X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/e80b023db80a11fddc658b31598a483dfce6130d..652ec1babf02f2a94e408314964f2ce7d51640a9:/Library.mm

diff --git a/Library.mm b/Library.mm
index 2c22bb1..1b4a198 100644
--- a/Library.mm
+++ b/Library.mm
@@ -96,6 +96,115 @@
     } \
 }
 
+void CYThrow(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value);
+
+/* JavaScript Properties {{{ */
+JSValueRef CYGetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t index) {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex(context, object, index, &exception));
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    return value;
+}
+
+JSValueRef CYGetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef name) {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetProperty(context, object, name, &exception));
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    return value;
+}
+
+void CYSetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t index, JSValueRef value) {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSObjectSetPropertyAtIndex(context, object, index, value, &exception);
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+}
+
+void CYSetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef name, JSValueRef value) {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSObjectSetProperty(context, object, name, value, kJSPropertyAttributeNone, &exception);
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+}
+/* }}} */
+/* JavaScript Strings {{{ */
+JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(id value) {
+    // XXX: this definition scares me; is anyone using this?!
+    return value == NULL ? NULL : JSStringCreateWithCFString(reinterpret_cast<CFStringRef>([value description]));
+}
+
+JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(const char *value) {
+    return value == NULL ? NULL : JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString(value);
+}
+
+JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSStringRef value) {
+    return value == NULL ? NULL : JSStringRetain(value);
+}
+
+JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    if (JSValueIsNull(context, value))
+        return NULL;
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSStringRef string(JSValueToStringCopy(context, value, &exception));
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    return string;
+}
+
+class CYJSString {
+  private:
+    JSStringRef string_;
+
+    void Clear_() {
+        if (string_ != NULL)
+            JSStringRelease(string_);
+    }
+
+  public:
+    CYJSString(const CYJSString &rhs) :
+        string_(CYCopyJSString(rhs.string_))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <typename Arg0_>
+    CYJSString(Arg0_ arg0) :
+        string_(CYCopyJSString(arg0))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <typename Arg0_, typename Arg1_>
+    CYJSString(Arg0_ arg0, Arg1_ arg1) :
+        string_(CYCopyJSString(arg0, arg1))
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYJSString &operator =(const CYJSString &rhs) {
+        Clear_();
+        string_ = CYCopyJSString(rhs.string_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ~CYJSString() {
+        Clear_();
+    }
+
+    void Clear() {
+        Clear_();
+        string_ = NULL;
+    }
+
+    operator JSStringRef() const {
+        return string_;
+    }
+};
+
+CFStringRef CYCopyCFString(JSStringRef value) {
+    return JSStringCopyCFString(kCFAllocatorDefault, value);
+}
+
+CFStringRef CYCopyCFString(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    return CYCopyCFString(CYJSString(context, value));
+}
+
+/* }}} */
+
 static JSGlobalContextRef Context_;
 static JSObjectRef System_;
 static JSObjectRef ObjectiveC_;
@@ -103,6 +212,9 @@ static JSObjectRef ObjectiveC_;
 static JSClassRef Functor_;
 static JSClassRef Instance_;
 static JSClassRef Internal_;
+static JSClassRef Message_;
+static JSClassRef Messages_;
+static JSClassRef NSArrayPrototype_;
 static JSClassRef Pointer_;
 static JSClassRef Runtime_;
 static JSClassRef Selector_;
@@ -116,17 +228,29 @@ static JSClassRef ObjectiveC_Protocols_;
 
 static JSObjectRef Array_;
 static JSObjectRef Function_;
+static JSObjectRef String_;
 
 static JSStringRef Result_;
 
 static JSStringRef length_;
 static JSStringRef message_;
 static JSStringRef name_;
+static JSStringRef prototype_;
 static JSStringRef toCYON_;
 static JSStringRef toJSON_;
 
+static JSObjectRef Instance_prototype_;
+static JSObjectRef Object_prototype_;
+
+static JSObjectRef Array_prototype_;
+static JSObjectRef Array_pop_;
+static JSObjectRef Array_push_;
+static JSObjectRef Array_splice_;
+
+static Class NSArray_;
 static Class NSCFBoolean_;
 static Class NSCFType_;
+static Class NSDictionary_;
 static Class NSMessageBuilder_;
 static Class NSZombie_;
 static Class Object_;
@@ -177,6 +301,37 @@ struct Selector_privateData :
     virtual Type_privateData *GetType() const;
 };
 
+// XXX: trick this out with associated objects!
+JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, id self) {
+    if (self == nil)
+        return Instance_prototype_;
+
+    // XXX: I need to think through multi-context
+    typedef std::map<Class, JSValueRef> CacheMap;
+    static CacheMap cache_;
+
+    JSValueRef &value(cache_[self]);
+    if (value != NULL)
+        return value;
+
+    JSClassRef _class(NULL);
+    JSValueRef prototype;
+
+    if (self == NSArray_)
+        prototype = Array_prototype_;
+    else if (self == NSDictionary_)
+        prototype = Object_prototype_;
+    else
+        prototype = CYGetClassPrototype(context, class_getSuperclass(self));
+
+    JSObjectRef object(JSObjectMake(context, _class, NULL));
+    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, object, prototype);
+
+    JSValueProtect(context, object);
+    value = object;
+    return object;
+}
+
 struct Instance :
     CYValue
 {
@@ -200,8 +355,10 @@ struct Instance :
             [GetValue() performSelector:@selector(release) withObject:nil afterDelay:0];
     }
 
-    static JSObjectRef Make(JSContextRef context, id object, Flags flags) {
-        return JSObjectMake(context, Instance_, new Instance(object, flags));
+    static JSObjectRef Make(JSContextRef context, id object, Flags flags = None) {
+        JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, Instance_, new Instance(object, flags)));
+        JSObjectSetPrototype(context, value, CYGetClassPrototype(context, object == nil ? nil : object_getClass(object)));
+        return value;
     }
 
     id GetValue() const {
@@ -215,19 +372,65 @@ struct Instance :
     virtual Type_privateData *GetType() const;
 };
 
-struct Internal :
+struct Messages :
+    CYValue
+{
+    Messages(Class value) :
+        CYValue(value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    static JSObjectRef Make(JSContextRef context, Class _class, bool array = false) {
+        JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, Messages_, new Messages(_class)));
+        if (_class == NSArray_)
+            array = true;
+        if (Class super = class_getSuperclass(_class))
+            JSObjectSetPrototype(context, value, Messages::Make(context, super, array));
+        /*else if (array)
+            JSObjectSetPrototype(context, value, Array_prototype_);*/
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    Class GetValue() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<Class>(value_);
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYOwned :
     CYValue
 {
+  private:
+    JSContextRef context_;
     JSObjectRef owner_;
 
-    Internal(id value, JSObjectRef owner) :
+  public:
+    CYOwned(void *value, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef owner) :
         CYValue(value),
+        context_(context),
         owner_(owner)
+    {
+        JSValueProtect(context_, owner_);
+    }
+
+    virtual ~CYOwned() {
+        JSValueUnprotect(context_, owner_);
+    }
+
+    JSObjectRef GetOwner() const {
+        return owner_;
+    }
+};
+
+struct Internal :
+    CYOwned
+{
+    Internal(id value, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef owner) :
+        CYOwned(value, context, owner)
     {
     }
 
     static JSObjectRef Make(JSContextRef context, id object, JSObjectRef owner) {
-        return JSObjectMake(context, Internal_, new Internal(object, owner));
+        return JSObjectMake(context, Internal_, new Internal(object, context, owner));
     }
 
     id GetValue() const {
@@ -400,27 +603,24 @@ Type_privateData *Selector_privateData::GetType() const {
 }
 
 struct Pointer :
-    CYValue
+    CYOwned
 {
-    JSObjectRef owner_;
     Type_privateData *type_;
 
-    Pointer(void *value, sig::Type *type, JSObjectRef owner) :
-        CYValue(value),
-        owner_(owner),
+    Pointer(void *value, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef owner, sig::Type *type) :
+        CYOwned(value, context, owner),
         type_(new(pool_) Type_privateData(type))
     {
     }
 };
 
 struct Struct_privateData :
-    CYValue
+    CYOwned
 {
-    JSObjectRef owner_;
     Type_privateData *type_;
 
-    Struct_privateData(JSObjectRef owner) :
-        owner_(owner)
+    Struct_privateData(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef owner) :
+        CYOwned(NULL, context, owner)
     {
     }
 };
@@ -429,7 +629,7 @@ typedef std::map<const char *, Type_privateData *, CStringMapLess> TypeMap;
 static TypeMap Types_;
 
 JSObjectRef CYMakeStruct(JSContextRef context, void *data, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, JSObjectRef owner) {
-    Struct_privateData *internal(new Struct_privateData(owner));
+    Struct_privateData *internal(new Struct_privateData(context, owner));
     apr_pool_t *pool(internal->pool_);
     Type_privateData *typical(new(pool) Type_privateData(type, ffi));
     internal->type_ = typical;
@@ -452,22 +652,46 @@ struct Functor_privateData :
     sig::Signature signature_;
     ffi_cif cif_;
 
+
     Functor_privateData(const char *type, void (*value)()) :
         CYValue(reinterpret_cast<void *>(value))
     {
         sig::Parse(pool_, &signature_, type, &Structor_);
         sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool_, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature_, &cif_);
     }
+
+    void (*GetValue())() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(value_);
+    }
 };
 
-struct ffoData :
+struct Closure_privateData :
     Functor_privateData
 {
     JSContextRef context_;
     JSObjectRef function_;
 
-    ffoData(const char *type) :
-        Functor_privateData(type, NULL)
+    Closure_privateData(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, const char *type) :
+        Functor_privateData(type, NULL),
+        context_(context),
+        function_(function)
+    {
+        JSValueProtect(context_, function_);
+    }
+
+    virtual ~Closure_privateData() {
+        JSValueUnprotect(context_, function_);
+    }
+};
+
+struct Message_privateData :
+    Functor_privateData
+{
+    SEL sel_;
+
+    Message_privateData(SEL sel, const char *type, IMP value = NULL) :
+        Functor_privateData(type, reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(value)),
+        sel_(sel)
     {
     }
 };
@@ -521,7 +745,29 @@ JSValueRef CYJSUndefined(JSContextRef context) {
     return JSValueMakeUndefined(context);
 }
 
-bool CYGetIndex(const char *value, ssize_t &index) {
+size_t CYGetIndex(const char *value) {
+    if (value[0] != '0') {
+        char *end;
+        size_t index(strtoul(value, &end, 10));
+        if (value + strlen(value) == end)
+            return index;
+    } else if (value[1] == '\0')
+        return 0;
+    return _not(size_t);
+}
+
+// XXX: fix this
+static const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value);
+
+size_t CYGetIndex(apr_pool_t *pool, NSString *value) {
+    return CYGetIndex(CYPoolCString(pool, value));
+}
+
+size_t CYGetIndex(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value) {
+    return CYGetIndex(CYPoolCString(pool, value));
+}
+
+bool CYGetOffset(const char *value, ssize_t &index) {
     if (value[0] != '0') {
         char *end;
         index = strtol(value, &end, 10);
@@ -535,8 +781,8 @@ bool CYGetIndex(const char *value, ssize_t &index) {
     return false;
 }
 
-bool CYGetIndex(apr_pool_t *pool, NSString *value, ssize_t &index) {
-    return CYGetIndex(CYPoolCString(pool, value), index);
+bool CYGetOffset(apr_pool_t *pool, NSString *value, ssize_t &index) {
+    return CYGetOffset(CYPoolCString(pool, value), index);
 }
 
 NSString *CYPoolNSCYON(apr_pool_t *pool, id value);
@@ -655,66 +901,167 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
 
 };
 
-@implementation NSProxy (Cycript)
-
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
-    return [self description];
+NSString *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
+    return [(NSString *) CFCopyDescription((CFTypeRef) self) autorelease];
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    return [[self cy$toJSON:@""] cy$toCYON];
-}
+/* Bridge: NSArray {{{ */
+@implementation NSArray (Cycript)
 
-@end
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
+    NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
+    [json appendString:@"["];
 
-@implementation NSObject (Cycript)
+    bool comma(false);
+    for (id object in self) {
+        if (comma)
+            [json appendString:@","];
+        else
+            comma = true;
+        if (object == nil || [object cy$JSType] != kJSTypeUndefined)
+            [json appendString:CYPoolNSCYON(NULL, object)];
+        else {
+            [json appendString:@","];
+            comma = false;
+        }
+    }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
-    return CYMakeInstance(context, self, false);
+    [json appendString:@"]"];
+    return json;
 }
 
-- (JSType) cy$JSType {
-    return kJSTypeObject;
+- (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name {
+    if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"])
+        return true;
+
+    size_t index(CYGetIndex(NULL, name));
+    if (index == _not(size_t) || index >= [self count])
+        return [super cy$hasProperty:name];
+    else
+        return true;
 }
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
-    return [self description];
+- (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name {
+    if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"])
+        return [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInteger:[self count]];
+
+    size_t index(CYGetIndex(NULL, name));
+    if (index == _not(size_t) || index >= [self count])
+        return [super cy$getProperty:name];
+    else
+        return [self objectAtIndex:index];
 }
 
+@end
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSDictionary {{{ */
+@implementation NSDictionary (Cycript)
+
 - (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    return [[self cy$toJSON:@""] cy$toCYON];
-}
+    NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
+    [json appendString:@"{"];
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toKey {
-    return [self cy$toCYON];
+    bool comma(false);
+    for (id key in self) {
+        if (comma)
+            [json appendString:@","];
+        else
+            comma = true;
+        [json appendString:[key cy$toKey]];
+        [json appendString:@":"];
+        NSObject *object([self objectForKey:key]);
+        [json appendString:CYPoolNSCYON(NULL, object)];
+    }
+
+    [json appendString:@"}"];
+    return json;
 }
 
 - (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    return false;
+    return [self objectForKey:name] != nil;
 }
 
 - (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    return nil;
+    return [self objectForKey:name];
 }
 
-- (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value {
-    return false;
-}
+@end
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSMutableArray {{{ */
+@implementation NSMutableArray (Cycript)
+
+- (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value {
+    if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"]) {
+        // XXX: is this not intelligent?
+        NSUInteger size([(NSNumber *)value unsignedIntegerValue]);
+        NSUInteger count([self count]);
+        if (size < count)
+            [self removeObjectsInRange:NSMakeRange(size, count - size)];
+        else if (size != count) {
+            WebUndefined *undefined([WebUndefined undefined]);
+            for (size_t i(count); i != size; ++i)
+                [self addObject:undefined];
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    size_t index(CYGetIndex(NULL, name));
+    if (index == _not(size_t))
+        return [super cy$setProperty:name to:value];
+
+    id object(value ?: [NSNull null]);
+
+    size_t count([self count]);
+    if (index < count)
+        [self replaceObjectAtIndex:index withObject:object];
+    else {
+        if (index != count) {
+            WebUndefined *undefined([WebUndefined undefined]);
+            for (size_t i(count); i != index; ++i)
+                [self addObject:undefined];
+        }
+
+        [self addObject:object];
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
 
 - (bool) cy$deleteProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    return false;
+    size_t index(CYGetIndex(NULL, name));
+    if (index == _not(size_t) || index >= [self count])
+        return [super cy$deleteProperty:name];
+    [self replaceObjectAtIndex:index withObject:[WebUndefined undefined]];
+    return true;
 }
 
 @end
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSMutableDictionary {{{ */
+@implementation NSMutableDictionary (Cycript)
 
-NSString *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
-    return [(NSString *) CFCopyDescription((CFTypeRef) self) autorelease];
+- (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value {
+    [self setObject:(value ?: [NSNull null]) forKey:name];
+    return true;
 }
 
-@implementation WebUndefined (Cycript)
+- (bool) cy$deleteProperty:(NSString *)name {
+    if ([self objectForKey:name] == nil)
+        return false;
+    else {
+        [self removeObjectForKey:name];
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+@end
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSNumber {{{ */
+@implementation NSNumber (Cycript)
 
 - (JSType) cy$JSType {
-    return kJSTypeUndefined;
+    // XXX: this just seems stupid
+    return [self class] == NSCFBoolean_ ? kJSTypeBoolean : kJSTypeNumber;
 }
 
 - (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
@@ -722,15 +1069,16 @@ NSString *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
 }
 
 - (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    return @"undefined";
+    return [self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? [self stringValue] : [self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false";
 }
 
 - (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
-    return CYJSUndefined(context);
+    return [self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? CYCastJSValue(context, [self doubleValue]) : CYCastJSValue(context, [self boolValue]);
 }
 
 @end
-
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSNull {{{ */
 @implementation NSNull (Cycript)
 
 - (JSType) cy$JSType {
@@ -746,150 +1094,62 @@ NSString *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
 }
 
 @end
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSObject {{{ */
+@implementation NSObject (Cycript)
 
-@implementation NSArray (Cycript)
-
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
-    [json appendString:@"["];
-
-    bool comma(false);
-    for (id object in self) {
-        if (comma)
-            [json appendString:@","];
-        else
-            comma = true;
-        if (object == nil || [object cy$JSType] != kJSTypeUndefined)
-            [json appendString:CYPoolNSCYON(NULL, object)];
-        else {
-            [json appendString:@","];
-            comma = false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    [json appendString:@"]"];
-    return json;
-}
-
-- (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"])
-        return true;
-
-    ssize_t index;
-    if (!CYGetIndex(NULL, name, index) || index < 0 || index >= static_cast<ssize_t>([self count]))
-        return [super cy$hasProperty:name];
-    else
-        return true;
-}
-
-- (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"])
-        return [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInteger:[self count]];
-
-    ssize_t index;
-    if (!CYGetIndex(NULL, name, index) || index < 0 || index >= static_cast<ssize_t>([self count]))
-        return [super cy$getProperty:name];
-    else
-        return [self objectAtIndex:index];
+- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+    return CYMakeInstance(context, self, false);
 }
 
-@end
-
-@implementation NSMutableArray (Cycript)
-
-- (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value {
-    ssize_t index;
-    if (!CYGetIndex(NULL, name, index) || index < 0 || index >= static_cast<ssize_t>([self count]))
-        return [super cy$setProperty:name to:value];
-    else {
-        [self replaceObjectAtIndex:index withObject:(value ?: [NSNull null])];
-        return true;
-    }
+- (JSType) cy$JSType {
+    return kJSTypeObject;
 }
 
-- (bool) cy$deleteProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    ssize_t index;
-    if (!CYGetIndex(NULL, name, index) || index < 0 || index >= static_cast<ssize_t>([self count]))
-        return [super cy$deleteProperty:name];
-    else {
-        [self removeObjectAtIndex:index];
-        return true;
-    }
+- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
+    return [self description];
 }
 
-@end
-
-@implementation NSDictionary (Cycript)
-
 - (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
-    [json appendString:@"{"];
-
-    bool comma(false);
-    for (id key in self) {
-        if (comma)
-            [json appendString:@","];
-        else
-            comma = true;
-        [json appendString:[key cy$toKey]];
-        [json appendString:@":"];
-        NSObject *object([self objectForKey:key]);
-        [json appendString:CYPoolNSCYON(NULL, object)];
-    }
+    return [[self cy$toJSON:@""] cy$toCYON];
+}
 
-    [json appendString:@"}"];
-    return json;
+- (NSString *) cy$toKey {
+    return [self cy$toCYON];
 }
 
 - (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    return [self objectForKey:name] != nil;
+    return false;
 }
 
 - (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    return [self objectForKey:name];
+    return nil;
 }
 
-@end
-
-@implementation NSMutableDictionary (Cycript)
-
 - (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value {
-    [self setObject:(value ?: [NSNull null]) forKey:name];
-    return true;
+    return false;
 }
 
 - (bool) cy$deleteProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    if ([self objectForKey:name] == nil)
-        return false;
-    else {
-        [self removeObjectForKey:name];
-        return true;
-    }
+    return false;
 }
 
 @end
-
-@implementation NSNumber (Cycript)
-
-- (JSType) cy$JSType {
-    // XXX: this just seems stupid
-    return [self class] == NSCFBoolean_ ? kJSTypeBoolean : kJSTypeNumber;
-}
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSProxy {{{ */
+@implementation NSProxy (Cycript)
 
 - (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
-    return self;
+    return [self description];
 }
 
 - (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    return [self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? [self stringValue] : [self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false";
-}
-
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
-    return [self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? CYCastJSValue(context, [self doubleValue]) : CYCastJSValue(context, [self boolValue]);
+    return [[self cy$toJSON:@""] cy$toCYON];
 }
 
 @end
-
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSString {{{ */
 @implementation NSString (Cycript)
 
 - (JSType) cy$JSType {
@@ -924,8 +1184,8 @@ NSString *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
         goto cyon;
 
     if (DigitRange_[value[0]]) {
-        ssize_t index;
-        if (!CYGetIndex(NULL, self, index) || index < 0)
+        size_t index(CYGetIndex(NULL, self));
+        if (index == _not(size_t))
             goto cyon;
     } else {
         if (!WordStartRange_[value[0]])
@@ -947,8 +1207,30 @@ NSString *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
 }
 
 @end
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: WebUndefined {{{ */
+@implementation WebUndefined (Cycript)
+
+- (JSType) cy$JSType {
+    return kJSTypeUndefined;
+}
+
+- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
+    return self;
+}
+
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
+    return @"undefined";
+}
 
-@interface CYJSObject : NSDictionary {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+    return CYJSUndefined(context);
+}
+
+@end
+/* }}} */
+
+@interface CYJSObject : NSMutableDictionary {
     JSObjectRef object_;
     JSContextRef context_;
 }
@@ -965,7 +1247,7 @@ NSString *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
 
 @end
 
-@interface CYJSArray : NSArray {
+@interface CYJSArray : NSMutableArray {
     JSObjectRef object_;
     JSContextRef context_;
 }
@@ -975,6 +1257,12 @@ NSString *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
 - (NSUInteger) count;
 - (id) objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
 
+- (void) addObject:(id)anObject;
+- (void) insertObject:(id)anObject atIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+- (void) removeLastObject;
+- (void) removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index;
+- (void) replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)anObject;
+
 @end
 
 CYRange DigitRange_    (0x3ff000000000000LLU, 0x000000000000000LLU); // 0-9
@@ -989,8 +1277,6 @@ CYRange WordEndRange_  (0x3ff001000000000LLU, 0x7fffffe87fffffeLLU); // A-Za-z_$
         return NULL; \
     }
 
-void CYThrow(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value);
-
 apr_status_t CYPoolRelease_(void *data) {
     id object(reinterpret_cast<id>(data));
     [object release];
@@ -1024,85 +1310,9 @@ id CYCastNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
     if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, Instance_))
         return CYCastNSObject_(pool, context, object);
     else {
-        Instance *data(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-        return data->GetValue();
-    }
-}
-
-JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(id value) {
-    return value == NULL ? NULL : JSStringCreateWithCFString(reinterpret_cast<CFStringRef>([value description]));
-}
-
-JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(const char *value) {
-    return value == NULL ? NULL : JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString(value);
-}
-
-JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSStringRef value) {
-    return value == NULL ? NULL : JSStringRetain(value);
-}
-
-JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    if (JSValueIsNull(context, value))
-        return NULL;
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSStringRef string(JSValueToStringCopy(context, value, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return string;
-}
-
-class CYJSString {
-  private:
-    JSStringRef string_;
-
-    void Clear_() {
-        if (string_ != NULL)
-            JSStringRelease(string_);
-    }
-
-  public:
-    CYJSString(const CYJSString &rhs) :
-        string_(CYCopyJSString(rhs.string_))
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <typename Arg0_>
-    CYJSString(Arg0_ arg0) :
-        string_(CYCopyJSString(arg0))
-    {
-    }
-
-    template <typename Arg0_, typename Arg1_>
-    CYJSString(Arg0_ arg0, Arg1_ arg1) :
-        string_(CYCopyJSString(arg0, arg1))
-    {
-    }
-
-    CYJSString &operator =(const CYJSString &rhs) {
-        Clear_();
-        string_ = CYCopyJSString(rhs.string_);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    ~CYJSString() {
-        Clear_();
-    }
-
-    void Clear() {
-        Clear_();
-        string_ = NULL;
-    }
-
-    operator JSStringRef() const {
-        return string_;
+        Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+        return internal->GetValue();
     }
-};
-
-CFStringRef CYCopyCFString(JSStringRef value) {
-    return JSStringCopyCFString(kCFAllocatorDefault, value);
-}
-
-CFStringRef CYCopyCFString(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    return CYCopyCFString(CYJSString(context, value));
 }
 
 double CYCastDouble(const char *value, size_t size) {
@@ -1248,26 +1458,6 @@ JSObjectRef CYCastJSObject(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return object;
 }
 
-JSValueRef CYGetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t index) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex(context, object, index, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return value;
-}
-
-JSValueRef CYGetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef name) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetProperty(context, object, name, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return value;
-}
-
-void CYSetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef name, JSValueRef value) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectSetProperty(context, object, name, value, kJSPropertyAttributeNone, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-}
-
 void CYThrow(JSContextRef context, id error, JSValueRef *exception) {
     if (exception == NULL)
         throw error;
@@ -1292,9 +1482,15 @@ bool CYIsCallable(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
         object_ = object;
         context_ = context;
+        JSValueProtect(context_, object_);
     } return self;
 }
 
+- (void) dealloc {
+    JSValueUnprotect(context_, object_);
+    [super dealloc];
+}
+
 - (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
     JSValueRef toJSON(CYGetProperty(context_, object_, toJSON_));
     if (!CYIsCallable(context_, toJSON))
@@ -1309,12 +1505,11 @@ bool CYIsCallable(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 
 - (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
     JSValueRef toCYON(CYGetProperty(context_, object_, toCYON_));
-    if (!CYIsCallable(context_, toCYON))
+    if (!CYIsCallable(context_, toCYON)) super:
         return [super cy$toCYON];
-    else {
-        JSValueRef value(CYCallAsFunction(context_, (JSObjectRef) toCYON, object_, 0, NULL));
+    else if (JSValueRef value = CYCallAsFunction(context_, (JSObjectRef) toCYON, object_, 0, NULL))
         return CYCastNSString(NULL, CYJSString(context_, value));
-    }
+    else goto super;
 }
 
 - (NSUInteger) count {
@@ -1325,7 +1520,10 @@ bool CYIsCallable(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 }
 
 - (id) objectForKey:(id)key {
-    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, CYGetProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(key))) ?: [NSNull null];
+    JSValueRef value(CYGetProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(key)));
+    if (JSValueIsUndefined(context_, value))
+        return nil;
+    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, value) ?: [NSNull null];
 }
 
 - (NSEnumerator *) keyEnumerator {
@@ -1353,20 +1551,75 @@ bool CYIsCallable(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
         object_ = object;
         context_ = context;
+        JSValueProtect(context_, object_);
     } return self;
 }
 
+- (void) dealloc {
+    JSValueUnprotect(context_, object_);
+    [super dealloc];
+}
+
 - (NSUInteger) count {
     return CYCastDouble(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, object_, length_));
 }
 
 - (id) objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+    size_t bounds([self count]);
+    if (index >= bounds)
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray objectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex(context_, object_, index, &exception));
     CYThrow(context_, exception);
     return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, value) ?: [NSNull null];
 }
 
+- (void) addObject:(id)object {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSValueRef arguments[1];
+    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context_, object);
+    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, Array_push_, object_, 1, arguments, &exception);
+    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+}
+
+- (void) insertObject:(id)object atIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+    size_t bounds([self count] + 1);
+    if (index >= bounds)
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray insertObject:atIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSValueRef arguments[3];
+    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context_, index);
+    arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context_, 0);
+    arguments[2] = CYCastJSValue(context_, object);
+    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, Array_splice_, object_, 3, arguments, &exception);
+    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+}
+
+- (void) removeLastObject {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, Array_pop_, object_, 0, NULL, &exception);
+    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+}
+
+- (void) removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
+    size_t bounds([self count]);
+    if (index >= bounds)
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray removeObjectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSValueRef arguments[2];
+    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context_, index);
+    arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context_, 1);
+    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, Array_splice_, object_, 2, arguments, &exception);
+    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+}
+
+- (void) replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)object {
+    size_t bounds([self count]);
+    if (index >= bounds)
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray replaceObjectAtIndex:withObject:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
+    CYSetProperty(context_, object_, index, CYCastJSValue(context_, object));
+}
+
 @end
 
 NSString *CYCopyNSCYON(id value) {
@@ -1484,23 +1737,24 @@ struct CYInternal :
     }
 };
 
-JSObjectRef CYMakeSelector(JSContextRef context, SEL sel) {
-    Selector_privateData *data(new Selector_privateData(sel));
-    return JSObjectMake(context, Selector_, data);
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeSelector(JSContextRef context, SEL sel) {
+    Selector_privateData *internal(new Selector_privateData(sel));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Selector_, internal);
 }
 
-JSObjectRef CYMakePointer(JSContextRef context, void *pointer, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, JSObjectRef owner) {
-    Pointer *data(new Pointer(pointer, type, owner));
-    return JSObjectMake(context, Pointer_, data);
+static JSObjectRef CYMakePointer(JSContextRef context, void *pointer, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, JSObjectRef owner) {
+    Pointer *internal(new Pointer(pointer, context, owner, type));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Pointer_, internal);
 }
 
-JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, void (*function)(), const char *type) {
-    Functor_privateData *data(new Functor_privateData(type, function));
-    return JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, data);
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, void (*function)(), const char *type) {
+    Functor_privateData *internal(new Functor_privateData(type, function));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, internal);
 }
 
-const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value) {
+static const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value) {
     if (pool == NULL) {
+        // XXX: this could be much more efficient
         const char *string([CYCastNSString(NULL, value) UTF8String]);
         return string;
     } else {
@@ -1511,12 +1765,12 @@ const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value) {
     }
 }
 
-const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+static const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return JSValueIsNull(context, value) ? NULL : CYPoolCString(pool, CYJSString(context, value));
 }
 
-bool CYGetIndex(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value, ssize_t &index) {
-    return CYGetIndex(CYPoolCString(pool, value), index);
+static bool CYGetOffset(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value, ssize_t &index) {
+    return CYGetOffset(CYPoolCString(pool, value), index);
 }
 
 // XXX: this macro is unhygenic
@@ -1534,7 +1788,7 @@ bool CYGetIndex(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value, ssize_t &index) {
     utf8; \
 })
 
-void *CYCastPointer_(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+static void *CYCastPointer_(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     switch (JSValueGetType(context, value)) {
         case kJSTypeNull:
             return NULL;
@@ -1542,8 +1796,8 @@ void *CYCastPointer_(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
             return dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, CYCastCString(context, value));
         case kJSTypeObject:
             if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Pointer_)) {
-                Pointer *data(reinterpret_cast<Pointer *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
-                return data->value_;
+                Pointer *internal(reinterpret_cast<Pointer *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
+                return internal->value_;
             }*/
         default:
             double number(CYCastDouble(context, value));
@@ -1554,19 +1808,19 @@ void *CYCastPointer_(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 }
 
 template <typename Type_>
-_finline Type_ CYCastPointer(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+static _finline Type_ CYCastPointer(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return reinterpret_cast<Type_>(CYCastPointer_(context, value));
 }
 
-SEL CYCastSEL(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+static SEL CYCastSEL(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Selector_)) {
-        Selector_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
-        return reinterpret_cast<SEL>(data->value_);
+        Selector_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
+        return reinterpret_cast<SEL>(internal->value_);
     } else
         return CYCastPointer<SEL>(context, value);
 }
 
-void CYPoolFFI(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) {
+static void CYPoolFFI(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) {
     switch (type->primitive) {
         case sig::boolean_P:
             *reinterpret_cast<bool *>(data) = JSValueToBoolean(context, value);
@@ -1644,7 +1898,7 @@ void CYPoolFFI(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type
     }
 }
 
-JSValueRef CYFromFFI(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, bool initialize = false, JSObjectRef owner = NULL) {
+static JSValueRef CYFromFFI(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, bool initialize = false, JSObjectRef owner = NULL) {
     JSValueRef value;
 
     switch (type->primitive) {
@@ -1652,77 +1906,267 @@ JSValueRef CYFromFFI(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void
             value = CYCastJSValue(context, *reinterpret_cast<bool *>(data));
         break;
 
-#define CYFromFFI_(primitive, native) \
-        case sig::primitive ## _P: \
-            value = CYCastJSValue(context, *reinterpret_cast<native *>(data)); \
-        break;
+#define CYFromFFI_(primitive, native) \
+        case sig::primitive ## _P: \
+            value = CYCastJSValue(context, *reinterpret_cast<native *>(data)); \
+        break;
+
+        CYFromFFI_(uchar, unsigned char)
+        CYFromFFI_(char, char)
+        CYFromFFI_(ushort, unsigned short)
+        CYFromFFI_(short, short)
+        CYFromFFI_(ulong, unsigned long)
+        CYFromFFI_(long, long)
+        CYFromFFI_(uint, unsigned int)
+        CYFromFFI_(int, int)
+        CYFromFFI_(ulonglong, unsigned long long)
+        CYFromFFI_(longlong, long long)
+        CYFromFFI_(float, float)
+        CYFromFFI_(double, double)
+
+        case sig::object_P: {
+            if (id object = *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data)) {
+                value = CYCastJSValue(context, object);
+                if (initialize)
+                    [object release];
+            } else goto null;
+        } break;
+
+        case sig::typename_P:
+            value = CYMakeInstance(context, *reinterpret_cast<Class *>(data), true);
+        break;
+
+        case sig::selector_P:
+            if (SEL sel = *reinterpret_cast<SEL *>(data))
+                value = CYMakeSelector(context, sel);
+            else goto null;
+        break;
+
+        case sig::pointer_P:
+            if (void *pointer = *reinterpret_cast<void **>(data))
+                value = CYMakePointer(context, pointer, type->data.data.type, ffi, owner);
+            else goto null;
+        break;
+
+        case sig::string_P:
+            if (char *utf8 = *reinterpret_cast<char **>(data))
+                value = CYCastJSValue(context, utf8);
+            else goto null;
+        break;
+
+        case sig::struct_P:
+            value = CYMakeStruct(context, data, type, ffi, owner);
+        break;
+
+        case sig::void_P:
+            value = CYJSUndefined(context);
+        break;
+
+        null:
+            value = CYJSNull(context);
+        break;
+
+        default:
+            NSLog(@"CYFromFFI(%c)\n", type->primitive);
+            _assert(false);
+    }
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+static bool CYImplements(id object, Class _class, SEL selector, bool devoid) {
+    if (Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, selector)) {
+        if (!devoid)
+            return true;
+        char type[16];
+        method_getReturnType(method, type, sizeof(type));
+        if (type[0] != 'v')
+            return true;
+    }
+
+    // XXX: possibly use a more "awesome" check?
+    return false;
+}
+
+static const char *CYPoolTypeEncoding(apr_pool_t *pool, Class _class, SEL sel, Method method) {
+    if (method != NULL)
+        return method_getTypeEncoding(method);
+    else if (NSString *type = [[Bridge_ objectAtIndex:1] objectForKey:CYCastNSString(pool, sel_getName(sel))])
+        return CYPoolCString(pool, type);
+    else
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+static void FunctionClosure_(ffi_cif *cif, void *result, void **arguments, void *arg) {
+    Closure_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Closure_privateData *>(arg));
+
+    JSContextRef context(internal->context_);
+
+    size_t count(internal->cif_.nargs);
+    JSValueRef values[count];
+
+    for (size_t index(0); index != count; ++index)
+        values[index] = CYFromFFI(context, internal->signature_.elements[1 + index].type, internal->cif_.arg_types[index], arguments[index]);
+
+    JSValueRef value(CYCallAsFunction(context, internal->function_, NULL, count, values));
+    CYPoolFFI(NULL, context, internal->signature_.elements[0].type, internal->cif_.rtype, result, value);
+}
+
+static void MessageClosure_(ffi_cif *cif, void *result, void **arguments, void *arg) {
+    Closure_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Closure_privateData *>(arg));
+
+    JSContextRef context(internal->context_);
+
+    size_t count(internal->cif_.nargs);
+    JSValueRef values[count];
+
+    for (size_t index(0); index != count; ++index)
+        values[index] = CYFromFFI(context, internal->signature_.elements[1 + index].type, internal->cif_.arg_types[index], arguments[index]);
+
+    JSObjectRef _this(CYCastJSObject(context, values[0]));
+
+    JSValueRef value(CYCallAsFunction(context, internal->function_, _this, count - 2, values + 2));
+    CYPoolFFI(NULL, context, internal->signature_.elements[0].type, internal->cif_.rtype, result, value);
+}
+
+static Closure_privateData *CYMakeFunctor_(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, const char *type, void (*callback)(ffi_cif *, void *, void **, void *)) {
+    // XXX: in case of exceptions this will leak
+    // XXX: in point of fact, this may /need/ to leak :(
+    Closure_privateData *internal(new Closure_privateData(CYGetJSContext(), function, type));
+
+    ffi_closure *closure((ffi_closure *) _syscall(mmap(
+        NULL, sizeof(ffi_closure),
+        PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE,
+        -1, 0
+    )));
+
+    ffi_status status(ffi_prep_closure(closure, &internal->cif_, callback, internal));
+    _assert(status == FFI_OK);
+
+    _syscall(mprotect(closure, sizeof(*closure), PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC));
+
+    internal->value_ = closure;
+
+    return internal;
+}
+
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, const char *type) {
+    Closure_privateData *internal(CYMakeFunctor_(context, function, type, &FunctionClosure_));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, internal);
+}
+
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, const char *type) {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    bool function(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor(context, value, Function_, &exception));
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+
+    if (function) {
+        JSObjectRef function(CYCastJSObject(context, value));
+        return CYMakeFunctor(context, function, type);
+    } else {
+        void (*function)()(CYCastPointer<void (*)()>(context, value));
+        return CYMakeFunctor(context, function, type);
+    }
+}
+
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeMessage(JSContextRef context, SEL sel, IMP imp, const char *type) {
+    Message_privateData *internal(new Message_privateData(sel, type, imp));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Message_, internal);
+}
+
+static IMP CYMakeMessage(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, const char *type) {
+    JSObjectRef function(CYCastJSObject(context, value));
+    Closure_privateData *internal(CYMakeFunctor_(context, function, type, &MessageClosure_));
+    return reinterpret_cast<IMP>(internal->GetValue());
+}
+
+static bool Messages_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
+    Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    Class _class(internal->GetValue());
+
+    CYPool pool;
+    const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, property));
+
+    if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(name))
+        if (class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel) != NULL)
+            return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Messages_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    Class _class(internal->GetValue());
+
+    CYPool pool;
+    const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, property));
+
+    if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(name))
+        if (Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel))
+            return CYMakeMessage(context, sel, method_getImplementation(method), method_getTypeEncoding(method));
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static bool Messages_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    Class _class(internal->GetValue());
 
-        CYFromFFI_(uchar, unsigned char)
-        CYFromFFI_(char, char)
-        CYFromFFI_(ushort, unsigned short)
-        CYFromFFI_(short, short)
-        CYFromFFI_(ulong, unsigned long)
-        CYFromFFI_(long, long)
-        CYFromFFI_(uint, unsigned int)
-        CYFromFFI_(int, int)
-        CYFromFFI_(ulonglong, unsigned long long)
-        CYFromFFI_(longlong, long long)
-        CYFromFFI_(float, float)
-        CYFromFFI_(double, double)
+    CYPool pool;
+    const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, property));
 
-        case sig::object_P: {
-            if (id object = *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data)) {
-                value = CYCastJSValue(context, object);
-                if (initialize)
-                    [object release];
-            } else goto null;
-        } break;
+    SEL sel(sel_registerName(name));
 
-        case sig::typename_P:
-            value = CYMakeInstance(context, *reinterpret_cast<Class *>(data), true);
-        break;
+    Method method(class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel));
 
-        case sig::selector_P:
-            if (SEL sel = *reinterpret_cast<SEL *>(data))
-                value = CYMakeSelector(context, sel);
-            else goto null;
-        break;
+    const char *type;
+    IMP imp;
 
-        case sig::pointer_P:
-            if (void *pointer = *reinterpret_cast<void **>(data))
-                value = CYMakePointer(context, pointer, type->data.data.type, ffi, owner);
-            else goto null;
-        break;
+    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Message_)) {
+        Message_privateData *message(reinterpret_cast<Message_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
+        type = sig::Unparse(pool, &message->signature_);
+        imp = reinterpret_cast<IMP>(message->GetValue());
+    } else {
+        type = CYPoolTypeEncoding(pool, _class, sel, method);
+        imp = CYMakeMessage(context, value, type);
+    }
 
-        case sig::string_P:
-            if (char *utf8 = *reinterpret_cast<char **>(data))
-                value = CYCastJSValue(context, utf8);
-            else goto null;
-        break;
+    if (method != NULL)
+        method_setImplementation(method, imp);
+    else
+        class_replaceMethod(_class, sel, imp, type);
 
-        case sig::struct_P:
-            value = CYMakeStruct(context, data, type, ffi, owner);
-        break;
+    return true;
+}
 
-        case sig::void_P:
-            value = CYJSUndefined(context);
-        break;
+#if !__OBJC2__
+static bool Messages_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    Class _class(internal->GetValue());
 
-        null:
-            value = CYJSNull(context);
-        break;
+    CYPool pool;
+    const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, property));
 
-        default:
-            NSLog(@"CYFromFFI(%c)\n", type->primitive);
-            _assert(false);
-    }
+    if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(name))
+        if (Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel)) {
+            objc_method_list list = {NULL, 1, {method}};
+            class_removeMethods(_class, &list);
+            return true;
+        }
 
-    return value;
+    return false;
 }
+#endif
 
-static bool CYImplements(id object, Class _class, SEL selector) {
-    // XXX: possibly use a more "awesome" check?
-    return class_getInstanceMethod(_class, selector) != NULL;
+static void Messages_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
+    Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    Class _class(internal->GetValue());
+
+    unsigned int size;
+    Method *data(class_copyMethodList(_class, &size));
+    for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
+        JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(sel_getName(method_getName(data[i]))));
+    free(data);
 }
 
 static bool Instance_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
@@ -1739,19 +2183,22 @@ static bool Instance_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
         if (internal->HasProperty(context, property))
             return true;
 
+    Class _class(object_getClass(self));
+
     CYPoolTry {
-        if ([self cy$hasProperty:name])
-            return true;
+        // XXX: this is an evil hack to deal with NSProxy; fix elsewhere
+        if (CYImplements(self, _class, @selector(cy$hasProperty:), false))
+            if ([self cy$hasProperty:name])
+                return true;
     } CYPoolCatch(false)
 
     const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, name));
-    Class _class(object_getClass(self));
 
     if (class_getProperty(_class, string) != NULL)
         return true;
 
     if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(string))
-        if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel))
+        if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel, true))
             return true;
 
     return false;
@@ -1787,7 +2234,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
         }
 
         if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(string))
-            if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel))
+            if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel, true))
                 return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, sel, 0, NULL, false, exception);
 
         return NULL;
@@ -1795,10 +2242,12 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
 }
 
 static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    id self(internal->GetValue());
+
     CYPool pool;
 
     CYTry {
-        id self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, object));
         NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, property));
         NSString *data(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, value));
 
@@ -1837,7 +2286,7 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
         set[length + 4] = '\0';
 
         if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(set))
-            if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel)) {
+            if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel, false)) {
                 JSValueRef arguments[1] = {value};
                 CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, sel, 1, arguments, false, exception);
             }
@@ -1852,9 +2301,11 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
 }
 
 static bool Instance_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    id self(internal->GetValue());
+
     CYTry {
         CYPoolTry {
-            id self(CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, object));
             NSString *name(CYCastNSString(NULL, property));
             return [self cy$deleteProperty:name];
         } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
@@ -1862,8 +2313,10 @@ static bool Instance_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JS
 }
 
 static void Instance_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    id self(internal->GetValue());
+
     CYPool pool;
-    NSString *self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, object));
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
 
     {
@@ -1877,12 +2330,34 @@ static void Instance_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
 
 static JSObjectRef Instance_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYTry {
-        Instance *data(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-        JSObjectRef value(Instance::Make(context, [data->GetValue() alloc], Instance::Uninitialized));
+        Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+        JSObjectRef value(Instance::Make(context, [internal->GetValue() alloc], Instance::Uninitialized));
         return value;
     } CYCatch
 }
 
+static bool CYIsClass(id self) {
+    // XXX: this is a lame object_isClass
+    return class_getInstanceMethod(object_getClass(self), @selector(alloc)) != NULL;
+}
+
+static bool Instance_hasInstance(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef constructor, JSValueRef instance, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) constructor)));
+    Class _class(internal->GetValue());
+    if (!CYIsClass(_class))
+        return false;
+
+    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, instance, Instance_)) {
+        Instance *linternal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) instance)));
+        // XXX: this isn't always safe
+        CYTry {
+            return [linternal->GetValue() isKindOfClass:_class];
+        } CYCatch
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
 static bool Internal_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     CYPool pool;
@@ -1931,6 +2406,17 @@ static bool Internal_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     } CYCatch
 }
 
+static void Internal_getPropertyNames_(Class _class, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
+    if (Class super = class_getSuperclass(_class))
+        Internal_getPropertyNames_(super, names);
+
+    unsigned int size;
+    Ivar *data(class_copyIvarList(_class, &size));
+    for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
+        JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(ivar_getName(data[i])));
+    free(data);
+}
+
 static void Internal_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     CYPool pool;
@@ -1938,21 +2424,15 @@ static void Internal_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     id self(internal->GetValue());
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
 
-    for (Class super(_class); super != NULL; super = class_getSuperclass(super)) {
-        unsigned int size;
-        Ivar *data(class_copyIvarList(super, &size));
-        for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
-            JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(ivar_getName(data[i])));
-        free(data);
-    }
+    Internal_getPropertyNames_(_class, names);
 }
 
 static JSValueRef Internal_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    return internal->owner_;
+    return internal->GetOwner();
 }
 
-bool Index_(apr_pool_t *pool, Struct_privateData *internal, JSStringRef property, ssize_t &index, uint8_t *&base) {
+static bool Index_(apr_pool_t *pool, Struct_privateData *internal, JSStringRef property, ssize_t &index, uint8_t *&base) {
     Type_privateData *typical(internal->type_);
     sig::Type *type(typical->type_);
     if (type == NULL)
@@ -2004,7 +2484,7 @@ static JSValueRef Pointer_getIndex(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, siz
     uint8_t *base(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(internal->value_));
     base += ffi->size * index;
 
-    JSObjectRef owner(internal->owner_ ?: object);
+    JSObjectRef owner(internal->GetOwner() ?: object);
 
     CYTry {
         return CYFromFFI(context, typical->type_, ffi, base, false, owner);
@@ -2019,11 +2499,11 @@ static JSValueRef Pointer_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     if (typical->type_ == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
-    ssize_t index;
-    if (!CYGetIndex(pool, property, index))
+    ssize_t offset;
+    if (!CYGetOffset(pool, property, offset))
         return NULL;
 
-    return Pointer_getIndex(context, object, index, exception);
+    return Pointer_getIndex(context, object, offset, exception);
 }
 
 static JSValueRef Pointer_getProperty_$cyi(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
@@ -2053,11 +2533,11 @@ static bool Pointer_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStri
     if (typical->type_ == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
-    ssize_t index;
-    if (!CYGetIndex(pool, property, index))
+    ssize_t offset;
+    if (!CYGetOffset(pool, property, offset))
         return NULL;
 
-    return Pointer_setIndex(context, object, 0, value, exception);
+    return Pointer_setIndex(context, object, offset, value, exception);
 }
 
 static bool Pointer_setProperty_$cyi(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) {
@@ -2081,7 +2561,7 @@ static JSValueRef Struct_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, J
     if (!Index_(pool, internal, property, index, base))
         return NULL;
 
-    JSObjectRef owner(internal->owner_ ?: object);
+    JSObjectRef owner(internal->GetOwner() ?: object);
 
     CYTry {
         return CYFromFFI(context, typical->type_->data.signature.elements[index].type, typical->GetFFI()->elements[index], base, false, owner);
@@ -2155,44 +2635,6 @@ JSValueRef CYCallFunction(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, size_t setups,
     } CYCatch
 }
 
-void Closure_(ffi_cif *cif, void *result, void **arguments, void *arg) {
-    ffoData *data(reinterpret_cast<ffoData *>(arg));
-
-    JSContextRef context(data->context_);
-
-    size_t count(data->cif_.nargs);
-    JSValueRef values[count];
-
-    for (size_t index(0); index != count; ++index)
-        values[index] = CYFromFFI(context, data->signature_.elements[1 + index].type, data->cif_.arg_types[index], arguments[index]);
-
-    JSValueRef value(CYCallAsFunction(context, data->function_, NULL, count, values));
-    CYPoolFFI(NULL, context, data->signature_.elements[0].type, data->cif_.rtype, result, value);
-}
-
-JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, const char *type) {
-    // XXX: in case of exceptions this will leak
-    ffoData *data(new ffoData(type));
-
-    ffi_closure *closure((ffi_closure *) _syscall(mmap(
-        NULL, sizeof(ffi_closure),
-        PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE,
-        -1, 0
-    )));
-
-    ffi_status status(ffi_prep_closure(closure, &data->cif_, &Closure_, data));
-    _assert(status == FFI_OK);
-
-    _syscall(mprotect(closure, sizeof(*closure), PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC));
-
-    data->value_ = closure;
-
-    data->context_ = CYGetJSContext();
-    data->function_ = function;
-
-    return JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, data);
-}
-
 static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYTry {
         CYPool pool;
@@ -2305,9 +2747,19 @@ static void ObjectiveC_Protocols_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObject
     free(data);
 }
 
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeType(JSContextRef context, const char *type) {
+    Type_privateData *internal(new Type_privateData(NULL, type));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Type_, internal);
+}
+
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeType(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type) {
+    Type_privateData *internal(new Type_privateData(type));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Type_, internal);
+}
+
 static JSValueRef Runtime_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
     if (JSStringIsEqualToUTF8CString(property, "nil"))
-        return Instance::Make(context, nil, Instance::None);
+        return Instance::Make(context, nil);
 
     CYTry {
         CYPool pool;
@@ -2328,11 +2780,17 @@ static JSValueRef Runtime_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
                     sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
                     return CYFromFFI(context, signature.elements[0].type, cif.rtype, [name cy$symbol]);
             }
+        if (NSMutableArray *entry = [[Bridge_ objectAtIndex:2] objectForKey:name])
+            switch ([[entry objectAtIndex:0] intValue]) {
+                // XXX: implement case 0
+                case 1:
+                    return CYMakeType(context, CYPoolCString(pool, [entry objectAtIndex:1]));
+            }
         return NULL;
     } CYCatch
 }
 
-bool stret(ffi_type *ffi_type) {
+static bool stret(ffi_type *ffi_type) {
     return ffi_type->type == FFI_TYPE_STRUCT && (
         ffi_type->size > OBJC_MAX_STRUCT_BY_VALUE ||
         struct_forward_array[ffi_type->size] != 0
@@ -2383,6 +2841,14 @@ JSValueRef CYSendMessage(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, id self, SEL _c
     return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, initialize, exception, &signature, &cif, function);
 }
 
+static size_t Nonce_(0);
+
+static JSValueRef $cyq(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    char name[16];
+    sprintf(name, "%s%zu", CYCastCString(context, arguments[0]), Nonce_++);
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, name);
+}
+
 static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYPool pool;
 
@@ -2396,11 +2862,11 @@ static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObje
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"too few arguments to objc_msgSend" userInfo:nil];
 
         if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, arguments[0], Instance_)) {
-            Instance *data(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) arguments[0])));
-            self = data->GetValue();
-            uninitialized = data->IsUninitialized();
+            Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) arguments[0])));
+            self = internal->GetValue();
+            uninitialized = internal->IsUninitialized();
             if (uninitialized)
-                data->value_ = nil;
+                internal->value_ = nil;
         } else {
             self = CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]);
             uninitialized = false;
@@ -2415,6 +2881,9 @@ static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObje
     return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, _cmd, count - 2, arguments + 2, uninitialized, exception);
 }
 
+/* Hook: objc_registerClassPair {{{ */
+// XXX: replace this with associated objects
+
 MSHook(void, CYDealloc, id self, SEL sel) {
     CYInternal *internal;
     object_getInstanceVariable(self, "cy$internal_", reinterpret_cast<void **>(&internal));
@@ -2443,6 +2912,7 @@ static JSValueRef objc_registerClassPair_(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef obje
         return CYJSUndefined(context);
     } CYCatch
 }
+/* }}} */
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     JSValueRef setup[count + 2];
@@ -2452,13 +2922,27 @@ static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef obje
     return $objc_msgSend(context, NULL, NULL, count + 2, setup, exception);
 }
 
+static JSValueRef Message_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYPool pool;
+    Message_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Message_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+
+    // XXX: handle Instance::Uninitialized?
+    id self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, _this));
+
+    void *setup[2];
+    setup[0] = &self;
+    setup[1] = &internal->sel_;
+
+    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, false, exception, &internal->signature_, &internal->cif_, internal->GetValue());
+}
+
 static JSValueRef Functor_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYPool pool;
-    Functor_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Functor_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 0, NULL, count, arguments, false, exception, &data->signature_, &data->cif_, reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(data->value_));
+    Functor_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Functor_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 0, NULL, count, arguments, false, exception, &internal->signature_, &internal->cif_, internal->GetValue());
 }
 
-JSObjectRef Selector_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSObjectRef Selector_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYTry {
         if (count != 1)
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to Selector constructor" userInfo:nil];
@@ -2467,7 +2951,7 @@ JSObjectRef Selector_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count,
     } CYCatch
 }
 
-JSObjectRef Pointer_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSObjectRef Pointer_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYTry {
         if (count != 2)
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to Functor constructor" userInfo:nil];
@@ -2484,25 +2968,47 @@ JSObjectRef Pointer_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count,
     } CYCatch
 }
 
-JSObjectRef CYMakeType(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, const char *type) {
-    Type_privateData *internal(new Type_privateData(NULL, type));
-    return JSObjectMake(context, Type_, internal);
-}
-
-JSObjectRef Type_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSObjectRef Type_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYTry {
         if (count != 1)
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to Type constructor" userInfo:nil];
         const char *type(CYCastCString(context, arguments[0]));
-        return CYMakeType(context, object, type);
+        return CYMakeType(context, type);
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Type_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+
+    CYTry {
+        sig::Type type;
+
+        if (JSStringIsEqualToUTF8CString(property, "$cyi")) {
+            type.primitive = sig::pointer_P;
+            type.data.data.size = 0;
+        } else {
+            size_t index(CYGetIndex(NULL, property));
+            if (index == _not(size_t))
+                return NULL;
+            type.primitive = sig::array_P;
+            type.data.data.size = index;
+        }
+
+        type.name = NULL;
+        type.flags = 0;
+
+        type.data.data.type = internal->type_;
+
+        return CYMakeType(context, &type);
     } CYCatch
 }
 
 static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+
     CYTry {
         if (count != 1)
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to type cast function" userInfo:nil];
-        Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
         sig::Type *type(internal->type_);
         ffi_type *ffi(internal->GetFFI());
         // XXX: alignment?
@@ -2515,52 +3021,48 @@ static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
 
 static JSObjectRef Type_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYTry {
-        if (count > 1)
+        if (count != 0)
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to type cast function" userInfo:nil];
         Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-        size_t size(count == 0 ? 0 : CYCastDouble(context, arguments[0]));
-        // XXX: alignment?
-        void *value(malloc(internal->GetFFI()->size * size));
-        return CYMakePointer(context, value, internal->type_, internal->ffi_, NULL);
+
+        sig::Type *type(internal->type_);
+        size_t size;
+
+        if (type->primitive != sig::array_P)
+            size = 0;
+        else {
+            size = type->data.data.size;
+            type = type->data.data.type;
+        }
+
+        void *value(malloc(internal->GetFFI()->size));
+        return CYMakePointer(context, value, type, NULL, NULL);
     } CYCatch
 }
 
-JSObjectRef Instance_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSObjectRef Instance_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYTry {
         if (count > 1)
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to Instance constructor" userInfo:nil];
         id self(count == 0 ? nil : CYCastPointer<id>(context, arguments[0]));
-        return Instance::Make(context, self, Instance::None);
+        return Instance::Make(context, self);
     } CYCatch
 }
 
-JSObjectRef Functor_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSObjectRef Functor_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYTry {
         if (count != 2)
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to Functor constructor" userInfo:nil];
         const char *type(CYCastCString(context, arguments[1]));
-        JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-        if (JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor(context, arguments[0], Function_, &exception)) {
-            JSObjectRef function(CYCastJSObject(context, arguments[0]));
-            return CYMakeFunctor(context, function, type);
-        } else if (exception != NULL) {
-            return NULL;
-        } else {
-            void (*function)()(CYCastPointer<void (*)()>(context, arguments[0]));
-            return CYMakeFunctor(context, function, type);
-        }
+        return CYMakeFunctor(context, arguments[0], type);
     } CYCatch
 }
 
-JSValueRef CYValue_getProperty_value(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef CYValue_getProperty_value(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYValue *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYValue *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(internal->value_));
 }
 
-JSValueRef Selector_getProperty_prototype(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
-    return Function_;
-}
-
 static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYValue *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYValue *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     Type_privateData *typical(internal->GetType());
@@ -2601,7 +3103,33 @@ static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRe
     } CYCatch
 }
 
+static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_constructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    return Instance::Make(context, object_getClass(internal->GetValue()));
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_protocol(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    id self(internal->GetValue());
+    if (!CYIsClass(self))
+        return CYJSUndefined(context);
+    CYTry {
+        return CYGetClassPrototype(context, self);
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_messages(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    id self(internal->GetValue());
+    if (class_getInstanceMethod(object_getClass(self), @selector(alloc)) == NULL)
+        return CYJSUndefined(context);
+    return Messages::Make(context, self);
+}
+
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, _this, Instance_))
+        return NULL;
+
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
 
     CYTry {
@@ -2612,31 +3140,38 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
 }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, _this, Instance_))
+        return NULL;
+
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
 
     CYTry {
         CYPoolTry {
             NSString *key(count == 0 ? nil : CYCastNSString(NULL, CYJSString(context, arguments[0])));
+            // XXX: check for support of cy$toJSON?
             return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString([internal->GetValue() cy$toJSON:key]));
         } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
     } CYCatch
 }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
-    Instance *data(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, _this, Instance_))
+        return NULL;
+
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
 
     CYTry {
         CYPoolTry {
-            return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString([data->GetValue() description]));
+            return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString([internal->GetValue() description]));
         } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
     } CYCatch
 }
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
-    Selector_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+    Selector_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
 
     CYTry {
-        return CYCastJSValue(context, sel_getName(data->GetValue()));
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, sel_getName(internal->GetValue()));
     } CYCatch
 }
 
@@ -2663,12 +3198,9 @@ static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
         Selector_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
         Class _class(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]));
         SEL sel(internal->GetValue());
-        if (Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel))
-            return CYCastJSValue(context, method_getTypeEncoding(method));
-        else if (NSString *type = [[Bridge_ objectAtIndex:1] objectForKey:CYCastNSString(pool, sel_getName(sel))])
-            return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(type));
-        else
-            return CYJSNull(context);
+        Method method(class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel));
+        const char *type(CYPoolTypeEncoding(pool, _class, sel, method));
+        return type == NULL ? CYJSNull(context) : CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(type));
     } CYCatch
 }
 
@@ -2727,13 +3259,11 @@ static JSStaticFunction Functor_staticFunctions[4] = {
     {NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
-/*static JSStaticValue Selector_staticValues[2] = {
-    {"prototype", &Selector_getProperty_prototype, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
-    {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
-};*/
-
-static JSStaticValue Instance_staticValues[2] = {
-    {"value", &CYValue_getProperty_value, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+static JSStaticValue Instance_staticValues[5] = {
+    {"constructor", &Instance_getProperty_constructor, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"messages", &Instance_getProperty_messages, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"prototype", &Instance_getProperty_protocol, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"value", &CYValue_getProperty_value, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
@@ -2769,6 +3299,7 @@ CYDriver::CYDriver(const std::string &filename) :
     state_(CYClear),
     data_(NULL),
     size_(0),
+    file_(NULL),
     filename_(filename),
     source_(NULL)
 {
@@ -2819,7 +3350,14 @@ const char *CYExecute(apr_pool_t *pool, const char *code) { _pooled
     if (JSValueIsUndefined(context, result))
         return NULL;
 
-    const char *json(CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, result, &exception));
+    const char *json;
+
+    try {
+        json = CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, result, &exception);
+    } catch (const char *error) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
     if (exception != NULL)
         goto error;
 
@@ -2845,7 +3383,7 @@ bool CYSendAll_(int socket, const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
     return true;
 }
 
-apr_pool_t *Pool_;
+static apr_pool_t *Pool_;
 
 struct CYExecute_ {
     apr_pool_t *pool_;
@@ -2912,7 +3450,8 @@ struct CYClient :
                 size = _not(size_t);
             } else {
                 std::ostringstream str;
-                driver.source_->Show(str);
+                CYOutput out(str);
+                driver.source_->Show(out);
                 std::string code(str.str());
                 CYExecute_ execute = {pool, code.c_str()};
                 [client performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(execute:) withObject:[NSValue valueWithPointer:&execute] waitUntilDone:YES];
@@ -2952,8 +3491,10 @@ MSInitialize { _pooled
 
     Bridge_ = [[NSMutableArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:@"/usr/lib/libcycript.plist"] retain];
 
+    NSArray_ = objc_getClass("NSArray");
     NSCFBoolean_ = objc_getClass("NSCFBoolean");
     NSCFType_ = objc_getClass("NSCFType");
+    NSDictionary_ = objc_getClass("NSDictonary");
     NSMessageBuilder_ = objc_getClass("NSMessageBuilder");
     NSZombie_ = objc_getClass("_NSZombie_");
     Object_ = objc_getClass("Object");
@@ -2980,6 +3521,7 @@ JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
         definition.deleteProperty = &Instance_deleteProperty;
         definition.getPropertyNames = &Instance_getPropertyNames;
         definition.callAsConstructor = &Instance_callAsConstructor;
+        definition.hasInstance = &Instance_hasInstance;
         definition.finalize = &Finalize;
         Instance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
@@ -2993,6 +3535,34 @@ JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
         definition.finalize = &Finalize;
         Internal_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
+        definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
+        definition.className = "Message";
+        definition.staticFunctions = Functor_staticFunctions;
+        definition.callAsFunction = &Message_callAsFunction;
+        definition.finalize = &Finalize;
+        Message_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+        definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
+        definition.className = "Messages";
+        definition.hasProperty = &Messages_hasProperty;
+        definition.getProperty = &Messages_getProperty;
+        definition.setProperty = &Messages_setProperty;
+#if !__OBJC2__
+        definition.deleteProperty = &Messages_deleteProperty;
+#endif
+        definition.getPropertyNames = &Messages_getPropertyNames;
+        definition.finalize = &Finalize;
+        Messages_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+        definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
+        definition.className = "NSArrayPrototype";
+        //definition.hasProperty = &NSArrayPrototype_hasProperty;
+        //definition.getProperty = &NSArrayPrototype_getProperty;
+        //definition.setProperty = &NSArrayPrototype_setProperty;
+        //definition.deleteProperty = &NSArrayPrototype_deleteProperty;
+        //definition.getPropertyNames = &NSArrayPrototype_getPropertyNames;
+        NSArrayPrototype_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
         definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
         definition.className = "Pointer";
         definition.staticValues = Pointer_staticValues;
@@ -3005,7 +3575,6 @@ JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
         definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
         definition.className = "Selector";
         definition.staticValues = CYValue_staticValues;
-        //definition.staticValues = Selector_staticValues;
         definition.staticFunctions = Selector_staticFunctions;
         definition.callAsFunction = &Selector_callAsFunction;
         definition.finalize = &Finalize;
@@ -3023,7 +3592,7 @@ JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
         definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
         definition.className = "Type";
         definition.staticFunctions = Type_staticFunctions;
-        //definition.getProperty = &Type_getProperty;
+        definition.getProperty = &Type_getProperty;
         definition.callAsFunction = &Type_callAsFunction;
         definition.callAsConstructor = &Type_callAsConstructor;
         definition.finalize = &Finalize;
@@ -3050,7 +3619,6 @@ JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
         definition.className = "ObjectiveC::Image::Classes";
         definition.getProperty = &ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getProperty;
         definition.getPropertyNames = &ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getPropertyNames;
-        definition.finalize = &Finalize;
         ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
         definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
@@ -3076,10 +3644,41 @@ JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
         CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC_, CYJSString("images"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Images_, NULL));
         CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC_, CYJSString("protocols"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Protocols_, NULL));
 
-        CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Functor"), JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Functor_, &Functor_new));
-        CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Instance"), JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Instance_, &Instance_new));
+        Array_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Array")));
+        Function_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Function")));
+        String_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("String")));
+
+        length_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("length");
+        message_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("message");
+        name_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("name");
+        prototype_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("prototype");
+        toCYON_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("toCYON");
+        toJSON_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("toJSON");
+
+        JSObjectRef Object(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Object"))));
+        Object_prototype_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Object, prototype_));
+
+        Array_prototype_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array_, prototype_));
+        Array_pop_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array_prototype_, CYJSString("pop")));
+        Array_push_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array_prototype_, CYJSString("push")));
+        Array_splice_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array_prototype_, CYJSString("splice")));
+
+        JSObjectRef Functor(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Functor_, &Functor_new));
+        JSObjectRef Instance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Instance_, &Instance_new));
+        JSObjectRef Message(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Message_, NULL));
+        JSObjectRef Selector(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Selector_, &Selector_new));
+
+        Instance_prototype_ = (JSObjectRef) CYGetProperty(context, Instance, prototype_);
+
+        JSValueRef function(CYGetProperty(context, Function_, prototype_));
+        JSObjectSetPrototype(context, (JSObjectRef) CYGetProperty(context, Message, prototype_), function);
+        JSObjectSetPrototype(context, (JSObjectRef) CYGetProperty(context, Functor, prototype_), function);
+        JSObjectSetPrototype(context, (JSObjectRef) CYGetProperty(context, Selector, prototype_), function);
+
+        CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Functor"), Functor);
+        CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Instance"), Instance);
         CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Pointer"), JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Pointer_, &Pointer_new));
-        CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Selector"), JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Selector_, &Selector_new));
+        CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Selector"), Selector);
         CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Type"), JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Type_, &Type_new));
 
         MSHookFunction(&objc_registerClassPair, MSHake(objc_registerClassPair));
@@ -3088,6 +3687,7 @@ JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
 
         CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("objc_registerClassPair"), JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYJSString("objc_registerClassPair"), &objc_registerClassPair_));
         CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("objc_msgSend"), JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYJSString("objc_msgSend"), &$objc_msgSend));
+        CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("$cyq"), JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYJSString("$cyq"), &$cyq));
 
         System_ = JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL);
         CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("system"), System_);
@@ -3098,14 +3698,17 @@ JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
 
         Result_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("_");
 
-        length_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("length");
-        message_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("message");
-        name_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("name");
-        toCYON_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("toCYON");
-        toJSON_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("toJSON");
+        JSValueProtect(context, Array_);
+        JSValueProtect(context, Function_);
+        JSValueProtect(context, String_);
 
-        Array_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Array")));
-        Function_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Function")));
+        JSValueProtect(context, Instance_prototype_);
+        JSValueProtect(context, Object_prototype_);
+
+        JSValueProtect(context, Array_prototype_);
+        JSValueProtect(context, Array_pop_);
+        JSValueProtect(context, Array_push_);
+        JSValueProtect(context, Array_splice_);
     }
 
     return Context_;