X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/a621ae76cc8981ecf39b8f992f5dde39a03846f3..654bf401ac7c3063b503a56e4726317aeab9f6ee:/Execute.cpp

diff --git a/Execute.cpp b/Execute.cpp
index dd25826..4b01924 100644
--- a/Execute.cpp
+++ b/Execute.cpp
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 /* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
- * Copyright (C) 2009-2012  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2013  Jay Freeman (saurik)
 */
 
-/* GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
+/* GNU General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
 /*
- * Cycript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
- * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the
- * Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
- * option) any later version.
+ * Cycript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
  *
- * Cycript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License for more details.
+ * Cycript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
  *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  * along with Cycript.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 **/
 /* }}} */
@@ -22,7 +22,9 @@
 #include "Internal.hpp"
 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <iconv.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "cycript.hpp"
 
@@ -33,9 +35,9 @@
 #include "Execute.hpp"
 
 #include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 
 #include <iostream>
-#include <ext/stdio_filebuf.h>
 #include <set>
 #include <map>
 #include <iomanip>
@@ -43,8 +45,8 @@
 #include <cmath>
 
 #include "Parser.hpp"
-#include "Cycript.tab.hh"
 
+#include "Decode.hpp"
 #include "Error.hpp"
 #include "JavaScript.hpp"
 #include "String.hpp"
@@ -53,29 +55,19 @@ struct CYHooks *hooks_;
 
 /* JavaScript Properties {{{ */
 JSValueRef CYGetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t index) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex(context, object, index, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return value;
+    return _jsccall(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex, context, object, index);
 }
 
 JSValueRef CYGetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef name) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetProperty(context, object, name, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return value;
+    return _jsccall(JSObjectGetProperty, context, object, name);
 }
 
 void CYSetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t index, JSValueRef value) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectSetPropertyAtIndex(context, object, index, value, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    _jsccall(JSObjectSetPropertyAtIndex, context, object, index, value);
 }
 
 void CYSetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef name, JSValueRef value, JSPropertyAttributes attributes) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectSetProperty(context, object, name, value, attributes, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    _jsccall(JSObjectSetProperty, context, object, name, value, attributes);
 }
 
 void CYSetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef name, JSValueRef (*callback)(JSContextRef, JSObjectRef, JSObjectRef, size_t, const JSValueRef[], JSValueRef *), JSPropertyAttributes attributes) {
@@ -99,32 +91,29 @@ JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(CYUTF8String value) {
 JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     if (JSValueIsNull(context, value))
         return NULL;
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSStringRef string(JSValueToStringCopy(context, value, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return string;
+    return _jsccall(JSValueToStringCopy, context, value);
 }
 
 static CYUTF16String CYCastUTF16String(JSStringRef value) {
     return CYUTF16String(JSStringGetCharactersPtr(value), JSStringGetLength(value));
 }
 
-CYUTF8String CYPoolUTF8String(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value) {
+CYUTF8String CYPoolUTF8String(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value) {
     return CYPoolUTF8String(pool, CYCastUTF16String(value));
 }
 
-const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value) {
+const char *CYPoolCString(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value) {
     CYUTF8String utf8(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, value));
     _assert(memchr(utf8.data, '\0', utf8.size) == NULL);
     return utf8.data;
 }
 
-const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+const char *CYPoolCString(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return JSValueIsNull(context, value) ? NULL : CYPoolCString(pool, context, CYJSString(context, value));
 }
 /* }}} */
 /* Index Offsets {{{ */
-size_t CYGetIndex(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value) {
+size_t CYGetIndex(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value) {
     return CYGetIndex(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, value));
 }
 /* }}} */
@@ -138,6 +127,7 @@ static JSClassRef Struct_;
 
 JSStringRef Array_s;
 JSStringRef cy_s;
+JSStringRef cyi_s;
 JSStringRef length_s;
 JSStringRef message_s;
 JSStringRef name_s;
@@ -154,14 +144,14 @@ static JSStringRef Result_;
 
 void CYFinalize(JSObjectRef object) {
     CYData *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    _assert(internal->count_ != _not(unsigned));
     if (--internal->count_ == 0)
         delete internal;
 }
 
-void Structor_(apr_pool_t *pool, sig::Type *&type) {
+void Structor_(CYPool &pool, sig::Type *&type) {
     if (
         type->primitive == sig::pointer_P &&
-        type->data.data.type != NULL &&
         type->data.data.type->primitive == sig::struct_P &&
         type->data.data.type->name != NULL &&
         strcmp(type->data.data.type->name, "_objc_class") == 0
@@ -219,7 +209,7 @@ struct Pointer :
 
     Pointer(void *value, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef owner, size_t length, sig::Type *type) :
         CYOwned(value, context, owner),
-        type_(new(pool_) Type_privateData(type)),
+        type_(new(*pool_) Type_privateData(type)),
         length_(length)
     {
     }
@@ -241,7 +231,7 @@ static TypeMap Types_;
 
 JSObjectRef CYMakeStruct(JSContextRef context, void *data, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, JSObjectRef owner) {
     Struct_privateData *internal(new Struct_privateData(context, owner));
-    apr_pool_t *pool(internal->pool_);
+    CYPool &pool(*internal->pool_);
     Type_privateData *typical(new(pool) Type_privateData(type, ffi));
     internal->type_ = typical;
 
@@ -249,7 +239,7 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeStruct(JSContextRef context, void *data, sig::Type *type, ffi_
         internal->value_ = data;
     else {
         size_t size(typical->GetFFI()->size);
-        void *copy(apr_palloc(internal->pool_, size));
+        void *copy(internal->pool_->malloc<void>(size));
         memcpy(copy, data, size);
         internal->value_ = copy;
     }
@@ -286,10 +276,7 @@ JSValueRef CYJSUndefined(JSContextRef context) {
 }
 
 double CYCastDouble(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    double number(JSValueToNumber(context, value, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return number;
+    return _jsccall(JSValueToNumber, context, value);
 }
 
 bool CYCastBool(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
@@ -309,23 +296,32 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, const char *value) {
 }
 
 JSObjectRef CYCastJSObject(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectRef object(JSValueToObject(context, value, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return object;
+    return _jsccall(JSValueToObject, context, value);
 }
 
 JSValueRef CYCallAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[]) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectCallAsFunction(context, function, _this, count, arguments, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return value;
+    return _jsccall(JSObjectCallAsFunction, context, function, _this, count, arguments);
 }
 
 bool CYIsCallable(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return value != NULL && JSValueIsObject(context, value) && JSObjectIsFunction(context, (JSObjectRef) value);
 }
 
+size_t CYArrayLength(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef array) {
+    return CYCastDouble(context, CYGetProperty(context, array, length_s));
+}
+
+JSValueRef CYArrayGet(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef array, size_t index) {
+    return _jsccall(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex, context, array, index);
+}
+
+void CYArrayPush(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef array, JSValueRef value) {
+    JSValueRef arguments[1];
+    arguments[0] = value;
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
+    _jsccall(JSObjectCallAsFunction, context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array, push_s)), array, 1, arguments);
+}
+
 static JSValueRef System_print(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count == 0)
         printf("\n");
@@ -335,22 +331,28 @@ static JSValueRef System_print(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjec
     }
 
     return CYJSUndefined(context);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static size_t Nonce_(0);
 
-static JSValueRef $cyq(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef $cyq(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
-    const char *name(apr_psprintf(pool, "%s%"APR_SIZE_T_FMT"", CYPoolCString(pool, context, arguments[0]), Nonce_++));
+    const char *name(pool.strcat(CYPoolCString(pool, context, arguments[0]), pool.itoa(Nonce_++), NULL));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, name);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static void (*JSSynchronousGarbageCollectForDebugging$)(JSContextRef);
+
+void CYGarbageCollect(JSContextRef context) {
+    (JSSynchronousGarbageCollectForDebugging$ ?: &JSGarbageCollect)(context);
 }
 
-static JSValueRef Cycript_gc_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
-    JSGarbageCollect(context);
+static JSValueRef Cycript_gc_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    CYGarbageCollect(context);
     return CYJSUndefined(context);
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-const char *CYPoolCCYON(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+const char *CYPoolCCYON(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     switch (JSType type = JSValueGetType(context, value)) {
         case kJSTypeUndefined:
             return "undefined";
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@ const char *CYPoolCCYON(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value
             std::ostringstream str;
             CYNumerify(str, CYCastDouble(context, value));
             std::string value(str.str());
-            return apr_pstrmemdup(pool, value.c_str(), value.size());
+            return pool.strmemdup(value.c_str(), value.size());
         } break;
 
         case kJSTypeString: {
@@ -371,7 +373,7 @@ const char *CYPoolCCYON(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value
             CYUTF8String string(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, CYJSString(context, value)));
             CYStringify(str, string.data, string.size);
             std::string value(str.str());
-            return apr_pstrmemdup(pool, value.c_str(), value.size());
+            return pool.strmemdup(value.c_str(), value.size());
         } break;
 
         case kJSTypeObject:
@@ -379,16 +381,13 @@ const char *CYPoolCCYON(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value
         default:
             throw CYJSError(context, "JSValueGetType() == 0x%x", type);
     }
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-const char *CYPoolCCYON(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    const char *cyon(CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, value, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return cyon;
+const char *CYPoolCCYON(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    return _jsccall(CYPoolCCYON, pool, context, value);
 }
 
-const char *CYPoolCCYON(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
+const char *CYPoolCCYON(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
     JSValueRef toCYON(CYGetProperty(context, object, toCYON_s));
     if (CYIsCallable(context, toCYON)) {
         JSValueRef value(CYCallAsFunction(context, (JSObjectRef) toCYON, object, 0, NULL));
@@ -399,10 +398,7 @@ const char *CYPoolCCYON(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef obje
     JSValueRef toJSON(CYGetProperty(context, object, toJSON_s));
     if (CYIsCallable(context, toJSON)) {
         JSValueRef arguments[1] = {CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(""))};
-        JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-        const char *cyon(CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, CYCallAsFunction(context, (JSObjectRef) toJSON, object, 1, arguments), &exception));
-        CYThrow(context, exception);
-        return cyon;
+        return _jsccall(CYPoolCCYON, pool, context, CYCallAsFunction(context, (JSObjectRef) toJSON, object, 1, arguments));
     }
 
     if (JSObjectIsFunction(context, object)) {
@@ -425,29 +421,35 @@ const char *CYPoolCCYON(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef obje
     bool comma(false);
 
     for (size_t index(0), count(JSPropertyNameArrayGetCount(names)); index != count; ++index) {
-        JSStringRef name(JSPropertyNameArrayGetNameAtIndex(names, index));
-        JSValueRef value(CYGetProperty(context, object, name));
-
         if (comma)
             str << ',';
         else
             comma = true;
 
+        JSStringRef name(JSPropertyNameArrayGetNameAtIndex(names, index));
         CYUTF8String string(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, name));
+
         if (CYIsKey(string))
             str << string.data;
         else
             CYStringify(str, string.data, string.size);
 
-        str << ':' << CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, value);
-    }
+        str << ':';
 
-    str << '}';
+        try {
+            JSValueRef value(CYGetProperty(context, object, name));
+            str << CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, value);
+        } catch (const CYException &error) {
+            str << "@error";
+        }
+    }
 
     JSPropertyNameArrayRelease(names);
 
+    str << '}';
+
     std::string string(str.str());
-    return apr_pstrmemdup(pool, string.c_str(), string.size());
+    return pool.strmemdup(string.c_str(), string.size());
 }
 
 static JSValueRef Array_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
@@ -460,18 +462,21 @@ static JSValueRef Array_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     bool comma(false);
 
     for (size_t index(0), count(CYCastDouble(context, length)); index != count; ++index) {
-        JSValueRef value(CYGetProperty(context, _this, index));
-
         if (comma)
             str << ',';
         else
             comma = true;
 
-        if (!JSValueIsUndefined(context, value))
-            str << CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, value);
-        else {
-            str << ',';
-            comma = false;
+        try {
+            JSValueRef value(CYGetProperty(context, _this, index));
+            if (!JSValueIsUndefined(context, value))
+                str << CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, value);
+            else {
+                str << ',';
+                comma = false;
+            }
+        } catch (const CYException &error) {
+            str << "@error";
         }
     }
 
@@ -479,7 +484,7 @@ static JSValueRef Array_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
 
     std::string value(str.str());
     return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(CYUTF8String(value.c_str(), value.size())));
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef String_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
@@ -490,18 +495,18 @@ static JSValueRef String_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
 
     std::string value(str.str());
     return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(CYUTF8String(value.c_str(), value.size())));
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 JSObjectRef CYMakePointer(JSContextRef context, void *pointer, size_t length, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, JSObjectRef owner) {
     Pointer *internal(new Pointer(pointer, context, owner, length, type));
     return JSObjectMake(context, Pointer_, internal);
 }
 
-static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, void (*function)(), const char *type) {
-    return JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, new cy::Functor(type, function));
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, void (*function)(), const sig::Signature &signature) {
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, new cy::Functor(signature, function));
 }
 
-static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, const char *symbol, const char *type, void **cache) {
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, const char *symbol, const char *encoding, void **cache) {
     cy::Functor *internal;
     if (*cache != NULL)
         internal = reinterpret_cast<cy::Functor *>(*cache);
@@ -510,7 +515,7 @@ static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, const char *symbol, const
         if (function == NULL)
             return NULL;
 
-        internal = new cy::Functor(type, function);
+        internal = new cy::Functor(encoding, function);
         *cache = internal;
     }
 
@@ -518,7 +523,7 @@ static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, const char *symbol, const
     return JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, internal);
 }
 
-static bool CYGetOffset(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value, ssize_t &index) {
+static bool CYGetOffset(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value, ssize_t &index) {
     return CYGetOffset(CYPoolCString(pool, context, value), index);
 }
 
@@ -546,7 +551,7 @@ void *CYCastPointer_(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     }
 }
 
-void CYPoolFFI(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) {
+void CYPoolFFI(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) {
     switch (type->primitive) {
         case sig::boolean_P:
             *reinterpret_cast<bool *>(data) = JSValueToBoolean(context, value);
@@ -596,7 +601,8 @@ void CYPoolFFI(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type
         break;
 
         case sig::string_P:
-            *reinterpret_cast<const char **>(data) = CYPoolCString(pool, context, value);
+            _assert(pool != NULL);
+            *reinterpret_cast<const char **>(data) = CYPoolCString(*pool, context, value);
         break;
 
         case sig::struct_P: {
@@ -715,12 +721,12 @@ static void FunctionClosure_(ffi_cif *cif, void *result, void **arguments, void
     CYExecuteClosure(cif, result, arguments, arg, &FunctionAdapter_);
 }
 
-Closure_privateData *CYMakeFunctor_(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, const char *type, void (*callback)(ffi_cif *, void *, void **, void *)) {
+Closure_privateData *CYMakeFunctor_(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, const sig::Signature &signature, void (*callback)(ffi_cif *, void *, void **, void *)) {
     // XXX: in case of exceptions this will leak
     // XXX: in point of fact, this may /need/ to leak :(
-    Closure_privateData *internal(new Closure_privateData(context, function, type));
+    Closure_privateData *internal(new Closure_privateData(context, function, signature));
 
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__arm__)
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && (defined(__arm__) || defined(__arm64__))
     void *executable;
     ffi_closure *writable(reinterpret_cast<ffi_closure *>(ffi_closure_alloc(sizeof(ffi_closure), &executable)));
 
@@ -746,8 +752,8 @@ Closure_privateData *CYMakeFunctor_(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function,
     return internal;
 }
 
-static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, const char *type) {
-    Closure_privateData *internal(CYMakeFunctor_(context, function, type, &FunctionClosure_));
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, const sig::Signature &signature) {
+    Closure_privateData *internal(CYMakeFunctor_(context, function, signature, &FunctionClosure_));
     JSObjectRef object(JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, internal));
     // XXX: see above notes about needing to leak
     JSValueProtect(CYGetJSContext(context), object);
@@ -758,23 +764,20 @@ JSObjectRef CYGetCachedObject(JSContextRef context, JSStringRef name) {
     return CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, CYGetGlobalObject(context), cy_s)), name));
 }
 
-static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, const char *type) {
+static JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, const sig::Signature &signature) {
     JSObjectRef Function(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Function")));
 
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    bool function(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor(context, value, Function, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-
+    bool function(_jsccall(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor, context, value, Function));
     if (function) {
         JSObjectRef function(CYCastJSObject(context, value));
-        return CYMakeFunctor(context, function, type);
+        return CYMakeFunctor(context, function, signature);
     } else {
         void (*function)()(CYCastPointer<void (*)()>(context, value));
-        return CYMakeFunctor(context, function, type);
+        return CYMakeFunctor(context, function, signature);
     }
 }
 
-static bool Index_(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, Struct_privateData *internal, JSStringRef property, ssize_t &index, uint8_t *&base) {
+static bool Index_(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, Struct_privateData *internal, JSStringRef property, ssize_t &index, uint8_t *&base) {
     Type_privateData *typical(internal->type_);
     sig::Type *type(typical->type_);
     if (type == NULL)
@@ -825,9 +828,9 @@ static JSValueRef Pointer_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
         return internal->length_ == _not(size_t) ? CYJSUndefined(context) : CYCastJSValue(context, internal->length_);
 
     Type_privateData *typical(internal->type_);
-
     if (typical->type_ == NULL)
         return NULL;
+    sig::Type &type(*typical->type_);
 
     ssize_t offset;
     if (JSStringIsEqualToUTF8CString(property, "$cyi"))
@@ -835,14 +838,17 @@ static JSValueRef Pointer_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     else if (!CYGetOffset(pool, context, property, offset))
         return NULL;
 
+    if (type.primitive == sig::function_P)
+        return CYMakeFunctor(context, reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(internal->value_), type.data.signature);
+
     ffi_type *ffi(typical->GetFFI());
 
     uint8_t *base(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(internal->value_));
     base += ffi->size * offset;
 
     JSObjectRef owner(internal->GetOwner() ?: object);
-    return CYFromFFI(context, typical->type_, ffi, base, false, owner);
-} CYCatch }
+    return CYFromFFI(context, &type, ffi, base, false, owner);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool Pointer_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
@@ -850,13 +856,13 @@ static bool Pointer_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStri
     Type_privateData *typical(internal->type_);
 
     if (typical->type_ == NULL)
-        return NULL;
+        return false;
 
     ssize_t offset;
     if (JSStringIsEqualToUTF8CString(property, "$cyi"))
         offset = 0;
     else if (!CYGetOffset(pool, context, property, offset))
-        return NULL;
+        return false;
 
     ffi_type *ffi(typical->GetFFI());
 
@@ -865,13 +871,13 @@ static bool Pointer_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStri
 
     CYPoolFFI(NULL, context, typical->type_, ffi, base, value);
     return true;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(false) }
 
-static JSValueRef Struct_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Struct_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Struct_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Struct_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     Type_privateData *typical(internal->type_);
     return CYMakePointer(context, internal->value_, _not(size_t), typical->type_, typical->ffi_, _this);
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Struct_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
@@ -887,7 +893,7 @@ static JSValueRef Struct_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, J
     JSObjectRef owner(internal->GetOwner() ?: object);
 
     return CYFromFFI(context, typical->type_->data.signature.elements[index].type, typical->GetFFI()->elements[index], base, false, owner);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool Struct_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
@@ -902,7 +908,7 @@ static bool Struct_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStrin
 
     CYPoolFFI(NULL, context, typical->type_->data.signature.elements[index].type, typical->GetFFI()->elements[index], base, value);
     return true;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(false) }
 
 static void Struct_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     Struct_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Struct_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -930,7 +936,7 @@ static void Struct_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JS
     }
 }
 
-JSValueRef CYCallFunction(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, size_t setups, void *setup[], size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize, JSValueRef *exception, sig::Signature *signature, ffi_cif *cif, void (*function)()) { CYTry {
+JSValueRef CYCallFunction(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, size_t setups, void *setup[], size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize, sig::Signature *signature, ffi_cif *cif, void (*function)()) {
     if (setups + count != signature->count - 1)
         throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to ffi function");
 
@@ -943,7 +949,7 @@ JSValueRef CYCallFunction(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, size_t setups,
         ffi_type *ffi(cif->arg_types[index]);
         // XXX: alignment?
         values[index] = new(pool) uint8_t[ffi->size];
-        CYPoolFFI(pool, context, element->type, ffi, values[index], arguments[index - setups]);
+        CYPoolFFI(&pool, context, element->type, ffi, values[index], arguments[index - setups]);
     }
 
     uint8_t value[cif->rtype->size];
@@ -954,16 +960,16 @@ JSValueRef CYCallFunction(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, size_t setups,
         ffi_call(cif, function, value, values);
 
     return CYFromFFI(context, signature->elements[0].type, cif->rtype, value, initialize);
-} CYCatch }
+}
 
-static JSValueRef Functor_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Functor_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
     cy::Functor *internal(reinterpret_cast<cy::Functor *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 0, NULL, count, arguments, false, exception, &internal->signature_, &internal->cif_, internal->GetValue());
-}
+    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 0, NULL, count, arguments, false, &internal->signature_, &internal->cif_, internal->GetValue());
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-JSObjectRef CYMakeType(JSContextRef context, const char *type) {
-    Type_privateData *internal(new Type_privateData(type));
+JSObjectRef CYMakeType(JSContextRef context, const char *encoding) {
+    Type_privateData *internal(new Type_privateData(encoding));
     return JSObjectMake(context, Type_privateData::Class_, internal);
 }
 
@@ -972,6 +978,19 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeType(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type) {
     return JSObjectMake(context, Type_privateData::Class_, internal);
 }
 
+JSObjectRef CYMakeType(JSContextRef context, sig::Signature *signature) {
+    CYPool pool;
+
+    sig::Type type;
+    type.name = NULL;
+    type.flags = 0;
+
+    type.primitive = sig::function_P;
+    sig::Copy(pool, type.data.signature, *signature);
+
+    return CYMakeType(context, &type);
+}
+
 static JSValueRef All_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     JSObjectRef global(CYGetGlobalObject(context));
     JSObjectRef cycript(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Cycript"))));
@@ -1020,7 +1039,7 @@ static JSValueRef All_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSSt
     }
 
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void All_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     JSObjectRef global(CYGetGlobalObject(context));
@@ -1049,7 +1068,7 @@ static JSObjectRef Pointer_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t
     sig::Parse(pool, &signature, type, &Structor_);
 
     return CYMakePointer(context, value, _not(size_t), signature.elements[0].type, NULL, NULL);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef Type_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 1)
@@ -1057,7 +1076,39 @@ static JSObjectRef Type_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t cou
     CYPool pool;
     const char *type(CYPoolCString(pool, context, arguments[0]));
     return CYMakeType(context, type);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_$With(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], sig::Primitive primitive, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+
+    CYPool pool;
+
+    sig::Type type;
+    type.name = NULL;
+    type.flags = 0;
+
+    type.primitive = primitive;
+    type.data.signature.elements = new(pool) sig::Element[1 + count];
+    type.data.signature.count = 1 + count;
+
+    type.data.signature.elements[0].name = NULL;
+    type.data.signature.elements[0].type = internal->type_;
+    type.data.signature.elements[0].offset = _not(size_t);
+
+    for (size_t i(0); i != count; ++i) {
+        sig::Element &element(type.data.signature.elements[i + 1]);
+        element.name = NULL;
+        element.offset = _not(size_t);
+
+        JSObjectRef object(CYCastJSObject(context, arguments[i]));
+        _assert(JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, Type_privateData::Class_));
+        Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+
+        element.type = internal->type_;
+    }
+
+    return CYMakeType(context, &type);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_arrayOf(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 1)
@@ -1078,7 +1129,11 @@ static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_arrayOf(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     type.data.data.size = index;
 
     return CYMakeType(context, &type);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_blockWith(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    return Type_callAsFunction_$With(context, object, _this, count, arguments, sig::block_P, exception);
+}
 
 static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_constant(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 0)
@@ -1088,7 +1143,83 @@ static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_constant(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     sig::Type type(*internal->type_);
     type.flags |= JOC_TYPE_CONST;
     return CYMakeType(context, &type);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_long(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    if (count != 0)
+        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Type.long");
+    Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+
+    sig::Type type(*internal->type_);
+
+    switch (type.primitive) {
+        case sig::short_P: type.primitive = sig::int_P; break;
+        case sig::int_P: type.primitive = sig::long_P; break;
+        case sig::long_P: type.primitive = sig::longlong_P; break;
+        default: throw CYJSError(context, "invalid type argument to Type.long");
+    }
+
+    return CYMakeType(context, &type);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_short(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    if (count != 0)
+        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Type.short");
+    Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+
+    sig::Type type(*internal->type_);
+
+    switch (type.primitive) {
+        case sig::int_P: type.primitive = sig::short_P; break;
+        case sig::long_P: type.primitive = sig::int_P; break;
+        case sig::longlong_P: type.primitive = sig::long_P; break;
+        default: throw CYJSError(context, "invalid type argument to Type.short");
+    }
+
+    return CYMakeType(context, &type);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_signed(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    if (count != 0)
+        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Type.signed");
+    Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+
+    sig::Type type(*internal->type_);
+
+    switch (type.primitive) {
+        case sig::char_P: case sig::uchar_P: type.primitive = sig::char_P; break;
+        case sig::short_P: case sig::ushort_P: type.primitive = sig::short_P; break;
+        case sig::int_P: case sig::uint_P: type.primitive = sig::int_P; break;
+        case sig::long_P: case sig::ulong_P: type.primitive = sig::long_P; break;
+        case sig::longlong_P: case sig::ulonglong_P: type.primitive = sig::longlong_P; break;
+        default: throw CYJSError(context, "invalid type argument to Type.signed");
+    }
+
+    return CYMakeType(context, &type);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_unsigned(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    if (count != 0)
+        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Type.unsigned");
+    Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+
+    sig::Type type(*internal->type_);
+
+    switch (type.primitive) {
+        case sig::char_P: case sig::uchar_P: type.primitive = sig::uchar_P; break;
+        case sig::short_P: case sig::ushort_P: type.primitive = sig::ushort_P; break;
+        case sig::int_P: case sig::uint_P: type.primitive = sig::uint_P; break;
+        case sig::long_P: case sig::ulong_P: type.primitive = sig::ulong_P; break;
+        case sig::longlong_P: case sig::ulonglong_P: type.primitive = sig::ulonglong_P; break;
+        default: throw CYJSError(context, "invalid type argument to Type.unsigned");
+    }
+
+    return CYMakeType(context, &type);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_functionWith(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    return Type_callAsFunction_$With(context, object, _this, count, arguments, sig::function_P, exception);
+}
 
 static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_pointerTo(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 0)
@@ -1097,14 +1228,21 @@ static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_pointerTo(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRe
 
     sig::Type type;
     type.name = NULL;
-    type.flags = 0;
 
-    type.primitive = sig::pointer_P;
-    type.data.data.type = internal->type_;
-    type.data.data.size = 0;
+    if (internal->type_->primitive == sig::char_P) {
+        type.flags = internal->type_->flags;
+        type.primitive = sig::string_P;
+        type.data.data.type = NULL;
+        type.data.data.size = 0;
+    } else {
+        type.flags = 0;
+        type.primitive = sig::pointer_P;
+        type.data.data.type = internal->type_;
+        type.data.data.size = 0;
+    }
 
     return CYMakeType(context, &type);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_withName(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 1)
@@ -1117,21 +1255,24 @@ static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_withName(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     sig::Type type(*internal->type_);
     type.name = name;
     return CYMakeType(context, &type);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 1)
         throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to type cast function");
     Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
 
+    if (internal->type_->primitive == sig::function_P)
+        return CYMakeFunctor(context, arguments[0], internal->type_->data.signature);
+
     sig::Type *type(internal->type_);
     ffi_type *ffi(internal->GetFFI());
     // XXX: alignment?
     uint8_t value[ffi->size];
     CYPool pool;
-    CYPoolFFI(pool, context, type, ffi, value, arguments[0]);
+    CYPoolFFI(&pool, context, type, ffi, value, arguments[0]);
     return CYFromFFI(context, type, ffi, value);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef Type_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 0)
@@ -1148,22 +1289,24 @@ static JSObjectRef Type_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef obje
         type = type->data.data.type;
     }
 
-    void *value(malloc(internal->GetFFI()->size));
+    void *value(calloc(1, internal->GetFFI()->size));
     return CYMakePointer(context, value, length, type, NULL, NULL);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef Functor_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 2)
         throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Functor constructor");
     CYPool pool;
-    const char *type(CYPoolCString(pool, context, arguments[1]));
-    return CYMakeFunctor(context, arguments[0], type);
-} CYCatch }
+    const char *encoding(CYPoolCString(pool, context, arguments[1]));
+    sig::Signature signature;
+    sig::Parse(pool, &signature, encoding, &Structor_);
+    return CYMakeFunctor(context, arguments[0], signature);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_valueOf(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYValue *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYValue *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(internal->value_));
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     return CYValue_callAsFunction_valueOf(context, object, _this, count, arguments, exception);
@@ -1174,7 +1317,7 @@ static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRe
     char string[32];
     sprintf(string, "%p", internal->value_);
     return CYCastJSValue(context, string);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Pointer_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Pointer *internal(reinterpret_cast<Pointer *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
@@ -1182,44 +1325,62 @@ static JSValueRef Pointer_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRe
         JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
         JSObjectRef toCYON(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array, toCYON_s)));
         return CYCallAsFunction(context, toCYON, _this, count, arguments);
-    } else {
+    } else if (internal->type_->type_ == NULL) pointer: {
         char string[32];
         sprintf(string, "%p", internal->value_);
         return CYCastJSValue(context, string);
+    } try {
+        JSValueRef value(CYGetProperty(context, _this, cyi_s));
+        if (JSValueIsUndefined(context, value))
+            goto pointer;
+        CYPool pool;
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, pool.strcat("&", CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, value), NULL));
+    } catch (const CYException &e) {
+        goto pointer;
     }
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Type_getProperty_alignment(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Pointer_getProperty_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    Pointer *internal(reinterpret_cast<Pointer *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    return CYMakeType(context, internal->type_->type_);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Functor_getProperty_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    cy::Functor *internal(reinterpret_cast<cy::Functor *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    return CYMakeType(context, &internal->signature_);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Type_getProperty_alignment(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, internal->GetFFI()->alignment);
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Type_getProperty_name(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Type_getProperty_name(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, internal->type_->name);
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Type_getProperty_size(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Type_getProperty_size(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, internal->GetFFI()->size);
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     CYPool pool;
     const char *type(sig::Unparse(pool, internal->type_));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(type));
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Type_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Type_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
-    CYPool pool;
-    const char *type(sig::Unparse(pool, internal->type_));
-    std::ostringstream str;
-    CYStringify(str, type, strlen(type));
-    char *cyon(apr_pstrcat(pool, "new Type(", str.str().c_str(), ")", NULL));
-    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(cyon));
-} CYCatch }
+    CYLocalPool pool;
+    std::ostringstream out;
+    CYOptions options;
+    CYOutput output(out, options);
+    (new(pool) CYEncodedType(Decode(pool, internal->type_)))->Output(output, CYNoFlags);
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(out.str().c_str()));
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Type_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     return Type_callAsFunction_toString(context, object, _this, count, arguments, exception);
@@ -1232,6 +1393,11 @@ static JSStaticFunction Pointer_staticFunctions[4] = {
     {NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
+static JSStaticValue Pointer_staticValues[2] = {
+    {"type", &Pointer_getProperty_type, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
+
 static JSStaticFunction Struct_staticFunctions[2] = {
     {"$cya", &Struct_callAsFunction_$cya, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {NULL, NULL, 0}
@@ -1248,6 +1414,11 @@ namespace cy {
     JSStaticFunction const * const Functor::StaticFunctions = Functor_staticFunctions;
 }
 
+static JSStaticValue Functor_staticValues[2] = {
+    {"type", &Functor_getProperty_type, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
+
 static JSStaticValue Type_staticValues[4] = {
     {"alignment", &Type_getProperty_alignment, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"name", &Type_getProperty_name, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
@@ -1255,14 +1426,20 @@ static JSStaticValue Type_staticValues[4] = {
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
-static JSStaticFunction Type_staticFunctions[8] = {
+static JSStaticFunction Type_staticFunctions[14] = {
     {"arrayOf", &Type_callAsFunction_arrayOf, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"blockWith", &Type_callAsFunction_blockWith, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"constant", &Type_callAsFunction_constant, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"functionWith", &Type_callAsFunction_functionWith, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"long", &Type_callAsFunction_long, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"pointerTo", &Type_callAsFunction_pointerTo, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"short", &Type_callAsFunction_short, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"signed", &Type_callAsFunction_signed, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"withName", &Type_callAsFunction_withName, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"toCYON", &Type_callAsFunction_toCYON, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"toJSON", &Type_callAsFunction_toJSON, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"toString", &Type_callAsFunction_toString, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"unsigned", &Type_callAsFunction_unsigned, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
@@ -1275,11 +1452,9 @@ void CYSetArgs(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
         args[i] = CYCastJSValue(context, argv[i]);
 
     JSObjectRef array;
-    if (JSObjectMakeArray$ != NULL) {
-        JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-        array = (*JSObjectMakeArray$)(context, argc, args, &exception);
-        CYThrow(context, exception);
-    } else {
+    if (JSObjectMakeArray$ != NULL)
+        array = _jsccall(*JSObjectMakeArray$, context, argc, args);
+    else {
         JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array")));
         JSValueRef value(CYCallAsFunction(context, Array, NULL, argc, args));
         array = CYCastJSObject(context, value);
@@ -1293,19 +1468,33 @@ JSObjectRef CYGetGlobalObject(JSContextRef context) {
     return JSContextGetGlobalObject(context);
 }
 
-const char *CYExecute(apr_pool_t *pool, CYUTF8String code) {
-    JSContextRef context(CYGetJSContext());
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL), result;
+class ExecutionHandle {
+  private:
+    JSContextRef context_;
+    void *handle_;
 
-    void *handle;
-    if (hooks_ != NULL && hooks_->ExecuteStart != NULL)
-        handle = (*hooks_->ExecuteStart)(context);
-    else
-        handle = NULL;
+  public:
+    ExecutionHandle(JSContextRef context) :
+        context_(context)
+    {
+        if (hooks_ != NULL && hooks_->ExecuteStart != NULL)
+            handle_ = (*hooks_->ExecuteStart)(context_);
+        else
+            handle_ = NULL;
+    }
+
+    ~ExecutionHandle() {
+        if (hooks_ != NULL && hooks_->ExecuteEnd != NULL)
+            (*hooks_->ExecuteEnd)(context_, handle_);
+    }
+};
+
+const char *CYExecute(JSContextRef context, CYPool &pool, CYUTF8String code) {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
 
-    const char *json;
+    ExecutionHandle handle(context);
 
-    try {
+    JSValueRef result; try {
         result = JSEvaluateScript(context, CYJSString(code), NULL, NULL, 0, &exception);
     } catch (const char *error) {
         return error;
@@ -1317,7 +1506,7 @@ const char *CYExecute(apr_pool_t *pool, CYUTF8String code) {
     if (JSValueIsUndefined(context, result))
         return NULL;
 
-    try {
+    const char *json; try {
         json = CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, result, &exception);
     } catch (const char *error) {
         return error;
@@ -1328,15 +1517,9 @@ const char *CYExecute(apr_pool_t *pool, CYUTF8String code) {
 
     CYSetProperty(context, CYGetGlobalObject(context), Result_, result);
 
-    if (hooks_ != NULL && hooks_->ExecuteEnd != NULL)
-        (*hooks_->ExecuteEnd)(context, handle);
     return json;
 }
 
-extern "C" void CydgetSetupContext(JSGlobalContextRef context) {
-    CYSetupContext(context);
-}
-
 static bool initialized_ = false;
 
 void CYInitializeDynamic() {
@@ -1344,9 +1527,8 @@ void CYInitializeDynamic() {
         initialized_ = true;
     else return;
 
-    CYInitializeStatic();
-
     JSObjectMakeArray$ = reinterpret_cast<JSObjectRef (*)(JSContextRef, size_t, const JSValueRef[], JSValueRef *)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "JSObjectMakeArray"));
+    JSSynchronousGarbageCollectForDebugging$ = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(JSContextRef)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "JSSynchronousGarbageCollectForDebugging"));
 
     JSClassDefinition definition;
 
@@ -1364,6 +1546,7 @@ void CYInitializeDynamic() {
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Functor";
     definition.staticFunctions = cy::Functor::StaticFunctions;
+    definition.staticValues = Functor_staticValues;
     definition.callAsFunction = &Functor_callAsFunction;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
     Functor_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -1371,6 +1554,7 @@ void CYInitializeDynamic() {
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Pointer";
     definition.staticFunctions = Pointer_staticFunctions;
+    definition.staticValues = Pointer_staticValues;
     definition.getProperty = &Pointer_getProperty;
     definition.setProperty = &Pointer_setProperty;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
@@ -1401,6 +1585,7 @@ void CYInitializeDynamic() {
 
     Array_s = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("Array");
     cy_s = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("$cy");
+    cyi_s = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("$cyi");
     length_s = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("length");
     message_s = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("message");
     name_s = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("name");
@@ -1424,7 +1609,7 @@ void CYThrow(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
         throw CYJSError(context, value);
 }
 
-const char *CYJSError::PoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool) const {
+const char *CYJSError::PoolCString(CYPool &pool) const {
     // XXX: this used to be CYPoolCString
     return CYPoolCCYON(pool, context_, value_);
 }
@@ -1436,14 +1621,8 @@ JSValueRef CYJSError::CastJSValue(JSContextRef context) const {
 
 JSValueRef CYCastJSError(JSContextRef context, const char *message) {
     JSObjectRef Error(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Error")));
-
     JSValueRef arguments[1] = {CYCastJSValue(context, message)};
-
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectCallAsConstructor(context, Error, 1, arguments, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-
-    return value;
+    return _jsccall(JSObjectCallAsConstructor, context, Error, 1, arguments);
 }
 
 JSValueRef CYPoolError::CastJSValue(JSContextRef context) const {
@@ -1457,7 +1636,8 @@ CYJSError::CYJSError(JSContextRef context, const char *format, ...) {
 
     va_list args;
     va_start(args, format);
-    const char *message(apr_pvsprintf(pool, format, args));
+    // XXX: there might be a beter way to think about this
+    const char *message(pool.vsprintf(64, format, args));
     va_end(args);
 
     value_ = CYCastJSError(context, message);
@@ -1467,9 +1647,114 @@ JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext(JSContextRef context) {
     return reinterpret_cast<Context *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, CYGetGlobalObject(context), cy_s))))->context_;
 }
 
-extern "C" void CYSetupContext(JSGlobalContextRef context) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+extern "C" bool CydgetMemoryParse(const uint16_t **data, size_t *size);
+
+void *CYMapFile(const char *path, size_t *psize) {
+    int fd;
+    _syscall(fd = open(path, O_RDONLY));
+
+    struct stat stat;
+    _syscall(fstat(fd, &stat));
+    size_t size(stat.st_size);
+
+    *psize = size;
+
+    void *base;
+    _syscall(base = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0));
+
+    _syscall(close(fd));
+    return base;
+}
+
+static void CYRunSetups(JSContextRef context) {
+    std::string folder("/etc/cycript/setup.d");
+    DIR *setups(opendir(folder.c_str()));
+    if (setups == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    for (;;) {
+        dirent setup;
+        dirent *result;
+        _syscall(readdir_r(setups, &setup, &result));
+
+        if (result == NULL)
+            break;
+        _assert(result == &setup);
+
+        const char *name(setup.d_name);
+        size_t length(strlen(name));
+        if (length < 4)
+            continue;
+
+        if (name[0] == '.')
+            continue;
+        if (memcmp(name + length - 3, ".cy", 3) != 0)
+            continue;
+
+        std::string script(folder + "/" + name);
+        CYUTF8String utf8;
+        utf8.data = reinterpret_cast<char *>(CYMapFile(script.c_str(), &utf8.size));
+
+        CYPool pool;
+        CYUTF16String utf16(CYPoolUTF16String(pool, utf8));
+        munmap(const_cast<char *>(utf8.data), utf8.size);
+
+        // XXX: this should not be used
+        CydgetMemoryParse(&utf16.data, &utf16.size);
+
+        CYExecute(context, pool, CYPoolUTF8String(pool, utf16));
+        free(const_cast<uint16_t *>(utf16.data));
+    }
+
+    _syscall(closedir(setups));
+}
+
+static JSValueRef require(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    _assert(count == 1);
+    CYPool pool;
+
+    Dl_info addr;
+    _assert(dladdr(reinterpret_cast<void *>(&require), &addr) != 0);
+    char *lib(pool.strdup(addr.dli_fname));
 
+    char *slash(strrchr(lib, '/'));
+    _assert(slash != NULL);
+    *slash = '\0';
+
+    CYJSString property("exports");
+    JSObjectRef module;
+
+    const char *path(pool.strcat(lib, "/cycript/", CYPoolCString(pool, context, arguments[0]), ".cy", NULL));
+    CYJSString key(path);
+    JSObjectRef modules(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("modules")));
+    JSValueRef cache(CYGetProperty(context, modules, key));
+
+    if (!JSValueIsUndefined(context, cache))
+        module = CYCastJSObject(context, cache);
+    else {
+        CYUTF8String code;
+        code.data = reinterpret_cast<char *>(CYMapFile(path, &code.size));
+
+        std::stringstream wrap;
+        wrap << "(function (exports, require, module) { " << code << "\n});";
+        code = CYPoolCode(pool, wrap.str().c_str());
+
+        JSValueRef value(_jsccall(JSEvaluateScript, context, CYJSString(code), NULL, NULL, 0));
+        JSObjectRef function(CYCastJSObject(context, value));
+
+        module = JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL);
+        JSObjectRef exports(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
+        CYSetProperty(context, module, property, exports);
+
+        JSValueRef arguments[3] = { exports, JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYJSString("require"), &require), module };
+        CYCallAsFunction(context, function, NULL, 3, arguments);
+        CYSetProperty(context, modules, key, module);
+    }
+
+    return CYGetProperty(context, module, property);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+extern "C" void CYSetupContext(JSGlobalContextRef context) {
     CYInitializeDynamic();
 
     JSObjectRef global(CYGetGlobalObject(context));
@@ -1484,6 +1769,12 @@ extern "C" void CYSetupContext(JSGlobalContextRef context) {
     JSObjectRef Array_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Array_prototype"), Array_prototype);
 
+    JSObjectRef Boolean(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Boolean"))));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Boolean"), Boolean);
+
+    JSObjectRef Boolean_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Boolean, prototype_s)));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Boolean_prototype"), Boolean_prototype);
+
     JSObjectRef Error(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Error"))));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Error"), Error);
 
@@ -1493,6 +1784,12 @@ extern "C" void CYSetupContext(JSGlobalContextRef context) {
     JSObjectRef Function_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Function, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Function_prototype"), Function_prototype);
 
+    JSObjectRef Number(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Number"))));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Number"), Number);
+
+    JSObjectRef Number_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Number, prototype_s)));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Number_prototype"), Number_prototype);
+
     JSObjectRef Object(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Object"))));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Object"), Object);
 
@@ -1520,11 +1817,13 @@ extern "C" void CYSetupContext(JSGlobalContextRef context) {
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Pointer"), JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Pointer_, &Pointer_new));
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Type"), JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Type_privateData::Class_, &Type_new));
 
+    JSObjectRef modules(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("modules"), modules);
+
     JSObjectRef all(JSObjectMake(context, All_, NULL));
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("all"), all);
 
-    JSObjectRef alls(JSObjectCallAsConstructor(context, Array, 0, NULL, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    JSObjectRef alls(_jsccall(JSObjectCallAsConstructor, context, Array, 0, NULL));
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("alls"), alls);
 
     if (true) {
@@ -1547,6 +1846,8 @@ extern "C" void CYSetupContext(JSGlobalContextRef context) {
     JSObjectRef System(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("System"), System);
 
+    CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("require"), &require, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
+
     CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("system"), System);
     CYSetProperty(context, System, CYJSString("args"), CYJSNull(context));
     //CYSetProperty(context, System, CYJSString("global"), global);
@@ -1559,13 +1860,15 @@ extern "C" void CYSetupContext(JSGlobalContextRef context) {
         (*hooks_->SetupContext)(context);
 
     CYArrayPush(context, alls, cycript);
+
+    CYRunSetups(context);
 }
 
+static JSGlobalContextRef context_;
+
 JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
     CYInitializeDynamic();
 
-    static JSGlobalContextRef context_;
-
     if (context_ == NULL) {
         context_ = JSGlobalContextCreate(Global_);
         CYSetupContext(context_);
@@ -1573,3 +1876,10 @@ JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
 
     return context_;
 }
+
+void CYDestroyContext() {
+    if (context_ == NULL)
+        return;
+    JSGlobalContextRelease(context_);
+    context_ = NULL;
+}