X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/91a416e4f1f0a34c4683355e7c323661ef9a0309..82149e4b02351e37499d65e3e2aa5942b556d8a7:/Parser.hpp?ds=inline

diff --git a/Parser.hpp b/Parser.hpp
index 2821a61..86b7d17 100644
--- a/Parser.hpp
+++ b/Parser.hpp
@@ -1,10 +1,55 @@
+/* Cycript - Remote Execution Server and Disassembler
+ * Copyright (C) 2009  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+*/
+
+/* Modified BSD License {{{ */
+/*
+ *        Redistribution and use in source and binary
+ * forms, with or without modification, are permitted
+ * provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the
+ *    above copyright notice, this list of conditions
+ *    and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the
+ *    above copyright notice, this list of conditions
+ *    and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse
+ *    or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS''
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+ * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
+ * TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
+ * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+ * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+*/
+/* }}} */
+
 #ifndef CYPARSER_HPP
 #define CYPARSER_HPP
 
-#include <cstdlib>
+// XXX: wtf is this here?!
+#define CYPA 16
+
+#include <iostream>
+
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <cstdlib>
+
 #include "location.hh"
 #include "Pooling.hpp"
 
@@ -28,34 +73,139 @@ struct CYNext {
 };
 
 struct CYThing {
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const = 0;
+    virtual void Output(struct CYOutput &out) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct CYOutput {
+    std::ostream &out_;
+    bool pretty_;
+    unsigned indent_;
+
+    enum {
+        NoMode,
+        NoLetter,
+        NoPlus,
+        NoHyphen,
+        Terminated
+    } mode_;
+
+    CYOutput(std::ostream &out) :
+        out_(out),
+        pretty_(false),
+        indent_(0),
+        mode_(NoMode)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void Check(char value);
+    void Terminate();
+
+    CYOutput &operator <<(char rhs);
+    CYOutput &operator <<(const char *rhs);
+
+    _finline CYOutput &operator <<(const CYThing *rhs) {
+        if (rhs != NULL)
+            rhs->Output(*this);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    _finline CYOutput &operator <<(const CYThing &rhs) {
+        rhs.Output(*this);
+        return *this;
+    }
 };
 
-_finline std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &out, const CYThing &rhs) {
-    rhs.Output(out);
-    return out;
-}
+struct CYPropertyName {
+    virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct CYExpression;
 
-struct CYPart {
-    virtual void Part(std::ostream &out) const = 0;
+enum CYNeeded {
+    CYNever     = -1,
+    CYSometimes =  0,
+    CYAlways    =  1,
 };
 
-struct CYSource :
-    CYNext<CYSource>
-{
-    virtual void Show(std::ostream &out) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const = 0;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out, bool block) const;
+enum CYFlags {
+    CYNoFlags =      0,
+    CYNoBrace =      (1 << 0),
+    CYNoFunction =   (1 << 1),
+    CYNoIn =         (1 << 2),
+    CYNoCall =       (1 << 3),
+    CYNoRightHand =  (1 << 4),
+    CYNoDangle =     (1 << 5),
+    CYNoBF =         (CYNoBrace | CYNoFunction),
 };
 
-struct CYName :
-    CYThing
+struct CYContext {
+    apr_pool_t *pool_;
+
+    CYContext(apr_pool_t *pool) :
+        pool_(pool)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <typename Type_>
+    void Replace(Type_ *&value) {
+        if (value != NULL)
+            while (Type_ *replace = value->Replace(*this))
+                value = replace;
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYStatement :
+    CYNext<CYStatement>
 {
-    virtual const char *Name() const = 0;
+    void Single(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    void Multiple(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags = CYNoFlags) const;
+
+    CYStatement *ReplaceAll(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+
+  private:
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct CYStatements {
+    CYStatement *first_;
+    CYStatement *last_;
+
+    CYStatements() :
+        first_(NULL),
+        last_(NULL)
+    {
+    }
+
+    operator CYStatement *() const {
+        return first_;
+    }
+
+    CYStatements &operator ->*(CYStatement *next) {
+        if (next != NULL)
+            if (first_ == NULL) {
+                first_ = next;
+                last_ = next;
+            } else for (;; last_ = last_->next_)
+                if (last_->next_ == NULL) {
+                    last_->next_ = next;
+                    last_ = next;
+                    break;
+                }
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYClassName {
+    virtual CYExpression *ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object) = 0;
+    virtual void ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const = 0;
 };
 
 struct CYWord :
-    CYName
+    CYThing,
+    CYPropertyName,
+    CYClassName
 {
     const char *word_;
 
@@ -68,13 +218,17 @@ struct CYWord :
         return word_;
     }
 
-    virtual const char *Name() const {
-        return Value();
-    }
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object);
+    virtual void ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const;
+    virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
+_finline std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &lhs, const CYWord &rhs) {
+    return lhs << rhs.Value();
+}
+
 struct CYIdentifier :
     CYWord
 {
@@ -85,25 +239,55 @@ struct CYIdentifier :
 };
 
 struct CYLabel :
-    CYNext<CYLabel>
+    CYStatement
 {
-    CYIdentifier *identifier_;
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYStatement *statement_;
 
-    CYLabel(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYLabel *next) :
-        CYNext<CYLabel>(next),
-        identifier_(identifier)
+    CYLabel(CYIdentifier *name, CYStatement *statement) :
+        name_(name),
+        statement_(statement)
     {
     }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYStatement :
-    CYSource
+struct CYProgram :
+    CYThing
 {
-    CYLabel *label_;
+    CYStatement *statements_;
 
-    void AddLabel(CYIdentifier *identifier) {
-        label_ = new CYLabel(identifier, label_);
+    CYProgram(CYStatement *statements) :
+        statements_(statements)
+    {
     }
+
+    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYBlock :
+    CYStatement,
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYStatement *statements_;
+
+    CYBlock(CYStatement *statements) :
+        statements_(statements)
+    {
+    }
+
+    operator CYStatement *() const {
+        return statements_;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 enum CYState {
@@ -121,17 +305,26 @@ class CYDriver {
 
     const char *data_;
     size_t size_;
+    FILE *file_;
+
+    bool strict_;
+
+    enum Condition {
+        RegExStart,
+        RegExRest
+    };
 
     std::string filename_;
 
     struct Error {
+        bool warning_;
         cy::location location_;
         std::string message_;
     };
 
     typedef std::vector<Error> Errors;
 
-    CYSource *source_;
+    CYProgram *program_;
     Errors errors_;
 
   private:
@@ -141,34 +334,87 @@ class CYDriver {
   public:
     CYDriver(const std::string &filename);
     ~CYDriver();
+
+    void SetCondition(Condition condition);
+
+    void Warning(const cy::location &location, const char *message);
 };
 
-struct CYForInitialiser :
-    CYPart
-{
+struct CYForInitialiser {
+    virtual void For(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
 };
 
-struct CYForInInitialiser :
-    CYPart
-{
+struct CYForInInitialiser {
+    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+    virtual const char *ForEachIn() const = 0;
+    virtual CYExpression *ForEachIn(CYContext &out) = 0;
 };
 
+struct CYNumber;
+struct CYString;
+
 struct CYExpression :
     CYNext<CYExpression>,
     CYForInitialiser,
-    CYForInInitialiser
+    CYForInInitialiser,
+    CYClassName,
+    CYThing
 {
     virtual unsigned Precedence() const = 0;
-    virtual void Part(std::ostream &out) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const = 0;
-    void Output(std::ostream &out, unsigned precedence) const;
+
+    virtual bool RightHand() const {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual void For(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+
+    virtual const char *ForEachIn() const;
+    virtual CYExpression *ForEachIn(CYContext &out);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, unsigned precedence, CYFlags flags) const;
+
+    virtual CYExpression *ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object);
+    virtual void ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const;
+
+    CYExpression *ReplaceAll(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Primitive(CYContext &context) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *Word() const {
+        return NULL;
+    }
 };
 
+#define CYAlphabetic(value) \
+    virtual bool Alphabetic() const { \
+        return value; \
+    }
+
 #define CYPrecedence(value) \
     virtual unsigned Precedence() const { \
         return value; \
     }
 
+#define CYRightHand(value) \
+    virtual bool RightHand() const { \
+        return value; \
+    }
+
 struct CYCompound :
     CYExpression
 {
@@ -189,59 +435,187 @@ struct CYCompound :
 
     CYPrecedence(17)
 
-    void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYLiteral :
-    CYExpression
+struct CYFunctionParameter :
+    CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>,
+    CYThing
 {
-    CYPrecedence(0)
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+
+    CYFunctionParameter(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>(next),
+        name_(name)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYSelectorPart :
-    CYNext<CYSelectorPart>
+struct CYComprehension :
+    CYNext<CYComprehension>,
+    CYThing
 {
-    CYWord *name_;
-    bool value_;
+    virtual const char *Name() const = 0;
 
-    CYSelectorPart(CYWord *name, bool value, CYSelectorPart *next) :
-        CYNext<CYSelectorPart>(next),
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const = 0;
+    CYFunctionParameter *Parameters(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct CYForInComprehension :
+    CYComprehension
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYExpression *set_;
+
+    CYForInComprehension(CYIdentifier *name, CYExpression *set) :
         name_(name),
-        value_(value)
+        set_(set)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *Name() const {
+        return name_->Value();
+    }
+
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYForEachInComprehension :
+    CYComprehension
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYExpression *set_;
+
+    CYForEachInComprehension(CYIdentifier *name, CYExpression *set) :
+        name_(name),
+        set_(set)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *Name() const {
+        return name_->Value();
+    }
+
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYIfComprehension :
+    CYComprehension
+{
+    CYExpression *test_;
+
+    CYIfComprehension(CYExpression *test) :
+        test_(test)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *Name() const {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYArrayComprehension :
+    CYExpression
+{
+    CYExpression *expression_;
+    CYComprehension *comprehensions_;
+
+    CYArrayComprehension(CYExpression *expression, CYComprehension *comprehensions) :
+        expression_(expression),
+        comprehensions_(comprehensions)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYLiteral :
+    CYExpression
+{
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+    CYRightHand(false)
 };
 
-struct CYSelector :
+struct CYTrivial :
     CYLiteral
 {
-    CYSelectorPart *name_;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+};
+
+struct CYMagic :
+    CYExpression
+{
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+    CYRightHand(false)
+};
 
-    CYSelector(CYSelectorPart *name) :
-        name_(name)
+struct CYRange {
+    uint64_t lo_;
+    uint64_t hi_;
+
+    CYRange(uint64_t lo, uint64_t hi) :
+        lo_(lo), hi_(hi)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    bool operator [](uint8_t value) const {
+        return !(value >> 7) && (value >> 6 ? hi_ : lo_) >> (value & 0x3f) & 0x1;
+    }
+
+    void operator()(uint8_t value) {
+        if (value >> 7)
+            return;
+        (value >> 6 ? hi_ : lo_) |= uint64_t(0x1) << (value & 0x3f);
+    }
 };
 
+extern CYRange DigitRange_;
+extern CYRange WordStartRange_;
+extern CYRange WordEndRange_;
+
 struct CYString :
-    CYLiteral,
-    CYName
+    CYTrivial,
+    CYPropertyName
 {
     const char *value_;
     size_t size_;
 
+    CYString() :
+        value_(NULL),
+        size_(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYString(const char *value) :
+        value_(value),
+        size_(strlen(value))
+    {
+    }
+
     CYString(const char *value, size_t size) :
         value_(value),
         size_(size)
     {
     }
 
-    CYString(const CYIdentifier *identifier) :
-        value_(identifier->Value()),
+    CYString(const CYWord *word) :
+        value_(word->Value()),
         size_(strlen(value_))
     {
     }
@@ -250,16 +624,19 @@ struct CYString :
         return value_;
     }
 
-    virtual const char *Name() const {
-        return Value();
-    }
+    virtual const char *Word() const;
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual CYString *Concat(CYContext &out, CYString *rhs) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYNumber :
-    CYLiteral,
-    CYName
+    CYTrivial,
+    CYPropertyName
 {
     double value_;
 
@@ -272,44 +649,63 @@ struct CYNumber :
         return value_;
     }
 
-    virtual const char *Name() const {
-        throw;
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYRegEx :
+    CYTrivial
+{
+    const char *value_;
+
+    CYRegEx(const char *value) :
+        value_(value)
+    {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    const char *Value() const {
+        return value_;
+    }
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYNull :
     CYWord,
-    CYLiteral
+    CYTrivial
 {
     CYNull() :
         CYWord("null")
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYThis :
     CYWord,
-    CYExpression
+    CYMagic
 {
     CYThis() :
         CYWord("this")
     {
     }
 
-    CYPrecedence(0)
-
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYBoolean :
-    CYLiteral
+    CYTrivial
 {
     virtual bool Value() const = 0;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYFalse :
@@ -324,6 +720,9 @@ struct CYFalse :
     virtual bool Value() const {
         return false;
     }
+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYTrue :
@@ -338,6 +737,9 @@ struct CYTrue :
     virtual bool Value() const {
         return true;
     }
+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYVariable :
@@ -351,8 +753,10 @@ struct CYVariable :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
+    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYPrefix :
@@ -365,9 +769,13 @@ struct CYPrefix :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual bool Alphabetic() const = 0;
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYPrecedence(4)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYInfix :
@@ -382,9 +790,15 @@ struct CYInfix :
     {
     }
 
+    void SetLeft(CYExpression *lhs) {
+        lhs_ = lhs;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Alphabetic() const = 0;
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYPostfix :
@@ -399,7 +813,10 @@ struct CYPostfix :
 
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYPrecedence(3)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYAssignment :
@@ -414,17 +831,32 @@ struct CYAssignment :
     {
     }
 
+    void SetLeft(CYExpression *lhs) {
+        lhs_ = lhs;
+    }
+
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYPrecedence(16)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYArgument :
-    CYNext<CYArgument>
+    CYNext<CYArgument>,
+    CYThing
 {
     CYWord *name_;
     CYExpression *value_;
 
+    CYArgument(CYExpression *value, CYArgument *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYArgument>(next),
+        name_(NULL),
+        value_(value)
+    {
+    }
+
     CYArgument(CYWord *name, CYExpression *value, CYArgument *next = NULL) :
         CYNext<CYArgument>(next),
         name_(name),
@@ -432,7 +864,8 @@ struct CYArgument :
     {
     }
 
-    void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYBlank :
@@ -449,19 +882,21 @@ struct CYClause :
     CYNext<CYClause>
 {
     CYExpression *case_;
-    CYStatement *code_;
+    CYStatement *statements_;
 
-    CYClause(CYExpression *_case, CYStatement *code) :
+    CYClause(CYExpression *_case, CYStatement *statements) :
         case_(_case),
-        code_(code)
+        statements_(statements)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYElement :
-    CYNext<CYElement>
+    CYNext<CYElement>,
+    CYThing
 {
     CYExpression *value_;
 
@@ -471,7 +906,8 @@ struct CYElement :
     {
     }
 
-    void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYArray :
@@ -479,16 +915,16 @@ struct CYArray :
 {
     CYElement *elements_;
 
-    CYArray(CYElement *elements) :
+    CYArray(CYElement *elements = NULL) :
         elements_(elements)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYDeclaration :
-    CYThing,
     CYForInInitialiser
 {
     CYIdentifier *identifier_;
@@ -500,40 +936,65 @@ struct CYDeclaration :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Part(std::ostream &out) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+
+    virtual const char *ForEachIn() const;
+    virtual CYExpression *ForEachIn(CYContext &out);
+
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYDeclarations :
-    CYStatement,
-    CYForInitialiser
+    CYNext<CYDeclarations>,
+    CYForInitialiser,
+    CYThing
 {
     CYDeclaration *declaration_;
-    CYDeclarations *next_;
 
-    CYDeclarations(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYDeclarations *next) :
-        declaration_(declaration),
-        next_(next)
+    CYDeclarations(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYDeclarations *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYDeclarations>(next),
+        declaration_(declaration)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Part(std::ostream &out) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual void For(CYOutput &out) const;
+
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYParameter :
-    CYNext<CYParameter>,
-    CYThing
+struct CYVar :
+    CYStatement
 {
-    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYDeclarations *declarations_;
 
-    CYParameter(CYIdentifier *name, CYParameter *next) :
-        CYNext<CYParameter>(next),
-        name_(name)
+    CYVar(CYDeclarations *declarations) :
+        declarations_(declarations)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYLet :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYDeclarations *declarations_;
+    CYBlock code_;
+
+    CYLet(CYDeclarations *declarations, CYStatement *statements) :
+        declarations_(declarations),
+        code_(statements)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYFor :
@@ -552,7 +1013,8 @@ struct CYFor :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYForIn :
@@ -569,85 +1031,123 @@ struct CYForIn :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYForEachIn :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYForInInitialiser *initialiser_;
+    CYExpression *set_;
+    CYStatement *code_;
+
+    CYForEachIn(CYForInInitialiser *initialiser, CYExpression *set, CYStatement *code) :
+        initialiser_(initialiser),
+        set_(set),
+        code_(code)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYProperty :
-    CYNext<CYProperty>
+    CYNext<CYProperty>,
+    CYThing
 {
-    CYName *name_;
+    CYPropertyName *name_;
     CYExpression *value_;
 
-    CYProperty(CYName *name, CYExpression *value, CYProperty *next) :
+    CYProperty(CYPropertyName *name, CYExpression *value, CYProperty *next = NULL) :
         CYNext<CYProperty>(next),
         name_(name),
         value_(value)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYObject :
     CYLiteral
 {
-    CYProperty *property_;
+    CYProperty *properties_;
 
-    CYObject(CYProperty *property) :
-        property_(property)
+    CYObject(CYProperty *properties) :
+        properties_(properties)
     {
     }
 
-    void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYCatch :
     CYThing
 {
     CYIdentifier *name_;
-    CYStatement *code_;
+    CYBlock code_;
 
-    CYCatch(CYIdentifier *name, CYStatement *code) :
+    CYCatch(CYIdentifier *name, CYStatement *statements) :
         name_(name),
-        code_(code)
+        code_(statements)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYMessage :
+struct CYMember :
     CYExpression
 {
-    CYExpression *self_;
-    CYArgument *arguments_;
+    CYExpression *object_;
+    CYExpression *property_;
 
-    CYMessage(CYExpression *self, CYArgument *arguments) :
-        self_(self),
-        arguments_(arguments)
+    CYMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
+        object_(object),
+        property_(property)
     {
     }
 
-    CYPrecedence(0)
+    void SetLeft(CYExpression *object) {
+        object_ = object;
+    }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    void Replace_(CYContext &context);
 };
 
-struct CYMember :
-    CYExpression
+struct CYDirectMember :
+    CYMember
 {
-    CYExpression *object_;
-    CYExpression *property_;
+    CYDirectMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
+        CYMember(object, property)
+    {
+    }
 
-    CYMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
-        object_(object),
-        property_(property)
+    CYPrecedence(1)
+    CYRightHand(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYIndirectMember :
+    CYMember
+{
+    CYIndirectMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
+        CYMember(object, property)
     {
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
+    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYNew :
@@ -662,9 +1162,14 @@ struct CYNew :
     {
     }
 
-    CYPrecedence(1)
+    virtual unsigned Precedence() const {
+        return arguments_ == NULL ? 2 : 1;
+    }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    CYRightHand(false)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYCall :
@@ -673,15 +1178,17 @@ struct CYCall :
     CYExpression *function_;
     CYArgument *arguments_;
 
-    CYCall(CYExpression *function, CYArgument *arguments) :
+    CYCall(CYExpression *function, CYArgument *arguments = NULL) :
         function_(function),
         arguments_(arguments)
     {
     }
 
-    CYPrecedence(2)
+    CYPrecedence(1)
+    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYIf :
@@ -691,14 +1198,15 @@ struct CYIf :
     CYStatement *true_;
     CYStatement *false_;
 
-    CYIf(CYExpression *test, CYStatement *_true, CYStatement *_false) :
+    CYIf(CYExpression *test, CYStatement *_true, CYStatement *_false = NULL) :
         test_(test),
         true_(_true),
         false_(_false)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYDoWhile :
@@ -713,7 +1221,8 @@ struct CYDoWhile :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYWhile :
@@ -728,38 +1237,53 @@ struct CYWhile :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYLambda :
-    CYExpression
-{
+struct CYFunction {
     CYIdentifier *name_;
-    CYParameter *parameters_;
-    CYSource *body_;
+    CYFunctionParameter *parameters_;
+    CYBlock code_;
 
-    CYLambda(CYIdentifier *name, CYParameter *parameters, CYSource *body) :
+    CYFunction(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :
         name_(name),
         parameters_(parameters),
-        body_(body)
+        code_(statements)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual void Replace_(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYFunctionExpression :
+    CYFunction,
+    CYExpression
+{
+    CYFunctionExpression(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :
+        CYFunction(name, parameters, statements)
     {
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
+    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYFunction :
-    CYLambda,
-    CYSource
+struct CYFunctionStatement :
+    CYFunction,
+    CYStatement
 {
-    CYFunction(CYIdentifier *name, CYParameter *parameters, CYSource *body) :
-        CYLambda(name, parameters, body)
+    CYFunctionStatement(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :
+        CYFunction(name, parameters, statements)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYExpress :
@@ -772,7 +1296,8 @@ struct CYExpress :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYContinue :
@@ -785,7 +1310,8 @@ struct CYContinue :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYBreak :
@@ -798,7 +1324,8 @@ struct CYBreak :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYReturn :
@@ -811,31 +1338,47 @@ struct CYReturn :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYEmpty :
     CYStatement
 {
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out, bool block) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYFinally :
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYBlock code_;
+
+    CYFinally(CYStatement *statements) :
+        code_(statements)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYTry :
     CYStatement
 {
-    CYStatement *try_;
+    CYBlock code_;
     CYCatch *catch_;
-    CYStatement *finally_;
+    CYFinally *finally_;
 
-    CYTry(CYStatement *_try, CYCatch *_catch, CYStatement *finally) :
-        try_(_try),
+    CYTry(CYStatement *statements, CYCatch *_catch, CYFinally *finally) :
+        code_(statements),
         catch_(_catch),
         finally_(finally)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYThrow :
@@ -848,7 +1391,8 @@ struct CYThrow :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYWith :
@@ -863,7 +1407,8 @@ struct CYWith :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYSwitch :
@@ -878,7 +1423,8 @@ struct CYSwitch :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYCondition :
@@ -897,7 +1443,8 @@ struct CYCondition :
 
     CYPrecedence(15)
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYAddressOf :
@@ -912,9 +1459,9 @@ struct CYAddressOf :
         return "&";
     }
 
-    CYPrecedence(2)
+    CYAlphabetic(false)
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYIndirect :
@@ -929,52 +1476,54 @@ struct CYIndirect :
         return "*";
     }
 
-    CYPrecedence(1)
+    CYAlphabetic(false)
 
-    virtual void Output(std::ostream &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
 };
 
-#define CYPostfix_(op, name) \
+#define CYReplace \
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+#define CYPostfix_(op, name, args...) \
     struct CY ## name : \
         CYPostfix \
-    { \
+    { args \
         CY ## name(CYExpression *lhs) : \
             CYPostfix(lhs) \
         { \
         } \
-    \
-        CYPrecedence(3) \
     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
             return op; \
         } \
     };
 
-#define CYPrefix_(op, name) \
+#define CYPrefix_(alphabetic, op, name, args...) \
     struct CY ## name : \
         CYPrefix \
-    { \
+    { args \
         CY ## name(CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYPrefix(rhs) \
         { \
         } \
     \
-        CYPrecedence(4) \
+        CYAlphabetic(alphabetic) \
     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
             return op; \
         } \
     };
 
-#define CYInfix_(precedence, op, name) \
+#define CYInfix_(alphabetic, precedence, op, name, args...) \
     struct CY ## name : \
         CYInfix \
-    { \
+    { args \
         CY ## name(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYInfix(lhs, rhs) \
         { \
         } \
     \
+        CYAlphabetic(alphabetic) \
         CYPrecedence(precedence) \
     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
@@ -982,16 +1531,14 @@ struct CYIndirect :
         } \
     };
 
-#define CYAssignment_(op, name) \
+#define CYAssignment_(op, name, args...) \
     struct CY ## name ## Assign : \
         CYAssignment \
-    { \
+    { args \
         CY ## name ## Assign(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYAssignment(lhs, rhs) \
         { \
         } \
-    \
-        CYPrecedence(16) \
     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
             return op; \
@@ -1001,38 +1548,39 @@ struct CYIndirect :
 CYPostfix_("++", PostIncrement)
 CYPostfix_("--", PostDecrement)
 
-CYPrefix_("delete", Delete)
-CYPrefix_("void", Void)
-CYPrefix_("typeof", TypeOf)
-CYPrefix_("++", PreIncrement)
-CYPrefix_("--", PreDecrement)
-CYPrefix_("-", Negate)
-CYPrefix_("~", BitwiseNot)
-CYPrefix_("!", LogicalNot)
-
-CYInfix_(5, "*", Multiply)
-CYInfix_(5, "/", Divide)
-CYInfix_(5, "%", Modulus)
-CYInfix_(6, "+", Add)
-CYInfix_(6, "-", Subtract)
-CYInfix_(7, "<<", ShiftLeft)
-CYInfix_(7, ">>", ShiftRightSigned)
-CYInfix_(7, ">>>", ShiftRightUnsigned)
-CYInfix_(8, "<", Less)
-CYInfix_(8, ">", Greater)
-CYInfix_(8, "<=", LessOrEqual)
-CYInfix_(8, ">=", GreaterOrEqual)
-CYInfix_(8, "instanceof", InstanceOf)
-CYInfix_(8, "in", In)
-CYInfix_(9, "==", Equal)
-CYInfix_(9, "!=", NotEqual)
-CYInfix_(9, "===", Identical)
-CYInfix_(9, "!==", NotIdentical)
-CYInfix_(10, "&", BitwiseAnd)
-CYInfix_(11, "^", BitwiseXOr)
-CYInfix_(12, "|", BitwiseOr)
-CYInfix_(13, "&&", LogicalAnd)
-CYInfix_(14, "||", LogicalOr)
+CYPrefix_(true, "delete", Delete)
+CYPrefix_(true, "void", Void)
+CYPrefix_(true, "typeof", TypeOf)
+CYPrefix_(false, "++", PreIncrement)
+CYPrefix_(false, "--", PreDecrement)
+CYPrefix_(false, "+", Affirm)
+CYPrefix_(false, "-", Negate)
+CYPrefix_(false, "~", BitwiseNot)
+CYPrefix_(false, "!", LogicalNot)
+
+CYInfix_(false, 5, "*", Multiply)
+CYInfix_(false, 5, "/", Divide)
+CYInfix_(false, 5, "%", Modulus)
+CYInfix_(false, 6, "+", Add, CYReplace)
+CYInfix_(false, 6, "-", Subtract)
+CYInfix_(false, 7, "<<", ShiftLeft)
+CYInfix_(false, 7, ">>", ShiftRightSigned)
+CYInfix_(false, 7, ">>>", ShiftRightUnsigned)
+CYInfix_(false, 8, "<", Less)
+CYInfix_(false, 8, ">", Greater)
+CYInfix_(false, 8, "<=", LessOrEqual)
+CYInfix_(false, 8, ">=", GreaterOrEqual)
+CYInfix_(true, 8, "instanceof", InstanceOf)
+CYInfix_(true, 8, "in", In)
+CYInfix_(false, 9, "==", Equal)
+CYInfix_(false, 9, "!=", NotEqual)
+CYInfix_(false, 9, "===", Identical)
+CYInfix_(false, 9, "!==", NotIdentical)
+CYInfix_(false, 10, "&", BitwiseAnd)
+CYInfix_(false, 11, "^", BitwiseXOr)
+CYInfix_(false, 12, "|", BitwiseOr)
+CYInfix_(false, 13, "&&", LogicalAnd)
+CYInfix_(false, 14, "||", LogicalOr)
 
 CYAssignment_("=", )
 CYAssignment_("*=", Multiply)