fixing return values and handling of invalid files

[wxWidgets.git] / docs / motif / install.txt

wxWidgets for Motif installation
--------------------------------

IMPORTANT NOTE:

  If you experience problems installing, please re-read these
  instructions and other related files (todo.txt, bugs.txt and
  osname.txt for your platform if it exists) carefully before
  mailing wx-users or the author. Preferably, try to fix the
  problem first and then send a patch to the author.
  
  When sending bug reports tell us what version of wxWidgets you are 
  using (including the beta) and what compiler on what system. One 
  example: wxMotif 2.8.1, gcc 2.95.4, Redhat 6.1

First steps
-----------

- Prerequisites: Motif 1.2 or above, or Lesstif. Motif 2.0 and
  above may also be suitable.

- Download wxX11-x.y.z.tgz, where x.y.z is the version number.
  (wxMotif is included in the wxX11 distribution).
  Download documentation in a preferred format, such as
  wxWidgets-HTML.zip or wxWidgets-PDF.zip.

- Make a directory such as ~/wx and unarchive the files into this
  directory.

- It is recommended that you install bison and flex; using yacc
  and lex may require tweaking of the makefiles. You also need
  libXpm (see comments in the Notes section below) if you want to have
  XPM support in wxWidgets (recommended).

- You can now use configure to build wxWidgets and the samples.

  Using configure is the only way to build the library. If it doesn't
  work for you for whatever reason, please report it (together with detailed
  information about your platform and the (relevant part of) contents of
  config.log file) to wx-dev@lists.wxwidgets.org.


COMPILING USING CONFIGURE
=========================

* The simplest case
-------------------

If you compile wxWidgets on Linux for the first time and don't like to read 
install instructions just do (in the base dir):

> ./configure --with-motif
> make
> su <type root password>
> make install
> ldconfig
> exit

Afterwards you can continue with

> make
> su <type root password>
> make install
> ldconfig
> exit

If you want to remove wxWidgets on Unix you can do this:

> su <type root password>
> make uninstall
> ldconfig
> exit

* The expert case
-----------------

If you want to do some more serious cross-platform programming with wxWidgets, 
such as for GTK and Motif, you can now build two complete libraries and use 
them concurrently. For this end, you have to create a directory for each build 
of wxWidgets - you may also want to create different versions of wxWidgets
and test them concurrently. Most typically, this would be a version configured 
with --enable-debug and one without.

For building three versions (one GTK, one Motif and a debug version of the GTK
source) you'd do this:

mkdir buildmotif
cd buildmotif
../configure --with-motif
make
cd ..

mkdir buildgtk
cd buildgtk
../configure --with-gtk
make
cd ..

mkdir buildgtkd
cd buildgtkd
../configure --with-gtk --enable-debug
make
cd ..

Note that since wxWidgets-2.6.0 you can install all those libraries
concurrently, you just need to pass the appropriate flags when using them.

* The simplest errors
---------------------

You get errors during compilation: The reason is that you probably have a
broken compiler.  GCC 2.8 and earlier versions and egcs are likely to cause
problems due to incomplete support for C++ and optimisation bugs.  Best to use
GCC 2.95 or later.

You get immediate segfault when starting any sample or application: This is
either due to having compiled the library with different flags or options than
your program - typically you might have the __WXDEBUG__ option set for the
library but not for your program - or due to using a compiler with optimisation
bugs.

* The simplest program
----------------------

Now create your super-application myfoo.app and compile anywhere with

g++ myfoo.cpp `wx-config --libs --cxxflags` -o myfoo

* General
---------

The Unix variants of wxWidgets use GNU configure. If you have problems with
your make use GNU make instead.

If you have general problems with installation, see the wxWidgets website at 

  http://www.wxwidgets.org/
  
for newest information. If you still don't have any success, please send a bug 
report to one of our mailing lists (see my homepage) INCLUDING A DESCRIPTION OF
YOUR SYSTEM AND YOUR PROBLEM, SUCH AS YOUR VERSION OF MOTIF, WXMOTIF, WHAT
DISTRIBUTION YOU USE AND WHAT ERROR WAS REPORTED. I know this has no effect,
but I tried...

* GUI libraries
---------------

wxWidgets/Motif requires the Motif library to be installed on your system. As
an alternative, you may also use the free library "lesstif" which implements
most of the Motif API without the licence restrictions of Motif.

You can get the newest version of the Lesstif from the lesstif homepage at:

  http://www.lesstif.org/
  
* Additional libraries
----------------------

wxWidgets/Motif requires a thread library and X libraries known to work with
threads.  This is the case on all commercial Unix-Variants and all
Linux-Versions that are based on glibc 2 except RedHat 5.0 which is broken in
many aspects. As of writing this, virtually all Linux distributions have
correct glibc 2 support.

You can disable thread support by running 

./configure --disable-threads
make
su <type root password>
make install
ldconfig
exit
  
* Building wxMotif on OS/2
--------------------------

Please send comments and question about the OS/2 installation
to Stefan Neis <Stefan.Neis@t-online.de> and patches to
the wxWidgets mailing list.

In the following list, the version numbers indicate the configuration that
was actually used by myself, newer version should cause no problems and
even older ones are expected to work most of the time.

You'll need OS/2 Warp (4.51) or eCS(1.0), X-Free86/2 (3.3.6 or newer),
Lesstif (0.92.7 or newer), emx (0.9d fix 4), a Unix like shell (pdksh-5.2.14
or ash), Autoconf (2.57), GNU file utilities (3.13), GNU text utilities (1.19),
GNU shell utilites (1.12), m4 (1.4), sed (2.05), grep (2.0), Awk (3.0.3),
GNU Make (3.75).

Preferably, you should have Posix/2 installed and C(PLUS)_INCLUDE_PATH and
LIBRARY_PATH set up accordingly, however, wxGTK will even work without it.
Presence of Posix/2 will be auto-detected.

Open an OS/2 prompt and switch to the directory above.
Set MAKESHELL or MAKE_SHELL (which one is needed depends on the version of
make) to a Unix like shell, e.g.
SET MAKESHELL=ash
If you have a really deficient version of GNU make, it might even be
necessary to set SHELL or even COMSPEC to a unix like shell as well. 
Depending on your installation you might want to also set INSTALL, for me
it tends to try to use the system's tcpip\pcomos\install.exe which causes
problems, e.g.
SET INSTALL=<path_to_src_directory>/install-sh -c

Notice that the delivered configure scripts are fully OS/2 aware, so you
can simply run
    ash -c "configure --with-motif"
and make and possibly make install as described above.

To verify Lesstif installation, configure will try to compile a
sample program that requires X headers/libraries to be either
available via C_INCLUDE_PATH and LIBRARY_PATH or you need to
explicitly set CFLAGS prior to running configure.

* Building wxMotif on SGI
-------------------------

Using the SGI native compilers, it is recommended that you
also set CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS before running configure. These 
should be set to :

CFLAGS="-mips3 -n32" 
CXXFLAGS="-mips3 -n32"

This is essential if you want to use the resultant binaries 
on any other machine than the one it was compiled on. If you 
have a 64bit machine (Octane) you should also do this to ensure 
you don't accidently build the libraries as 64bit (which is 
untested).

The SGI native compiler support has only been tested on Irix 6.5.

* Building wxMotif on Cygwin
----------------------------

The normal build instructions should work fine on Cygwin. The one difference
with Cygwin is that when using the "--enable-shared" configure option (which
is the default) the API is exported explicitly using __declspec(dllexport)
rather than all global symbols being available.

This shouldn't make a difference using the library and should be a little
more efficient. However if an export attribute has been missed somewhere you
will see linking errors. If this happens then you can work around the
problem by setting LDFLAGS=-Wl,--export-all-symbols. Please also let us know
about it on the wx-dev mailing list.

* Create your configuration
---------------------------

Usage:
	./configure [options]

If you want to use system's C and C++ compiler,
set environment variables CXX and CC as

	% setenv CC cc
	% setenv CXX CC
	% ./configure options

to see all the options please use:

	./configure --help

The basic philosophy is that if you want to use different
configurations, like a debug and a release version, 
or use the same source tree on different systems,
you have only to change the environment variable OSTYPE.
(Sadly this variable is not set by default on some systems
in some shells - on SGI's for example). So you will have to 
set it there. This variable HAS to be set before starting 
configure, so that it knows which system it tries to 
configure for.

Configure will complain if the system variable OSTYPE has 
not been defined. And Make in some circumstances as well...


* General options
-------------------

Given below are the commands to change the default behaviour,
i.e. if it says "--disable-threads" it means that threads
are enabled by default.

Many of the configure options have been thoroughly tested
in wxWidgets snapshot 6, but not yet all (ODBC not).

You have to add --with-motif on platforms, where Motif is
not the default (on Linux, configure will default to GTK).

	--with-motif             Use either Motif or Lesstif
	                         Configure will look for both. 

The following options handle the kind of library you want to build.

	--disable-threads       Compile without thread support. Threads
	                        support is also required for the
	                        socket code to work.

	--disable-shared        Do not create shared libraries.

	--enable-monolithic     Build wxWidgets as single library instead
	                        of as several smaller libraries (which is
	                        the default since wxWidgets 2.5.0).

	--disable-optimise      Do not optimise the code. Can
	                        sometimes be useful for debugging
	                        and is required on some architectures
	                        such as Sun with gcc 2.8.X which
	                        would otherwise produce segvs.

	--enable-profile        Add profiling info to the object 
				files. Currently broken, I think.
				
	--enable-no_rtti        Enable compilation without creation of
	                        C++ RTTI information in object files. 
				This will speed-up compilation and reduce 
				binary size.
				
	--enable-no_exceptions  Enable compilation without creation of
	                        C++ exception information in object files. 
				This will speed-up compilation and reduce 
				binary size. Also fewer crashes during the
				actual compilation...
				
	--enable-no_deps        Enable compilation without creation of
	                        dependency information.
				
	--enable-permissive     Enable compilation without checking for strict
	                        ANSI conformance.  Useful to prevent the build
	                        dying with errors as soon as you compile with
	                        Solaris' ANSI-defying headers.

	--enable-mem_tracing    Add built-in memory tracing. 

	--enable-dmalloc        Use the dmalloc memory debugger.
	                        Read more at www.letters.com/dmalloc/

	--enable-debug		Equivalent to --enable-debug_info plus
				--enable-debug-flag.

	--enable-debug_info	Add debug info to object files and
	                        executables for use with debuggers
				such as gdb (or its many frontends).

	--enable-debug_flag	Define __DEBUG__ and __WXDEBUG__ when
	                        compiling. This enable wxWidgets' very
				useful internal debugging tricks (such
				as automatically reporting illegal calls)
				to work. Note that program and library
				must be compiled with the same debug 
				options.

* Feature Options
-----------------

Many of the configure options have been thoroughly tested
in wxWidgets snapshot 6, but not yet all (ODBC not).

When producing an executable that is linked statically with wxGTK
you'll be surprised at its immense size. This can sometimes be
drastically reduced by removing features from wxWidgets that 
are not used in your program. The most relevant such features
are

	--without-libpng	Disables PNG image format code.

	--without-libjpeg	Disables JPEG image format code.

	--without-odbc          Disables ODBC code.

	--without-libtiff       Disables TIFF image format code.

	--without-expat         Disable XML classes based on Expat parser.

	--disable-threads       Disables threads. Will also
	                        disable sockets.

	--disable-sockets       Disables sockets.

	--disable-dnd           Disables Drag'n'Drop.

	--disable-clipboard     Disables Clipboard.

	--disable-streams       Disables the wxStream classes.

	--disable-file          Disables the wxFile class.

	--disable-textfile      Disables the wxTextFile class.

	--disable-intl          Disables the internationalisation.

	--disable-validators    Disables validators.

	--disable-accel         Disables accel.
	
Apart from disabling certain features you can very often "strip"
the program of its debugging information resulting in a significant
reduction in size.

Please see the output of "./configure --help" for comprehensive list
of all configurable options.


* Compiling
-----------

The following must be done in the base directory (e.g. ~/wxMotif
or ~/wxWin or whatever)

Now the makefiles are created (by configure) and you can compile 
the library by typing:

	make

make yourself some coffee, as it will take some time. On an old
Pentium 200 around 40 minutes. During compilation, you may get a few 
warning messages depending in your compiler.

If you want to be more selective, you can change into a specific
directory and type "make" there.

Then you may install the library and its header files under
/usr/local/include/wx and /usr/local/lib respectively. You
have to log in as root (i.e. run "su" and enter the root
password) and type

        make install	

You can remove any traces of wxWidgets by typing

        make uninstall
	
If you want to save disk space by removing unnecessary
object-files:

	 make clean

in the various directories will do the work for you.

* Creating a new Project
------------------------

1) The first way uses the installed libraries and header files
automatically using wx-config

g++ myfoo.cpp `wx-config --libs` `wx-config --cxxflags` -o myfoo

Using this way, a make file for the minimal sample would look
like this

CXX = g++

minimal: minimal.o
    $(CXX) -o minimal minimal.o `wx-config --libs` 

minimal.o: minimal.cpp mondrian.xpm
    $(CXX) `wx-config --cxxflags` -c minimal.cpp -o minimal.o

clean: 
	rm -f *.o minimal

This is certain to become the standard way unless we decide
to stick to tmake.

If your application uses only some of wxWidgets libraries, you can
specify required libraries when running wx-config. For example,
`wx-config --libs=html,core` will only output link command to link
with libraries required by core GUI classes and wxHTML classes. See
the manual for more information on the libraries.

2) The other way creates a project within the source code 
directories of wxWidgets. For this endeavour, you'll need
GNU autoconf version 2.14 and add an entry to your Makefile.in
to the bottom of the configure.in script and run autoconf
and configure before you can type make.

* Further notes by Julian Smart
---------------------------------

- You may find the following script useful for compiling wxMotif,
  especially if installing from zips (which don't preserve file
  permissions). Make this script executable with the command
  chmod a+x makewxmotif.

  -------:x-----Cut here-----:x-----
  # makewxmotif
  # Sets permissions (in case we extracted wxMotif from zip files)
  # and makes wxMotif.
  # Call from top-level wxWidgets directory.
  # Note that this uses standard (but commonly-used) configure options;
  # if you're feeling brave, you may wish to compile with threads:
  # if they're not supported by the target platform, they will be disabled
  # anyhow
  # -- Julian Smart
  chmod a+x configure config.sub config.guess
  ./configure --with-shared --with-motif --with-debug_flag --with-debug_info --enable-debug --without-threads --without-sockets --without-odbc
  make
  -------:x-----Cut here-----:x-----

  This script will build wxMotif using shared libraries. If you want to build
  a static wxWidgets library, use --disable-shared.

Troubleshooting
---------------

- Solaris compilation with gcc: if the compiler has problems with the variable
  argument functions, try putting the gcc fixinclude file paths early in the
  include path.

- If you operator-related compile errors or strange memory problems
  (for example in deletion of string arrays), set wxUSE_GLOBAL_MEMORY_OPERATORS
  and wxUSE_MEMORY_TRACING to 0 in setup.h, and recompile.

- If you get an internal compiler error in gcc, turn off optimisations.

- Problems with XtDestroyWidget crashing in ~wxWindow have been
  reported on SGI IRIX 6.4. This has not yet been resolved, so
  any advice here would be very welcome. See bugs.txt for a
  possible temporary workaround (comment out the final
  XtDestroyWidget from ~wxWindow in window.cpp).

- Some compilers, such as Sun C++, may give a lot of warnings about
  virtual functions being hidden. Please ignore these, it's correct C++ syntax.
  If you find any incorrect instances, though, such as a
  missing 'const' in an overridden function, please let us know.

Other Notes
-----------

- Using configure will create a release build of the library by
  default: it's recommended to use --enable-debug configure switch
  while developing your application. To compile in non-debug mode, use
  --disable-debug configure switch.

Bug reports
-----------

Please send bug reports with a description of your environment,
compiler and the error message(s) to the wxwin-developers mailing list at:

    wx-dev@lists.wxwidgets.org

Julian Smart, Robert Roebling and Vadim Zeitlin, November 1999.