X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/63b4c5a87f72580a85b2555c251490c1eb30021a..c93b7f730f97cbb81f7f1be90b99d93061a9debe:/Library.mm

diff --git a/Library.mm b/Library.mm
index 3de8415..5f22d29 100644
--- a/Library.mm
+++ b/Library.mm
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@
 #define _GNU_SOURCE
 
 #include <substrate.h>
-#include "Struct.hpp"
+#include "cycript.hpp"
 
 #include "sig/parse.hpp"
 #include "sig/ffi_type.hpp"
 
-#include <apr-1/apr_pools.h>
-#include <apr-1/apr_strings.h>
+#include "Pooling.hpp"
+#include "Struct.hpp"
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -54,26 +54,21 @@
 #include <CoreFoundation/CFLogUtilities.h>
 
 #include <CFNetwork/CFNetwork.h>
-#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
-
-#include <JavaScriptCore/JSBase.h>
-#include <JavaScriptCore/JSValueRef.h>
-#include <JavaScriptCore/JSObjectRef.h>
-#include <JavaScriptCore/JSContextRef.h>
-#include <JavaScriptCore/JSStringRef.h>
-#include <JavaScriptCore/JSStringRefCF.h>
 
 #include <WebKit/WebScriptObject.h>
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <ext/stdio_filebuf.h>
 #include <set>
 #include <map>
 
+#include <cmath>
+
 #include "Parser.hpp"
 #include "Cycript.tab.hh"
 
@@ -89,68 +84,322 @@
     CFLog(kCFLogLevelNotice, CFSTR("_trace():%u"), __LINE__); \
 } while (false)
 
-/* APR Pool Helpers {{{ */
-void *operator new(size_t size, apr_pool_t *pool) {
-    return apr_palloc(pool, size);
-}
+#define CYPoolTry { \
+    id _saved(nil); \
+    NSAutoreleasePool *_pool([[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init]); \
+    @try
+#define CYPoolCatch(value) \
+    @catch (NSException *error) { \
+        _saved = [error retain]; \
+        @throw; \
+        return value; \
+    } @finally { \
+        [_pool release]; \
+        if (_saved != nil) \
+            [_saved autorelease]; \
+    } \
+}
+
+static JSGlobalContextRef Context_;
+static JSObjectRef System_;
 
-void *operator new [](size_t size, apr_pool_t *pool) {
-    return apr_palloc(pool, size);
-}
+static JSClassRef Functor_;
+static JSClassRef Instance_;
+static JSClassRef Pointer_;
+static JSClassRef Runtime_;
+static JSClassRef Selector_;
+static JSClassRef Struct_;
 
-class CYPool {
-  private:
+static JSObjectRef Array_;
+static JSObjectRef Function_;
+
+static JSStringRef name_;
+static JSStringRef message_;
+static JSStringRef length_;
+
+static Class NSCFBoolean_;
+
+static NSArray *Bridge_;
+
+struct Client {
+    CFHTTPMessageRef message_;
+    CFSocketRef socket_;
+};
+
+struct CYData {
     apr_pool_t *pool_;
 
-  public:
-    CYPool() {
-        apr_pool_create(&pool_, NULL);
+    virtual ~CYData() {
     }
 
-    ~CYPool() {
-        apr_pool_destroy(pool_);
+    void *operator new(size_t size) {
+        apr_pool_t *pool;
+        apr_pool_create(&pool, NULL);
+        void *data(apr_palloc(pool, size));
+        reinterpret_cast<CYData *>(data)->pool_ = pool;
+        return data;;
     }
 
-    operator apr_pool_t *() const {
-        return pool_;
+    static void Finalize(JSObjectRef object) {
+        CYData *data(reinterpret_cast<CYData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+        data->~CYData();
+        apr_pool_destroy(data->pool_);
     }
+};
+
+struct Pointer_privateData :
+    CYData
+{
+    void *value_;
+    sig::Type type_;
 
-    char *operator ()(const char *data) const {
-        return apr_pstrdup(pool_, data);
+    Pointer_privateData() {
     }
 
-    char *operator ()(const char *data, size_t size) const {
-        return apr_pstrndup(pool_, data, size);
+    Pointer_privateData(void *value) :
+        value_(value)
+    {
     }
 };
-/* }}} */
 
-#define _pooled _H<NSAutoreleasePool> _pool([[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init], true);
+struct Functor_privateData :
+    Pointer_privateData
+{
+    sig::Signature signature_;
+    ffi_cif cif_;
 
-static JSContextRef Context_;
+    Functor_privateData(const char *type, void (*value)()) :
+        Pointer_privateData(reinterpret_cast<void *>(value))
+    {
+        sig::Parse(pool_, &signature_, type);
+        sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool_, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature_, &cif_);
+    }
+};
 
-static JSClassRef Functor_;
-static JSClassRef Instance_;
-static JSClassRef Pointer_;
-static JSClassRef Selector_;
+struct ffoData :
+    Functor_privateData
+{
+    JSContextRef context_;
+    JSObjectRef function_;
 
-static JSObjectRef Array_;
+    ffoData(const char *type) :
+        Functor_privateData(type, NULL)
+    {
+    }
+};
 
-static JSStringRef name_;
-static JSStringRef message_;
-static JSStringRef length_;
+struct Selector_privateData : Pointer_privateData {
+    Selector_privateData(SEL value) :
+        Pointer_privateData(value)
+    {
+    }
 
-static Class NSCFBoolean_;
+    SEL GetValue() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<SEL>(value_);
+    }
+};
 
-static NSMutableDictionary *Bridge_;
+struct Instance_privateData :
+    Pointer_privateData
+{
+    bool transient_;
 
-struct Client {
-    CFHTTPMessageRef message_;
-    CFSocketRef socket_;
+    Instance_privateData(id value, bool transient) :
+        Pointer_privateData(value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual ~Instance_privateData() {
+        if (!transient_)
+            [GetValue() release];
+    }
+
+    id GetValue() const {
+        return reinterpret_cast<id>(value_);
+    }
+};
+
+namespace sig {
+
+void Copy(apr_pool_t *pool, Type &lhs, Type &rhs);
+
+void Copy(apr_pool_t *pool, Element &lhs, Element &rhs) {
+    lhs.name = apr_pstrdup(pool, rhs.name);
+    if (rhs.type == NULL)
+        lhs.type = NULL;
+    else {
+        lhs.type = new(pool) Type;
+        Copy(pool, *lhs.type, *rhs.type);
+    }
+    lhs.offset = rhs.offset;
+}
+
+void Copy(apr_pool_t *pool, Signature &lhs, Signature &rhs) {
+    size_t count(rhs.count);
+    lhs.count = count;
+    lhs.elements = new(pool) Element[count];
+    for (size_t index(0); index != count; ++index)
+        Copy(pool, lhs.elements[index], rhs.elements[index]);
+}
+
+void Copy(apr_pool_t *pool, Type &lhs, Type &rhs) {
+    lhs.primitive = rhs.primitive;
+    lhs.name = apr_pstrdup(pool, rhs.name);
+    lhs.flags = rhs.flags;
+
+    if (sig::IsAggregate(rhs.primitive))
+        Copy(pool, lhs.data.signature, rhs.data.signature);
+    else {
+        if (rhs.data.data.type != NULL) {
+            lhs.data.data.type = new(pool) Type;
+            Copy(pool, *lhs.data.data.type, *rhs.data.data.type);
+        }
+
+        lhs.data.data.size = rhs.data.data.size;
+    }
+}
+
+void Copy(apr_pool_t *pool, ffi_type &lhs, ffi_type &rhs) {
+    lhs.size = rhs.size;
+    lhs.alignment = rhs.alignment;
+    lhs.type = rhs.type;
+    if (rhs.elements == NULL)
+        lhs.elements = NULL;
+    else {
+        size_t count(0);
+        while (rhs.elements[count] != NULL)
+            ++count;
+
+        lhs.elements = new(pool) ffi_type *[count + 1];
+        lhs.elements[count] = NULL;
+
+        for (size_t index(0); index != count; ++index) {
+            // XXX: if these are libffi native then you can just take them
+            ffi_type *ffi(new(pool) ffi_type);
+            lhs.elements[index] = ffi;
+            sig::Copy(pool, *ffi, *rhs.elements[index]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+}
+
+struct Type_privateData {
+    sig::Type type_;
+    ffi_type ffi_;
+    //size_t count_;
+
+    Type_privateData(apr_pool_t *pool, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi) {
+        sig::Copy(pool, type_, *type);
+        sig::Copy(pool, ffi_, *ffi);
+
+        /*sig::Element element;
+        element.name = NULL;
+        element.type = type;
+        element.offset = 0;
+
+        sig::Signature signature;
+        signature.elements = &element;
+        signature.count = 1;
+
+        ffi_cif cif;
+        sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
+        ffi_ = *cif.rtype;*/
+
+        /*if (type_->type != FFI_TYPE_STRUCT)
+            count_ = 0;
+        else {
+            size_t count(0);
+            while (type_->elements[count] != NULL)
+                ++count;
+            count_ = count;
+        }*/
+    }
 };
 
-JSObjectRef CYMakeObject(JSContextRef context, id object) {
-    return JSObjectMake(context, Instance_, [object retain]);
+struct Struct_privateData :
+    Pointer_privateData
+{
+    JSObjectRef owner_;
+    Type_privateData *type_;
+
+    Struct_privateData() {
+    }
+};
+
+struct CStringMapLess :
+    std::binary_function<const char *, const char *, bool>
+{
+    _finline bool operator ()(const char *lhs, const char *rhs) const {
+        return strcmp(lhs, rhs) < 0;
+    }
+};
+
+typedef std::map<const char *, Type_privateData *, CStringMapLess> TypeMap;
+static TypeMap Types_;
+
+JSObjectRef CYMakeStruct(JSContextRef context, void *data, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, JSObjectRef owner) {
+    Struct_privateData *internal(new Struct_privateData());
+    apr_pool_t *pool(internal->pool_);
+    Type_privateData *typical(new(pool) Type_privateData(pool, type, ffi));
+    internal->type_ = typical;
+
+    if (owner != NULL) {
+        internal->owner_ = owner;
+        internal->value_ = data;
+    } else {
+        internal->owner_ = NULL;
+
+        size_t size(typical->ffi_.size);
+        void *copy(apr_palloc(internal->pool_, size));
+        memcpy(copy, data, size);
+        internal->value_ = copy;
+    }
+
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Struct_, internal);
+}
+
+JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, bool transient) {
+    if (!transient)
+        object = [object retain];
+    Instance_privateData *data(new Instance_privateData(object, transient));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Instance_, data);
+}
+
+const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, NSString *value) {
+    if (pool == NULL)
+        return [value UTF8String];
+    else {
+        size_t size([value maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] + 1);
+        char *string(new(pool) char[size]);
+        if (![value getCString:string maxLength:size encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding])
+            @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"[NSString getCString:maxLength:encoding:] == NO" userInfo:nil];
+        return string;
+    }
+}
+
+JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, bool value) {
+    return JSValueMakeBoolean(context, value);
+}
+
+JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, double value) {
+    return JSValueMakeNumber(context, value);
+}
+
+#define CYCastJSValue_(Type_) \
+    JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, Type_ value) { \
+        return JSValueMakeNumber(context, static_cast<double>(value)); \
+    }
+
+CYCastJSValue_(int)
+CYCastJSValue_(unsigned int)
+CYCastJSValue_(long int)
+CYCastJSValue_(long unsigned int)
+CYCastJSValue_(long long int)
+CYCastJSValue_(long long unsigned int)
+
+JSValueRef CYJSUndefined(JSContextRef context) {
+    return JSValueMakeUndefined(context);
 }
 
 @interface NSMethodSignature (Cycript)
@@ -158,8 +407,12 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeObject(JSContextRef context, id object) {
 @end
 
 @interface NSObject (Cycript)
+- (bool) cy$isUndefined;
 - (NSString *) cy$toJSON;
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context;
+- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context transient:(bool)transient;
+- (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name;
+- (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value;
+- (bool) cy$deleteProperty:(NSString *)name;
 @end
 
 @interface NSString (Cycript)
@@ -172,24 +425,56 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeObject(JSContextRef context, id object) {
 
 @implementation NSObject (Cycript)
 
+- (bool) cy$isUndefined {
+    return false;
+}
+
 - (NSString *) cy$toJSON {
     return [self description];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
-    return CYMakeObject(context, self);
+- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context transient:(bool)transient {
+    return CYMakeInstance(context, self, transient);
+}
+
+- (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name {
+    if (![name isEqualToString:@"prototype"])
+        NSLog(@"get:%@", name);
+    return nil;
+}
+
+- (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value {
+    NSLog(@"set:%@", name);
+    return false;
+}
+
+- (bool) cy$deleteProperty:(NSString *)name {
+    NSLog(@"delete:%@", name);
+    return false;
 }
 
 @end
 
 @implementation WebUndefined (Cycript)
 
+- (bool) cy$isUndefined {
+    return true;
+}
+
 - (NSString *) cy$toJSON {
     return @"undefined";
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
-    return JSValueMakeUndefined(context);
+- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context transient:(bool)transient {
+    return CYJSUndefined(context);
+}
+
+@end
+
+@implementation NSNull (Cycript)
+
+- (NSString *) cy$toJSON {
+    return @"null";
 }
 
 @end
@@ -206,21 +491,57 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeObject(JSContextRef context, id object) {
             [json appendString:@","];
         else
             comma = true;
-        [json appendString:[object cy$toJSON]];
+        if (![object cy$isUndefined])
+            [json appendString:[object cy$toJSON]];
+        else {
+            [json appendString:@","];
+            comma = false;
+        }
     }
 
     [json appendString:@"]"];
     return json;
 }
 
+- (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name {
+    int index([name intValue]);
+    if (index < 0 || index >= static_cast<int>([self count]))
+        return [super cy$getProperty:name];
+    else
+        return [self objectAtIndex:index];
+}
+
+@end
+
+@implementation NSMutableArray (Cycript)
+
+- (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value {
+    int index([name intValue]);
+    if (index < 0 || index >= static_cast<int>([self count]))
+        return [super cy$setProperty:name to:value];
+    else {
+        [self replaceObjectAtIndex:index withObject:(value ?: [NSNull null])];
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+- (bool) cy$deleteProperty:(NSString *)name {
+    int index([name intValue]);
+    if (index < 0 || index >= static_cast<int>([self count]))
+        return [super cy$deleteProperty:name];
+    else {
+        [self removeObjectAtIndex:index];
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
 @end
 
 @implementation NSDictionary (Cycript)
 
 - (NSString *) cy$toJSON {
     NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
-    [json appendString:@"("];
-    [json appendString:@"{"];
+    [json appendString:@"({"];
 
     bool comma(false);
     for (id key in self) {
@@ -238,6 +559,28 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeObject(JSContextRef context, id object) {
     return json;
 }
 
+- (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name {
+    return [self objectForKey:name];
+}
+
+@end
+
+@implementation NSMutableDictionary (Cycript)
+
+- (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value {
+    [self setObject:(value ?: [NSNull null]) forKey:name];
+    return true;
+}
+
+- (bool) cy$deleteProperty:(NSString *)name {
+    if ([self objectForKey:name] == nil)
+        return false;
+    else {
+        [self removeObjectForKey:name];
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
 @end
 
 @implementation NSNumber (Cycript)
@@ -246,8 +589,8 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeObject(JSContextRef context, id object) {
     return [self class] != NSCFBoolean_ ? [self stringValue] : [self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false";
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
-    return [self class] != NSCFBoolean_ ? JSValueMakeNumber(context, [self doubleValue]) : JSValueMakeBoolean(context, [self boolValue]);
+- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context transient:(bool)transient {
+    return [self class] != NSCFBoolean_ ? CYCastJSValue(context, [self doubleValue]) : CYCastJSValue(context, [self boolValue]);
 }
 
 - (void *) cy$symbol {
@@ -274,7 +617,8 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeObject(JSContextRef context, id object) {
 }
 
 - (void *) cy$symbol {
-    return dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, [self UTF8String]);
+    CYPool pool;
+    return dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, CYPoolCString(pool, self));
 }
 
 @end
@@ -306,10 +650,15 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeObject(JSContextRef context, id object) {
 
 @end
 
-JSContextRef JSGetContext() {
+CYRange WordStartRange_(0x1000000000LLU,0x7fffffe87fffffeLLU); // A-Za-z_$
+CYRange WordEndRange_(0x3ff001000000000LLU,0x7fffffe87fffffeLLU); // A-Za-z_$0-9
+
+JSGlobalContextRef CYGetJSContext() {
     return Context_;
 }
 
+#define CYTry \
+    @try
 #define CYCatch \
     @catch (id error) { \
         CYThrow(context, error, exception); \
@@ -318,54 +667,98 @@ JSContextRef JSGetContext() {
 
 void CYThrow(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value);
 
-id CYCastNSObject(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
-    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, Instance_))
-        return reinterpret_cast<id>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object));
+apr_status_t CYPoolRelease_(void *data) {
+    id object(reinterpret_cast<id>(data));
+    [object release];
+    return APR_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+id CYPoolRelease(apr_pool_t *pool, id object) {
+    if (pool == NULL)
+        return [object autorelease];
+    else {
+        apr_pool_cleanup_register(pool, object, &CYPoolRelease_, &apr_pool_cleanup_null);
+        return object;
+    }
+}
+
+CFTypeRef CYPoolRelease(apr_pool_t *pool, CFTypeRef object) {
+    return (CFTypeRef) CYPoolRelease(pool, (id) object);
+}
+
+id CYCastNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
+    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, Instance_)) {
+        Instance_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Instance_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+        return data->GetValue();
+    }
+
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     bool array(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor(context, object, Array_, &exception));
     CYThrow(context, exception);
-    if (array)
-        return [[[CYJSArray alloc] initWithJSObject:object inContext:context] autorelease];
-    return [[[CYJSObject alloc] initWithJSObject:object inContext:context] autorelease];
+    id value(array ? [CYJSArray alloc] : [CYJSObject alloc]);
+    return CYPoolRelease(pool, [value initWithJSObject:object inContext:context]);
 }
 
 JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(id value) {
-    return JSStringCreateWithCFString(reinterpret_cast<CFStringRef>([value description]));
+    return value == NULL ? NULL : JSStringCreateWithCFString(reinterpret_cast<CFStringRef>([value description]));
 }
 
 JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(const char *value) {
-    return JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString(value);
+    return value == NULL ? NULL : JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString(value);
 }
 
 JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSStringRef value) {
-    return JSStringRetain(value);
+    return value == NULL ? NULL : JSStringRetain(value);
 }
 
 JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    if (JSValueIsNull(context, value))
+        return NULL;
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     JSStringRef string(JSValueToStringCopy(context, value, &exception));
     CYThrow(context, exception);
     return string;
 }
 
-// XXX: this is not a safe handle
-class CYString {
+class CYJSString {
   private:
     JSStringRef string_;
 
+    void Clear_() {
+        JSStringRelease(string_);
+    }
+
   public:
+    CYJSString(const CYJSString &rhs) :
+        string_(CYCopyJSString(rhs.string_))
+    {
+    }
+
     template <typename Arg0_>
-    CYString(Arg0_ arg0) {
-        string_ = CYCopyJSString(arg0);
+    CYJSString(Arg0_ arg0) :
+        string_(CYCopyJSString(arg0))
+    {
     }
 
     template <typename Arg0_, typename Arg1_>
-    CYString(Arg0_ arg0, Arg1_ arg1) {
-        string_ = CYCopyJSString(arg0, arg1);
+    CYJSString(Arg0_ arg0, Arg1_ arg1) :
+        string_(CYCopyJSString(arg0, arg1))
+    {
     }
 
-    ~CYString() {
-        JSStringRelease(string_);
+    CYJSString &operator =(const CYJSString &rhs) {
+        Clear_();
+        string_ = CYCopyJSString(rhs.string_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ~CYJSString() {
+        Clear_();
+    }
+
+    void Clear() {
+        Clear_();
+        string_ = NULL;
     }
 
     operator JSStringRef() const {
@@ -378,7 +771,19 @@ CFStringRef CYCopyCFString(JSStringRef value) {
 }
 
 CFStringRef CYCopyCFString(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    return CYCopyCFString(CYString(context, value));
+    return CYCopyCFString(CYJSString(context, value));
+}
+
+double CYCastDouble(const char *value, size_t size) {
+    char *end;
+    double number(strtod(value, &end));
+    if (end != value + size)
+        return NAN;
+    return number;
+}
+
+double CYCastDouble(const char *value) {
+    return CYCastDouble(value, strlen(value));
 }
 
 double CYCastDouble(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
@@ -393,53 +798,143 @@ CFNumberRef CYCopyCFNumber(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberDoubleType, &number);
 }
 
-NSString *CYCastNSString(JSStringRef value) {
-    return [reinterpret_cast<const NSString *>(CYCopyCFString(value)) autorelease];
+CFStringRef CYCopyCFString(const char *value) {
+    return CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault, value, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+}
+
+NSString *CYCastNSString(apr_pool_t *pool, const char *value) {
+    return (NSString *) CYPoolRelease(pool, CYCopyCFString(value));
+}
+
+NSString *CYCastNSString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value) {
+    return (NSString *) CYPoolRelease(pool, CYCopyCFString(value));
+}
+
+bool CYCastBool(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    return JSValueToBoolean(context, value);
 }
 
-CFTypeRef CYCopyCFType(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+CFTypeRef CYCFType(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, bool cast) {
+    CFTypeRef object;
+    bool copy;
+
     switch (JSType type = JSValueGetType(context, value)) {
         case kJSTypeUndefined:
-            return CFRetain([WebUndefined undefined]);
+            object = [WebUndefined undefined];
+            copy = false;
+        break;
+
         case kJSTypeNull:
-            return nil;
+            return NULL;
+        break;
+
         case kJSTypeBoolean:
-            return CFRetain(JSValueToBoolean(context, value) ? kCFBooleanTrue : kCFBooleanFalse);
+            object = CYCastBool(context, value) ? kCFBooleanTrue : kCFBooleanFalse;
+            copy = false;
+        break;
+
         case kJSTypeNumber:
-            return CYCopyCFNumber(context, value);
+            object = CYCopyCFNumber(context, value);
+            copy = true;
+        break;
+
         case kJSTypeString:
-            return CYCopyCFString(context, value);
+            object = CYCopyCFString(context, value);
+            copy = true;
+        break;
+
         case kJSTypeObject:
-            return CFRetain((CFTypeRef) CYCastNSObject(context, (JSObjectRef) value));
+            // XXX: this might could be more efficient
+            object = (CFTypeRef) CYCastNSObject(pool, context, (JSObjectRef) value);
+            copy = false;
+        break;
+
         default:
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInternalInconsistencyException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"JSValueGetType() == 0x%x", type] userInfo:nil];
+        break;
     }
+
+    if (cast != copy)
+        return object;
+    else if (copy)
+        return CYPoolRelease(pool, object);
+    else
+        return CFRetain(object);
+}
+
+CFTypeRef CYCastCFType(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    return CYCFType(pool, context, value, true);
+}
+
+CFTypeRef CYCopyCFType(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    return CYCFType(pool, context, value, false);
 }
 
 NSArray *CYCastNSArray(JSPropertyNameArrayRef names) {
+    CYPool pool;
     size_t size(JSPropertyNameArrayGetCount(names));
     NSMutableArray *array([NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:size]);
     for (size_t index(0); index != size; ++index)
-        [array addObject:CYCastNSString(JSPropertyNameArrayGetNameAtIndex(names, index))];
+        [array addObject:CYCastNSString(pool, JSPropertyNameArrayGetNameAtIndex(names, index))];
     return array;
 }
 
-id CYCastNSObject(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    const NSObject *object(reinterpret_cast<const NSObject *>(CYCopyCFType(context, value)));
-    return object == nil ? nil : [object autorelease];
+id CYCastNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<const NSObject *>(CYCastCFType(pool, context, value));
 }
 
 void CYThrow(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     if (value == NULL)
         return;
-    @throw CYCastNSObject(context, value);
+    @throw CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, value);
+}
+
+JSValueRef CYJSNull(JSContextRef context) {
+    return JSValueMakeNull(context);
+}
+
+JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value) {
+    return value == NULL ? CYJSNull(context) : JSValueMakeString(context, value);
+}
+
+JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, const char *value) {
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(value));
 }
 
-JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, id value) {
-    return value == nil ? JSValueMakeNull(context) : [value cy$JSValueInContext:context];
+JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, id value, bool transient = true) {
+    return value == nil ? CYJSNull(context) : [value cy$JSValueInContext:context transient:transient];
+}
+
+JSObjectRef CYCastJSObject(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSObjectRef object(JSValueToObject(context, value, &exception));
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    return object;
+}
+
+JSValueRef CYGetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t index) {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex(context, object, index, &exception));
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    return value;
+}
+
+JSValueRef CYGetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef name) {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetProperty(context, object, name, &exception));
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    return value;
+}
+
+void CYSetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef name, JSValueRef value) {
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSObjectSetProperty(context, object, name, value, kJSPropertyAttributeNone, &exception);
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
 }
 
 void CYThrow(JSContextRef context, id error, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    if (exception == NULL)
+        throw error;
     *exception = CYCastJSValue(context, error);
 }
 
@@ -460,10 +955,7 @@ void CYThrow(JSContextRef context, id error, JSValueRef *exception) {
 }
 
 - (id) objectForKey:(id)key {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetProperty(context_, object_, CYString(key), &exception));
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
-    return CYCastNSObject(context_, value);
+    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, CYGetProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(key))) ?: [NSNull null];
 }
 
 - (NSEnumerator *) keyEnumerator {
@@ -474,15 +966,13 @@ void CYThrow(JSContextRef context, id error, JSValueRef *exception) {
 }
 
 - (void) setObject:(id)object forKey:(id)key {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectSetProperty(context_, object_, CYString(key), CYCastJSValue(context_, object), kJSPropertyAttributeNone, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    CYSetProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(key), CYCastJSValue(context_, object));
 }
 
 - (void) removeObjectForKey:(id)key {
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     // XXX: this returns a bool... throw exception, or ignore?
-    JSObjectDeleteProperty(context_, object_, CYString(key), &exception);
+    JSObjectDeleteProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(key), &exception);
     CYThrow(context_, exception);
 }
 
@@ -498,25 +988,33 @@ void CYThrow(JSContextRef context, id error, JSValueRef *exception) {
 }
 
 - (NSUInteger) count {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetProperty(context_, object_, length_, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
-    return CYCastDouble(context_, value);
+    return CYCastDouble(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, object_, length_));
 }
 
 - (id) objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index {
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex(context_, object_, index, &exception));
     CYThrow(context_, exception);
-    id object(CYCastNSObject(context_, value));
-    return object == nil ? [NSNull null] : object;
+    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, value) ?: [NSNull null];
 }
 
 @end
 
-CFStringRef JSValueToJSONCopy(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    id object(CYCastNSObject(context, value));
-    return reinterpret_cast<CFStringRef>([(object == nil ? @"null" : [object cy$toJSON]) retain]);
+CFStringRef CYCopyJSONString(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        CYPoolTry {
+            id object(CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, value));
+            return reinterpret_cast<CFStringRef>([(object == nil ? @"null" : [object cy$toJSON]) retain]);
+        } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+const char *CYPoolJSONString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    if (NSString *json = (NSString *) CYCopyJSONString(context, value, exception)) {
+        const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, json));
+        [json release];
+        return string;
+    } else return NULL;
 }
 
 static void OnData(CFSocketRef socket, CFSocketCallBackType type, CFDataRef address, const void *value, void *info) {
@@ -542,13 +1040,13 @@ static void OnData(CFSocketRef socket, CFSocketCallBackType type, CFDataRef addr
                 JSStringRef script(JSStringCreateWithCFString(code));
                 CFRelease(code);
 
-                JSValueRef result(JSEvaluateScript(JSGetContext(), script, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL));
+                JSValueRef result(JSEvaluateScript(CYGetJSContext(), script, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL));
                 JSStringRelease(script);
 
                 CFHTTPMessageRef response(CFHTTPMessageCreateResponse(kCFAllocatorDefault, 200, NULL, kCFHTTPVersion1_1));
                 CFHTTPMessageSetHeaderFieldValue(response, CFSTR("Content-Type"), CFSTR("application/json; charset=utf-8"));
 
-                CFStringRef json(JSValueToJSONCopy(JSGetContext(), result));
+                CFStringRef json(CYCopyJSONString(CYGetJSContext(), result, NULL));
                 CFDataRef body(CFStringCreateExternalRepresentation(kCFAllocatorDefault, json, kCFStringEncodingUTF8, NULL));
                 CFRelease(json);
 
@@ -592,108 +1090,96 @@ static void OnAccept(CFSocketRef socket, CFSocketCallBackType type, CFDataRef ad
     }
 }
 
-static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { _pooled
-    @try {
-        NSString *name(CYCastNSString(property));
-        NSLog(@"%@", name);
-        return NULL;
+static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        CYPool pool;
+        NSString *self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, object));
+        NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, property));
+        NSObject *data([self cy$getProperty:name]);
+        return data == nil ? NULL : CYCastJSValue(context, data);
     } CYCatch
 }
 
-typedef id jocData;
-
-static JSObjectRef Instance_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { _pooled
-    @try {
-        id data(reinterpret_cast<jocData>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-        return CYMakeObject(context, [[data alloc] autorelease]);
+static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        CYPool pool;
+        NSString *self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, object));
+        NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, property));
+        NSString *data(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, value));
+        return [self cy$setProperty:name to:data];
     } CYCatch
 }
 
-struct ptrData {
-    apr_pool_t *pool_;
-    void *value_;
-    sig::Type type_;
-
-    void *operator new(size_t size) {
-        apr_pool_t *pool;
-        apr_pool_create(&pool, NULL);
-        void *data(apr_palloc(pool, size));
-        reinterpret_cast<ptrData *>(data)->pool_ = pool;
-        return data;;
-    }
-
-    ptrData(void *value) :
-        value_(value)
-    {
-    }
-};
-
-struct ffiData : ptrData {
-    sig::Signature signature_;
-    ffi_cif cif_;
-
-    ffiData(void (*value)(), const char *type) :
-        ptrData(reinterpret_cast<void *>(value))
-    {
-        sig::Parse(pool_, &signature_, type);
-        sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool_, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature_, &cif_);
-    }
-};
-
-struct selData : ptrData {
-    selData(SEL value) :
-        ptrData(value)
-    {
-    }
-};
-
-static void Pointer_finalize(JSObjectRef object) {
-    ptrData *data(reinterpret_cast<ptrData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    apr_pool_destroy(data->pool_);
+static bool Instance_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        CYPool pool;
+        NSString *self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, object));
+        NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, property));
+        return [self cy$deleteProperty:name];
+    } CYCatch
 }
 
-static void Instance_finalize(JSObjectRef object) {
-    id data(reinterpret_cast<jocData>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    [data release];
+static JSObjectRef Instance_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        Instance_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Instance_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+        return CYMakeInstance(context, [data->GetValue() alloc], true);
+    } CYCatch
 }
 
-JSObjectRef CYMakeFunction(JSContextRef context, void (*function)(), const char *type) {
-    ffiData *data(new ffiData(function, type));
-    return JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, data);
+JSObjectRef CYMakeSelector(JSContextRef context, SEL sel) {
+    Selector_privateData *data(new Selector_privateData(sel));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Selector_, data);
 }
 
-
-JSObjectRef CYMakeFunction(JSContextRef context, void *function, const char *type) {
-    return CYMakeFunction(context, reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(function), type);
+JSObjectRef CYMakePointer(JSContextRef context, void *pointer) {
+    Pointer_privateData *data(new Pointer_privateData(pointer));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Pointer_, data);
 }
 
-void CYSetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, const char *name, JSValueRef value) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectSetProperty(context, object, CYString(name), value, kJSPropertyAttributeNone, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
+JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, void (*function)(), const char *type) {
+    Functor_privateData *data(new Functor_privateData(type, function));
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, data);
 }
 
-char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value) {
-    size_t size(JSStringGetMaximumUTF8CStringSize(value));
-    char *string(new(pool) char[size]);
-    JSStringGetUTF8CString(value, string, size);
-    JSStringRelease(value);
-    return string;
+const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSStringRef value, size_t *length = NULL) {
+    if (pool == NULL) {
+        const char *string([CYCastNSString(NULL, value) UTF8String]);
+        if (length != NULL)
+            *length = strlen(string);
+        return string;
+    } else {
+        size_t size(JSStringGetMaximumUTF8CStringSize(value));
+        char *string(new(pool) char[size]);
+        JSStringGetUTF8CString(value, string, size);
+        // XXX: this is ironic
+        if (length != NULL)
+            *length = strlen(string);
+        return string;
+    }
 }
 
-char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    return CYPoolCString(pool, CYString(context, value));
+const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, size_t *length = NULL) {
+    if (!JSValueIsNull(context, value))
+        return CYPoolCString(pool, CYJSString(context, value), length);
+    else {
+        if (length != NULL)
+            *length = 0;
+        return NULL;
+    }
 }
 
 // XXX: this macro is unhygenic
 #define CYCastCString(context, value) ({ \
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL); \
-    JSStringRef string(JSValueToStringCopy(context, value, &exception)); \
-    CYThrow(context, exception); \
-    size_t size(JSStringGetMaximumUTF8CStringSize(string)); \
-    char *utf8(reinterpret_cast<char *>(alloca(size))); \
-    JSStringGetUTF8CString(string, utf8, size); \
-    JSStringRelease(string); \
+    char *utf8; \
+    if (value == NULL) \
+        utf8 = NULL; \
+    else if (JSStringRef string = CYCopyJSString(context, value)) { \
+        size_t size(JSStringGetMaximumUTF8CStringSize(string)); \
+        utf8 = reinterpret_cast<char *>(alloca(size)); \
+        JSStringGetUTF8CString(string, utf8, size); \
+        JSStringRelease(string); \
+    } else \
+        utf8 = NULL; \
     utf8; \
 })
 
@@ -701,29 +1187,37 @@ SEL CYCastSEL(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     if (JSValueIsNull(context, value))
         return NULL;
     else if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Selector_)) {
-        selData *data(reinterpret_cast<selData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
+        Selector_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
         return reinterpret_cast<SEL>(data->value_);
     } else
         return sel_registerName(CYCastCString(context, value));
 }
 
-void *CYCastPointer(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+void *CYCastPointer_(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     switch (JSValueGetType(context, value)) {
         case kJSTypeNull:
             return NULL;
-        case kJSTypeString:
+        /*case kJSTypeString:
             return dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, CYCastCString(context, value));
         case kJSTypeObject:
             if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Pointer_)) {
-                ptrData *data(reinterpret_cast<ptrData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
+                Pointer_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Pointer_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
                 return data->value_;
-            }
+            }*/
         default:
-            return reinterpret_cast<void *>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(CYCastDouble(context, value)));
+            double number(CYCastDouble(context, value));
+            if (std::isnan(number))
+                @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"cannot convert value to pointer" userInfo:nil];
+            return reinterpret_cast<void *>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(static_cast<long long>(number)));
     }
 }
 
-void CYPoolFFI(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, void *data, JSValueRef value) {
+template <typename Type_>
+_finline Type_ CYCastPointer(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<Type_>(CYCastPointer_(context, value));
+}
+
+void CYPoolFFI(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) {
     switch (type->primitive) {
         case sig::boolean_P:
             *reinterpret_cast<bool *>(data) = JSValueToBoolean(context, value);
@@ -749,7 +1243,7 @@ void CYPoolFFI(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, void *da
 
         case sig::object_P:
         case sig::typename_P:
-            *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data) = CYCastNSObject(context, value);
+            *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data) = CYCastNSObject(pool, context, value);
         break;
 
         case sig::selector_P:
@@ -757,36 +1251,45 @@ void CYPoolFFI(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, void *da
         break;
 
         case sig::pointer_P:
-            *reinterpret_cast<void **>(data) = CYCastPointer(context, value);
+            *reinterpret_cast<void **>(data) = CYCastPointer<void *>(context, value);
         break;
 
         case sig::string_P:
-            *reinterpret_cast<char **>(data) = CYPoolCString(pool, context, value);
+            *reinterpret_cast<const char **>(data) = CYPoolCString(pool, context, value);
         break;
 
-        case sig::struct_P:
-            goto fail;
+        case sig::struct_P: {
+            uint8_t *base(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(data));
+            bool aggregate(JSValueIsObject(context, value));
+            for (size_t index(0); index != type->data.signature.count; ++index) {
+                ffi_type *element(ffi->elements[index]);
+                JSValueRef rhs(aggregate ? CYGetProperty(context, (JSObjectRef) value, index) : value);
+                CYPoolFFI(pool, context, type->data.signature.elements[index].type, element, base, rhs);
+                // XXX: alignment?
+                base += element->size;
+            }
+        } break;
 
         case sig::void_P:
         break;
 
-        default: fail:
+        default:
             NSLog(@"CYPoolFFI(%c)\n", type->primitive);
             _assert(false);
     }
 }
 
-JSValueRef CYFromFFI(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, void *data) {
+JSValueRef CYFromFFI(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSObjectRef owner = NULL) {
     JSValueRef value;
 
     switch (type->primitive) {
         case sig::boolean_P:
-            value = JSValueMakeBoolean(context, *reinterpret_cast<bool *>(data));
+            value = CYCastJSValue(context, *reinterpret_cast<bool *>(data));
         break;
 
 #define CYFromFFI_(primitive, native) \
         case sig::primitive ## _P: \
-            value = JSValueMakeNumber(context, *reinterpret_cast<native *>(data)); \
+            value = CYCastJSValue(context, *reinterpret_cast<native *>(data)); \
         break;
 
         CYFromFFI_(uchar, unsigned char)
@@ -803,42 +1306,44 @@ JSValueRef CYFromFFI(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, void *data) {
         CYFromFFI_(double, double)
 
         case sig::object_P:
-        case sig::typename_P: {
             value = CYCastJSValue(context, *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data));
-        } break;
+        break;
 
-        case sig::selector_P: {
-            if (SEL sel = *reinterpret_cast<SEL *>(data)) {
-                selData *data(new selData(sel));
-                value = JSObjectMake(context, Selector_, data);
-            } else goto null;
-        } break;
+        case sig::typename_P:
+            value = CYMakeInstance(context, *reinterpret_cast<Class *>(data), true);
+        break;
 
-        case sig::pointer_P: {
-            if (void *pointer = *reinterpret_cast<void **>(data)) {
-                ptrData *data(new ptrData(pointer));
-                value = JSObjectMake(context, Pointer_, data);
-            } else goto null;
-        } break;
+        case sig::selector_P:
+            if (SEL sel = *reinterpret_cast<SEL *>(data))
+                value = CYMakeSelector(context, sel);
+            else goto null;
+        break;
 
-        case sig::string_P: {
+        case sig::pointer_P:
+            if (void *pointer = *reinterpret_cast<void **>(data))
+                value = CYMakePointer(context, pointer);
+            else goto null;
+        break;
+
+        case sig::string_P:
             if (char *utf8 = *reinterpret_cast<char **>(data))
-                value = JSValueMakeString(context, CYString(utf8));
+                value = CYCastJSValue(context, utf8);
             else goto null;
-        } break;
+        break;
 
         case sig::struct_P:
-            goto fail;
+            value = CYMakeStruct(context, data, type, ffi, owner);
+        break;
 
         case sig::void_P:
-            value = JSValueMakeUndefined(context);
+            value = CYJSUndefined(context);
         break;
 
         null:
-            value = JSValueMakeNull(context);
+            value = CYJSNull(context);
         break;
 
-        default: fail:
+        default:
             NSLog(@"CYFromFFI(%c)\n", type->primitive);
             _assert(false);
     }
@@ -846,8 +1351,74 @@ JSValueRef CYFromFFI(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, void *data) {
     return value;
 }
 
-static JSValueRef CYCallFunction(JSContextRef context, size_t count, const JSValueRef *arguments, JSValueRef *exception, sig::Signature *signature, ffi_cif *cif, void (*function)()) { _pooled
-    @try {
+void Index_(Struct_privateData *internal, double number, ssize_t &index, uint8_t *&base) {
+    Type_privateData *typical(internal->type_);
+
+    index = static_cast<ssize_t>(number);
+    if (index != number)
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"struct index non-integral" userInfo:nil];
+    if (index < 0)
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"struct index negative" userInfo:nil];
+
+    base = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(internal->value_);
+    for (ssize_t local(0); local != index; ++local)
+        if (ffi_type *element = typical->ffi_.elements[local])
+            base += element->size;
+        else
+            @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"struct index out-of-range" userInfo:nil];
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Struct_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        CYPool pool;
+        Struct_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Struct_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+        Type_privateData *typical(internal->type_);
+
+        size_t length;
+        const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, property, &length));
+        double number(CYCastDouble(name, length));
+
+        if (std::isnan(number)) {
+            // XXX: implement!
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        ssize_t index;
+        uint8_t *base;
+
+        Index_(internal, number, index, base);
+
+        return CYFromFFI(context, typical->type_.data.signature.elements[index].type, typical->ffi_.elements[index], base, object);
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+static bool Struct_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        CYPool pool;
+        Struct_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Struct_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+        Type_privateData *typical(internal->type_);
+
+        size_t length;
+        const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, property, &length));
+        double number(CYCastDouble(name, length));
+
+        if (std::isnan(number)) {
+            // XXX: implement!
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        ssize_t index;
+        uint8_t *base;
+
+        Index_(internal, number, index, base);
+
+        CYPoolFFI(NULL, context, typical->type_.data.signature.elements[index].type, typical->ffi_.elements[index], base, value);
+        return true;
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+static JSValueRef CYCallFunction(JSContextRef context, size_t count, const JSValueRef *arguments, JSValueRef *exception, sig::Signature *signature, ffi_cif *cif, void (*function)()) {
+    CYTry {
         if (count != signature->count - 1)
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to ffi function" userInfo:nil];
 
@@ -856,34 +1427,80 @@ static JSValueRef CYCallFunction(JSContextRef context, size_t count, const JSVal
 
         for (unsigned index(0); index != count; ++index) {
             sig::Element *element(&signature->elements[index + 1]);
+            ffi_type *ffi(cif->arg_types[index]);
             // XXX: alignment?
-            values[index] = new(pool) uint8_t[cif->arg_types[index]->size];
-            CYPoolFFI(pool, context, element->type, values[index], arguments[index]);
+            values[index] = new(pool) uint8_t[ffi->size];
+            CYPoolFFI(pool, context, element->type, ffi, values[index], arguments[index]);
         }
 
         uint8_t value[cif->rtype->size];
         ffi_call(cif, function, value, values);
 
-        return CYFromFFI(context, signature->elements[0].type, value);
+        return CYFromFFI(context, signature->elements[0].type, cif->rtype, value);
     } CYCatch
 }
 
-static JSValueRef Global_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { _pooled
-    @try {
-        NSString *name(CYCastNSString(property));
+void Closure_(ffi_cif *cif, void *result, void **arguments, void *arg) {
+    ffoData *data(reinterpret_cast<ffoData *>(arg));
+
+    JSContextRef context(data->context_);
+
+    size_t count(data->cif_.nargs);
+    JSValueRef values[count];
+
+    for (size_t index(0); index != count; ++index)
+        values[index] = CYFromFFI(context, data->signature_.elements[1 + index].type, data->cif_.arg_types[index], arguments[index]);
+
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSValueRef value(JSObjectCallAsFunction(context, data->function_, NULL, count, values, &exception));
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+
+    CYPoolFFI(NULL, context, data->signature_.elements[0].type, data->cif_.rtype, result, value);
+}
+
+JSObjectRef CYMakeFunctor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, const char *type) {
+    // XXX: in case of exceptions this will leak
+    ffoData *data(new ffoData(type));
+
+    ffi_closure *closure;
+    _syscall(closure = (ffi_closure *) mmap(
+        NULL, sizeof(ffi_closure),
+        PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE,
+        -1, 0
+    ));
+
+    ffi_status status(ffi_prep_closure(closure, &data->cif_, &Closure_, data));
+    _assert(status == FFI_OK);
+
+    _syscall(mprotect(closure, sizeof(*closure), PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC));
+
+    data->value_ = closure;
+
+    data->context_ = CYGetJSContext();
+    data->function_ = function;
+
+    return JSObjectMake(context, Functor_, data);
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Runtime_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        CYPool pool;
+        NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, property));
         if (Class _class = NSClassFromString(name))
-            return CYMakeObject(context, _class);
-        if (NSMutableArray *entry = [Bridge_ objectForKey:name])
+            return CYMakeInstance(context, _class, true);
+        if (NSMutableArray *entry = [[Bridge_ objectAtIndex:0] objectForKey:name])
             switch ([[entry objectAtIndex:0] intValue]) {
                 case 0:
-                    return JSEvaluateScript(JSGetContext(), CYString([entry objectAtIndex:1]), NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
+                    return JSEvaluateScript(CYGetJSContext(), CYJSString([entry objectAtIndex:1]), NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
                 case 1:
-                    return CYMakeFunction(context, [name cy$symbol], [[entry objectAtIndex:1] UTF8String]);
+                    return CYMakeFunctor(context, reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>([name cy$symbol]), CYPoolCString(pool, [entry objectAtIndex:1]));
                 case 2:
-                    CYPool pool;
+                    // XXX: this is horrendously inefficient
                     sig::Signature signature;
-                    sig::Parse(pool, &signature, [[entry objectAtIndex:1] UTF8String]);
-                    return CYFromFFI(context, signature.elements[0].type, [name cy$symbol]);
+                    sig::Parse(pool, &signature, CYPoolCString(pool, [entry objectAtIndex:1]));
+                    ffi_cif cif;
+                    sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
+                    return CYFromFFI(context, signature.elements[0].type, cif.rtype, [name cy$symbol]);
             }
         return NULL;
     } CYCatch
@@ -896,27 +1513,60 @@ bool stret(ffi_type *ffi_type) {
     );
 }
 
-static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { _pooled
+extern "C" {
+    int *_NSGetArgc(void);
+    char ***_NSGetArgv(void);
+    int UIApplicationMain(int argc, char *argv[], NSString *principalClassName, NSString *delegateClassName);
+}
+
+static JSValueRef System_print(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        NSLog(@"%s", CYCastCString(context, arguments[0]));
+        return CYJSUndefined(context);
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+static JSValueRef CYApplicationMain(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        CYPool pool;
+        NSString *name(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]));
+        int argc(*_NSGetArgc());
+        char **argv(*_NSGetArgv());
+        for (int i(0); i != argc; ++i)
+            NSLog(@"argv[%i]=%s", i, argv[i]);
+        _pooled
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, name, name));
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     const char *type;
 
-    @try {
+    CYPool pool;
+
+    CYTry {
         if (count < 2)
             @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"too few arguments to objc_msgSend" userInfo:nil];
 
-        id self(CYCastNSObject(context, arguments[0]));
+        id self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]));
         if (self == nil)
-            return JSValueMakeNull(context);
+            return CYJSNull(context);
 
         SEL _cmd(CYCastSEL(context, arguments[1]));
-        NSMethodSignature *method([self methodSignatureForSelector:_cmd]);
-        if (method == nil)
-            @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"unrecognized selector %s sent to object %p", sel_getName(_cmd), self] userInfo:nil];
 
-        type = [[method _typeString] UTF8String];
+        Class _class(object_getClass(self));
+        if (Method method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, _cmd))
+            type = method_getTypeEncoding(method);
+        else {
+            CYPoolTry {
+                NSMethodSignature *method([self methodSignatureForSelector:_cmd]);
+                if (method == nil)
+                    @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"unrecognized selector %s sent to object %p", sel_getName(_cmd), self] userInfo:nil];
+                type = CYPoolCString(pool, [method _typeString]);
+            } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
+        }
     } CYCatch
 
-    CYPool pool;
-
     sig::Signature signature;
     sig::Parse(pool, &signature, type);
 
@@ -927,24 +1577,94 @@ static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObje
     return CYCallFunction(context, count, arguments, exception, &signature, &cif, function);
 }
 
-static JSValueRef ffi_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
-    ffiData *data(reinterpret_cast<ffiData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    JSValueRef setup[count + 2];
+    setup[0] = _this;
+    setup[1] = object;
+    memmove(setup + 2, arguments, sizeof(JSValueRef) * count);
+    return $objc_msgSend(context, NULL, NULL, count + 2, setup, exception);
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Functor_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    Functor_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Functor_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     return CYCallFunction(context, count, arguments, exception, &data->signature_, &data->cif_, reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(data->value_));
 }
 
-JSObjectRef ffi(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
-    @try {
+JSObjectRef Selector_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        if (count != 1)
+            @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to Selector constructor" userInfo:nil];
+        const char *name(CYCastCString(context, arguments[0]));
+        return CYMakeSelector(context, sel_registerName(name));
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+JSObjectRef Functor_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
         if (count != 2)
-            @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to ffi constructor" userInfo:nil];
-        void *function(CYCastPointer(context, arguments[0]));
+            @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to Functor constructor" userInfo:nil];
         const char *type(CYCastCString(context, arguments[1]));
-        return CYMakeFunction(context, function, type);
+        JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+        if (JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor(context, arguments[0], Function_, &exception)) {
+            JSObjectRef function(CYCastJSObject(context, arguments[0]));
+            return CYMakeFunctor(context, function, type);
+        } else if (exception != NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        } else {
+            void (*function)()(CYCastPointer<void (*)()>(context, arguments[0]));
+            return CYMakeFunctor(context, function, type);
+        }
     } CYCatch
 }
 
 JSValueRef Pointer_getProperty_value(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
-    ptrData *data(reinterpret_cast<ptrData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    return JSValueMakeNumber(context, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(data->value_));
+    Pointer_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Pointer_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(data->value_));
+}
+
+JSValueRef Selector_getProperty_prototype(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+    return Function_;
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Pointer_callAsFunction_valueOf(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        Pointer_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Pointer_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(data->value_));
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        Instance_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Instance_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+        CYPoolTry {
+            return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString([data->GetValue() description]));
+        } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        Selector_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, sel_getName(data->GetValue()));
+    } CYCatch
+}
+
+static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+    CYTry {
+        if (count != 2)
+            @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInvalidArgumentException reason:@"incorrect number of arguments to Selector.type" userInfo:nil];
+        CYPool pool;
+        Selector_privateData *data(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+        Class _class(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]));
+        bool instance(CYCastBool(context, arguments[1]));
+        SEL sel(data->GetValue());
+        if (Method method = (*(instance ? &class_getInstanceMethod : class_getClassMethod))(_class, sel))
+            return CYCastJSValue(context, method_getTypeEncoding(method));
+        else if (NSString *type = [[Bridge_ objectAtIndex:1] objectForKey:CYCastNSString(pool, sel_getName(sel))])
+            return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(type));
+        else
+            return CYJSNull(context);
+    } CYCatch
 }
 
 static JSStaticValue Pointer_staticValues[2] = {
@@ -952,22 +1672,64 @@ static JSStaticValue Pointer_staticValues[2] = {
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
-extern int cydebug;
+static JSStaticFunction Pointer_staticFunctions[2] = {
+    {"valueOf", &Pointer_callAsFunction_valueOf, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
+
+/*static JSStaticValue Selector_staticValues[2] = {
+    {"prototype", &Selector_getProperty_prototype, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
+};*/
+
+static JSStaticFunction Instance_staticFunctions[2] = {
+    {"toString", &Instance_callAsFunction_toString, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
+
+static JSStaticFunction Selector_staticFunctions[3] = {
+    {"toString", &Selector_callAsFunction_toString, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"type", &Selector_callAsFunction_type, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
 
-void cy::parser::error(const cy::parser::location_type &loc, const std::string &msg) {
-    std::cerr << loc << ": " << msg << std::endl;
+CYDriver::CYDriver(const std::string &filename) :
+    state_(CYClear),
+    data_(NULL),
+    size_(0),
+    filename_(filename),
+    source_(NULL)
+{
+    ScannerInit();
 }
 
-void CYConsole(FILE *fin, FILE *fout, FILE *ferr) {
-    cydebug = 1;
-    CYParser context;
-    cy::parser parser(&context);
-    parser.parse();
+CYDriver::~CYDriver() {
+    ScannerDestroy();
+}
+
+void cy::parser::error(const cy::parser::location_type &location, const std::string &message) {
+    CYDriver::Error error;
+    error.location_ = location;
+    error.message_ = message;
+    driver.errors_.push_back(error);
+}
+
+void CYSetArgs(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
+    JSContextRef context(CYGetJSContext());
+    JSValueRef args[argc];
+    for (int i(0); i != argc; ++i)
+        args[i] = CYCastJSValue(context, argv[i]);
+    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+    JSObjectRef array(JSObjectMakeArray(context, argc, args, &exception));
+    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    CYSetProperty(context, System_, CYJSString("args"), array);
 }
 
 MSInitialize { _pooled
     apr_initialize();
 
+    Bridge_ = [[NSMutableArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:@"/usr/lib/libcycript.plist"] retain];
+
     NSCFBoolean_ = objc_getClass("NSCFBoolean");
 
     pid_t pid(getpid());
@@ -994,49 +1756,79 @@ MSInitialize { _pooled
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Pointer";
     definition.staticValues = Pointer_staticValues;
-    definition.finalize = &Pointer_finalize;
+    definition.staticFunctions = Pointer_staticFunctions;
+    definition.finalize = &CYData::Finalize;
     Pointer_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Functor";
-    definition.parentClass = Pointer_;
-    definition.callAsFunction = &ffi_callAsFunction;
+    definition.staticValues = Pointer_staticValues;
+    definition.staticFunctions = Pointer_staticFunctions;
+    definition.callAsFunction = &Functor_callAsFunction;
+    definition.finalize = &CYData::Finalize;
     Functor_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
+    definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
+    definition.className = "Struct";
+    definition.getProperty = &Struct_getProperty;
+    definition.setProperty = &Struct_setProperty;
+    definition.finalize = &CYData::Finalize;
+    Struct_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Selector";
-    definition.parentClass = Pointer_;
+    definition.staticValues = Pointer_staticValues;
+    //definition.staticValues = Selector_staticValues;
+    definition.staticFunctions = Selector_staticFunctions;
+    definition.callAsFunction = &Selector_callAsFunction;
+    definition.finalize = &CYData::Finalize;
     Selector_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
-    definition.className = "Instance_";
+    definition.className = "Instance";
+    definition.staticValues = Pointer_staticValues;
+    definition.staticFunctions = Instance_staticFunctions;
     definition.getProperty = &Instance_getProperty;
+    definition.setProperty = &Instance_setProperty;
+    definition.deleteProperty = &Instance_deleteProperty;
     definition.callAsConstructor = &Instance_callAsConstructor;
-    definition.finalize = &Instance_finalize;
+    definition.finalize = &CYData::Finalize;
     Instance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
-    definition.getProperty = &Global_getProperty;
+    definition.className = "Runtime";
+    definition.getProperty = &Runtime_getProperty;
+    Runtime_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+    definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
+    //definition.getProperty = &Global_getProperty;
     JSClassRef Global(JSClassCreate(&definition));
 
-    JSContextRef context(JSGlobalContextCreate(Global));
+    JSGlobalContextRef context(JSGlobalContextCreate(Global));
     Context_ = context;
 
     JSObjectRef global(JSContextGetGlobalObject(context));
 
-    CYSetProperty(context, global, "ffi", JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Functor_, &ffi));
+    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, global, JSObjectMake(context, Runtime_, NULL));
+    CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("obc"), JSObjectMake(context, Runtime_, NULL));
+
+    CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Selector"), JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Selector_, &Selector_new));
+    CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Functor"), JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Functor_, &Functor_new));
+
+    CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("CYApplicationMain"), JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYJSString("CYApplicationMain"), &CYApplicationMain));
+    CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("objc_msgSend"), JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYJSString("objc_msgSend"), &$objc_msgSend));
 
-    CYSetProperty(context, global, "objc_msgSend", JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYString("objc_msgSend"), &$objc_msgSend));
+    System_ = JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL);
+    CYSetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("system"), System_);
+    CYSetProperty(context, System_, CYJSString("args"), CYJSNull(context));
+    CYSetProperty(context, System_, CYJSString("global"), global);
 
-    Bridge_ = [[NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@"/usr/lib/libcycript.plist"] retain];
+    CYSetProperty(context, System_, CYJSString("print"), JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYJSString("print"), &System_print));
 
     name_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("name");
     message_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("message");
     length_ = JSStringCreateWithUTF8CString("length");
 
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetProperty(JSGetContext(), global, CYString("Array"), &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    Array_ = JSValueToObject(JSGetContext(), value, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
+    Array_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Array")));
+    Function_ = CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Function")));
 }