fixed bug in mouse handling
[wxWidgets.git] / docs / latex / wx / tsamples.tex
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1%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
2%% Name: tsamples.tex
3%% Purpose: Samples description
4%% Author: Vadim Zeitlin
5%% Modified by:
6%% Created: 02.11.99
7%% RCS-ID: $Id$
8%% Copyright: (c) wxWindows team
f6bcfd97 9%% License: wxWindows license
eb91c0be 10%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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11% NB: please keep the subsections in alphabetic order!
12
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13\section{wxWindows samples}\label{samples}
14
15Probably the best way to learn wxWindows is by reading the source of some 50+
16samples provided with it. Many aspects of wxWindows programming can be learnt
17from them, but sometimes it is not simple to just choose the right sample to
18look at. This overview aims at describing what each sample does/demonstrates to
19make it easier to find the relevant one if a simple grep through all sources
20didn't help. They also provide some notes about using the samples and what
21features of wxWindows are they supposed to test.
22
238ddd26 23There are currently more than 50 different samples as part of wxWindows and
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24this list is not complete. You should start your tour of wxWindows with the
25\helpref{minimal sample}{sampleminimal} which is the wxWindows version of
26"Hello, world!". It shows the basic structure of wxWindows program and is the
27most commented sample of all - looking at its source code is recommended.
28
29The next most useful sample is probably the \helpref{controls}{samplecontrols}
30one which shows many of wxWindows standard controls, such as buttons,
ecf527c0 31listboxes, checkboxes, comboboxes etc.
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32
33Other, more complicated controls, have their own samples. In this category you
34may find the following samples showing the corresponding controls:
35
36\begin{twocollist}\itemsep=0pt
37\twocolitem{\helpref{wxCalendarCtrl}{samplecalendar}}{Calendar a.k.a. date picker control}
38\twocolitem{\helpref{wxListCtrl}{samplelistctrl}}{List view control}
39\twocolitem{\helpref{wxTreeCtrl}{sampletreectrl}}{Tree view control}
40\twocolitem{\helpref{wxGrid}{samplegrid}}{Grid control}
41\end{twocollist}
42
43Finally, it might be helpful to do a search in the entire sample directory if
44you can't find the sample you showing the control you are interested in by
45name. Most of wxWindows classes, occur in at least one of the samples.
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46
47\subsection{Minimal sample}\label{sampleminimal}
48
49The minimal sample is what most people will know under the term Hello World,
50i.e. a minimal program that doesn't demonstrate anything apart from what is
51needed to write a program that will display a "hello" dialog. This is usually
52a good starting point for learning how to use wxWindows.
53
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54\subsection{Calendar sample}\label{samplecalendar}
55
56This font shows the \helpref{calendar control}{wxcalendarctrl} in action. It
57shows how to configure the control (see the different options in the calendar
58menu) and also how to process the notifications from it.
59
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60\subsection{Checklist sample}\label{samplechecklist}
61
62This sample demonstrates the use of the \helpref{wxCheckListBox}{wxchecklistbox}
63class intercepting check, select and double click events. It also tests the
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64use of various methods modifying the control, such as by deleting items
65from it or inserting new once (these functions are actually implemented in
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66the parent class \helpref{wxListBox}{wxlistbox} so the sample tests that class
67as well). The layout of the dialog is created using a \helpref{wxBoxSizer}{wxboxsizer}
68demonstrating a simple dynamic layout.
69
70\subsection{Config sample}\label{sampleconfig}
71
72This sample demonstrates the \helpref{wxConfig}{wxconfigbase} classes in a platform
f6bcfd97 73indenpedent way, i.e. it uses text based files to store a given configuration under
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74Unix and uses the Registry under Windows.
75
76See \helpref{wxConfig overview}{wxconfigoverview} for the descriptions of all
77features of this class.
78
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79\subsection{Controls sample}\label{samplecontrols}
80
81The controls sample is the main test program for most simple controls used in
82wxWindows. The sample tests their basic functionality, events, placement,
83modification in terms of colour and font as well as the possibility to change
84the controls programmatically, such as adding item to a list box etc. Apart
85from that, the sample uses a \helpref{wxNotebook}{wxnotebook} and tests most
f6bcfd97 86features of this special control (using bitmap in the tabs, using
32ab332f 87\helpref{wxSizers}{wxsizer} and \helpref{constraints}{wxlayoutconstraints} within
f6bcfd97 88notebook pages, advancing pages programmatically and vetoing a page change
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89by intercepting the \helpref{wxNotebookEvent}{wxnotebookevent}.
90
91The various controls tested are listed here:
ecf527c0 92
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93\begin{twocollist}\itemsep=0pt
94\twocolitem{\helpref{wxButton}{wxbutton}}{Push button control, displaying text}
95\twocolitem{\helpref{wxBitmapButton}{wxbitmapbutton}}{Push button control, displaying a bitmap}
96\twocolitem{\helpref{wxCheckBox}{wxcheckbox}}{Checkbox control}
97\twocolitem{\helpref{wxChoice}{wxchoice}}{Choice control (a combobox without the editable area)}
98\twocolitem{\helpref{wxComboBox}{wxcombobox}}{A choice with an editable area}
99\twocolitem{\helpref{wxGauge}{wxgauge}}{A control to represent a varying quantity, such as time remaining}
100\twocolitem{\helpref{wxStaticBox}{wxstaticbox}}{A static, or group box for visually grouping related controls}
101\twocolitem{\helpref{wxListBox}{wxlistbox}}{A list of strings for single or multiple selection}
102\twocolitem{wxSpinCtrl}{A spin ctrl with a text field and a `up-down' control}
103\twocolitem{\helpref{wxSpinButton}{wxspinbutton}}{A spin or `up-down' control}
104\twocolitem{\helpref{wxStaticText}{wxstatictext}}{One or more lines of non-editable text}
105\twocolitem{\helpref{wxStaticBitmap}{wxstaticbitmap}}{A control to display a bitmap}
106\twocolitem{\helpref{wxRadioBox}{wxradiobox}}{A group of radio buttons}
107\twocolitem{\helpref{wxRadioButton}{wxradiobutton}}{A round button to be used with others in a mutually exclusive way}
108\twocolitem{\helpref{wxSlider}{wxslider}}{A slider that can be dragged by the user}
109\end{twocollist}
110
111\subsection{Database sample}\label{sampledb}
112
113The database sample is a small test program showing how to use the ODBC
114classes written by Remstar Intl. These classes are documented in a separate
115manual available from the wxWindows homepage. Obviously, this sample
116requires a database with ODBC support to be correctly installed on your
117system.
118
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119\subsection{Dialogs sample}\label{sampledialogs}
120
121This sample shows how to use the common dialogs available from wxWindows. These
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122dialogs are described in details in the \helpref{Common dialogs overview}{commondialogsoverview}.
123
124\subsection{Dialup sample}\label{sampledialup}
125
126This sample shows \helpref{wxDialUpManager}{wxdialupmanager}
127class. It displays in the status bar the information gathered through itsi
128nterface: in particular, the current connection status (online or offline) and
129whether the connection is permanent (in which case a string `LAN' appears in
130the thrid status bar field - but note that you may have be on a LAN not
131connected to the Internet, in which case you will not see this) or not.
132
133Using the menu entries, you may also dial or hang up the line if you have a
134modem attached and (this only makes sense for Windows) list the available
135connections.
cddfbd9f 136
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137\subsection{Dynamic sample}\label{sampledynamic}
138
139This sample is a very small sample that demonstrates the use of the
140\helpref{wxEvtHandler::Connect}{wxevthandlerconnect} method. This method
141should be used whenever it is not known at compile time, which control
142will receive which event or which controls are actually going to be in
143a dialog or frame. This is most typically the case for any scripting
f6bcfd97 144language that would work as a wrapper for wxWindows or programs where
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145forms or similar datagrams can be created by the uses.
146
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147\subsection{Exec sample}\label{sampleexec}
148
149The exec sample demonstrates the \helpref{wxExecute}{wxexecute} and
150\helpref{wxShell}{wxshell} functions. Both of them are used to execute the
151external programs and the sample shows how to do this synchronously (waiting
152until the program terminates) or asynchronously (notification will come later).
153
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154It also shows how to capture the output of the child process in both
155synchronous and asynchronous cases.
156
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157\subsection{Scroll subwindow sample}\label{samplescrollsub}
158
528e0faf 159This sample demonstrates the use of the \helpref{wxScrolledWindow}{wxscrolledwindow}
f6bcfd97 160class including placing subwindows into it and drawing simple graphics. It uses the
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161\helpref{SetTargetWindow}{wxscrolledwindowsettargetwindow} method and thus the effect
162of scrolling does not show in the scrolled window itself, but in one of its subwindows.
163
164Additionally, this samples demonstrates how to optimize drawing operations in wxWindows,
165in particular using the \helpref{wxWindow::IsExposed}{wxwindowisexposed} method with
166the aim to prevent unnecessary drawing in the window and thus reducing or removing
167flicker on screen.
168
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169\subsection{Rotate sample}\label{samplerotate}
170
171This is a simple example which demonstrates how to rotate an image with
172the \helpref{wxImage::Rotate}{wximagerotate} method. The rotation can
173be done without interpolation (left mouse button) which will be faster,
174or with interpolation (right mouse button) which is slower but gives
175better results.
176
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177\subsection{Font sample}\label{samplefont}
178
179The font sample demonstrates \helpref{wxFont}{wxfont},
180\helpref{wxFontEnumerator}{wxfontenumerator} and
181\helpref{wxFontMapper}{wxfontmapper} classes. It allows you to see the fonts
182available (to wxWindows) on the computer and shows all characters of the
183chosen font as well.
184
c03648c2 185\subsection{DnD sample}\label{samplednd}
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186
187This sample shows both clipboard and drag and drop in action. It is quite non
188trivial and may be safely used as a basis for implementing the clipboard and
189drag and drop operations in a real-life program.
190
191When you run the sample, its screen is split in several parts. On the top,
192there are two listboxes which show the standard derivations of
193\helpref{wxDropTarget}{wxdroptarget}:
194\helpref{wxTextDropTarget}{wxtextdroptarget} and
195\helpref{wxFileDropTarget}{wxfiledroptarget}.
196
197The middle of the sample window is taken by the log window which shows what is
198going on (of course, this only works in debug builds) and may be helpful to see
199the sequence of steps of data transfer.
200
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201Finally, the last part is used for dragging text from it to either one of the
202listboxes (only one will accept it) or another application. The last
203functionality available from the main frame is to paste a bitmap from the
204clipboard (or, in the case of Windows version, also a metafile) - it will be
205shown in a new frame.
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206
207So far, everything we mentioned was implemented with minimal amount of code
208using standard wxWindows classes. The more advanced features are demonstrated
209if you create a shape frame from the main frame menu. A shape is a geometric
210object which has a position, size and color. It models some
211application-specific data in this sample. A shape object supports its own
212private \helpref{wxDataFormat}{wxdataformat} which means that you may cut and
213paste it or drag and drop (between one and the same or different shapes) from
214one sample instance to another (or the same). However, chances are that no
215other program supports this format and so shapes can also be rendered as
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216bitmaps which allows them to be pasted/dropped in many other applications
217(and, under Windows, also as metafiles which are supported by most of Windows
218programs as well - try Write/Wordpad, for example).
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219
220Take a look at DnDShapeDataObject class to see how you may use
221\helpref{wxDataObject}{wxdataobject} to achieve this.
cd77c085 222
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223\subsection{Grid sample}\label{samplegrid}
224
225TODO.
226
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227\subsection{HTML samples}\label{samplehtml}
228
229Eight HTML samples (you can find them in directory {\tt samples/html})
230cover all features of HTML sub-library.
231
528e0faf 232{\bf Test} demonstrates how to create \helpref{wxHtmlWindow}{wxhtmlwindow}
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233and also shows most of supported HTML tags.
234
235{\bf Widget} shows how you can embed ordinary controls or windows within
236HTML page. It also nicely explains how to write new tag handlers and extend
237the library to work with unsupported tags.
238
239{\bf About} may give you an idea how to write good-looking about boxes.
240
241{\bf Zip} demonstrates use of virtual file systems in wxHTML. The zip archives
242handler (ships with wxWindows) allows you to access HTML pages stored
243in compressed archive as if they were ordinary files.
244
f6bcfd97 245{\bf Virtual} is yet another virtual file systems demo. This one generates pages at run-time.
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246You may find it useful if you need to display some reports in your application.
247
528e0faf 248{\bf Printing} explains use of \helpref{wxHtmlEasyPrinting}{wxhtmleasyprinting}
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249class which serves as as-simple-as-possible interface for printing HTML
250documents without much work. In fact, only few function calls are sufficient.
251
252{\bf Help} and {\bf Helpview} are variations on displaying HTML help
f6bcfd97 253(compatible with MS HTML Help Workshop). {\it Help} shows how to embed
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254\helpref{wxHtmlHelpController}{wxhtmlhelpcontroller} in your application
255while {\it Helpview} is simple tool that only pops up help window and
256displays help books given at command line.
257
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258\subsection{Image sample}\label{sampleimage}
259
260The image sample demonstrates the use of the \helpref{wxImage}{wximage} class
261and shows how to download images in a variety of formats, currently PNG, GIF,
262TIFF, JPEG, BMP, PNM and PCX. The top of the sample shows to rectangles, one
f6bcfd97 263of which is drawn directly in the window, the other one is drawn into a
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264\helpref{wxBitmap}{wxbitmap}, converted to a wxImage, saved as a PNG image
265and then reloaded from the PNG file again so that conversions between wxImage
266and wxBitmap as well as loading and save PNG files are tested.
267
105521d1 268At the bottom of the main frame is a test for using a monochrome bitmap by
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269drawing into a \helpref{wxMemoryDC}{wxmemorydc}. The bitmap is then drawn
270specifying the foreground and background colours with
271\helpref{wxDC::SetTextForeground}{wxdcsettextforeground} and
272\helpref{wxDC::SetTextBackground}{wxdcsettextbackground} (on the left). The
273bitmap is then converted to a wxImage and the foreground colour (black) is
274replaced with red using \helpref{wxImage::Replace}{wximagereplace}.
275
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276\subsection{Layout sample}\label{samplelayout}
277
278The layout sample demonstrates the two different layout systems offered
279by wxWindows. When starting the program, you will see a frame with some
280controls and some graphics. The controls will change their size whenever
281you resize the entire frame and the exact behaviour of the size changes
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282is determined using the \helpref{wxLayoutConstraints}{wxlayoutconstraints}
283class. See also the \helpref{overview}{constraintsoverview} and the
284\helpref{wxIndividualLayoutConstraint}{wxindividuallayoutconstraint}
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285class for further information.
286
287The menu in this sample offers two more tests, one showing how to use
288a \helpref{wxBoxSizer}{wxboxsizer} in a simple dialog and the other one
528e0faf 289showing how to use sizers in connection with a \helpref{wxNotebook}{wxnotebook}
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290class. See also \helpref{wxNotebookSizer}{wxnotebooksizer} and
291\helpref{wxSizer}{wxsizer}.
292
963863ad 293\subsection{Listctrl sample}\label{samplelistctrl}
32ab332f 294
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295This sample shows \helpref{wxListCtrl}{wxlistctrl} control. Different modes
296supported by the control (list, icons, small icons, report) may be chosen from
297the menu.
32ab332f 298
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299The sample also provides some timings for adding/deleting/sorting a lot of
300(several thousands) controls into the control.
32ab332f 301
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302\subsection{Sockets sample}\label{samplesockets}
303
304The sockets sample demonstrates how to use the communication facilities
305provided by \helpref{wxSocket}{wxsocketbase}. There are two different
528e0faf 306applications in this sample: a server, which is implemented using a
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307\helpref{wxSocketServer}{wxsocketserver} object, and a client, which
308is implemented as a \helpref{wxSocketClient}{wxsocketclient}.
309
310The server binds to the local address, using TCP port number 3000,
311sets up an event handler to be notified of incoming connection requests
312({\bf wxSOCKET\_CONNECTION} events), and stands there, waiting for clients
313({\it listening} in the socket parlance). For each accepted connection,
314a new \helpref{wxSocketBase}{wxsocketbase} object is created. These
315socket objects are independent from the server that created them, so
316they set up their own event handler, and then request to be notified
528e0faf 317of {\bf wxSOCKET\_INPUT} (incoming data) or {\bf wxSOCKET\_LOST}
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318(connection closed at the remote end) events. In the sample, the event
319handler is the same for all connections; to find out which socket the
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320event is addressed to, the \helpref{GetSocket}{wxsocketeventgetsocket} function
321is used.
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322
323Although it might take some time to get used to the event-oriented
324system upon which wxSocket is built, the benefits are many. See, for
325example, that the server application, while being single-threaded
326(and of course without using fork() or ugly select() loops) can handle
327an arbitrary number of connections.
328
329The client starts up unconnected, so you can use the Connect... option
330to specify the address of the server you are going to connect to (the
331TCP port number is hard-coded as 3000). Once connected, a number of
332tests are possible. Currently, three tests are implemented. They show
333how to use the basic IO calls in \helpref{wxSocketBase}{wxsocketbase},
528e0faf 334such as \helpref{Read}{wxsocketbaseread}, \helpref{Write}{wxsocketbasewrite},
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335\helpref{ReadMsg}{wxsocketbasereadmsg} and \helpref{WriteMsg}{wxsocketbasewritemsg},
336and how to set up the correct IO flags depending on what you are going to
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337do. See the comments in the code for more information. Note that because
338both clients and connection objects in the server set up an event handler
339to catch {\bf wxSOCKET\_LOST} events, each one is immediately notified
340if the other end closes the connection.
e5a2291a 341
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342There is also an URL test which shows how to use
343the \helpref{wxURL}{wxurl} class to fetch data from a given URL.
b4e87ec3 344
5adbbc29 345The sockets sample is work in progress. Some things to do:
e5a2291a 346
ecf527c0 347\begin{itemize}\itemsep=0pt
e5a2291a 348\item More tests for basic socket functionality.
b4e87ec3 349\item More tests for protocol classes (wxProtocol and its descendants).
5adbbc29 350\item Tests for the recently added (and still in alpha stage) datagram sockets.
e5a2291a 351\item New samples which actually do something useful (suggestions accepted).
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352\end{itemize}
353
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354\subsection{Statbar sample}\label{samplestatbar}
355
105521d1 356This sample shows how to create and use wxStatusBar. Although most of the
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357samples have a statusbar, they usually only create a default one and only
358do it once.
359
360Here you can see how to recreate the statusbar (with possibly different number
361of fields) and how to use it to show icons/bitmaps and/or put arbitrary
362controls into it.
363
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364\subsection{Text sample}\label{sampletext}
365
366This sample demonstrates four features: firstly the use and many variants of
367the \helpref{wxTextCtrl}{wxtextctrl} class (single line, multi line, read only,
368password, ignoring TAB, ignoring ENTER).
369
370Secondly it shows how to intercept a \helpref{wxKeyEvent}{wxkeyevent} in both
d17f05af 371the raw form using the {\tt EVT\_KEY\_UP} and {\tt EVT\_KEY\_DOWN} macros and the
f6bcfd97 372higher level from using the {\tt EVT\_CHAR} macro. All characters will be logged
238ddd26 373in a log window at the bottom of the main window. By pressing some of the function
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374keys, you can test some actions in the text ctrl as well as get statistics on the
375text ctrls, which is useful for testing if these stastitics actually are correct.
238ddd26 376
528e0faf 377Thirdly, on platforms which support it, the sample will offer to copy text to the
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378\helpref{wxClipboard}{wxclipboard} and to paste text from it. The GTK version will
379use the so called PRIMARY SELECTION, which is the pseudo clipboard under X and
380best known from pasting text to the XTerm program.
381
382Last not least: some of the text controls have tooltips and the sample also shows
383how tooltips can be centrally disabled and their latency controlled.
384
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385\subsection{Thread sample}\label{samplethread}
386
387This sample demonstrates the use of threads in connection with GUI programs.
388There are two fundamentally different ways to use threads in GUI programs and
389either way has to take care of the fact that the GUI library itself usually
390is not multi-threading safe, i.e. that it might crash if two threads try to
391access the GUI class simultaneously. One way to prevent that is have a normal
392GUI program in the main thread and some worker threads which work in the
393background. In order to make communication between the main thread and the
528e0faf 394worker threads possible, wxWindows offers the \helpref{wxPostEvent}{wxpostevent}
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395function and this sample makes use of this function.
396
528e0faf 397The other way to use a so called Mutex (such as those offered in the \helpref{wxMutex}{wxmutex}
c88275cb 398class) that prevent threads from accessing the GUI classes as long as any other
528e0faf 399thread accesses them. For this, wxWindows has the \helpref{wxMutexGuiEnter}{wxmutexguienter}
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400and \helpref{wxMutexGuiLeave}{wxmutexguileave} functions, both of which are
401used and tested in the sample as well.
402
403See also \helpref{Multithreading overview}{wxthreadoverview} and \helpref{wxThread}{wxthread}.
404
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405\subsection{Toolbar sample}\label{sampletoolbar}
406
407The toolbar sample shows the \helpref{wxToolBar}{wxtoolbar} class in action.
408
409The following things are demonstrated:
410
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411\begin{itemize}\itemsep=0pt
412\item Creating the toolbar using \helpref{wxToolBar::AddTool}{wxtoolbaraddtool}
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413and \helpref{wxToolBar::AddControl}{wxtoolbaraddcontrol}: see
414MyApp::InitToolbar in the sample.
5ef2e633 415\item Using {\tt EVT\_UPDATE\_UI} handler for automatically enabling/disabling
f6bcfd97 416toolbar buttons without having to explicitly call EnableTool. This is done
5ef2e633 417in MyFrame::OnUpdateCopyAndCut.
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418\item Using \helpref{wxToolBar::DeleteTool}{wxtoolbardeletetool} and
419\helpref{wxToolBar::InsertTool}{wxtoolbarinserttool} to dynamically update the
420toolbar.
5ef2e633 421\end{itemize}
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422
423\subsection{Treectrl sample}\label{sampletreectrl}
424
425This sample demonstrates using \helpref{wxTreeCtrl}{wxtreectrl} class. Here
426you may see how to process various notification messages sent by this control
427and also when they occur (by looking at the messages in the text control in
428the bottom part of the frame).
429
430Adding, inserting and deleting items and branches from the tree as well as
431sorting (in default alphabetical order as well as in custom one) is
432demonstrated here as well - try the corresponding menu entries.
ecf527c0 433
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434\subsection{Wizard sample}\label{samplewizard}
435
436This sample shows so-called wizard dialog (implemented using
437\helpref{wxWizard}{wxwizard} and related classes). It shows almost all
438features supported:
439
440\begin{itemize}\itemsep=0pt
441\item Using bitmaps with the wizard and changing them depending on the page
442shown (notice that wxValidationPage in the sample has a different image from
443the other ones)
444\item Using \helpref{TransferDataFromWindow}{wxwindowtransferdatafromwindow}
445to verify that the data entered is correct before passing to the next page
446(done in wxValidationPage which forces the user to check a checkbox before
447continuing).
448\item Using more elaborated techniques to allow returning to the previous
449page, but not continuing to the next one or vice versa (in wxRadioboxPage)
450\item This (wxRadioboxPage) page also shows how the page may process {\tt
451Cancel} button itself instead of relying on the wizard parent to do it.
452\item Normally, the order of the pages in the wizard is known at compile-time,
453but sometimes it depends on the user choices: wxCheckboxPage shows how to
454dynamically decide which page to display next (see also
455\helpref{wxWizardPage}{wxwizardpage})
456\end{itemize}
457