X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/c4fb5e261e9f928105f9259c0d1d55e657c49dc4..0559abf83c4cc9bbd896b69dfaae1e8422521479:/ObjectiveC/Library.mm

diff --git a/ObjectiveC/Library.mm b/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
index 7b0785a..a21aa6e 100644
--- a/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
+++ b/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
@@ -1,55 +1,57 @@
 /* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
- * Copyright (C) 2009-2013  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2015  Jay Freeman (saurik)
 */
 
-/* GNU General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
+/* GNU Affero General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
 /*
- * Cycript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
- * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
- * or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * Cycript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
- * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with Cycript.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 **/
 /* }}} */
 
-#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#include "cycript.hpp"
 
-#include "ObjectiveC/Internal.hpp"
+#include <cmath>
 
-#include <objc/objc-api.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
 
-#include "cycript.hpp"
+#include <dlfcn.h>
 
-#include "ObjectiveC/Internal.hpp"
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <malloc/malloc.h>
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <objc/message.h>
+#include <objc/runtime.h>
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 #include <JavaScriptCore/JSStringRefCF.h>
-#include <objc/runtime.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-#include <malloc/malloc.h>
-#include <mach/mach.h>
-#endif
+#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 
+#include "Code.hpp"
+#include "Decode.hpp"
 #include "Error.hpp"
 #include "JavaScript.hpp"
 #include "String.hpp"
 #include "Execute.hpp"
 
-#include <cmath>
-#include <map>
-#include <set>
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include "ObjectiveC/Internal.hpp"
+#include "ObjectiveC/Syntax.hpp"
 
 #define CYObjectiveTry_ { \
     try
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@
     try
 #define CYObjectiveCatch \
     catch (const CYException &error) { \
-        @throw CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, error.CastJSValue(context)); \
+        @throw CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, error.CastJSValue(context, "Error")); \
     } \
 }
 
@@ -86,48 +88,11 @@
     } return value; \
 }
 
-#ifndef __APPLE__
-#define class_getSuperclass GSObjCSuper
-#define class_getInstanceVariable GSCGetInstanceVariableDefinition
-#define class_getName GSNameFromClass
-
-#define class_removeMethods(cls, list) GSRemoveMethodList(cls, list, YES)
-
-#define ivar_getName(ivar) ((ivar)->ivar_name)
-#define ivar_getOffset(ivar) ((ivar)->ivar_offset)
-#define ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar) ((ivar)->ivar_type)
-
-#define method_getName(method) ((method)->method_name)
-#define method_getImplementation(method) ((method)->method_imp)
-#define method_getTypeEncoding(method) ((method)->method_types)
-#define method_setImplementation(method, imp) ((void) ((method)->method_imp = (imp)))
-
-#undef objc_getClass
-#define objc_getClass GSClassFromName
-
-#define objc_getProtocol GSProtocolFromName
-
-#define object_getClass GSObjCClass
+#define _oassert(test) \
+    if (!(test)) \
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInternalInconsistencyException reason:@"_assert(" #test ")" userInfo:nil];
 
-#define object_getInstanceVariable(object, name, value) ({ \
-    objc_ivar *ivar(class_getInstanceVariable(object_getClass(object), name)); \
-    _assert(value != NULL); \
-    if (ivar != NULL) \
-        GSObjCGetVariable(object, ivar_getOffset(ivar), sizeof(void *), value); \
-    ivar; \
-})
-
-#define object_setIvar(object, ivar, value) ({ \
-    void *data = (value); \
-    GSObjCSetVariable(object, ivar_getOffset(ivar), sizeof(void *), &data); \
-})
-
-#define protocol_getName(protocol) [(protocol) name]
-#endif
-
-static void (*$objc_setAssociatedObject)(id object, void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy);
-static id (*$objc_getAssociatedObject)(id object, void *key);
-static void (*$objc_removeAssociatedObjects)(id object);
+@class NSBlock;
 
 struct BlockLiteral {
     Class isa;
@@ -189,29 +154,37 @@ Type_ CYPoolRelease(CYPool *pool, Type_ object) {
 }
 /* }}} */
 /* Objective-C Strings {{{ */
-const char *CYPoolCString(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value) {
-    size_t size([value maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] + 1);
-    char *string(new(pool) char[size]);
+CYUTF8String CYPoolUTF8String(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value) {
+    size_t size([value maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
+    char *string(new(pool) char[size + 1]);
     if (![value getCString:string maxLength:size encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding])
         throw CYJSError(context, "[NSString getCString:maxLength:encoding:] == NO");
-    return string;
+    return CYUTF8String(string, [value lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
 }
 
+const char *CYPoolCString(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value) {
+    CYUTF8String utf8(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, value));
+    _assert(memchr(utf8.data, '\0', utf8.size) == NULL);
+    return utf8.data;
+}
+
+#ifdef __clang__
 JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSContextRef context, NSString *value) {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     return JSStringCreateWithCFString(reinterpret_cast<CFStringRef>(value));
-#else
-    CYPool pool;
-    return CYCopyJSString(CYPoolCString(pool, context, value));
-#endif
 }
+#endif
 
 JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) {
     if (value == nil)
         return NULL;
     // XXX: this definition scares me; is anyone using this?!
     NSString *string([value description]);
+#ifdef __clang__
     return CYCopyJSString(context, string);
+#else
+    CYPool pool;
+    return CYCopyJSString(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, string));
+#endif
 }
 
 NSString *CYCopyNSString(const CYUTF8String &value) {
@@ -273,7 +246,9 @@ bool CYGetOffset(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value, ssize_t &i
 static JSClassRef Instance_;
 
 static JSClassRef ArrayInstance_;
+static JSClassRef BooleanInstance_;
 static JSClassRef FunctionInstance_;
+static JSClassRef NumberInstance_;
 static JSClassRef ObjectInstance_;
 static JSClassRef StringInstance_;
 
@@ -294,12 +269,10 @@ static JSClassRef ObjectiveC_Images_;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
+static Class __NSMallocBlock__;
 static Class NSCFBoolean_;
 static Class NSCFType_;
 static Class NSGenericDeallocHandler_;
-static Class NSZombie_;
-
-static std::set<Class> banned_;
 #else
 static Class NSBoolNumber_;
 #endif
@@ -307,7 +280,9 @@ static Class NSBoolNumber_;
 static Class NSArray_;
 static Class NSBlock_;
 static Class NSDictionary_;
+static Class NSNumber_;
 static Class NSString_;
+static Class NSZombie_;
 static Class Object_;
 
 static Type_privateData *Object_type;
@@ -343,10 +318,18 @@ JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, Class self, bool meta) {
     JSClassRef _class(NULL);
     JSValueRef prototype;
 
-    if (self == NSArray_)
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (self == NSCFBoolean_)
+#else
+    if (self == NSBoolNumber_)
+#endif
+        prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("BooleanInstance_prototype"));
+    else if (self == NSArray_)
         prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("ArrayInstance_prototype"));
     else if (self == NSBlock_)
         prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("FunctionInstance_prototype"));
+    else if (self == NSNumber_)
+        prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("NumberInstance_prototype"));
     else if (self == NSDictionary_)
         prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("ObjectInstance_prototype"));
     else if (self == NSString_)
@@ -355,7 +338,7 @@ JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, Class self, bool meta) {
         prototype = CYGetClassPrototype(context, class_getSuperclass(self), meta);
 
     JSObjectRef object(JSObjectMake(context, _class, NULL));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, object, prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, object, prototype);
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, name, object);
 
     return object;
@@ -368,7 +351,7 @@ _finline JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, Class self) {
 JSObjectRef Messages::Make(JSContextRef context, Class _class) {
     JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, Messages_, new Messages(_class)));
     if (Class super = class_getSuperclass(_class))
-        JSObjectSetPrototype(context, value, Messages::Make(context, super));
+        CYSetPrototype(context, value, Messages::Make(context, super));
     return value;
 }
 
@@ -382,17 +365,22 @@ JSObjectRef Super::Make(JSContextRef context, id object, Class _class) {
     return value;
 } }
 
+bool CYIsKindOfClass(id object, Class _class) {
+    for (Class isa(object_getClass(object)); isa != NULL; isa = class_getSuperclass(isa))
+        if (isa == _class)
+            return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
 JSObjectRef Instance::Make(JSContextRef context, id object, Flags flags) {
-    JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, Instance_, new Instance(object, flags)));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, value, CYGetClassPrototype(context, object_getClass(object)));
+    JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, CYIsKindOfClass(object, NSBlock_) ? FunctionInstance_ : Instance_, new Instance(object, flags)));
+    CYSetPrototype(context, value, CYGetClassPrototype(context, object_getClass(object)));
     return value;
 }
 
 Instance::~Instance() {
-    if ((flags_ & Transient) == 0)
-        // XXX: does this handle background threads correctly?
-        // XXX: this simply does not work on the console because I'm stupid
-        [GetValue() performSelector:@selector(release) withObject:nil afterDelay:0];
+    if ((flags_ & Permanent) == 0)
+        [GetValue() release];
 }
 
 struct Message_privateData :
@@ -407,17 +395,28 @@ struct Message_privateData :
     }
 };
 
-JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, bool transient) {
-    Instance::Flags flags;
+JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, Instance::Flags flags = Instance::None) {
+    _assert(object != nil);
 
-    if (transient)
-        flags = Instance::Transient;
-    else {
-        flags = Instance::None;
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    JSWeakObjectMapRef weak(CYCastPointer<JSWeakObjectMapRef>(context, CYGetCachedValue(context, weak_s)));
+
+    if (weak != NULL && &JSWeakObjectMapGet != NULL)
+        if (JSObjectRef instance = JSWeakObjectMapGet(context, weak, object))
+            return instance;
+#endif
+
+    if ((flags & Instance::Permanent) == 0)
         object = [object retain];
-    }
 
-    return Instance::Make(context, object, flags);
+    JSObjectRef instance(Instance::Make(context, object, flags));
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (weak != NULL && &JSWeakObjectMapSet != NULL)
+        JSWeakObjectMapSet(context, weak, object, instance);
+#endif
+
+    return instance;
 }
 
 @interface NSMethodSignature (Cycript)
@@ -430,7 +429,7 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, bool transient) {
 - (JSType) cy$JSType;
 
 - (JSValueRef) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key inContext:(JSContextRef)context;
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective;
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects;
 
 - (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name;
 - (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name;
@@ -448,45 +447,42 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, bool transient) {
 - (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context;
 @end
 
-NSString *CYCastNSCYON(id value, bool objective) {
-    NSString *string;
+NSString *CYCastNSCYON(id value, bool objective, std::set<void *> &objects) {
+    _assert(value != nil);
 
-    if (value == nil)
-        string = @"nil";
-    else {
-        Class _class(object_getClass(value));
-        SEL sel(@selector(cy$toCYON:));
-
-        if (objc_method *toCYON = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel))
-            string = reinterpret_cast<NSString *(*)(id, SEL, bool)>(method_getImplementation(toCYON))(value, sel, objective);
-        else if (objc_method *methodSignatureForSelector = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, @selector(methodSignatureForSelector:))) {
-            if (reinterpret_cast<NSMethodSignature *(*)(id, SEL, SEL)>(method_getImplementation(methodSignatureForSelector))(value, @selector(methodSignatureForSelector:), sel) != nil)
-                string = [value cy$toCYON:objective];
-            else goto fail;
-        } else fail: {
-            if (false);
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-            else if (value == NSZombie_)
-                string = @"_NSZombie_";
-            else if (_class == NSZombie_)
-                string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<_NSZombie_: %p>", value];
-            // XXX: frowny /in/ the pants
-            else if (banned_.find(value) != banned_.end())
-                string = nil;
-#endif
-            else
-                string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", value];
-        }
+    Class _class(object_getClass(value));
 
-        // XXX: frowny pants
-        if (string == nil)
-            string = @"undefined";
+    if (class_isMetaClass(_class)) {
+        const char *name(class_getName(value));
+        if (class_isMetaClass(value))
+            return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"object_getClass(%s)", name];
+        else
+            return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
     }
 
-    return string;
+    if (_class == NSZombie_)
+        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<_NSZombie_: %p>", value];
+
+    SEL sel(@selector(cy$toCYON:inSet:));
+
+    if (objc_method *toCYON = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel))
+        return reinterpret_cast<NSString *(*)(id, SEL, bool, std::set<void *> &)>(method_getImplementation(toCYON))(value, sel, objective, objects);
+    else if (objc_method *methodSignatureForSelector = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, @selector(methodSignatureForSelector:)))
+        if (reinterpret_cast<NSMethodSignature *(*)(id, SEL, SEL)>(method_getImplementation(methodSignatureForSelector))(value, @selector(methodSignatureForSelector:), sel) != nil)
+            return [value cy$toCYON:objective inSet:objects];
+
+    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", value];
+}
+
+NSString *CYCastNSCYON(id value, bool objective, std::set<void *> *objects) {
+    if (objects != NULL)
+        return CYCastNSCYON(value, objective, *objects);
+    else {
+        std::set<void *> objects;
+        return CYCastNSCYON(value, objective, objects);
+    }
 }
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
 struct PropertyAttributes {
     CYPool pool_;
 
@@ -574,7 +570,6 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
     }
 
 };
-#endif
 
 @interface CYWebUndefined : NSObject {
 }
@@ -631,40 +626,55 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
 /* }}} */
 
 _finline bool CYJSValueIsNSObject(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    return JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Instance_);
+    return JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Instance_) || JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, FunctionInstance_);
 }
 
 _finline bool CYJSValueIsInstanceOfCachedConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, JSStringRef cache) {
     return _jsccall(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor, context, value, CYGetCachedObject(context, cache));
 }
 
-NSObject *CYMakeBlock(void (*invoke)(), sig::Signature &signature) {
-    BlockLiteral *literal(reinterpret_cast<BlockLiteral *>(malloc(sizeof(BlockLiteral))));
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+struct CYBlockDescriptor {
+    struct {
+        BlockDescriptor1 one_;
+        BlockDescriptor2 two_;
+        BlockDescriptor3 three_;
+    } d_;
+
+    Closure_privateData *internal_;
+};
+
+void CYDisposeBlock(BlockLiteral *literal) {
+    delete reinterpret_cast<CYBlockDescriptor *>(literal->descriptor)->internal_;
+}
 
-    struct Descriptor {
-        struct {
-            BlockDescriptor1 one_;
-            BlockDescriptor2 two_;
-            BlockDescriptor3 three_;
-        } d_;
+static JSValueRef BlockAdapter_(JSContextRef context, size_t count, JSValueRef values[], JSObjectRef function) {
+    JSObjectRef _this(CYCastJSObject(context, values[0]));
+    return CYCallAsFunction(context, function, _this, count - 1, values + 1);
+}
 
-        CYPool pool_;
-    };
+NSBlock *CYMakeBlock(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, sig::Signature &signature) {
+    _assert(__NSMallocBlock__ != Nil);
+    BlockLiteral *literal(reinterpret_cast<BlockLiteral *>(malloc(sizeof(BlockLiteral))));
 
-    Descriptor *descriptor(new Descriptor);
+    CYBlockDescriptor *descriptor(new CYBlockDescriptor);
     memset(&descriptor->d_, 0, sizeof(descriptor->d_));
 
-    literal->isa = objc_getClass("__NSGlobalBlock__");
+    descriptor->internal_ = CYMakeFunctor_(context, function, signature, &BlockAdapter_);
+    literal->invoke = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(void *, ...)>(descriptor->internal_->GetValue());
+
+    literal->isa = __NSMallocBlock__;
     literal->flags = BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE | BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE | BLOCK_IS_GLOBAL;
     literal->reserved = 0;
-    literal->invoke = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(void *, ...)>(invoke);
     literal->descriptor = descriptor;
 
     descriptor->d_.one_.size = sizeof(descriptor->d_);
-    descriptor->d_.three_.signature = sig::Unparse(descriptor->pool_, &signature);
+    descriptor->d_.two_.dispose_helper = &CYDisposeBlock;
+    descriptor->d_.three_.signature = sig::Unparse(*descriptor->internal_->pool_, &signature);
 
-    return reinterpret_cast<NSObject *>(literal);
+    return reinterpret_cast<NSBlock *>(literal);
 }
+#endif
 
 NSObject *CYCastNSObject(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
     if (CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, object)) {
@@ -672,11 +682,6 @@ NSObject *CYCastNSObject(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object)
         return internal->GetValue();
     }
 
-    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, Functor_)) {
-        cy::Functor *internal(reinterpret_cast<cy::Functor *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-        return CYMakeBlock(internal->GetValue(), internal->signature_);
-    }
-
     bool array(CYJSValueIsInstanceOfCachedConstructor(context, object, Array_s));
     id value(array ? [CYJSArray alloc] : [CYJSObject alloc]);
     return CYPoolRelease(pool, [value initWithJSObject:object inContext:context]);
@@ -760,12 +765,14 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return [[self mutableCopy] autorelease];
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    _oassert(objects.insert(self).second);
+
     NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
     [json appendString:@"@["];
 
     bool comma(false);
-#ifdef __APPLE__
+#ifdef __clang__
     for (id object in self) {
 #else
     for (size_t index(0), count([self count]); index != count; ++index) {
@@ -775,8 +782,8 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
             [json appendString:@","];
         else
             comma = true;
-        if (object == nil || [object cy$JSType] != kJSTypeUndefined)
-            [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object, true)];
+        if (object != nil && [object cy$JSType] != kJSTypeUndefined)
+            [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object, true, objects)];
         else {
             [json appendString:@","];
             comma = false;
@@ -836,8 +843,43 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 /* }}} */
 /* Bridge: NSBlock {{{ */
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-@interface NSBlock
+@interface NSBlock : NSObject
 - (void) invoke;
+@end
+
+static const char *CYBlockEncoding(NSBlock *self);
+static sig::Signature *CYBlockSignature(CYPool &pool, NSBlock *self);
+
+@implementation NSBlock (Cycript)
+
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    CYLocalPool pool;
+
+    sig::Signature *signature(CYBlockSignature(pool, self));
+    // XXX: I am checking signature->count due to Decode doing it for block_P
+    if (signature == NULL || signature->count == 0)
+        return [super cy$toCYON:objective inSet:objects];
+    _oassert(objects.insert(self).second);
+
+    sig::Block type;
+    sig::Copy(pool, type.signature, *signature);
+
+    CYTypedIdentifier *typed((new(pool) CYTypeExpression(CYDecodeType(pool, &type)))->typed_);
+    CYTypeFunctionWith *function(typed->Function());
+    _assert(function != NULL);
+
+    _assert(function->parameters_ != NULL);
+    CYObjCBlock *block(new(pool) CYObjCBlock(typed, function->parameters_, NULL));
+
+    std::ostringstream str;
+    CYOptions options;
+    CYOutput out(*str.rdbuf(), options);
+    block->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
+
+    std::string value(str.str());
+    return CYCastNSString(NULL, CYUTF8String(value.c_str(), value.size()));
+}
+
 @end
 #endif
 /* }}} */
@@ -849,7 +891,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeBoolean;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
     NSString *value([self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false");
     return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
@@ -868,12 +910,14 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return [[self mutableCopy] autorelease];
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    _oassert(objects.insert(self).second);
+
     NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
     [json appendString:@"@{"];
 
     bool comma(false);
-#ifdef __APPLE__
+#ifdef __clang__
     for (NSObject *key in self) {
 #else
     NSEnumerator *keys([self keyEnumerator]);
@@ -883,10 +927,10 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
             [json appendString:@","];
         else
             comma = true;
-        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(key, true)];
+        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(key, true, objects)];
         [json appendString:@":"];
         NSObject *object([self objectForKey:key]);
-        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object, true)];
+        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object, true, objects)];
     }
 
     [json appendString:@"}"];
@@ -904,7 +948,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 - (void) cy$getPropertyNames:(JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef)names inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
     [super cy$getPropertyNames:names inContext:context];
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
+#ifdef __clang__
     for (NSObject *key in self) {
 #else
     NSEnumerator *keys([self keyEnumerator]);
@@ -927,11 +971,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"]) {
         // XXX: is this not intelligent?
         NSNumber *number(reinterpret_cast<NSNumber *>(value));
-#ifdef __APPLE__
         NSUInteger size([number unsignedIntegerValue]);
-#else
-        NSUInteger size([number unsignedIntValue]);
-#endif
         NSUInteger count([self count]);
         if (size < count)
             [self removeObjectsInRange:NSMakeRange(size, count - size)];
@@ -1006,7 +1046,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeNumber;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
     NSString *value([self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? [self stringValue] : [self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false");
     return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
@@ -1024,7 +1064,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeNull;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
     NSString *value(@"null");
     return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
@@ -1054,8 +1094,8 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeObject;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
-    return [[self description] cy$toCYON:objective];
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    return [@"#" stringByAppendingString:[[self description] cy$toCYON:true inSet:objects]];
 }
 
 - (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name {
@@ -1089,11 +1129,43 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 
 @end
 /* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSOrderedSet {{{ */
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+@implementation NSOrderedSet (Cycript)
+
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    _oassert(objects.insert(self).second);
+
+    NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
+    [json appendString:@"[NSOrderedSet orderedSetWithArray:"];
+    [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON([self array], true, objects)];
+    [json appendString:@"]]"];
+    return json;
+}
+
+@end
+#endif
+/* }}} */
 /* Bridge: NSProxy {{{ */
 @implementation NSProxy (Cycript)
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
-    return [[self description] cy$toCYON:objective];
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    return [[self description] cy$toCYON:objective inSet:objects];
+}
+
+@end
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSSet {{{ */
+@implementation NSSet (Cycript)
+
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    _oassert(objects.insert(self).second);
+
+    NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
+    [json appendString:@"[NSSet setWithArray:"];
+    [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON([self allObjects], true, objects)];
+    [json appendString:@"]]"];
+    return json;
 }
 
 @end
@@ -1109,12 +1181,12 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeString;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
     std::ostringstream str;
     if (!objective)
         str << '@';
     CYUTF8String string(CYCastUTF8String(self));
-    CYStringify(str, string.data, string.size);
+    CYStringify(str, string.data, string.size, true);
     std::string value(str.str());
     return CYCastNSString(NULL, CYUTF8String(value.c_str(), value.size()));
 }
@@ -1158,7 +1230,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeUndefined;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
     NSString *value(@"undefined");
     return value; // XXX: maybe use the below code, adding @undefined?
     //return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
@@ -1172,11 +1244,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 /* }}} */
 
 static bool CYIsClass(id self) {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     return class_isMetaClass(object_getClass(self));
-#else
-    return GSObjCIsClass(self);
-#endif
 }
 
 Class CYCastClass(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
@@ -1196,12 +1264,11 @@ NSArray *CYCastNSArray(JSContextRef context, JSPropertyNameArrayRef names) {
     return array;
 }
 
-JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
+JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) {
     if (value == nil)
         return CYJSNull(context);
-    else
-        return CYMakeInstance(context, value, false);
-} CYPoolCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+    return CYMakeInstance(context, value);
+}
 
 @implementation CYJSObject
 
@@ -1220,11 +1287,11 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
     [super dealloc];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective { CYObjectiveTry {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects { CYObjectiveTry {
     CYPool pool;
-    const char *cyon(CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, object_));
+    const char *cyon(CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, object_, objects));
     if (cyon == NULL)
-        return [super cy$toCYON:objective];
+        return [super cy$toCYON:objective inSet:objects];
     else
         return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:cyon];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
@@ -1262,9 +1329,9 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 
 @implementation CYJSArray
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective { CYObjectiveTry {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects { CYObjectiveTry {
     CYPool pool;
-    return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, object_)];
+    return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, object_, objects)];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
@@ -1384,32 +1451,36 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 }
 
 + (CYInternal *) get:(id)object {
-    if ($objc_getAssociatedObject == NULL)
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (&objc_getAssociatedObject == NULL)
         return nil;
 
     @synchronized (object) {
-        if (CYInternal *internal = $objc_getAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal)))
+        if (CYInternal *internal = objc_getAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal)))
             return internal;
     }
+#endif
 
     return nil;
 }
 
 + (CYInternal *) set:(id)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
-    if ($objc_getAssociatedObject == NULL)
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (&objc_getAssociatedObject == NULL)
         return nil;
 
     @synchronized (object) {
-        if (CYInternal *internal = $objc_getAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal)))
+        if (CYInternal *internal = objc_getAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal)))
             return internal;
 
-        if ($objc_setAssociatedObject == NULL)
+        if (&objc_setAssociatedObject == NULL)
             return nil;
 
         CYInternal *internal([[[CYInternal alloc] initInContext:context] autorelease]);
         objc_setAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal), internal, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
         return internal;
     }
+#endif
 
     return nil;
 }
@@ -1421,12 +1492,20 @@ static JSObjectRef CYMakeSelector(JSContextRef context, SEL sel) {
     return JSObjectMake(context, Selector_, internal);
 }
 
+static JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, SEL sel) {
+    if (sel == NULL)
+        return CYJSNull(context);
+    return CYMakeSelector(context, sel);
+}
+
 static SEL CYCastSEL(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Selector_)) {
         Selector_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
         return reinterpret_cast<SEL>(internal->value_);
-    } else
-        return CYCastPointer<SEL>(context, value);
+    } else {
+        CYPool pool;
+        return sel_registerName(CYPoolCString(pool, context, value));
+    }
 }
 
 void *CYObjectiveC_ExecuteStart(JSContextRef context) { CYSadTry {
@@ -1437,78 +1516,109 @@ void CYObjectiveC_ExecuteEnd(JSContextRef context, void *handle) { CYSadTry {
     return [(NSAutoreleasePool *) handle release];
 } CYSadCatch() }
 
-JSValueRef CYObjectiveC_RuntimeProperty(JSContextRef context, CYUTF8String name) { CYPoolTry {
-    if (name == "nil")
-        return Instance::Make(context, nil);
-    if (Class _class = objc_getClass(name.data))
-        return CYMakeInstance(context, _class, true);
-    if (Protocol *protocol = objc_getProtocol(name.data))
-        return CYMakeInstance(context, protocol, true);
-    return NULL;
-} CYPoolCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
-
-static void CYObjectiveC_CallFunction(JSContextRef context, ffi_cif *cif, void (*function)(), uint8_t *value, void **values) { CYSadTry {
-    ffi_call(cif, function, value, values);
+static void CYObjectiveC_CallFunction(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, ffi_cif *cif, void (*function)(), void *value, void **values) { CYSadTry {
+    CYCallFunction(pool, context, cif, function, value, values);
 } CYSadCatch() }
 
-static bool CYObjectiveC_PoolFFI(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) { CYSadTry {
-    switch (type->primitive) {
-        // XXX: do something epic about blocks
-        case sig::block_P:
-        case sig::object_P:
-        case sig::typename_P:
-            // XXX: this works for return values, but not for properties and fields
-            *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data) = CYCastNSObject(pool, context, value);
-        break;
+static NSBlock *CYCastNSBlock(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, const sig::Signature *signature) {
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (JSValueIsNull(context, value))
+        return nil;
+    JSObjectRef object(CYCastJSObject(context, value));
 
-        case sig::selector_P:
-            *reinterpret_cast<SEL *>(data) = CYCastSEL(context, value);
-        break;
+    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, FunctionInstance_))
+        return reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object))->GetValue();
 
-        default:
-            return false;
+    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, Instance_)) {
+        _assert(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object))->GetValue() == nil);
+        return nil;
     }
 
-    return true;
-} CYSadCatch(false) }
-
-static JSValueRef CYObjectiveC_FromFFI(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, bool initialize, JSObjectRef owner) { CYPoolTry {
-    switch (type->primitive) {
-        // XXX: do something epic about blocks
-        case sig::block_P:
-        case sig::object_P:
-            if (NSObject *object = *reinterpret_cast<NSObject **>(data)) {
-                JSValueRef value(CYCastJSValue(context, object));
-                if (initialize)
-                    [object release];
-                return value;
-            } else goto null;
-
-        case sig::typename_P:
-            return CYMakeInstance(context, *reinterpret_cast<Class *>(data), true);
-
-        case sig::selector_P:
-            if (SEL sel = *reinterpret_cast<SEL *>(data))
-                return CYMakeSelector(context, sel);
-            else goto null;
-
-        null:
-            return CYJSNull(context);
-        default:
-            return NULL;
+    _assert(JSObjectIsFunction(context, object));
+
+    _assert(signature != NULL);
+    _assert(signature->count != 0);
+
+    sig::Signature modified;
+    modified.count = signature->count + 1;
+    modified.elements = new(pool) sig::Element[modified.count];
+
+    modified.elements[0] = signature->elements[0];
+    memcpy(modified.elements + 2, signature->elements + 1, sizeof(sig::Element) * (signature->count - 1));
+
+    modified.elements[1].name = NULL;
+    modified.elements[1].type = new(pool) sig::Object();
+    modified.elements[1].offset = _not(size_t);
+
+    return CYMakeBlock(context, object, modified);
+#else
+    _assert(false);
+#endif
+}
+
+namespace sig {
+
+void Block::PoolFFI(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) const {
+    // XXX: this function might not handle the idea of a null pool
+    *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data) = CYCastNSBlock(*pool, context, value, &signature);
+}
+
+// XXX: assigning to an indirect id * works for return values, but not for properties and fields
+void Object::PoolFFI(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) const {
+    *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data) = CYCastNSObject(pool, context, value);
+}
+
+void Meta::PoolFFI(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) const {
+    *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data) = CYCastNSObject(pool, context, value);
+}
+
+void Selector::PoolFFI(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) const {
+    *reinterpret_cast<SEL *>(data) = CYCastSEL(context, value);
+}
+
+JSValueRef Object::FromFFI(JSContextRef context, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, bool initialize, JSObjectRef owner) const {
+    NSObject *value(*reinterpret_cast<NSObject **>(data));
+    if (value == NULL)
+        return CYJSNull(context);
+    JSObjectRef object(CYMakeInstance(context, value));
+
+    if (initialize) {
+        Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+
+        if ((internal->flags_ & Instance::Uninitialized) != 0) {
+            internal->flags_ = static_cast<Instance::Flags>(internal->flags_ & ~Instance::Uninitialized);
+            _assert(internal->value_ == nil);
+            internal->value_ = value;
+        }
+
+        [value release];
     }
-} CYPoolCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+
+    return object;
+}
+
+JSValueRef Meta::FromFFI(JSContextRef context, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, bool initialize, JSObjectRef owner) const {
+    if (Class value = *reinterpret_cast<Class *>(data))
+        return CYMakeInstance(context, value, Instance::Permanent);
+    return CYJSNull(context);
+}
+
+JSValueRef Selector::FromFFI(JSContextRef context, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, bool initialize, JSObjectRef owner) const {
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, *reinterpret_cast<SEL *>(data));
+}
+
+JSValueRef Block::FromFFI(JSContextRef context, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, bool initialize, JSObjectRef owner) const {
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, *reinterpret_cast<NSObject **>(data));
+}
+
+}
 
 static bool CYImplements(id object, Class _class, SEL selector, bool devoid = false) {
     if (objc_method *method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, selector)) {
         if (!devoid)
             return true;
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
         char type[16];
         method_getReturnType(method, type, sizeof(type));
-#else
-        const char *type(method_getTypeEncoding(method));
-#endif
         if (type[0] != 'v')
             return true;
     }
@@ -1517,41 +1627,22 @@ static bool CYImplements(id object, Class _class, SEL selector, bool devoid = fa
     return false;
 }
 
-static const char *CYPoolTypeEncoding(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, SEL sel, objc_method *method) {
-    if (method != NULL)
-        return method_getTypeEncoding(method);
-
-    const char *name(sel_getName(sel));
-    size_t length(strlen(name));
-
-    char keyed[length + 2];
-    keyed[0] = '6';
-    keyed[length + 1] = '\0';
-    memcpy(keyed + 1, name, length);
-
-    if (CYBridgeEntry *entry = CYBridgeHash(keyed, length + 1))
-        return entry->value_;
-
-    return NULL;
-}
-
 static JSValueRef MessageAdapter_(JSContextRef context, size_t count, JSValueRef values[], JSObjectRef function) {
     JSObjectRef _this(CYCastJSObject(context, values[0]));
     return CYCallAsFunction(context, function, _this, count - 2, values + 2);
 }
 
-static void MessageClosure_(ffi_cif *cif, void *result, void **arguments, void *arg) {
-    CYExecuteClosure(cif, result, arguments, arg, &MessageAdapter_);
-}
-
 static JSObjectRef CYMakeMessage(JSContextRef context, SEL sel, IMP imp, const char *type) {
     Message_privateData *internal(new Message_privateData(sel, type, imp));
     return JSObjectMake(context, Message_, internal);
 }
 
-static IMP CYMakeMessage(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, const char *type) {
+static IMP CYMakeMessage(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, const char *encoding) {
     JSObjectRef function(CYCastJSObject(context, value));
-    Closure_privateData *internal(CYMakeFunctor_(context, function, type, &MessageClosure_));
+    CYPool pool;
+    sig::Signature signature;
+    sig::Parse(pool, &signature, encoding, &Structor_);
+    Closure_privateData *internal(CYMakeFunctor_(context, function, signature, &MessageAdapter_));
     // XXX: see notes in Library.cpp about needing to leak
     return reinterpret_cast<IMP>(internal->GetValue());
 }
@@ -1590,11 +1681,8 @@ static bool Messages_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
 
     CYPool pool;
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
-
     SEL sel(sel_registerName(name));
 
-    objc_method *method(class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel));
-
     const char *type;
     IMP imp;
 
@@ -1602,61 +1690,38 @@ static bool Messages_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
         Message_privateData *message(reinterpret_cast<Message_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
         type = sig::Unparse(pool, &message->signature_);
         imp = reinterpret_cast<IMP>(message->GetValue());
-    } else {
-        type = CYPoolTypeEncoding(pool, context, sel, method);
+    } else if (objc_method *method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel)) {
+        type = method_getTypeEncoding(method);
         imp = CYMakeMessage(context, value, type);
-    }
+    } else _assert(false);
+
+    objc_method *method(NULL);
+    unsigned int size;
+    objc_method **methods(class_copyMethodList(_class, &size));
+    for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
+        if (sel_isEqual(method_getName(methods[i]), sel)) {
+            method = methods[i];
+            break;
+        }
+    free(methods);
 
     if (method != NULL)
         method_setImplementation(method, imp);
-    else {
-#ifdef GNU_RUNTIME
-        GSMethodList list(GSAllocMethodList(1));
-        GSAppendMethodToList(list, sel, type, imp, YES);
-        GSAddMethodList(_class, list, YES);
-        GSFlushMethodCacheForClass(_class);
-#else
+    else
         class_addMethod(_class, sel, imp, type);
-#endif
-    }
 
     return true;
 } CYCatch(false) }
 
-#if 0 && OBJC_API_VERSION < 2
-static bool Messages_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    Class _class(internal->GetValue());
-
-    CYPool pool;
-    const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
-
-    if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(name))
-        if (objc_method *method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel)) {
-            objc_method_list list = {NULL, 1, {method}};
-            class_removeMethods(_class, &list);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-    return false;
-} CYCatch(false) }
-#endif
-
 static void Messages_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     Class _class(internal->GetValue());
 
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
     unsigned int size;
     objc_method **data(class_copyMethodList(_class, &size));
     for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
         JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(sel_getName(method_getName(data[i]))));
     free(data);
-#else
-    for (objc_method_list *methods(_class->methods); methods != NULL; methods = methods->method_next)
-        for (int i(0); i != methods->method_count; ++i)
-            JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(sel_getName(method_getName(&methods->method_list[i]))));
-#endif
 }
 
 static bool CYHasImplicitProperties(Class _class) {
@@ -1691,10 +1756,8 @@ static bool Instance_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
 
     const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, context, name));
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     if (class_getProperty(_class, string) != NULL)
         return true;
-#endif
 
     if (CYHasImplicitProperties(_class))
         if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(string))
@@ -1726,13 +1789,11 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, context, name));
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     if (objc_property_t property = class_getProperty(_class, string)) {
         PropertyAttributes attributes(property);
         SEL sel(sel_registerName(attributes.Getter()));
         return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 0, NULL, false);
     }
-#endif
 
     if (CYHasImplicitProperties(_class))
         if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(string))
@@ -1759,7 +1820,6 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, context, name));
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     if (objc_property_t property = class_getProperty(_class, string)) {
         PropertyAttributes attributes(property);
         if (const char *setter = attributes.Setter()) {
@@ -1769,7 +1829,6 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
             return true;
         }
     }
-#endif
 
     size_t length(strlen(string));
 
@@ -1831,7 +1890,6 @@ static void Instance_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     CYPool pool;
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     {
         unsigned int size;
         objc_property_t *data(class_copyPropertyList(_class, &size));
@@ -1839,21 +1897,14 @@ static void Instance_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
             JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(property_getName(data[i])));
         free(data);
     }
-#endif
 
     if (CYHasImplicitProperties(_class))
         for (Class current(_class); current != nil; current = class_getSuperclass(current)) {
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
             unsigned int size;
             objc_method **data(class_copyMethodList(current, &size));
             for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
                 Instance_getPropertyNames_message(names, data[i]);
             free(data);
-#else
-            for (objc_method_list *methods(current->methods); methods != NULL; methods = methods->method_next)
-                for (int i(0); i != methods->method_count; ++i)
-                    Instance_getPropertyNames_message(names, &methods->method_list[i]);
-#endif
         }
 
     CYPoolTry {
@@ -1865,46 +1916,51 @@ static void Instance_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
 
 static JSObjectRef Instance_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    JSObjectRef value(Instance::Make(context, [internal->GetValue() alloc], Instance::Uninitialized));
+    JSObjectRef value(CYMakeInstance(context, [internal->GetValue() alloc], Instance::Uninitialized));
     return value;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    id self(internal->GetValue());
-
-    if (![self isKindOfClass:NSBlock_])
-        CYThrow("non-NSBlock object is not a function");
-    // XXX: replace above logic with the following assertion
-    //_assert([self isKindOfClass:NSBlock_]);
-    // to do this, make it so FunctionInstance_ is the class of blocks
-    // to do /that/, generalize the various "is exactly Instance_" checks
-    // then, move Instance_callAsFunction to only be on FunctionInstance
-
+static const char *CYBlockEncoding(NSBlock *self) {
     BlockLiteral *literal(reinterpret_cast<BlockLiteral *>(self));
+    if ((literal->flags & BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE) == 0)
+        return NULL;
+    uint8_t *descriptor(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(literal->descriptor));
+    descriptor += sizeof(BlockDescriptor1);
+    if ((literal->flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) != 0)
+        descriptor += sizeof(BlockDescriptor2);
+    BlockDescriptor3 *descriptor3(reinterpret_cast<BlockDescriptor3 *>(descriptor));
+    return descriptor3->signature;
+}
 
-    if ((literal->flags & BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE) != 0) {
-        uint8_t *descriptor(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(literal->descriptor));
-        descriptor += sizeof(BlockDescriptor1);
-        if ((literal->flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) != 0)
-            descriptor += sizeof(BlockDescriptor2);
-        BlockDescriptor3 *descriptor3(reinterpret_cast<BlockDescriptor3 *>(descriptor));
+static sig::Signature *CYBlockSignature(CYPool &pool, NSBlock *self) {
+    const char *encoding(CYBlockEncoding(self));
+    if (encoding == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    // XXX: this should be stored on a FunctionInstance private value subclass
+    sig::Signature *signature(new(pool) sig::Signature());
+    sig::Parse(pool, signature, encoding, &Structor_);
+    return signature;
+}
 
-        if (const char *type = descriptor3->signature) {
-            CYPool pool;
+static JSValueRef FunctionInstance_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    id self(internal->GetValue());
 
-            void *setup[1];
-            setup[0] = &self;
+    if (const char *encoding = CYBlockEncoding(self)) {
+        CYPool pool;
 
-            sig::Signature signature;
-            sig::Parse(pool, &signature, type, &Structor_);
+        void *setup[1];
+        setup[0] = &self;
 
-            ffi_cif cif;
-            sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
+        sig::Signature signature;
+        sig::Parse(pool, &signature, encoding, &Structor_);
 
-            void (*function)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(literal->invoke);
-            return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 1, setup, count, arguments, false, &signature, &cif, function);
-        }
+        ffi_cif cif;
+        sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &signature, &cif);
+
+        BlockLiteral *literal(reinterpret_cast<BlockLiteral *>(self));
+        void (*function)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(literal->invoke);
+        return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 1, setup, count, arguments, false, &signature, &cif, function);
     }
 
     if (count != 0)
@@ -1966,6 +2022,7 @@ static void CYBitField(unsigned &length, unsigned &shift, id self, Ivar ivar, co
             break;
         else if (ivar_getOffset(ivars[i]) == offset) {
             const char *encoding(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivars[i]));
+            _assert(encoding != NULL);
             _assert(encoding[0] == 'b');
             shift += CYCastDouble(encoding + 1);
         }
@@ -1979,16 +2036,13 @@ static JSValueRef Internal_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     id self(internal->GetValue());
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
 
-#ifdef __arm64__
-    if (strcmp(name, "isa") == 0)
-        return CYCastJSValue(context, object_getClass(self));
-#endif
-
     if (objc_ivar *ivar = object_getInstanceVariable(self, name, NULL)) {
         ptrdiff_t offset(ivar_getOffset(ivar));
         void *data(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + offset);
 
         const char *encoding(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
+        _assert(encoding != NULL);
+        _assert(encoding[0] != '\0');
         if (encoding[0] == 'b') {
             unsigned length, shift;
             CYBitField(length, shift, self, ivar, encoding, offset);
@@ -1997,8 +2051,14 @@ static JSValueRef Internal_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
             uintptr_t mask((1 << length) - 1);
             return CYCastJSValue(context, (field >> shift) & mask);
         } else {
-            Type_privateData type(pool, ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
-            return CYFromFFI(context, type.type_, type.GetFFI(), data);
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__LP64__)
+            // XXX: maybe do even more verifications here
+            if (strcmp(name, "isa") == 0)
+                return CYCastJSValue(context, object_getClass(self));
+#endif
+
+            auto type(new(pool) Type_privateData(encoding));
+            return type->type_->FromFFI(context, type->GetFFI(), data);
         }
     }
 
@@ -2017,6 +2077,7 @@ static bool Internal_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
         void *data(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + offset);
 
         const char *encoding(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
+        _assert(encoding != NULL);
         if (encoding[0] == 'b') {
             unsigned length, shift;
             CYBitField(length, shift, self, ivar, encoding, offset);
@@ -2025,8 +2086,8 @@ static bool Internal_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
             uintptr_t mask((1 << length) - 1);
             field = field & ~(mask << shift) | (uintptr_t(CYCastDouble(context, value)) & mask) << shift;
         } else {
-            Type_privateData type(pool, ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
-            CYPoolFFI(&pool, context, type.type_, type.GetFFI(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + ivar_getOffset(ivar), value);
+            auto type(new(pool) Type_privateData(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar)));
+            type->type_->PoolFFI(&pool, context, type->GetFFI(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + ivar_getOffset(ivar), value);
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -2038,17 +2099,11 @@ static void Internal_getPropertyNames_(Class _class, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRe
     if (Class super = class_getSuperclass(_class))
         Internal_getPropertyNames_(super, names);
 
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
     unsigned int size;
     objc_ivar **data(class_copyIvarList(_class, &size));
     for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
         JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(ivar_getName(data[i])));
     free(data);
-#else
-    if (objc_ivar_list *ivars = _class->ivars)
-        for (int i(0); i != ivars->ivar_count; ++i)
-            JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(ivar_getName(&ivars->ivar_list[i])));
-#endif
 }
 
 static void Internal_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
@@ -2066,15 +2121,19 @@ static JSValueRef Internal_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     return internal->GetOwner();
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
+static bool ObjectiveC_Classes_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
+    CYPool pool;
+    return objc_getClass(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property)) != Nil;
+}
+
 static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
     NSString *name(CYCastNSString(&pool, context, property));
     if (Class _class = NSClassFromString(name))
-        return CYMakeInstance(context, _class, true);
+        return CYMakeInstance(context, _class, Instance::Permanent);
     return NULL;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
 static Class *CYCopyClassList(size_t &size) {
     size = objc_getClassList(NULL, 0);
     Class *data(reinterpret_cast<Class *>(malloc(sizeof(Class) * size)));
@@ -2096,24 +2155,17 @@ static Class *CYCopyClassList(size_t &size) {
         size = writ;
     }
 }
-#endif
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Classes_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     size_t size;
     if (Class *data = CYCopyClassList(size)) {
         for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
             JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(class_getName(data[i])));
         free(data);
     }
-#else
-    void *state(NULL);
-    while (Class _class = objc_next_class(&state))
-        JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(class_getName(_class)));
-#endif
 }
 
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
+#ifdef __APPLE__
 static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     const char *internal(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
 
@@ -2125,7 +2177,7 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSO
     for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
         if (strcmp(name, data[i]) == 0) {
             if (Class _class = objc_getClass(name)) {
-                value = CYMakeInstance(context, _class, true);
+                value = CYMakeInstance(context, _class, Instance::Permanent);
                 goto free;
             } else
                 break;
@@ -2147,22 +2199,20 @@ static void ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSOb
 
 static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Images_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
-    const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
+    CYUTF8String name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
+
     unsigned int size;
     const char **data(objc_copyImageNames(&size));
+    pool.atexit(free, data);
+
     for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
-        if (strcmp(name, data[i]) == 0) {
-            name = data[i];
-            goto free;
+        if (name == data[i]) {
+            JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
+            CYSetProperty(context, value, CYJSString("classes"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_, const_cast<char *>(data[i])));
+            return value;
         }
-    name = NULL;
-  free:
-    free(data);
-    if (name == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
-    CYSetProperty(context, value, CYJSString("classes"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_, const_cast<char *>(name)));
-    return value;
+
+    return NULL;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Images_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
@@ -2178,27 +2228,23 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Protocols_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjec
     CYPool pool;
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
     if (Protocol *protocol = objc_getProtocol(name))
-        return CYMakeInstance(context, protocol, true);
+        return CYMakeInstance(context, protocol, Instance::Permanent);
     return NULL;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Protocols_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
     unsigned int size;
     Protocol **data(objc_copyProtocolList(&size));
     for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
         JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(protocol_getName(data[i])));
     free(data);
-#else
-    // XXX: fix this!
-#endif
 }
 
 static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Constants_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
     CYUTF8String name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
     if (name == "nil")
-        return Instance::Make(context, nil);
+        return CYJSNull(context);
     return NULL;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
@@ -2235,7 +2281,7 @@ static void choose_(task_t task, void *baton, unsigned type, vm_range_t *ranges,
             continue;
 
         uintptr_t *pointers(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t *>(data));
-#ifdef __arm64__
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__LP64__)
         Class isa(reinterpret_cast<Class>(pointers[0] & 0x1fffffff8));
 #else
         Class isa(reinterpret_cast<Class>(pointers[0]));
@@ -2245,8 +2291,14 @@ static void choose_(task_t task, void *baton, unsigned type, vm_range_t *ranges,
         if (result == choice->query_.end())
             continue;
 
-        // XXX: if (size < class_getInstanceSize(*result))
-        if ((class_getInstanceSize(*result) + 15) / 16 * 16 != size)
+        size_t needed(class_getInstanceSize(*result));
+        // XXX: if (size < needed)
+
+        size_t boundary(496);
+#ifdef __LP64__
+        boundary *= 2;
+#endif
+        if (needed <= boundary && (needed + 15) / 16 * 16 != size || needed > boundary && (needed + 511) / 512 * 512 != size)
             continue;
         CYArrayPush(context, choice->results_, CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<id>(data)));
     }
@@ -2256,8 +2308,10 @@ static JSValueRef choose(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _
     if (count != 1)
         throw CYJSError(context, "choose() takes a class argument");
 
+    CYGarbageCollect(context);
+
     CYPool pool;
-    Class _class(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, arguments[0]));
+    id _class(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, arguments[0]));
 
     vm_address_t *zones(NULL);
     unsigned size(0);
@@ -2319,6 +2373,8 @@ static bool stret(ffi_type *ffi_type) {
     );
 }
 #endif
+#else
+#define CY_NO_STRET
 #endif
 
 JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class _class, SEL _cmd, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize) {
@@ -2336,11 +2392,14 @@ JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class _cla
         imp = NULL;
 
         CYPoolTry {
-            NSMethodSignature *method([self methodSignatureForSelector:_cmd]);
-            if (method == nil)
-                throw CYJSError(context, "unrecognized selector %s sent to object %p", sel_getName(_cmd), self);
-            type = CYPoolCString(pool, context, [method _typeString]);
+            if (NSMethodSignature *method = [self methodSignatureForSelector:_cmd])
+                type = CYPoolCString(pool, context, [method _typeString]);
+            else
+                type = NULL;
         } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
+
+        if (type == NULL)
+            throw CYJSError(context, "unrecognized selector %s sent to object %p", sel_getName(_cmd), self);
     }
 
     void *setup[2];
@@ -2359,11 +2418,7 @@ JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class _cla
             sig::Element *element(&elements[index]);
             element->name = NULL;
             element->offset = _not(size_t);
-
-            sig::Type *type(new (pool) sig::Type);
-            memset(type, 0, sizeof(*type));
-            type->primitive = sig::object_P;
-            element->type = type;
+            element->type = new(pool) sig::Object();
         }
 
         signature.elements = elements;
@@ -2371,20 +2426,15 @@ JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class _cla
     }
 
     ffi_cif cif;
-    sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
+    sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &signature, &cif);
 
     if (imp == NULL) {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
 #ifndef CY_NO_STRET
         if (stret(cif.rtype))
             imp = class_getMethodImplementation_stret(_class, _cmd);
         else
 #endif
             imp = class_getMethodImplementation(_class, _cmd);
-#else
-        objc_super super = {self, _class};
-        imp = objc_msg_lookup_super(&super, _cmd);
-#endif
     }
 
     void (*function)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(imp);
@@ -2457,7 +2507,7 @@ static JSValueRef Message_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef objec
 
 static JSObjectRef Super_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 2)
-        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Super constructor");
+        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to objc_super constructor");
     CYPool pool;
     id self(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, arguments[0]));
     Class _class(CYCastClass(pool, context, arguments[1]));
@@ -2473,10 +2523,9 @@ static JSObjectRef Selector_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef Instance_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    if (count > 1)
+    if (count != 1)
         throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Instance constructor");
-    id self(count == 0 ? nil : CYCastPointer<id>(context, arguments[0]));
-    return CYMakeInstance(context, self, false);
+    return CYMakeInstance(context, CYCastPointer<id>(context, arguments[0]));
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef CYValue_getProperty_value(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
@@ -2488,23 +2537,34 @@ static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     CYValue *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYValue *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     Type_privateData *typical(internal->GetType());
 
+    sig::Void XXX;
+
     sig::Type *type;
     ffi_type *ffi;
 
     if (typical == NULL) {
-        type = NULL;
+        type = &XXX;
         ffi = NULL;
     } else {
         type = typical->type_;
         ffi = typical->ffi_;
     }
 
-    return CYMakePointer(context, &internal->value_, _not(size_t), type, ffi, object);
+    return CYMakePointer(context, &internal->value_, _not(size_t), *type, ffi, object);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef FunctionInstance_getProperty_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    CYPool pool;
+    sig::Signature *signature(CYBlockSignature(pool, internal->GetValue()));
+    if (signature == NULL)
+        return CYJSNull(context);
+    return CYMakeType(context, signature);
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_constructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    return Instance::Make(context, (id) object_getClass(internal->GetValue()));
+    return CYMakeInstance(context, object_getClass(internal->GetValue()), Instance::Permanent);
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_prototype(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
@@ -2524,11 +2584,13 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_messages(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRe
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    std::set<void *> *objects(CYCastObjects(context, _this, count, arguments));
+
     if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
         return NULL;
 
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
-    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, CYCastNSCYON(internal->GetValue(), false)));
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, CYCastNSCYON(internal->GetValue(), false, objects)));
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
@@ -2560,6 +2622,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_valueOf(JSContextRef context, JSObject
 
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     id value(internal->GetValue());
+    _assert(value != nil);
 
     if (![value respondsToSelector:@selector(cy$valueOfInContext:)])
         return _this;
@@ -2602,16 +2665,8 @@ static JSValueRef Class_callAsFunction_pointerTo(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
     if (!CYIsClass(value))
         CYThrow("non-Class object cannot be used as Type");
 
-    // XXX: this is a very silly implementation
-
-    std::ostringstream type;
-    type << "@\"";
-    type << class_getName(value);
-    type << "\"";
-
-    CYPoolTry {
-        return CYMakeType(context, type.str().c_str());
-    } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
+    sig::Object type(class_getName(value));
+    return CYMakeType(context, type);
 } CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
@@ -2641,16 +2696,13 @@ static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     Selector_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     SEL sel(internal->GetValue());
 
-    objc_method *method;
-    if (Class _class = CYCastClass(pool, context, arguments[0]))
-        method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel);
-    else
-        method = NULL;
-
-    if (const char *type = CYPoolTypeEncoding(pool, context, sel, method))
-        return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(type));
+    Class _class(_require(CYCastClass(pool, context, arguments[0])));
+    objc_method *method(_require(class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel)));
+    const char *encoding(method_getTypeEncoding(method));
 
-    return CYJSNull(context);
+    sig::Signature signature;
+    sig::Parse(pool, &signature, encoding, &Structor_);
+    return CYMakeType(context, &signature);
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSStaticValue Selector_staticValues[2] = {
@@ -2658,6 +2710,7 @@ static JSStaticValue Selector_staticValues[2] = {
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
+// XXX: this is sadly duplicated in FunctionInstance_staticValues
 static JSStaticValue Instance_staticValues[5] = {
     {"constructor", &Instance_getProperty_constructor, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"messages", &Instance_getProperty_messages, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
@@ -2666,6 +2719,16 @@ static JSStaticValue Instance_staticValues[5] = {
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
+static JSStaticValue FunctionInstance_staticValues[6] = {
+    {"type", &FunctionInstance_getProperty_type, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    // XXX: this is sadly a duplicate of Instance_staticValues
+    {"constructor", &Instance_getProperty_constructor, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"messages", &Instance_getProperty_messages, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"prototype", &Instance_getProperty_prototype, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"value", &CYValue_getProperty_value, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
+
 static JSStaticFunction Instance_staticFunctions[7] = {
     {"$cya", &CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"toCYON", &Instance_callAsFunction_toCYON, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
@@ -2701,22 +2764,21 @@ JSValueRef NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$(id self, SEL sel, JSValueRef key, JSCon
 #endif
 
 void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
-    $objc_setAssociatedObject = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(id, void *, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_setAssociatedObject"));
-    $objc_getAssociatedObject = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, void *)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_getAssociatedObject"));
-    $objc_removeAssociatedObjects = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(id)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_removeAssociatedObjects"));
-
     CYPool &pool(CYGetGlobalPool());
 
-    Object_type = new(pool) Type_privateData("@");
-    Selector_type = new(pool) Type_privateData(":");
+    Object_type = new(pool) Type_privateData(sig::Object());
+    Selector_type = new(pool) Type_privateData(sig::Selector());
 
     NSArray_ = objc_getClass("NSArray");
     NSBlock_ = objc_getClass("NSBlock");
     NSDictionary_ = objc_getClass("NSDictionary");
+    NSNumber_ = objc_getClass("NSNumber");
     NSString_ = objc_getClass("NSString");
     Object_ = objc_getClass("Object");
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
+    __NSMallocBlock__ = objc_getClass("__NSMallocBlock__");
+
     // XXX: apparently, iOS now has both of these
     NSCFBoolean_ = objc_getClass("__NSCFBoolean");
     if (NSCFBoolean_ == nil)
@@ -2725,14 +2787,9 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     NSCFType_ = objc_getClass("NSCFType");
 
     NSZombie_ = objc_getClass("_NSZombie_");
-
-    banned_.insert(Object_);
-    banned_.insert(objc_getClass("__NSAtom"));
-    banned_.insert(objc_getClass("__NSGenericDeallocHandler"));
-    banned_.insert(objc_getClass("NSMessageBuilder"));
-    banned_.insert(objc_getClass("__NSMessageBuilder"));
 #else
     NSBoolNumber_ = objc_getClass("NSBoolNumber");
+    NSZombie_ = objc_getClass("NSZombie");
 #endif
 
     JSClassDefinition definition;
@@ -2747,7 +2804,6 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.deleteProperty = &Instance_deleteProperty;
     definition.getPropertyNames = &Instance_getPropertyNames;
     definition.callAsConstructor = &Instance_callAsConstructor;
-    definition.callAsFunction = &Instance_callAsFunction;
     definition.hasInstance = &Instance_hasInstance;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
     Instance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -2755,8 +2811,11 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.className = "ArrayInstance";
     ArrayInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
-    definition.className = "FunctionInstance";
-    FunctionInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+    definition.className = "BooleanInstance";
+    BooleanInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+    definition.className = "NumberInstance";
+    NumberInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
     definition.className = "ObjectInstance";
     ObjectInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -2764,6 +2823,11 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.className = "StringInstance";
     StringInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
+    definition.className = "FunctionInstance";
+    definition.staticValues = FunctionInstance_staticValues;
+    definition.callAsFunction = &FunctionInstance_callAsFunction;
+    FunctionInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Class";
     definition.staticFunctions = Class_staticFunctions;
@@ -2782,6 +2846,7 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Message";
     definition.staticFunctions = cy::Functor::StaticFunctions;
+    definition.staticValues = cy::Functor::StaticValues;
     definition.callAsFunction = &Message_callAsFunction;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
     Message_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -2791,9 +2856,6 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.hasProperty = &Messages_hasProperty;
     definition.getProperty = &Messages_getProperty;
     definition.setProperty = &Messages_setProperty;
-#if 0 && OBJC_API_VERSION < 2
-    definition.deleteProperty = &Messages_deleteProperty;
-#endif
     definition.getPropertyNames = &Messages_getPropertyNames;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
     Messages_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -2814,6 +2876,7 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "ObjectiveC::Classes";
+    definition.hasProperty = &ObjectiveC_Classes_hasProperty;
     definition.getProperty = &ObjectiveC_Classes_getProperty;
     definition.getPropertyNames = &ObjectiveC_Classes_getPropertyNames;
     ObjectiveC_Classes_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -2824,7 +2887,7 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.getPropertyNames = &ObjectiveC_Constants_getPropertyNames;
     ObjectiveC_Constants_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
+#ifdef __APPLE__
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "ObjectiveC::Images";
     definition.getProperty = &ObjectiveC_Images_getProperty;
@@ -2845,12 +2908,14 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     ObjectiveC_Protocols_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-// XXX: this is horrible; there has to be a better way to do this
-#ifdef __LP64__
-    class_addMethod(NSCFType_, @selector(cy$toJSON:inContext:), reinterpret_cast<IMP>(&NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$), "^{OpaqueJSValue=}32@0:8@16^{OpaqueJSContext=}24");
-#else
-    class_addMethod(NSCFType_, @selector(cy$toJSON:inContext:), reinterpret_cast<IMP>(&NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$), "^{OpaqueJSValue=}16@0:4@8^{OpaqueJSContext=}12");
-#endif
+    class_addMethod(NSCFType_, @selector(cy$toJSON:inContext:), reinterpret_cast<IMP>(&NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$),
+        // XXX: this is horrible; there has to be a better way to do this
+    #ifdef __LP64__
+        "^{OpaqueJSValue=}32@0:8@16^{OpaqueJSContext=}24"
+    #else
+        "^{OpaqueJSValue=}16@0:4@8^{OpaqueJSContext=}12"
+    #endif
+    );
 #endif
 } CYPoolCatch() }
 
@@ -2876,7 +2941,7 @@ void CYObjectiveC_SetupContext(JSContextRef context) { CYPoolTry {
     CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC, CYJSString("constants"), constants);
     CYArrayPush(context, alls, constants);
 
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
+#ifdef __APPLE__
     CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC, CYJSString("images"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Images_, NULL));
 #endif
 
@@ -2893,40 +2958,48 @@ void CYObjectiveC_SetupContext(JSContextRef context) { CYPoolTry {
     JSObjectRef ArrayInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, ArrayInstance, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("ArrayInstance_prototype"), ArrayInstance_prototype);
     JSObjectRef Array_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, ArrayInstance_prototype, Array_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, ArrayInstance_prototype, Array_prototype);
+
+    JSObjectRef BooleanInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, BooleanInstance_, NULL));
+    JSObjectRef BooleanInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, BooleanInstance, prototype_s)));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("BooleanInstance_prototype"), BooleanInstance_prototype);
+    JSObjectRef Boolean_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Boolean_prototype")));
+    CYSetPrototype(context, BooleanInstance_prototype, Boolean_prototype);
 
     JSObjectRef FunctionInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, FunctionInstance_, NULL));
     JSObjectRef FunctionInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, FunctionInstance, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("FunctionInstance_prototype"), FunctionInstance_prototype);
     JSObjectRef Function_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Function_prototype")));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, FunctionInstance_prototype, Function_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, FunctionInstance_prototype, Function_prototype);
+
+    JSObjectRef NumberInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, NumberInstance_, NULL));
+    JSObjectRef NumberInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, NumberInstance, prototype_s)));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("NumberInstance_prototype"), NumberInstance_prototype);
+    JSObjectRef Number_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Number_prototype")));
+    CYSetPrototype(context, NumberInstance_prototype, Number_prototype);
 
     JSObjectRef ObjectInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, ObjectInstance_, NULL));
     JSObjectRef ObjectInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, ObjectInstance, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("ObjectInstance_prototype"), ObjectInstance_prototype);
     JSObjectRef Object_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Object_prototype")));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, ObjectInstance_prototype, Object_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, ObjectInstance_prototype, Object_prototype);
 
     JSObjectRef StringInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, StringInstance_, NULL));
     JSObjectRef StringInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, StringInstance, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("StringInstance_prototype"), StringInstance_prototype);
     JSObjectRef String_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("String_prototype")));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, StringInstance_prototype, String_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, StringInstance_prototype, String_prototype);
 
     JSObjectRef Class_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Class, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Class_prototype"), Class_prototype);
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, Class_prototype, Instance_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, Class_prototype, Instance_prototype);
 
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Instance"), Instance);
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Selector"), Selector);
-    CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Super"), Super);
+    CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("objc_super"), Super);
 
     JSObjectRef box(JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYJSString("box"), &Instance_box_callAsFunction));
-    CYSetProperty(context, Instance, CYJSString("box"), box);
-
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__arm__) && 0
-    CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("objc_registerClassPair"), &objc_registerClassPair_, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
-#endif
+    CYSetProperty(context, Instance, CYJSString("box"), box, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
     CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("choose"), &choose, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
@@ -2934,24 +3007,55 @@ void CYObjectiveC_SetupContext(JSContextRef context) { CYPoolTry {
 
     CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("objc_msgSend"), &$objc_msgSend, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Message, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Selector, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Message, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Selector, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);
+
+    JSObjectRef cache(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("cache")));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cache, CYJSString("YES"), JSValueMakeBoolean(context, true), kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
+    CYSetProperty(context, cache, CYJSString("NO"), JSValueMakeBoolean(context, false), kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
+    CYSetProperty(context, cache, CYJSString("id"), CYMakeType(context, sig::Object()), kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
+    CYSetProperty(context, cache, CYJSString("Class"), CYMakeType(context, sig::Meta()), kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
+    CYSetProperty(context, cache, CYJSString("SEL"), CYMakeType(context, sig::Selector()), kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 } CYPoolCatch() }
 
-static CYHooks CYObjectiveCHooks = {
+static void *CYObjectiveC_CastSymbol(const char *name) {
+    if (false);
+#ifdef __GNU_LIBOBJC__
+    else if (strcmp(name, "object_getClass") == 0)
+        return reinterpret_cast<void *>(&object_getClass);
+#endif
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static CYHook CYObjectiveCHook = {
     &CYObjectiveC_ExecuteStart,
     &CYObjectiveC_ExecuteEnd,
     &CYObjectiveC_CallFunction,
     &CYObjectiveC_Initialize,
     &CYObjectiveC_SetupContext,
-    &CYObjectiveC_PoolFFI,
-    &CYObjectiveC_FromFFI,
+    &CYObjectiveC_CastSymbol,
 };
 
-struct CYObjectiveC {
-    CYObjectiveC() {
-        hooks_ = &CYObjectiveCHooks;
-        // XXX: evil magic juju to make this actually take effect on a Mac when compiled with autoconf/libtool doom!
-        _assert(hooks_ != NULL);
-    }
-} CYObjectiveC;
+CYRegisterHook CYObjectiveC(&CYObjectiveCHook);
+
+_extern void CydgetSetupContext(JSGlobalContextRef context) { CYObjectiveTry_ {
+    CYSetupContext(context);
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
+
+_extern void CydgetMemoryParse(const uint16_t **data, size_t *size) { try {
+    CYPool pool;
+
+    CYUTF8String utf8(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, CYUTF16String(*data, *size)));
+    utf8 = CYPoolCode(pool, utf8);
+
+    CYUTF16String utf16(CYPoolUTF16String(pool, CYUTF8String(utf8.data, utf8.size)));
+    size_t bytes(utf16.size * sizeof(uint16_t));
+    uint16_t *copy(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(malloc(bytes)));
+    memcpy(copy, utf16.data, bytes);
+
+    *data = copy;
+    *size = utf16.size;
+} catch (const CYException &exception) {
+    CYPool pool;
+    @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s", exception.PoolCString(pool)] userInfo:nil];
+} }