sure to check for
+        this to avoid silent data loss.

 
 

-        @since 2.8.4
+        Instead of using this function it's also possible to write
+        @code
+        std::string s;
+        wxString wxs;
+        ...
+        s = std::string(wxs);
+        @endcode
+        but using ToStdString() may make the code more clear.
+
+        @since 2.9.1

     */
     */

-    static wxString FromUTF8(const char* s);
-    static wxString FromUTF8(const char* s, size_t len);
+    std::string ToStdString() const;
+
+    /**
+        Return the string as an std::wstring.
+
+        Unlike ToStdString(), there is no danger of data loss when using this
+        function.
+
+        @since 2.9.1
+    */
+    std::wstring ToStdWstring() const;
+
+    /**
+        Same as utf8_str().
+    */
+    const wxScopedCharBuffer ToUTF8() const;
+

     //@}
 
     //@}
 

+
+    /**
+        @member_group_name{concat, Concatenation}
+
+        Almost anything may be concatenated (appended to) with a string!
+
+        Note that the various operator<<() overloads work as C++ stream insertion
+        operators. They insert the given value into the string.
+        Precision and format cannot be set using them. Use Printf() instead.
+
+        See also the insert() and append() STL-like functions.
+    */

     //@{
     //@{

+

     /**
     /**

-        Converts C string encoded in UTF-8 to wxString without checking its
-        validity.
+       Appends the string literal @a psz.
+    */
+    wxString& Append(const char* psz);

 
 

-        This method assumes that @a s is a valid UTF-8 sequence and doesn't do
-        any validation (although an assert failure is triggered in debug builds
-        if the string is invalid). Only use it if you are absolutely sure that
-        @a s is a correct UTF-8 string (e.g. because it comes from another
-        library using UTF-8) and if the performance matters, otherwise use
-        slower (in UTF-8 build) but safer FromUTF8(). Passing a bad UTF-8
-        string to this function will result in creating a corrupted wxString
-        and all the subsequent operations on it will be undefined.
+    /**
+       Appends the wide string literal @a pwz.
+    */
+    wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz);

 
 

-        @since 2.8.9
+    /**
+       Appends the string literal @a psz with max length @a nLen.

     */
     */

-    static wxString FromUTF8Unchecked(const char* s);
-    static wxString FromUTF8Unchecked(const char* s, size_t len);
-    //@}
+    wxString& Append(const char* psz, size_t nLen);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns the character at position @a n (read-only).
+       Appends the wide string literal @a psz with max length @a nLen.

     */
     */

-    wxUniChar GetChar(size_t n) const;
+    wxString& Append(const wchar_t* pwz, size_t nLen);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        wxWidgets compatibility conversion. Same as c_str().
+       Appends the string @a s.

     */
     */

-    const wxCStrData* GetData() const;
+    wxString& Append(const wxString& s);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns a reference to the character at position @e n.
+       Appends the character @a ch @a count times.

     */
     */

-    wxUniCharRef GetWritableChar(size_t n);
+    wxString &Append(wxUniChar ch, size_t count = 1u);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns a writable buffer of at least @a len bytes.
-        It returns a pointer to a new memory block, and the
-        existing data will not be copied.
-        Call UngetWriteBuf() as soon as possible to put the
-        string back into a reasonable state.
-        This method is deprecated, please use wxStringBuffer or
-        wxStringBufferLength instead.
+        Prepends @a str to this string, returning a reference to this string.

     */
     */

-    wxStringCharType* GetWriteBuf(size_t len);
+    wxString& Prepend(const wxString& str);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns @true if the string contains only ASCII characters.
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
-        code.
+        Concatenation: returns a new string equal to the concatenation of the operands.

     */
     */

-    bool IsAscii() const;
+    wxString operator +(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns @true if the string is empty.
+        @overload

     */
     */

-    bool IsEmpty() const;
+    wxString operator +(const wxString& x, wxUniChar y);
+
+    wxString& operator<<(const wxString& s);
+    wxString& operator<<(const char* psz);
+    wxString& operator<<(const wchar_t* pwz);
+    wxString& operator<<(const wxCStrData& psz);
+    wxString& operator<<(char ch);
+    wxString& operator<<(unsigned char ch);
+    wxString& operator<<(wchar_t ch);
+    wxString& operator<<(const wxCharBuffer& s);
+    wxString& operator<<(const wxWCharBuffer& s);
+    wxString& operator<<(wxUniChar ch);
+    wxString& operator<<(wxUniCharRef ch);
+    wxString& operator<<(unsigned int ui);
+    wxString& operator<<(long l);
+    wxString& operator<<(unsigned long ul);
+    wxString& operator<<(wxLongLong_t ll);
+    wxString& operator<<(wxULongLong_t ul);
+    wxString& operator<<(float f);
+    wxString& operator<<(double d);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns @true if the string is empty (same as wxString::IsEmpty).
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
-        code.
+        Concatenation in place: the argument is appended to the string.

     */
     */

-    bool IsNull() const;
+    void operator +=(const wxString& str);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns @true if the string is an integer (with possible sign).
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
-        code.
+        @overload

     */
     */

-    bool IsNumber() const;
+    void operator +=(wxUniChar c);

 
 

+    //@}
+
+
+    /**
+        @member_group_name{cmp, Comparison}
+
+        The default comparison function Cmp() is case-sensitive and so is the default
+        version of IsSameAs(). For case insensitive comparisons you should use CmpNoCase()
+        or give a second parameter to IsSameAs(). This last function is maybe more
+        convenient if only equality of the strings matters because it returns a boolean
+        @true value if the strings are the same and not 0 (which is usually @false
+        in C) as Cmp() does.
+
+        Matches() is a poor man's regular expression matcher: it only understands
+        '*' and '?' metacharacters in the sense of DOS command line interpreter.
+
+        StartsWith() is helpful when parsing a line of text which should start
+        with some predefined prefix and is more efficient than doing direct string
+        comparison as you would also have to precalculate the length of the prefix.
+
+        See also the compare() STL-like function.
+    */

     //@{
     //@{

+
+    /**
+        Case-sensitive comparison.
+        Returns a positive value if the string is greater than the argument,
+        zero if it is equal to it or a negative value if it is less than the
+        argument (same semantics as the standard @c strcmp() function).
+
+        @see CmpNoCase(), IsSameAs().
+    */
+    int Cmp(const wxString& s) const;
+
+    /**
+        Case-insensitive comparison.
+        Returns a positive value if the string is greater than the argument,
+        zero if it is equal to it or a negative value if it is less than the
+        argument (same semantics as the standard @c strcmp() function).
+
+        @see Cmp(), IsSameAs().
+    */
+    int CmpNoCase(const wxString& s) const;
+

     /**
     /**

-        Test whether the string is equal to the single character @e c. The test is
-        case-sensitive if @a caseSensitive is @true (default) or not if it is @c
+        Test whether the string is equal to another string @a s.
+
+        The test is case-sensitive if @a caseSensitive is @true (default) or not if it is
+        @false.
+
+        @return @true if the string is equal to the other one, @false otherwise.
+
+        @see Cmp(), CmpNoCase()
+    */
+    bool IsSameAs(const wxString& s, bool caseSensitive = true) const;
+
+    /**
+        Test whether the string is equal to the single character @a ch.
+
+        The test is case-sensitive if @a caseSensitive is @true (default) or not if it is

         @false.
         @false.

-        Returns @true if the string is equal to the character, @false otherwise.
-        See also Cmp(), CmpNoCase()
+
+        @return @true if the string is equal to this character, @false otherwise.
+
+        @see Cmp(), CmpNoCase()

     */
     */

-    bool IsSameAs(const wxString &s, bool caseSensitive = true) const;

     bool IsSameAs(wxUniChar ch, bool caseSensitive = true) const;
     bool IsSameAs(wxUniChar ch, bool caseSensitive = true) const;

-    //@}

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns @true if the string is a word.
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
-        code.
+        Returns @true if the string contents matches a mask containing '*' and '?'.

     */
     */

-    bool IsWord() const;
+    bool Matches(const wxString& mask) const;

 
 

-    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        Returns a reference to the last character (writable).
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
-        you should not use it in new code.
+        This function can be used to test if the string starts with the specified
+        @a prefix.
+
+        If it does, the function will return @true and put the rest of the string
+        (i.e. after the prefix) into @a rest string if it is not @NULL.
+        Otherwise, the function returns @false and doesn't modify the @a rest.

     */
     */

-    wxUniCharRef Last();
-    const wxUniChar Last();
+    bool StartsWith(const wxString& prefix, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
+
+    /**
+        This function can be used to test if the string ends with the specified
+        @e suffix. If it does, the function will return @true and put the
+        beginning of the string before the suffix into @e rest string if it is not
+        @NULL. Otherwise, the function returns @false and doesn't
+        modify the @e rest.
+    */
+    bool EndsWith(const wxString& suffix, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
+

     //@}
 
     //@}
 

+
+    /**
+        @member_group_name{substring, Substring extraction}
+
+        These functions allow you to extract a substring from the string. The
+        original string is not modified and the function returns the extracted
+        substring.
+
+        See also the at() and the substr() STL-like functions.
+    */
+
+    /**
+        Returns a substring starting at @e first, with length @e count, or the rest of
+        the string if @a count is the default value.
+    */
+    wxString Mid(size_t first, size_t nCount = wxString::npos) const;
+
+    /**
+        Returns the part of the string between the indices @a from and @a to
+        inclusive.
+
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function, use Mid()
+        instead (but note that parameters have different meaning).
+    */
+    wxString SubString(size_t from, size_t to) const;
+
+    /**
+        Same as Mid() (substring extraction).
+    */
+    wxString operator()(size_t start, size_t len) const;
+

     /**
         Returns the first @a count characters of the string.
     */
     wxString Left(size_t count) const;
 
     /**
     /**
         Returns the first @a count characters of the string.
     */
     wxString Left(size_t count) const;
 
     /**

-        Returns the length of the string.
+        Returns the last @a count characters.

     */
     */

-    size_t Len() const;
+    wxString Right(size_t count) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns the length of the string (same as Len).
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
-        code.
+        Gets all the characters after the first occurrence of @e ch.
+        Returns the empty string if @e ch is not found.

     */
     */

-    size_t Length() const;
+    wxString AfterFirst(wxUniChar ch) const;
+
+    /**
+        Gets all the characters after the last occurrence of @e ch.
+        Returns the whole string if @e ch is not found.
+    */
+    wxString AfterLast(wxUniChar ch) const;
+
+    /**
+        Gets all characters before the first occurrence of @e ch.
+        Returns the whole string if @a ch is not found.
+
+        @param ch The character to look for.
+        @param rest Filled with the part of the string following the first
+            occurrence of @a ch or cleared if it was not found. The same string
+            is returned by AfterFirst() but it is more efficient to use this
+            output parameter if both the "before" and "after" parts are needed
+            than calling both functions one after the other. This parameter is
+            available in wxWidgets version 2.9.2 and later only.
+        @return Part of the string before the first occurrence of @a ch.
+    */
+    wxString BeforeFirst(wxUniChar ch, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
+
+    /**
+        Gets all characters before the last occurrence of @e ch.
+        Returns the empty string if @a ch is not found.
+
+        @param ch The character to look for.
+        @param rest Filled with the part of the string following the last
+            occurrence of @a ch or the copy of this string if it was not found.
+            The same string is returned by AfterLast() but it is more efficient
+            to use this output parameter if both the "before" and "after" parts
+            are needed than calling both functions one after the other. This
+            parameter is available in wxWidgets version 2.9.2 and later only.
+        @return Part of the string before the last occurrence of @a ch.
+    */
+    wxString BeforeLast(wxUniChar ch, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
+
+    //@}
+
+
+    /**
+        @member_group_name{caseconv, Case conversion}
+
+        The MakeXXX() variants modify the string in place, while the other functions
+        return a new string which contains the original text converted to the upper or
+        lower case and leave the original string unchanged.
+    */
+    //@{
+
+    /**
+        Return the copy of the string with the first string character in the
+        upper case and the subsequent ones in the lower case.
+
+        @since 2.9.0
+
+        @see MakeCapitalized()
+     */
+    wxString Capitalize() const;

 
     /**
         Returns this string converted to the lower case.
 
     /**
         Returns this string converted to the lower case.


@@ -864,166 +1108,148 @@ public:
     wxString& MakeLower();
 
     /**
     wxString& MakeLower();
 
     /**

-        Converts all characters to upper case and returns the reference to the
-        modified string.
-
-        @see Upper()
-    */
-    wxString& MakeUpper();
-
-    /**
-        Returns @true if the string contents matches a mask containing '*' and '?'.
-    */
-    bool Matches(const wxString& mask) const;
-
-    /**
-        Returns a substring starting at @e first, with length @e count, or the rest of
-        the string if @a count is the default value.
-    */
-    wxString Mid(size_t first, size_t count = wxSTRING_MAXLEN) const;
-
-
-    /**
-        Adds @a count copies of @a pad to the beginning, or to the end of the
-        string (the default).  Removes spaces from the left or from the right (default).
-    */
-    wxString& Pad(size_t count, wxUniChar pad = ' ',
-                 bool fromRight = true);
-
-    /**
-        Prepends @a str to this string, returning a reference to this string.
-    */
-    wxString& Prepend(const wxString& str);
-
-    /**
-        Similar to the standard function @e sprintf(). Returns the number of
-        characters written, or an integer less than zero on error.
-        Note that if @c wxUSE_PRINTF_POS_PARAMS is set to 1, then this function supports
-        Unix98-style positional parameters:
-
-        @note This function will use a safe version of @e vsprintf() (usually called
-        @e vsnprintf()) whenever available to always allocate the buffer of correct
-        size. Unfortunately, this function is not available on all platforms and the
-        dangerous @e vsprintf() will be used then which may lead to buffer overflows.
+        Converts all characters to upper case and returns the reference to the
+        modified string.
+
+        @see Upper()

     */
     */

-    int Printf(const wxChar* pszFormat, ...);
+    wxString& MakeUpper();

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Similar to vprintf. Returns the number of characters written, or an integer
-        less than zero
-        on error.
+        Returns this string converted to upper case.
+
+        @see MakeUpper()

     */
     */

-    int PrintfV(const wxChar* pszFormat, va_list argPtr);
+    wxString Upper() const;

 
 

-    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        Removes @a len characters from the string, starting at @e pos.
+        The same as MakeUpper().
+

         This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
         code.
     */
         This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
         code.
     */

-    wxString Remove(size_t pos);
-    wxString Remove(size_t pos, size_t len);
+    void UpperCase();
+

     //@}
 
     //@}
 

-    /**
-        Removes the last character.
-    */
-    wxString RemoveLast();

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Replace first (or all) occurrences of substring with another one.
-        @e replaceAll: global replace (default), or only the first occurrence.
-        Returns the number of replacements made.
+        @member_group_name{search, Searching and replacing}
+
+        These functions replace the standard @c strchr() and @c strstr()
+        functions.
+
+        See also the find(), rfind(), replace() STL-like functions.

     */
     */

-    size_t Replace(const wxString& strOld, const wxString& strNew,
-                   bool replaceAll = true);
+    //@{

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns the last @a count characters.
+        Searches for the given character @a ch.
+        Returns the position or @c wxNOT_FOUND if not found.

     */
     */

-    wxString Right(size_t count) const;
+    int Find(wxUniChar ch, bool fromEnd = false) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Sets the character at position @e n.
+        Searches for the given string @a sub.
+        Returns the starting position or @c wxNOT_FOUND if not found.

     */
     */

-    void SetChar(size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
+    int Find(const wxString& sub) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Minimizes the string's memory. This can be useful after a call to
-        Alloc() if too much memory were preallocated.
+        Same as Find().
+
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
+        you should not use it in new code.

     */
     */

-    void Shrink();
+    int First(wxUniChar ch) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        This function can be used to test if the string starts with the specified
-        @e prefix. If it does, the function will return @true and put the rest
-        of the string (i.e. after the prefix) into @a rest string if it is not
-        @NULL. Otherwise, the function returns @false and doesn't modify the
-        @e rest.
+        Same as Find().
+
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function;
+        you should not use it in new code.

     */
     */

-    bool StartsWith(const wxString& prefix, wxString *rest = NULL) const;
+    int First(const wxString& str) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Strip characters at the front and/or end. The same as Trim except that it
-        doesn't change this string.
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
-        code.
+        Replace first (or all) occurrences of substring with another one.
+
+        @param strOld
+            The string to search for replacing.
+        @param strNew
+            The substitution string.
+        @param replaceAll
+            If @true a global replace will be done (default), otherwise only the
+            first occurrence will be replaced.
+
+        Returns the number of replacements made.

     */
     */

-    wxString Strip(stripType s = trailing) const;
+    size_t Replace(const wxString& strOld, const wxString& strNew,
+                   bool replaceAll = true);
+
+    //@}
+
+

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns the part of the string between the indices @a from and @e to
-        inclusive.
-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function, use Mid()
-        instead (but note that parameters have different meaning).
-    */
-    wxString SubString(size_t from, size_t to) const;
+        @member_group_name{numconv, Conversion to numbers}
+
+        The string provides functions for conversion to signed and unsigned integer and
+        floating point numbers.

 
 

+        All functions take a pointer to the variable to put the numeric value
+        in and return @true if the @b entire string could be converted to a
+        number. Notice if there is a valid number in the beginning of the
+        string, it is returned in the output parameter even if the function
+        returns @false because there is more text following it.
+     */

     //@{
     //@{

+

     /**
     /**

-        Converts the string to an 8-bit string in ISO-8859-1 encoding in the
-        form of a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only).
+        Attempts to convert the string to a floating point number.

 
 

-        This is a convenience method useful when storing binary data in
-        wxString. It should be used @em only for this purpose. It is only valid
-        to call this method on strings created using From8BitData().
+        Returns @true on success (the number is stored in the location pointed to by
+        @a val) or @false if the string does not represent such number (the value of
+        @a val may still be modified in this case).

 
 

-        @since 2.8.4
+        Note that unlike ToCDouble() this function uses a localized version of
+        @c wxStrtod() and thus needs as decimal point (and thousands separator) the
+        locale-specific decimal point. Thus you should use this function only when
+        you are sure that this string contains a floating point number formatted with
+        the rules of the locale currently in use (see wxLocale).

 
 

-        @see wxString::From8BitData()
-    */
-    const char* To8BitData() const;
-    const wxCharBuffer To8BitData() const;
-    //@}
+        Also notice that even this function is locale-specific it does not
+        support strings with thousands separators in them, even if the current
+        locale uses digits grouping. You may use wxNumberFormatter::FromString()
+        to parse such strings.

 
 

-    //@{
-    /**
-        Converts the string to an ASCII, 7-bit string in the form of
-        a wxCharBuffer (Unicode builds only) or a C string (ANSI builds).
-        Note that this conversion only works if the string contains only ASCII
-        characters. The @ref mb_str() "mb_str" method provides more
-        powerful means of converting wxString to C string.
+        Please refer to the documentation of the standard function @c strtod()
+        for more details about the supported syntax.
+
+        @see ToCDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()

     */
     */

-    const char* ToAscii() const;
-    const wxCharBuffer ToAscii() const;
-    //@}
+    bool ToDouble(double* val) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Attempts to convert the string to a floating point number. Returns @true on
-        success (the number is stored in the location pointed to by @e val) or @false
-        if the string does not represent such number (the value of @a val is not
-        modified in this case).
+        Variant of ToDouble() always working in "C" locale.

 
 

-        @see ToLong(), ToULong()
+        Works like ToDouble() but unlike it this function expects the floating point
+        number to be formatted always with the rules dictated by the "C" locale
+        (in particular, the decimal point must be a dot), independently from the
+        current application-wide locale (see wxLocale).
+
+        @see ToDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()

     */
     */

-    bool ToDouble(double val) const;
+    bool ToCDouble(double* val) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Attempts to convert the string to a signed integer in base @e base. Returns
-        @true on success in which case the number is stored in the location
+        Attempts to convert the string to a signed integer in base @a base.
+
+        Returns @true on success in which case the number is stored in the location

         pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not represent a
         pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not represent a

-        valid number in the given base (the value of @a val is not modified
-        in this case).
+        valid number in the given base (the value of @a val may still be
+        modified in this case).
+

         The value of @a base must be comprised between 2 and 36, inclusive, or
         be a special value 0 which means that the usual rules of @c C numbers are
         applied: if the number starts with @c 0x it is considered to be in base
         The value of @a base must be comprised between 2 and 36, inclusive, or
         be a special value 0 which means that the usual rules of @c C numbers are
         applied: if the number starts with @c 0x it is considered to be in base


@@ -1032,404 +1258,645 @@ public:
         which may have leading zeroes as they can yield unexpected (to the user not
         familiar with C) results.
 
         which may have leading zeroes as they can yield unexpected (to the user not
         familiar with C) results.
 

-        @see ToDouble(), ToULong()
+        Note that unlike ToCLong() this function uses a localized version of
+        @c wxStrtol(). Thus you should use this function only when you are sure
+        that this string contains an integer number formatted with
+        the rules of the locale currently in use (see wxLocale).
+
+        As with ToDouble(), this function does not support strings containing
+        thousands separators even if the current locale uses digits grouping.
+        You may use wxNumberFormatter::FromString() to parse such strings.
+
+        Please refer to the documentation of the standard function @c strtol()
+        for more details about the supported syntax.
+
+        @see ToCDouble(), ToDouble(), ToULong()
+    */
+    bool ToLong(long* val, int base = 10) const;
+
+    /**
+        Variant of ToLong() always working in "C" locale.
+
+        Works like ToLong() but unlike it this function expects the integer
+        number to be formatted always with the rules dictated by the "C" locale,
+        independently from the current application-wide locale (see wxLocale).
+
+        @see ToDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()

     */
     */

-    bool ToLong(long val, int base = 10) const;
+    bool ToCLong(long* val, int base = 10) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        This is exactly the same as ToLong() but works with 64
-        bit integer numbers.
+        This is exactly the same as ToLong() but works with 64 bit integer numbers.
+

         Notice that currently it doesn't work (always returns @false) if parsing of 64
         bit numbers is not supported by the underlying C run-time library. Compilers
         with C99 support and Microsoft Visual C++ version 7 and higher do support this.
 
         @see ToLong(), ToULongLong()
     */
         Notice that currently it doesn't work (always returns @false) if parsing of 64
         bit numbers is not supported by the underlying C run-time library. Compilers
         with C99 support and Microsoft Visual C++ version 7 and higher do support this.
 
         @see ToLong(), ToULongLong()
     */

-    bool ToLongLong(wxLongLong_t val, int base = 10) const;
+    bool ToLongLong(wxLongLong_t* val, int base = 10) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Attempts to convert the string to an unsigned integer in base @e base.
+        Attempts to convert the string to an unsigned integer in base @a base.
+

         Returns @true on success in which case the number is stored in the
         location pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not
         Returns @true on success in which case the number is stored in the
         location pointed to by @a val or @false if the string does not

-        represent a valid number in the given base (the value of @a val is not
-        modified in this case).
+        represent a valid number in the given base (the value of @a val may
+        still be modified in this case).

 
         Please notice that this function  behaves in the same way as the standard
         @c strtoul() and so it simply converts negative numbers to unsigned
         representation instead of rejecting them (e.g. -1 is returned as @c ULONG_MAX).
 
 
         Please notice that this function  behaves in the same way as the standard
         @c strtoul() and so it simply converts negative numbers to unsigned
         representation instead of rejecting them (e.g. -1 is returned as @c ULONG_MAX).
 

-        See ToLong() for the more detailed description of the @a base parameter.
+        See ToLong() for the more detailed description of the @a base parameter
+        (and of the locale-specific behaviour of this function).
+
+        @see ToCULong(), ToDouble(), ToLong()
+    */
+    bool ToULong(unsigned long* val, int base = 10) const;
+
+    /**
+        Variant of ToULong() always working in "C" locale.
+
+        Works like ToULong() but unlike it this function expects the integer
+        number to be formatted always with the rules dictated by the "C" locale,
+        independently from the current application-wide locale (see wxLocale).

 
 

-        @see ToDouble(), ToLong()
+        @see ToDouble(), ToLong(), ToULong()

     */
     */

-    bool ToULong(unsigned long val, int base = 10) const;
+    bool ToCULong(unsigned long* val, int base = 10) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        This is exactly the same as ToULong() but works with 64
-        bit integer numbers.
+        This is exactly the same as ToULong() but works with 64 bit integer
+        numbers.
+

         Please see ToLongLong() for additional remarks.
     */
         Please see ToLongLong() for additional remarks.
     */

-    bool ToULongLong(wxULongLong_t val, int base = 10) const;
+    bool ToULongLong(wxULongLong_t* val, int base = 10) const;
+
+    //@}
+
+
+    /**
+        @member_group_name{fmt, Formatting and printing}

 
 

+        Both formatted versions (Printf/() and stream-like insertion operators
+        exist (for basic types only).
+
+        See also the static Format() and FormatV() functions.
+    */

     //@{
     //@{

+

     /**
     /**

-        Same as utf8_str().
+        Similar to the standard function @e sprintf(). Returns the number of
+        characters written, or an integer less than zero on error.
+        Note that if @c wxUSE_PRINTF_POS_PARAMS is set to 1, then this function supports
+        Unix98-style positional parameters:
+
+        @code
+        wxString str;
+
+        str.Printf(wxT("%d %d %d"), 1, 2, 3);
+        // str now contains "1 2 3"
+
+        str.Printf(wxT("%2$d %3$d %1$d"), 1, 2, 3);
+        // str now contains "2 3 1"
+        @endcode
+
+        @note This function will use a safe version of @e vsprintf() (usually called
+        @e vsnprintf()) whenever available to always allocate the buffer of correct
+        size. Unfortunately, this function is not available on all platforms and the
+        dangerous @e vsprintf() will be used then which may lead to buffer overflows.
+    */
+    int Printf(const wxString& pszFormat, ...);
+
+    /**
+        Similar to vprintf. Returns the number of characters written, or an integer
+        less than zero
+        on error.

     */
     */

-    const char* ToUTF8() const;
-    const wxCharBuffer ToUTF8() const;
+    int PrintfV(const wxString& pszFormat, va_list argPtr);
+

     //@}
 
     //@}
 

+

     /**
     /**

-        Removes white-space (space, tabs, form feed, newline and carriage return) from
-        the left or from the right end of the string (right is default).
+        @member_group_name{mem, Memory management}
+
+        The following are "advanced" functions and they will be needed rarely.
+        Alloc() and Shrink() are only interesting for optimization purposes.
+        wxStringBuffer and wxStringBufferLength classes may be very useful when working
+        with some external API which requires the caller to provide a writable buffer.
+
+        See also the reserve() and resize() STL-like functions.

     */
     */

-    wxString& Trim(bool fromRight = true);
+    //@{

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Truncate the string to the given length.
+        Preallocate enough space for wxString to store @a nLen characters.
+
+        Please note that this method does the same thing as the standard
+        reserve() one and shouldn't be used in new code.
+
+        This function may be used to increase speed when the string is
+        constructed by repeated concatenation as in
+
+        @code
+            // delete all vowels from the string
+            wxString DeleteAllVowels(const wxString& original)
+            {
+                wxString result;
+
+                size_t len = original.length();
+
+                result.Alloc(len);
+
+                for ( size_t n = 0; n < len; n++ )
+                {
+                    if ( strchr("aeuio", tolower(original[n])) == NULL )
+                        result += original[n];
+                }
+
+                return result;
+            }
+        @endcode
+
+        because it will avoid the need to reallocate string memory many times
+        (in case of long strings). Note that it does not set the maximal length
+        of a string -- it will still expand if more than @a nLen characters are
+        stored in it. Also, it does not truncate the existing string (use
+        Truncate() for this) even if its current length is greater than @a nLen.
+
+        @return @true if memory was successfully allocated, @false otherwise.

     */
     */

-    wxString& Truncate(size_t len);
+    bool Alloc(size_t nLen);

 
 

-    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        Puts the string back into a reasonable state (in which it can be used
-        normally), after GetWriteBuf() was called.
+        Minimizes the string's memory. This can be useful after a call to
+        Alloc() if too much memory were preallocated.
+    */
+    bool Shrink();

 
 

-        The version of the function without the @a len parameter will calculate the
-        new string length itself assuming that the string is terminated by the first
-        @c NUL character in it while the second one will use the specified length
-        and thus is the only version which should be used with the strings with
-        embedded @c NULs (it is also slightly more efficient as @c strlen()
-        doesn't have to be called).
+    /**
+        Returns a deep copy of the string.
+
+        That is, the returned string is guaranteed to not share data with this
+        string when using reference-counted wxString implementation.
+
+        This method is primarily useful for passing strings between threads
+        (because wxString is not thread-safe). Unlike creating a copy using
+        @c wxString(c_str()), Clone() handles embedded NULs correctly.
+
+        @since 2.9.0
+     */
+    wxString Clone() const;
+
+    /**
+        Empties the string and frees memory occupied by it.

 
 

-        This method is deprecated, please use wxStringBuffer or
-        wxStringBufferLength instead.
+        @see Empty()

     */
     */

-    void UngetWriteBuf();
-    void UngetWriteBuf(size_t len);
+    void Clear();
+

     //@}
 
     //@}
 

+
+

     /**
     /**

-        Returns this string converted to upper case.
+        @member_group_name{misc, Miscellaneous}

 
 

-        @see MakeUpper()
+        Miscellaneous other string functions.

     */
     */

-    wxString Upper() const;
+    //@{

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        The same as MakeUpper().
+        Returns @true if target appears anywhere in wxString; else @false.

 
 

-        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
-        code.
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.

     */
     */

-    void UpperCase();
+    bool Contains(const wxString& str) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns a lightweight intermediate class which is in turn implicitly
-        convertible to both @c const @c char* and to @c const @c wchar_t*.
-        Given this ambiguity it is mostly better to use wc_str(), mb_str() or
-        utf8_str() instead.
+        Makes the string empty, but doesn't free memory occupied by the string.

 
 

-        Please see the @ref overview_unicode for more information about it.
+        @see Clear().
+    */
+    void Empty();

 
 

-        Note that the returned value is not convertible to @c char* or
-        @c wchar_t*, use char_str() or wchar_str() if you need to pass
-        string value to a function expecting non-const pointer.
+    /**
+        Returns the number of occurrences of @e ch in the string.

 
 

-        @see wc_str(), utf8_str(), c_str(), mb_str(), fn_str()
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.

     */
     */

-    const wxCStrData c_str() const;
+    int Freq(wxUniChar ch) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns an object with string data that is implicitly convertible to
-        @c char* pointer. Note that any change to the returned buffer is lost and so
-        this function is only usable for passing strings to legacy libraries that
-        don't have const-correct API. Use wxStringBuffer if you want to modify
-        the string.
+        Returns @true if the string contains only ASCII characters.
+        See wxUniChar::IsAscii for more details.

 
 

-        @see c_str()
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new
+        code.
+    */
+    bool IsAscii() const;
+
+    /**
+        Returns @true if the string is an integer (with possible sign).
+
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.

     */
     */

-    wxWritableCharBuffer char_str(const wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc) const;
+    bool IsNumber() const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns buffer of the specified type containing the string data.
-
-        This method is only useful in template code, otherwise you should
-        directly call mb_str() or wc_str() if you need to retrieve a narrow or
-        wide string from this wxString. The template parameter @a t should be
-        either @c char or @c wchar_t.
+        Returns @true if the string is a word.

 
 

-        Notice that retrieving a char buffer in UTF-8 build will return the
-        internal string representation in UTF-8 while in wchar_t build the char
-        buffer will contain the conversion of the string to the encoding of the
-        current locale (and so can fail).
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.
+    */
+    bool IsWord() const;

 
 

-        @param len
-            If non-@NULL, filled with the length of the returned buffer.
+    /**
+        Adds @a count copies of @a chPad to the beginning, or to the end of the
+        string (the default).

 
 

-        @return
-            buffer containing the string contents in the specified type,
-            notice that it may be @NULL if the conversion failed (e.g. Unicode
-            string couldn't be converted to the current encoding when @a T is
-            @c char).
-     */
-    template <typename T>
-    wxCharTypeBuffer<T> tchar_str(size_t *len = NULL) const;
+        Removes spaces from the left or from the right (default).
+    */
+    wxString& Pad(size_t count, wxUniChar chPad = ' ', bool fromRight = true);

 
 

-    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        Returns string representation suitable for passing to OS' functions
-        for file handling.
+        Removes all characters from the string starting at @a pos.
+        Use Truncate() as a more readable alternative.
+
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.

     */
     */

-    const wchar_t* fn_str() const;
-    const char* fn_str() const;
-    const wxCharBuffer fn_str() const;
-    //@}
+    wxString& Remove(size_t pos);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Returns the multibyte (C string) representation of the string
-        using @e conv's wxMBConv::cWC2MB method and returns wxCharBuffer.
+        Removes @a len characters from the string, starting at @a pos.

 
 

-        @see wc_str(), utf8_str(), c_str(), wxMBConv
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.

     */
     */

-    const wxCharBuffer mb_str(const wxMBConv& conv = wxConvLibc) const;
+    wxString& Remove(size_t pos, size_t len);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Extraction from a stream.
+        Removes the last character.

     */
     */

-    friend istream operator>>(istream& is, wxString& str);
+    wxString& RemoveLast(size_t n = 1);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        These functions work as C++ stream insertion operators. They insert the
-        given value into the string. Precision and format cannot be set using them.
-        Use Printf() instead.
+        Strip characters at the front and/or end.
+
+        This is the same as Trim() except that it doesn't change this string.
+
+        This is a wxWidgets 1.xx compatibility function; you should not use it in new code.

     */
     */

-    wxString& operator<<(const wxString& s);
-    wxString& operator<<(const char* psz)
-    wxString& operator<<(const wchar_t* pwz)
-    wxString& operator<<(const wxCStrData& psz)
-    wxString& operator<<(const char* psz);
-    wxString& operator<<(wxUniCharRef ch)
-    wxString& operator<<(char ch)
-    wxString& operator<<(unsigned char ch)
-    wxString& operator<<(wchar_t ch)
-    wxString& operator<<(const wxCharBuffer& s)
-    wxString& operator<<(const wxWCharBuffer& s)
-    wxString& operator<<(wxUniCharRef ch);
-    wxString& operator<<(unsigned int ui);
-    wxString& operator<<(long l);
-    wxString& operator<<(unsigned long ul);
-    wxString& operator<<(wxLongLong_t ll);
-    wxString& operator<<(wxULongLong_t ul);
-    wxString& operator<<(float f);
-    wxString& operator<<(double d);
+    wxString Strip(stripType s = trailing) const;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Same as Mid() (substring extraction).
+        Removes white-space (space, tabs, form feed, newline and carriage return) from
+        the left or from the right end of the string (right is default).

     */
     */

-    wxString operator ()(size_t start, size_t len);
+    wxString& Trim(bool fromRight = true);

 
 

-    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        Concatenation: these operators return a new string equal to the
-        concatenation of the operands.
+        Truncate the string to the given length.

     */
     */

-    wxString operator +(const wxString& x, const wxString& y);
-    wxString operator +(const wxString& x, wxUniChar y);
+    wxString& Truncate(size_t len);
+

     //@}
 
     //@}
 

-    //@{
+
+
+

     /**
     /**

-        Concatenation in place: the argument is appended to the string.
+        @member_group_name{iter, Iterator interface}
+
+        These methods return iterators to the beginning or end of the string.
+
+        Please see any STL reference (e.g. http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/string/start)
+        for their documentation.

     */
     */

-    void operator +=(const wxString& str);
-    void operator +=(wxUniChar c);
+    //@{
+
+    const_iterator begin() const;
+    iterator begin();
+    const_iterator end() const;
+    iterator end();
+
+    const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const;
+    reverse_iterator rbegin();
+    const_reverse_iterator rend() const;
+    reverse_iterator rend();
+

     //@}
 
     //@}
 

-    //@{
+
+

     /**
     /**

-        Assignment: the effect of each operation is the same as for the corresponding
-        constructor (see @ref wxString() "wxString constructors").
+        @member_group_name{stl, STL interface}
+
+        The supported STL functions are listed here.
+
+        Please see any STL reference (e.g. http://www.cppreference.com/wiki/string/start)
+        for their documentation.

     */
     */

-    wxString operator =(const wxString& str);
-    wxString operator =(wxUniChar c);
+    //@{
+
+    wxString& append(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n);
+    wxString& append(const wxString& str);
+    wxString& append(const char *sz, size_t n);
+    wxString& append(const wchar_t *sz, size_t n);
+    wxString& append(size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
+    wxString& append(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
+
+    wxString& assign(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n);
+    wxString& assign(const wxString& str);
+    wxString& assign(const char *sz, size_t n);
+    wxString& assign(const wchar_t *sz, size_t n);
+    wxString& assign(size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
+    wxString& assign(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
+
+    wxUniChar at(size_t n) const;
+    wxUniCharRef at(size_t n);
+
+    void clear();
+
+    size_type capacity() const;
+
+    int compare(const wxString& str) const;
+    int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxString& str) const;
+    int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+            const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2) const;
+    int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+            const char* sz, size_t nCount = npos) const;
+    int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+            const wchar_t* sz, size_t nCount = npos) const;
+
+    wxCStrData data() const;
+
+    bool empty() const;
+
+    wxString& erase(size_type pos = 0, size_type n = npos);
+    iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last);
+    iterator erase(iterator first);
+
+    size_t find(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+    size_t find(const char* sz, size_t nStart = 0, size_t n = npos) const;
+    size_t find(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart = 0, size_t n = npos) const;
+    size_t find(wxUniChar ch, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+    size_t find_first_of(const char* sz, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+    size_t find_first_of(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+    size_t find_first_of(const char* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const;
+    size_t find_first_of(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const;
+    size_t find_first_of(wxUniChar c, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+    size_t find_last_of (const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+    size_t find_last_of (const char* sz, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+    size_t find_last_of (const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+    size_t find_last_of(const char* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const;
+    size_t find_last_of(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const;
+    size_t find_last_of(wxUniChar c, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+    size_t find_first_not_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+    size_t find_first_not_of(const char* sz, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+    size_t find_first_not_of(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+    size_t find_first_not_of(const char* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const;
+    size_t find_first_not_of(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const;
+    size_t find_first_not_of(wxUniChar ch, size_t nStart = 0) const;
+    size_t find_last_not_of(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+    size_t find_last_not_of(const char* sz, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+    size_t find_last_not_of(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+    size_t find_last_not_of(const char* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const;
+    size_t find_last_not_of(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart, size_t n) const;
+
+    wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str);
+    wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str, size_t nStart, size_t n);
+    wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const char *sz, size_t n);
+    wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wchar_t *sz, size_t n);
+    wxString& insert(size_t nPos, size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
+    iterator insert(iterator it, wxUniChar ch);
+    void insert(iterator it, const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
+    void insert(iterator it, size_type n, wxUniChar ch);
+
+    size_t length() const;
+
+    size_type max_size() const;
+
+    void reserve(size_t sz);
+    void resize(size_t nSize, wxUniChar ch = '\0');
+
+    wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxString& str);
+    wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, size_t nCount, wxUniChar ch);
+    wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                        const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2);
+    wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                        const char* sz, size_t nCount);
+    wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                        const wchar_t* sz, size_t nCount);
+    wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
+                        const wxString& s, size_t nCount);
+    wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const wxString& s);
+    wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const char* s, size_type n);
+    wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const wchar_t* s, size_type n);
+    wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, size_type n, wxUniChar ch);
+    wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last,
+                        const_iterator first1, const_iterator last1);
+    wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last,
+                        const char *first1, const char *last1);
+    wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last,
+                        const wchar_t *first1, const wchar_t *last1);
+
+    size_t rfind(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+    size_t rfind(const char* sz, size_t nStart = npos, size_t n = npos) const;
+    size_t rfind(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart = npos, size_t n = npos) const;
+    size_t rfind(wxUniChar ch, size_t nStart = npos) const;
+
+    size_type size() const;
+    wxString substr(size_t nStart = 0, size_t nLen = npos) const;
+    void swap(wxString& str);
+

     //@}
 
     //@}
 

-    //@{
+
+
+    // STATIC FUNCTIONS
+    // Keep these functions separated from the other groups or Doxygen gets confused
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+

     /**
     /**

-        Element extraction.
+        An 'invalid' value for string index

     */
     */

-    wxUniChar operator [](size_t i) const;
-    wxUniCharRef operator [](size_t i);
-    //@}
+    static const size_t npos;

 
     /**
 
     /**

-        Empty string is @false, so !string will only return @true if the
-        string is empty.
+        This static function returns the string containing the result of calling
+        Printf() with the passed parameters on it.

 
 

-        See also IsEmpty().
+        @see FormatV(), Printf()

     */
     */

-    bool operator!() const;
+    static wxString Format(const wxString& format, ...);
+
+    /**
+        This static function returns the string containing the result of calling
+        PrintfV() with the passed parameters on it.

 
 

+        @see Format(), PrintfV()
+    */
+    static wxString FormatV(const wxString& format, va_list argptr);

 
     //@{
     /**
 
     //@{
     /**

-        Converts the strings contents to UTF-8 and returns it either as a
-        temporary wxCharBuffer object or as a pointer to the internal
-        string contents in UTF-8 build.
+        Converts given buffer of binary data from 8-bit string to wxString. In
+        Unicode build, the string is interpreted as being in ISO-8859-1
+        encoding. The version without @e len parameter takes NUL-terminated
+        data.

 
 

-        @see wc_str(), c_str(), mb_str()
+        This is a convenience method useful when storing binary data in
+        wxString. It should be used @em only for that purpose and only in
+        conjunction with To8BitData(). Use mb_str() for conversion of character
+        data to known encoding.
+
+        @since 2.8.4
+
+        @see wxString::To8BitData()

     */
     */

-    const char* utf8_str() const;
-    const wxCharBuffer utf8_str() const;
+    static wxString From8BitData(const char* buf, size_t len);
+    static wxString From8BitData(const char* buf);

     //@}
 
     //@{
     /**
     //@}
 
     //@{
     /**

-        Converts the strings contents to the wide character represention
-        and returns it as a temporary wxWCharBuffer object (Unix and OS X)
-        or returns a pointer to the internal string contents in wide character
-        mode (Windows).
-
-        The macro wxWX2WCbuf is defined as the correct return
-        type (without const).
-
-        @see utf8_str(), c_str(), mb_str(), fn_str(), wchar_str()
+        Converts the string or character from an ASCII, 7-bit form
+        to the native wxString representation.

     */
     */

-    const wchar_t* wc_str() const;
-    const wxWCharBuffer wc_str() const;
+    static wxString FromAscii(const char* s);
+    static wxString FromAscii(const unsigned char* s);
+    static wxString FromAscii(const char* s, size_t len);
+    static wxString FromAscii(const unsigned char* s, size_t len);
+    static wxString FromAscii(char c);

     //@}
 
     /**
     //@}
 
     /**

-        Returns an object with string data that is implicitly convertible to
-        @c char* pointer. Note that changes to the returned buffer may or may
-        not be lost (depending on the build) and so this function is only usable for
-        passing strings to legacy libraries that don't have const-correct API. Use
-        wxStringBuffer if you want to modify the string.
+        Returns a string with the textual representation of the number in C
+        locale.

 
 

-        @see mb_str(), wc_str(), fn_str(), c_str(), char_str()
-    */
-    wxWritableWCharBuffer wchar_str() const;
+        Unlike FromDouble() the string returned by this function always uses
+        the period character as decimal separator, independently of the current
+        locale. Otherwise its behaviour is identical to the other function.
+
+        @since 2.9.1
+
+        @see ToCDouble()
+     */
+    static wxString FromCDouble(double val, int precision = -1);

 
     /**
 
     /**

-       Explicit conversion to C string in the internal representation (either
-       wchar_t* or UTF-8-encoded char*, depending on the build).
-    */
-    const wxStringCharType *wx_str() const;
+        Returns a string with the textual representation of the number.
+
+        For the default value of @a precision, this function behaves as a
+        simple wrapper for @code wxString::Format("%g", val) @endcode. If @a
+        precision is positive (or zero), the @c %.Nf format is used with the
+        given precision value.
+
+        Notice that the string returned by this function uses the decimal
+        separator appropriate for the current locale, e.g. @c "," and not a
+        period in French locale. Use FromCDouble() if this is unwanted.

 
 

+        @param val
+            The value to format.
+        @param precision
+            The number of fractional digits to use in or -1 to use the most
+            appropriate format. This parameter is new in wxWidgets 2.9.2.

 
 

+        @since 2.9.1
+
+        @see ToDouble()
+     */
+    static wxString FromDouble(double val, int precision = -1);
+
+    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        @name Iterator interface
+        Converts C string encoded in UTF-8 to wxString.
+
+        If @a s is not a valid UTF-8 string, an empty string is returned.
+
+        Notice that when using UTF-8 wxWidgets build there is a more efficient
+        alternative to this function called FromUTF8Unchecked() which, unlike
+        this one, doesn't check that the input string is valid.

 
 

-        These methods return iterators to the beginnnig or
-        end of the string.
+        @since 2.8.4

     */
     */

-    //@{
-        const_iterator begin() const;
-        iterator begin();
-        const_iterator end() const;
-        iterator end();
-
-        const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const;
-        reverse_iterator rbegin();
-        const_reverse_iterator rend() const;
-        reverse_iterator rend();
+    static wxString FromUTF8(const char* s);
+    static wxString FromUTF8(const char* s, size_t len);

     //@}
 
     //@}
 

+    //@{

     /**
     /**

-        @name STL interface
+        Converts C string encoded in UTF-8 to wxString without checking its
+        validity.

 
 

-        The supported STL functions are listed here. Please see any
-        STL reference for their documentation.
-    */
-    //@{
-        size_t length() const;
-        size_type size() const;
-        size_type max_size() const;
-        size_type capacity() const;
-        void reserve(size_t sz);
-
-        void resize(size_t nSize, wxUniChar ch = '\0');
-
-        wxString& append(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n);
-        wxString& append(const wxString& str);
-        wxString& append(const char *sz, size_t n);
-        wxString& append(const wchar_t *sz, size_t n);
-        wxString& append(size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
-        wxString& append(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
-
-        wxString& assign(const wxString& str, size_t pos, size_t n);
-        wxString& assign(const wxString& str);
-        wxString& assign(const char *sz, size_t n);
-        wxString& assign(const wchar_t *sz, size_t n);
-        wxString& assign(size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
-        wxString& assign(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
-
-        void clear();
-
-        int compare(const wxString& str) const;
-        int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxString& str) const;
-        int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
-              const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2) const;
-        int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
-              const char* sz, size_t nCount = npos) const;
-        int compare(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
-              const wchar_t* sz, size_t nCount = npos) const;
-
-        bool empty() const;
-
-        wxString& erase(size_type pos = 0, size_type n = npos);
-        iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last);
-        iterator erase(iterator first);
-
-        size_t find(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = 0) const;
-        size_t find(const char* sz, size_t nStart = 0, size_t n = npos) const;
-        size_t find(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart = 0, size_t n = npos) const;
-        size_t find(wxUniChar ch, size_t nStart = 0) const;
-
-        wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str);
-        wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wxString& str, size_t nStart, size_t n);
-        wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const char *sz, size_t n);
-        wxString& insert(size_t nPos, const wchar_t *sz, size_t n);
-        wxString& insert(size_t nPos, size_t n, wxUniChar ch);
-        iterator insert(iterator it, wxUniChar ch);
-        void insert(iterator it, const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
-        void insert(iterator it, size_type n, wxUniChar ch);
-
-        wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, const wxString& str);
-        wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen, size_t nCount, wxUniChar ch);
-        wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
-                    const wxString& str, size_t nStart2, size_t nLen2);
-        wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
-                    const char* sz, size_t nCount);
-        wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
-                    const wchar_t* sz, size_t nCount);
-        wxString& replace(size_t nStart, size_t nLen,
-                    const wxString& s, size_t nCount);
-        wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const wxString& s);
-        wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const char* s, size_type n);
-        wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const wchar_t* s, size_type n);
-        wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last, size_type n, wxUniChar ch);
-        wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last,
-                    const_iterator first1, const_iterator last1);
-        wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last,
-                    const char *first1, const char *last1);
-        wxString& replace(iterator first, iterator last,
-                    const wchar_t *first1, const wchar_t *last1);
-
-        size_t rfind(const wxString& str, size_t nStart = npos) const;
-        size_t rfind(const char* sz, size_t nStart = npos, size_t n = npos) const;
-        size_t rfind(const wchar_t* sz, size_t nStart = npos, size_t n = npos) const;
-        size_t rfind(wxUniChar ch, size_t nStart = npos) const;
-
-        wxString substr(size_t nStart = 0, size_t nLen = npos) const;
-
-        void swap(wxString& str);
+        This method assumes that @a s is a valid UTF-8 sequence and doesn't do
+        any validation (although an assert failure is triggered in debug builds
+        if the string is invalid). Only use it if you are absolutely sure that
+        @a s is a correct UTF-8 string (e.g. because it comes from another
+        library using UTF-8) and if the performance matters, otherwise use
+        slower (in UTF-8 build) but safer FromUTF8(). Passing a bad UTF-8
+        string to this function will result in creating a corrupted wxString
+        and all the subsequent operations on it will be undefined.

 
 

+        @since 2.8.9
+    */
+    static wxString FromUTF8Unchecked(const char* s);
+    static wxString FromUTF8Unchecked(const char* s, size_t len);

     //@}
     //@}

-

 };
 
 };
 

+
+
+//@{
+/**
+    Comparison operator for string types.
+*/
+inline bool operator==(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator< (const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator> (const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator<=(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator>=(const wxString& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator==(const wxString& s1, const wxCStrData& s2);
+inline bool operator==(const wxCStrData& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s1, const wxCStrData& s2);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxCStrData& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator==(const wxString& s1, const wxWCharBuffer& s2);
+inline bool operator==(const wxWCharBuffer& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s1, const wxWCharBuffer& s2);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxWCharBuffer& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator==(const wxString& s1, const wxCharBuffer& s2);
+inline bool operator==(const wxCharBuffer& s1, const wxString& s2);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s1, const wxCharBuffer& s2);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxCharBuffer& s1, const wxString& s2);
+//@}
+
+//@{
+/**
+    Comparison operators char types.
+*/
+inline bool operator==(const wxUniChar& c, const wxString& s);
+inline bool operator==(const wxUniCharRef& c, const wxString& s);
+inline bool operator==(char c, const wxString& s);
+inline bool operator==(wchar_t c, const wxString& s);
+inline bool operator==(int c, const wxString& s);
+inline bool operator==(const wxString& s, const wxUniChar& c);
+inline bool operator==(const wxString& s, const wxUniCharRef& c);
+inline bool operator==(const wxString& s, char c);
+inline bool operator==(const wxString& s, wchar_t c);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxUniChar& c, const wxString& s);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxUniCharRef& c, const wxString& s);
+inline bool operator!=(char c, const wxString& s);
+inline bool operator!=(wchar_t c, const wxString& s);
+inline bool operator!=(int c, const wxString& s);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s, const wxUniChar& c);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s, const wxUniCharRef& c);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s, char c);
+inline bool operator!=(const wxString& s, wchar_t c);
+//@}
+

 /**
     The global wxString instance of an empty string.
     Used extensively in the entire wxWidgets API.
 /**
     The global wxString instance of an empty string.
     Used extensively in the entire wxWidgets API.


@@ -1438,7 +1905,6 @@ wxString wxEmptyString;
 
 
 
 
 
 

-

 /**
     @class wxStringBufferLength
 
 /**
     @class wxStringBufferLength
 


@@ -1453,16 +1919,13 @@ wxString wxEmptyString;
 
     @code
         wxString theAnswer;
 
     @code
         wxString theAnswer;

-        wxStringBuffer theAnswerBuffer(theAnswer, 1024);
+        wxStringBufferLength theAnswerBuffer(theAnswer, 1024);

         int nLength = GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(theAnswerBuffer);
         theAnswerBuffer.SetLength(nLength);
         if ( theAnswer != "42" )
             wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
     @endcode
 
         int nLength = GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(theAnswerBuffer);
         theAnswerBuffer.SetLength(nLength);
         if ( theAnswer != "42" )
             wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
     @endcode
 

-    @todo
-        the example above does not make use of wxStringBufferLength??
-

     Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not wxUSE_STL is
     enabled. If wxUSE_STL is enabled, wxStringBuffer creates a separate empty
     character buffer, and if wxUSE_STL is disabled, it uses GetWriteBuf() from
     Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not wxUSE_STL is
     enabled. If wxUSE_STL is enabled, wxStringBuffer creates a separate empty
     character buffer, and if wxUSE_STL is disabled, it uses GetWriteBuf() from


@@ -1509,3 +1972,81 @@ public:
     wxChar* operator wxChar *();
 };
 
     wxChar* operator wxChar *();
 };
 

+
+/**
+    @class wxStringBuffer
+
+    This tiny class allows you to conveniently access the wxString internal buffer
+    as a writable pointer without any risk of forgetting to restore the string
+    to the usable state later.
+
+    For example, assuming you have a low-level OS function called
+    @c "GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(char *)" returning the value in the provided
+    buffer (which must be writable, of course) you might call it like this:
+
+    @code
+        wxString theAnswer;
+        GetMeaningOfLifeAsString(wxStringBuffer(theAnswer, 1024));
+        if ( theAnswer != "42" )
+            wxLogError("Something is very wrong!");
+    @endcode
+
+    Note that the exact usage of this depends on whether or not @c wxUSE_STL is
+    enabled. If @c wxUSE_STL is enabled, wxStringBuffer creates a separate empty
+    character buffer, and if @c wxUSE_STL is disabled, it uses GetWriteBuf() from
+    wxString, keeping the same buffer wxString uses intact. In other words,
+    relying on wxStringBuffer containing the old wxString data is not a good
+    idea if you want to build your program both with and without @c wxUSE_STL.
+
+    @library{wxbase}
+    @category{data}
+*/
+class wxStringBuffer
+{
+public:
+    /**
+        Constructs a writable string buffer object associated with the given string
+        and containing enough space for at least @a len characters.
+        Basically, this is equivalent to calling wxString::GetWriteBuf() and
+        saving the result.
+    */
+    wxStringBuffer(const wxString& str, size_t len);
+
+    /**
+        Restores the string passed to the constructor to the usable state by calling
+        wxString::UngetWriteBuf() on it.
+    */
+    ~wxStringBuffer();
+
+    /**
+        Returns the writable pointer to a buffer of the size at least equal to the
+        length specified in the constructor.
+    */
+    wxStringCharType* operator wxStringCharType *();
+};
+
+
+/** @addtogroup group_funcmacro_string */
+//@{
+
+/**
+    Allows to extend a function with the signature:
+    @code bool SomeFunc(const wxUniChar& c) @endcode
+    which operates on a single character, to an entire wxString.
+
+    E.g. if you want to check if an entire string contains only digits,
+    you can do:
+    @code
+        if (wxStringCheck<wxIsdigit>(myString))
+            ... // the entire string contains only digits!
+        else
+            ... // at least one character of myString is not a digit
+    @endcode
+
+    @return @true if the given function returns a non-zero value for all
+            characters of the @a val string.
+*/
+template<bool (T)(const wxUniChar& c)>
+    inline bool wxStringCheck(const wxString& val);
+
+//@}