X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/5999c31517bb72b55257d25f482edc566adec045..217f652fdefefc86d562d49f9815001653f99075:/Output.cpp

diff --git a/Output.cpp b/Output.cpp
index b45703f..50cc836 100644
--- a/Output.cpp
+++ b/Output.cpp
@@ -1,373 +1,1281 @@
-#include "Parser.hpp"
+/* Cycript - The Truly Universal Scripting Language
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2016  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+*/
 
-#include <iostream>
+/* GNU Affero General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
+/*
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+**/
+/* }}} */
+
+#include <cmath>
 #include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "Syntax.hpp"
+
+enum CYStringType {
+    CYStringTypeSingle,
+    CYStringTypeDouble,
+    CYStringTypeTemplate,
+};
+
+void CYStringify(std::ostringstream &str, const char *data, size_t size, CYStringifyMode mode) {
+    if (size == 0) {
+        str << "\"\"";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    unsigned quot(0), apos(0), tick(0), line(0);
+    for (const char *value(data), *end(data + size); value != end; ++value)
+        switch (*value) {
+            case '"': ++quot; break;
+            case '\'': ++apos; break;
+            case '`': ++tick; break;
+            case '$': ++tick; break;
+            case '\n': ++line; break;
+        }
+
+    bool split;
+    if (mode != CYStringifyModeCycript)
+        split = false;
+    else {
+        double ratio(double(line) / size);
+        split = size > 10 && line > 2 && ratio > 0.005 && ratio < 0.10;
+    }
+
+    CYStringType type;
+    if (mode == CYStringifyModeNative)
+        type = CYStringTypeDouble;
+    else if (split)
+        type = CYStringTypeTemplate;
+    else if (quot > apos)
+        type = CYStringTypeSingle;
+    else
+        type = CYStringTypeDouble;
+
+    bool parens(split && mode != CYStringifyModeNative && type != CYStringTypeTemplate);
+    if (parens)
+        str << '(';
+
+    char border;
+    switch (type) {
+        case CYStringTypeSingle: border = '\''; break;
+        case CYStringTypeDouble: border = '"'; break;
+        case CYStringTypeTemplate: border = '`'; break;
+    }
+
+    str << border;
+
+    bool space(false);
+
+    for (const char *value(data), *end(data + size); value != end; ++value)
+        if (*value == ' ') {
+            space = true;
+            str << ' ';
+        } else { switch (uint8_t next = *value) {
+            case '\\': str << "\\\\"; break;
+            case '\b': str << "\\b"; break;
+            case '\f': str << "\\f"; break;
+            case '\r': str << "\\r"; break;
+            case '\t': str << "\\t"; break;
+            case '\v': str << "\\v"; break;
+
+            case '\a':
+                if (mode == CYStringifyModeNative)
+                    str << "\\a";
+                else goto simple;
+            break;
+
+            case '\n':
+                if (!split)
+                    str << "\\n";
+                /*else if (mode == CYStringifyModeNative)
+                    str << border << "\\\n" << border;*/
+                else if (type != CYStringTypeTemplate)
+                    str << border << '+' << border;
+                else if (!space)
+                    str << '\n';
+                else
+                    str << "\\n\\\n";
+            break;
+
+            case '$':
+                if (type == CYStringTypeTemplate)
+                    str << "\\$";
+                else goto simple;
+            break;
+
+            case '`':
+                if (type == CYStringTypeTemplate)
+                    str << "\\`";
+                else goto simple;
+            break;
+
+            case '"':
+                if (type == CYStringTypeDouble)
+                    str << "\\\"";
+                else goto simple;
+            break;
+
+            case '\'':
+                if (type == CYStringTypeSingle)
+                    str << "\\'";
+                else goto simple;
+            break;
+
+            case '\0':
+                if (mode != CYStringifyModeNative && value[1] >= '0' && value[1] <= '9')
+                    str << "\\x00";
+                else
+                    str << "\\0";
+            break;
+
+            default:
+                if (next >= 0x20 && next < 0x7f) simple:
+                    str << *value;
+                else if (mode == CYStringifyModeNative)
+                    str << "\\x" << std::setbase(16) << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << unsigned(*value & 0xff);
+                else {
+                    unsigned levels(1);
+                    if ((next & 0x80) != 0)
+                        while ((next & 0x80 >> ++levels) != 0);
+
+                    unsigned point(next & 0xff >> levels);
+                    while (--levels != 0)
+                        point = point << 6 | uint8_t(*++value) & 0x3f;
+
+                    if (point < 0x100)
+                        str << "\\x" << std::setbase(16) << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << point;
+                    else if (point < 0x10000)
+                        str << "\\u" << std::setbase(16) << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << point;
+                    else {
+                        point -= 0x10000;
+                        str << "\\u" << std::setbase(16) << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << (0xd800 | point >> 0x0a);
+                        str << "\\u" << std::setbase(16) << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << (0xdc00 | point & 0x3ff);
+                    }
+                }
+        } space = false; }
+
+    str << border;
 
-void CYAddressOf::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << *rhs_ << ".$()";
+    if (parens)
+        str << ')';
 }
 
-void CYArgument::Output(std::ostream &out, bool send) const {
-    if (!send && name_ != NULL) {
+void CYNumerify(std::ostringstream &str, double value) {
+    if (std::isinf(value)) {
+        if (value < 0)
+            str << '-';
+        str << "Infinity";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    char string[32];
+    // XXX: I want this to print 1e3 rather than 1000
+    sprintf(string, "%.17g", value);
+    str << string;
+}
+
+void CYOutput::Terminate() {
+    operator ()(';');
+    mode_ = NoMode;
+}
+
+CYOutput &CYOutput::operator <<(char rhs) {
+    if (rhs == ' ' || rhs == '\n')
+        if (pretty_)
+            operator ()(rhs);
+        else goto done;
+    else if (rhs == '\t')
+        if (pretty_)
+            for (unsigned i(0); i != indent_; ++i)
+                operator ()("    ", 4);
+        else goto done;
+    else if (rhs == '\r') {
+        if (right_) {
+            operator ()('\n');
+            right_ = false;
+        } goto done;
+    } else goto work;
+
+    right_ = true;
+    mode_ = NoMode;
+    goto done;
+
+  work:
+    if (mode_ == Terminated && rhs != '}') {
+        right_ = true;
+        operator ()(';');
+    }
+
+    if (rhs == ';') {
+        if (pretty_)
+            goto none;
+        else {
+            mode_ = Terminated;
+            goto done;
+        }
+    } else if (rhs == '+') {
+        if (mode_ == NoPlus)
+            operator ()(' ');
+        mode_ = NoPlus;
+    } else if (rhs == '-') {
+        if (mode_ == NoHyphen)
+            operator ()(' ');
+        mode_ = NoHyphen;
+    } else if (WordEndRange_[rhs]) {
+        if (mode_ == NoLetter)
+            operator ()(' ');
+        mode_ = NoLetter;
+    } else none:
+        mode_ = NoMode;
+
+    right_ = true;
+    operator ()(rhs);
+  done:
+    return *this;
+}
+
+CYOutput &CYOutput::operator <<(const char *rhs) {
+    size_t size(strlen(rhs));
+
+    if (size == 1)
+        return *this << *rhs;
+
+    if (mode_ == Terminated)
+        operator ()(';');
+    else if (
+        mode_ == NoPlus && *rhs == '+' ||
+        mode_ == NoHyphen && *rhs == '-' ||
+        mode_ == NoLetter && WordEndRange_[*rhs]
+    )
+        operator ()(' ');
+
+    char last(rhs[size - 1]);
+    if (WordEndRange_[last] || last == '/')
+        mode_ = NoLetter;
+    else
+        mode_ = NoMode;
+
+    right_ = true;
+    operator ()(rhs, size);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+void CYArgument::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    if (name_ != NULL) {
         out << *name_;
         if (value_ != NULL)
-            out << ":";
-    }
-    if (value_ != NULL) {
-        if (send)
-            out << ',';
-        value_->Output(out, true);
+            out << ':' << ' ';
     }
+    if (value_ != NULL)
+        value_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYNoFlags);
     if (next_ != NULL) {
-        if (!send)
-            if (next_->name_ != NULL)
-                out << ',';
-            else
-                out << ' ';
-        next_->Output(out, send);
+        out << ',';
+        out << ' ' << *next_;
     }
 }
 
-void CYBoolean::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << (Value() ? "true" : "false");
+void CYArray::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << '[' << elements_ << ']';
+}
+
+void CYArrayComprehension::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << '[' << *expression_ << ' ' << *comprehensions_ << ']';
+}
+
+void CYAssignment::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    lhs_->Output(out, Precedence() - 1, CYLeft(flags) | CYNoRightHand);
+    out << ' ' << Operator() << ' ';
+    rhs_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYRight(flags));
+}
+
+void CYBlock::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << code_;
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
+}
+
+void CYBoolean::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << '!' << (Value() ? "0" : "1");
+    if ((flags & CYNoInteger) != 0)
+        out << '.';
 }
 
-void CYBreak::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
+void CYBreak::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     out << "break";
     if (label_ != NULL)
         out << ' ' << *label_;
     out << ';';
 }
 
-void CYCall::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << *function_ << '(';
-    if (arguments_ != NULL)
-        arguments_->Output(out, false);
-    out << ')';
+void CYCall::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    bool protect((flags & CYNoCall) != 0);
+    if (protect)
+        out << '(';
+    function_->Output(out, Precedence(), protect ? CYNoFlags : flags);
+    out << '(' << arguments_ << ')';
+    if (protect)
+        out << ')';
+}
+
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+void Catch::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << ' ' << "catch" << ' ' << '(' << *name_ << ')' << ' ';
+    out << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << code_;
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
+}
+
+} }
+
+void CYClassExpression::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    bool protect((flags & CYNoClass) != 0);
+    if (protect)
+        out << '(';
+    out << "class";
+    if (name_ != NULL)
+        out << ' ' << *name_;
+    out << *tail_;;
+    if (protect)
+        out << ')';
 }
 
-void CYCatch::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "catch(" << *name_ << ')';
-    code_->Output(out, true);
+void CYClassStatement::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "class" << ' ' << *name_  << *tail_;
 }
 
-void CYCondition::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << *test_ << '?';
+void CYClassTail::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    if (extends_ == NULL)
+        out << ' ';
+    else {
+        out << '\n';
+        ++out.indent_;
+        out << "extends" << ' ';
+        extends_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_ - 1, CYNoFlags);
+        out << '\n';
+        --out.indent_;
+    }
+
+    out << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '}';
+}
+
+void CYCompound::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    if (next_ == NULL)
+        expression_->Output(out, flags);
+    else {
+        expression_->Output(out, CYLeft(flags));
+        out << ',' << ' ';
+        next_->Output(out, CYRight(flags));
+    }
+}
+
+void CYComputed::PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << '[';
+    expression_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYNoFlags);
+    out << ']';
+}
+
+void CYCondition::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    test_->Output(out, Precedence() - 1, CYLeft(flags));
+    out << ' ' << '?' << ' ';
     if (true_ != NULL)
-        out << *true_;
-    out << ':' << *false_;
+        true_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYNoColon);
+    out << ' ' << ':' << ' ';
+    false_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
-void CYContinue::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
+void CYContinue::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     out << "continue";
     if (label_ != NULL)
         out << ' ' << *label_;
     out << ';';
 }
 
-void CYClause::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    if (case_ != NULL)
-        out << "case" << *case_;
-    else
+void CYClause::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << '\t';
+    if (value_ == NULL)
         out << "default";
-    out << ':';
-    if (code_ != NULL)
-        code_->Output(out, false);
-    out << *next_;
+    else {
+        out << "case" << ' ';
+        value_->Output(out, CYNoColon);
+    }
+    out << ':' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << code_;
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << next_;
 }
 
-void CYDeclaration::Part(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "var ";
-    Output(out);
+void CYDebugger::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "debugger" << ';';
 }
 
-void CYDeclaration::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
+void CYBinding::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     out << *identifier_;
-    if (initialiser_ != NULL)
-        out << '=' << *initialiser_;
+    //out.out_ << ':' << identifier_->usage_ << '#' << identifier_->offset_;
+    if (initializer_ != NULL) {
+        out << ' ' << '=' << ' ';
+        initializer_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYRight(flags));
+    }
 }
 
-void CYDeclarations::Part(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "var ";
-    const CYDeclarations *declaration(this);
-    do {
-        out << *declaration->declaration_;
-        declaration = declaration->next_;
-    } while (declaration != NULL);
+void CYBindings::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    Output(out, CYNoFlags);
 }
 
-void CYDeclarations::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    Part(out);
-    out << ';';
+void CYBindings::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    const CYBindings *binding(this);
+    bool first(true);
+
+    for (;;) {
+        CYBindings *next(binding->next_);
+
+        CYFlags jacks(first ? CYLeft(flags) : next == NULL ? CYRight(flags) : CYCenter(flags));
+        first = false;
+        binding->binding_->Output(out, jacks);
+
+        if (next == NULL)
+            break;
+
+        out << ',' << ' ';
+        binding = next;
+    }
 }
 
-void CYDoWhile::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "do ";
-    code_->Output(out, false);
-    out << "while" << *test_ << ';';
+void CYDirectMember::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    object_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYLeft(flags) | CYNoInteger);
+    if (const char *word = property_->Word())
+        out << '.' << word;
+    else
+        out << '[' << *property_ << ']';
 }
 
-void CYElement::Output(std::ostream &out, bool raw) const {
-    if (!raw)
-        out << '[';
+void CYDoWhile::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "do";
+
+    unsigned line(out.position_.line);
+    unsigned indent(out.indent_);
+    code_->Single(out, CYCenter(flags), CYCompactLong);
+
+    if (out.position_.line != line && out.recent_ == indent)
+        out << ' ';
+    else
+        out << '\n' << '\t';
+
+    out << "while" << ' ' << '(' << *test_ << ')';
+}
+
+void CYElementSpread::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "..." << value_;
+}
+
+void CYElementValue::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
     if (value_ != NULL)
-        value_->Output(out, true);
-    if (next_ != NULL) {
+        value_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYNoFlags);
+    if (next_ != NULL || value_ == NULL) {
         out << ',';
-        next_->Output(out, true);
+        if (next_ != NULL && !next_->Elision())
+            out << ' ';
     }
-    if (!raw)
-        out << ']';
+    if (next_ != NULL)
+        next_->Output(out);
 }
 
-void CYElement::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    Output(out, false);
+void CYEmpty::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out.Terminate();
 }
 
-void CYEmpty::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
+void CYEval::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    _assert(false);
+}
+
+void CYExpress::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    expression_->Output(out, flags | CYNoBFC);
     out << ';';
 }
 
-void CYEmpty::Output(std::ostream &out, bool block) const {
-    if (next_ != NULL)
-        CYSource::Output(out, block);
+void CYExpression::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    Output(out, CYNoFlags);
+}
+
+void CYExpression::Output(CYOutput &out, int precedence, CYFlags flags) const {
+    if (precedence < Precedence() || (flags & CYNoRightHand) != 0 && RightHand())
+        out << '(' << *this << ')';
     else
-        out << "{}";
+        Output(out, flags);
 }
 
-void CYExpress::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    expression_->Output(out, true);
-    out << ';';
+void CYExtend::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    lhs_->Output(out, CYLeft(flags));
+    out << ' ' << object_;
 }
 
-void CYExpression::Part(std::ostream &out) const {
-    Output(out, true);
+void CYExternalDefinition::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "extern" << ' ' << abi_ << ' ';
+    type_->Output(out, name_);
+    out.Terminate();
 }
 
-void CYExpression::Output(std::ostream &out, bool raw) const {
-    if (!raw)
-        out << '(';
-    Output(out);
-    if (next_ != NULL) {
-        out << ',';
-        next_->Output(out, true);
-    }
-    if (!raw)
-        out << ')';
+void CYExternalExpression::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << '(' << "extern" << ' ' << abi_ << ' ';
+    type_->Output(out, name_);
+    out << ')';
 }
 
-void CYFor::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "for(";
-    if (initialiser_ != NULL)
-        initialiser_->Part(out);
-    out << ';';
+void CYFatArrow::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << '(' << parameters_ << ')' << ' ' << "=>" << ' ' << '{' << code_ << '}';
+}
+
+void CYFinally::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << ' ' << "finally" << ' ';
+    out << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << code_;
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
+}
+
+void CYFor::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "for" << ' ' << '(';
+    if (initializer_ != NULL)
+        initializer_->Output(out, CYNoIn);
+    out.Terminate();
     if (test_ != NULL)
-        test_->Output(out, true);
-    out << ';';
+        out << ' ';
+    out << test_;
+    out.Terminate();
     if (increment_ != NULL)
-        increment_->Output(out, true);
+        out << ' ';
+    out << increment_;
     out << ')';
-    code_->Output(out, false);
+    code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags), CYCompactShort);
 }
 
-void CYForIn::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "for(";
-    initialiser_->Part(out);
-    out << " in ";
-    set_->Output(out, true);
-    out << ')';
-    code_->Output(out, false);
+void CYForLexical::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << (constant_ ? "const" : "let") << ' ';
+    binding_->Output(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
-void CYFunction::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    CYLambda::Output(out);
+void CYForIn::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "for" << ' ' << '(';
+    initializer_->Output(out, CYNoIn | CYNoRightHand);
+    out << ' ' << "in" << ' ' << *iterable_ << ')';
+    code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags), CYCompactShort);
 }
 
-void CYIf::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "if" << *test_;
-    true_->Output(out, true);
-    if (false_ != NULL) {
-        out << "else ";
-        false_->Output(out, false);
-    }
+void CYForInitialized::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "for" << ' ' << '(' << "var" << ' ';
+    binding_->Output(out, CYNoIn | CYNoRightHand);
+    out << ' ' << "in" << ' ' << *iterable_ << ')';
+    code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags), CYCompactShort);
+}
+
+void CYForInComprehension::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "for" << ' ' << '(';
+    binding_->Output(out, CYNoIn | CYNoRightHand);
+    out << ' ' << "in" << ' ' << *iterable_ << ')';
+}
+
+void CYForOf::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "for" << ' ' << '(';
+    initializer_->Output(out, CYNoRightHand);
+    out << ' ' << "of" << ' ' << *iterable_ << ')';
+    code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags), CYCompactShort);
 }
 
-void CYIndirect::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << *rhs_ << "[0]";
+void CYForOfComprehension::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "for" << ' ' << '(';
+    binding_->Output(out, CYNoRightHand);
+    out << ' ' << "of" << ' ' << *iterable_ << ')' << next_;
 }
 
-void CYInfix::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << *lhs_ << Operator() << *rhs_;
+void CYForVariable::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "var" << ' ';
+    binding_->Output(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
-void CYLambda::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
+void CYFunction::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << '(' << parameters_ << ')' << ' ';
+    out << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << code_;
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
+}
+
+void CYFunctionExpression::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    // XXX: one could imagine using + here to save a byte
+    bool protect((flags & CYNoFunction) != 0);
+    if (protect)
+        out << '(';
     out << "function";
     if (name_ != NULL)
         out << ' ' << *name_;
+    CYFunction::Output(out);
+    if (protect)
+        out << ')';
+}
+
+void CYFunctionStatement::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "function" << ' ' << *name_;
+    CYFunction::Output(out);
+}
+
+void CYFunctionParameter::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    binding_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
+    if (next_ != NULL)
+        out << ',' << ' ' << *next_;
+}
+
+const char *CYIdentifier::Word() const {
+    return next_ == NULL || next_ == this ? CYWord::Word() : next_->Word();
+}
+
+void CYIf::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    bool protect(false);
+    if (false_ == NULL && (flags & CYNoDangle) != 0) {
+        protect = true;
+        out << '{';
+    }
+
+    out << "if" << ' ' << '(' << *test_ << ')';
+
+    CYFlags right(protect ? CYNoFlags : CYRight(flags));
+
+    CYFlags jacks(CYNoDangle);
+    if (false_ == NULL)
+        jacks |= right;
+    else
+        jacks |= protect ? CYNoFlags : CYCenter(flags);
+
+    unsigned line(out.position_.line);
+    unsigned indent(out.indent_);
+    true_->Single(out, jacks, CYCompactShort);
+
+    if (false_ != NULL) {
+        if (out.position_.line != line && out.recent_ == indent)
+            out << ' ';
+        else
+            out << '\n' << '\t';
+
+        out << "else";
+        false_->Single(out, right, CYCompactLong);
+    }
+
+    if (protect)
+        out << '}';
+}
+
+void CYIfComprehension::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "if" << ' ' << '(' << *test_ << ')' << next_;
+}
+
+void CYImport::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "@import";
+}
+
+void CYImportDeclaration::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    _assert(false);
+}
+
+void CYIndirect::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "*";
+    rhs_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYRight(flags));
+}
+
+void CYIndirectMember::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    object_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYLeft(flags));
+    if (const char *word = property_->Word())
+        out << "->" << word;
+    else
+        out << "->" << '[' << *property_ << ']';
+}
+
+void CYInfix::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    const char *name(Operator());
+    bool protect((flags & CYNoIn) != 0 && strcmp(name, "in") == 0);
+    if (protect)
+        out << '(';
+    CYFlags left(protect ? CYNoFlags : CYLeft(flags));
+    lhs_->Output(out, Precedence(), left);
+    out << ' ' << name << ' ';
+    CYFlags right(protect ? CYNoFlags : CYRight(flags));
+    rhs_->Output(out, Precedence() - 1, right);
+    if (protect)
+        out << ')';
+}
+
+void CYLabel::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << *name_ << ':';
+    statement_->Single(out, CYRight(flags), CYCompactShort);
+}
+
+void CYParenthetical::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     out << '(';
-    if (parameters_ != NULL)
-        out << *parameters_;
+    expression_->Output(out, CYCompound::Precedence_, CYNoFlags);
     out << ')';
-    body_->Output(out, true);
 }
 
-void CYMember::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << *object_ << '[';
-    property_->Output(out, true);
+void CYStatement::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    Multiple(out);
+}
+
+void CYTemplate::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    _assert(false);
+}
+
+void CYTypeArrayOf::Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const {
+    next_->Output(out, Precedence(), name, false);
+    out << '[';
+    out << size_;
     out << ']';
 }
 
-void CYMessage::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "objc_msgSend(";
-    self_->Output(out, true);
-    out << ",\"";
-    for (CYArgument *argument(arguments_); argument != NULL; argument = argument->next_)
-        if (argument->name_ != NULL) {
-            out << *argument->name_;
-            if (argument->value_ != NULL)
-                out << ':';
-        }
-    out << "\"";
-    if (arguments_ != NULL)
-        arguments_->Output(out, true);
-    out << ')';
+void CYTypeBlockWith::Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const {
+    out << '(' << '^';
+    next_->Output(out, Precedence(), name, false);
+    out << ')' << '(' << parameters_ << ')';
 }
 
-void CYNew::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "new " << *constructor_ << '(';
-    if (arguments_ != NULL)
-        arguments_->Output(out, false);
+void CYTypeConstant::Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const {
+    out << "const";
+    next_->Output(out, Precedence(), name, false);
+}
+
+void CYTypeFunctionWith::Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const {
+    next_->Output(out, Precedence(), name, false);
+    out << '(' << parameters_;
+    if (variadic_) {
+        if (parameters_ != NULL)
+            out << ',' << ' ';
+        out << "...";
+    }
     out << ')';
 }
 
-void CYNull::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    CYWord::Output(out);
+void CYTypePointerTo::Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const {
+    out << '*';
+    next_->Output(out, Precedence(), name, false);
 }
 
-void CYNumber::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    // XXX: this is not a useful formatting
-    out << Value();
+void CYTypeVolatile::Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const {
+    out << "volatile";
+    next_->Output(out, Precedence(), name, true);
 }
 
-void CYParameter::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << *name_;
-    if (next_ != NULL) {
-        out << ',';
-        out << *next_;
+void CYTypeModifier::Output(CYOutput &out, int precedence, CYPropertyName *name, bool space) const {
+    if (this == NULL && name == NULL)
+        return;
+    else if (space)
+        out << ' ';
+
+    if (this == NULL) {
+        name->PropertyName(out);
+        return;
     }
+
+    bool protect(precedence > Precedence());
+
+    if (protect)
+        out << '(';
+    Output(out, name);
+    if (protect)
+        out << ')';
 }
 
-void CYPostfix::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << *lhs_ << Operator();
+void CYType::Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const {
+    out << *specifier_;
+    modifier_->Output(out, 0, name, true);
 }
 
-void CYPrefix::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << Operator() << *rhs_;
+void CYType::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    Output(out, NULL);
 }
 
-void CYProperty::Output(std::ostream &out, bool raw) const {
-    if (!raw)
-        out << '{';
-    out << *name_ << ':' << *value_;
-    if (next_ != NULL) {
+void CYEncodedType::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "@encode(" << typed_ << ")";
+}
+
+void CYTypedParameter::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    type_->Output(out, name_);
+    if (next_ != NULL)
+        out << ',' << ' ' << next_;
+}
+
+void CYLambda::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    // XXX: this is seriously wrong
+    out << "[](";
+    out << ")->";
+    out << "{";
+    out << "}";
+}
+
+void CYTypeDefinition::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "typedef" << ' ';
+    type_->Output(out, name_);
+    out.Terminate();
+}
+
+void CYTypeExpression::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << '(' << "typedef" << ' ' << *typed_ << ')';
+}
+
+void CYLexical::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "let" << ' ';
+    bindings_->Output(out, flags); // XXX: flags
+    out << ';';
+}
+
+void CYModule::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << part_;
+    if (next_ != NULL)
+        out << '.' << next_;
+}
+
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+void New::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "new" << ' ';
+    CYFlags jacks(CYNoCall | CYCenter(flags));
+    constructor_->Output(out, Precedence(), jacks);
+    if (arguments_ != NULL)
+        out << '(' << *arguments_ << ')';
+}
+
+} }
+
+void CYNull::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "null";
+}
+
+void CYNumber::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    std::ostringstream str;
+    CYNumerify(str, Value());
+    std::string value(str.str());
+    out << value.c_str();
+    // XXX: this should probably also handle hex conversions and exponents
+    if ((flags & CYNoInteger) != 0 && value.find('.') == std::string::npos)
+        out << '.';
+}
+
+void CYNumber::PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const {
+    Output(out, CYNoFlags);
+}
+
+void CYObject::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    bool protect((flags & CYNoBrace) != 0);
+    if (protect)
+        out << '(';
+    out << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << properties_;
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
+    if (protect)
+        out << ')';
+}
+
+void CYPostfix::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    lhs_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYLeft(flags));
+    out << Operator();
+}
+
+void CYPrefix::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    const char *name(Operator());
+    out << name;
+    if (Alphabetic())
+        out << ' ';
+    rhs_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYRight(flags));
+}
+
+void CYScript::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << code_;
+}
+
+void CYProperty::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    if (next_ != NULL || out.pretty_)
         out << ',';
-        next_->Output(out, true);
-    }
-    if (!raw)
-        out << '}';
+    out << '\n' <<  next_;
+}
+
+void CYPropertyGetter::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "get" << ' ';
+    name_->PropertyName(out);
+    CYFunction::Output(out);
+    CYProperty::Output(out);
+}
+
+void CYPropertyMethod::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    name_->PropertyName(out);
+    CYFunction::Output(out);
+    CYProperty::Output(out);
+}
+
+void CYPropertySetter::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "set" << ' ';
+    name_->PropertyName(out);
+    CYFunction::Output(out);
+    CYProperty::Output(out);
+}
+
+void CYPropertyValue::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << '\t';
+    name_->PropertyName(out);
+    out << ':' << ' ';
+    value_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYNoFlags);
+    CYProperty::Output(out);
+}
+
+void CYRegEx::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << Value();
 }
 
-void CYProperty::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    Output(out, false);
+void CYResolveMember::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    object_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYLeft(flags));
+    if (const char *word = property_->Word())
+        out << "::" << word;
+    else
+        out << "::" << '[' << *property_ << ']';
 }
 
-void CYReturn::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
+void CYReturn::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     out << "return";
     if (value_ != NULL)
         out << ' ' << *value_;
     out << ';';
 }
 
-void CYSource::Part(std::ostream &out) const {
-    for (const CYSource *next(this); next != NULL; next = next->next_)
-        next->Output(out);
+void CYRubyBlock::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    lhs_->Output(out, CYLeft(flags));
+    out << ' ';
+    proc_->Output(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
-void CYSource::Output(std::ostream &out, bool block) const {
-    if (!block && next_ == NULL)
-        Output(out);
+void CYRubyProc::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << '{' << ' ' << '|' << parameters_ << '|' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << code_;
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
+}
+
+void CYSubscriptMember::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    object_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYLeft(flags));
+    out << "." << '[' << *property_ << ']';
+}
+
+void CYStatement::Multiple(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    bool first(true);
+    CYForEach (next, this) {
+        bool last(next->next_ == NULL);
+        CYFlags jacks(first ? last ? flags : CYLeft(flags) : last ? CYRight(flags) : CYCenter(flags));
+        first = false;
+        out << '\t';
+        next->Output(out, jacks);
+        out << '\n';
+    }
+}
+
+void CYStatement::Single(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags, CYCompactType request) const {
+    if (this == NULL)
+        return out.Terminate();
+
+    _assert(next_ == NULL);
+
+    CYCompactType compact(Compact());
+
+    if (compact >= request)
+        out << ' ';
     else {
-        out << '{';
-        Part(out);
-        out << '}';
+        out << '\n';
+        ++out.indent_;
+        out << '\t';
     }
+
+    Output(out, flags);
+
+    if (compact < request)
+        --out.indent_;
 }
 
-void CYString::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << '\"';
-    for (const char *value(value_), *end(value_ + size_); value != end; ++value)
-        switch (*value) {
-            case '"': out << "\\\""; break;
-            case '\\': out << "\\\\"; break;
-            case '\b': out << "\\b"; break;
-            case '\f': out << "\\f"; break;
-            case '\n': out << "\\n"; break;
-            case '\r': out << "\\r"; break;
-            case '\t': out << "\\t"; break;
-            case '\v': out << "\\v"; break;
+void CYString::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    std::ostringstream str;
+    CYStringify(str, value_, size_, CYStringifyModeLegacy);
+    out << str.str().c_str();
+}
 
-            default:
-                if (*value < 0x20 || *value >= 0x7f)
-                    out << "\\x" << std::setbase(16) << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << unsigned(*value);
-                else
-                    out << *value;
-        }
-    out << '\"';
+void CYString::PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const {
+    if (const char *word = Word())
+        out << word;
+    else
+        out << *this;
 }
 
-void CYSwitch::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "switch" << *value_ << '{';
-    if (clauses_ != NULL)
-        out << *clauses_;
-    out << '}';
+static const char *Reserved_[] = {
+    "false", "null", "true",
+
+    "break", "case", "catch", "continue", "default",
+    "delete", "do", "else", "finally", "for", "function",
+    "if", "in", "instanceof", "new", "return", "switch",
+    "this", "throw", "try", "typeof", "var", "void",
+    "while", "with",
+
+    "debugger", "const",
+
+    "class", "enum", "export", "extends", "import", "super",
+
+    "abstract", "boolean", "byte", "char", "double", "final",
+    "float", "goto", "int", "long", "native", "short",
+    "synchronized", "throws", "transient", "volatile",
+
+    "let", "yield",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
+const char *CYString::Word() const {
+    if (size_ == 0 || !WordStartRange_[value_[0]])
+        return NULL;
+    for (size_t i(1); i != size_; ++i)
+        if (!WordEndRange_[value_[i]])
+            return NULL;
+    const char *value(Value());
+    for (const char **reserved(Reserved_); *reserved != NULL; ++reserved)
+        if (strcmp(*reserved, value) == 0)
+            return NULL;
+    return value;
 }
 
-void CYThis::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    CYWord::Output(out);
+void CYStructDefinition::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "struct" << ' ' << *name_ << *tail_;
 }
 
-void CYThrow::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "return";
+void CYStructTail::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << ' ' << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    CYForEach (field, fields_) {
+        out << '\t';
+        field->type_->Output(out, field->name_);
+        out.Terminate();
+        out << '\n';
+    }
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
+}
+
+void CYSuperAccess::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "super";
+    if (const char *word = property_->Word())
+        out << '.' << word;
+    else
+        out << '[' << *property_ << ']';
+}
+
+void CYSuperCall::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "super" << '(' << arguments_ << ')';
+}
+
+void CYSwitch::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "switch" << ' ' << '(' << *value_ << ')' << ' ' << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << clauses_;
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
+}
+
+void CYSymbol::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    bool protect((flags & CYNoColon) != 0);
+    if (protect)
+        out << '(';
+    out << ':' << name_;
+    if (protect)
+        out << ')';
+}
+
+void CYThis::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "this";
+}
+
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+void Throw::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "throw";
     if (value_ != NULL)
         out << ' ' << *value_;
     out << ';';
 }
 
-void CYTry::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "try";
-    try_->Output(out, true);
-    if (catch_ != NULL)
-        out << catch_;
-    if (finally_ != NULL) {
-        out << "finally";
-        finally_->Output(out, true);
+void Try::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "try" << ' ';
+    out << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << code_;
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
+    out << catch_ << finally_;
+}
+
+} }
+
+void CYTypeCharacter::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    switch (signing_) {
+        case CYTypeNeutral: break;
+        case CYTypeSigned: out << "signed" << ' '; break;
+        case CYTypeUnsigned: out << "unsigned" << ' '; break;
+    }
+
+    out << "char";
+}
+
+void CYTypeEnum::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "enum" << ' ';
+    if (name_ != NULL)
+        out << *name_;
+    else {
+        if (specifier_ != NULL)
+            out << ':' << ' ' << *specifier_ << ' ';
+
+        out << '{' << '\n';
+        ++out.indent_;
+        bool comma(false);
+
+        CYForEach (constant, constants_) {
+            if (comma)
+                out << ',' << '\n';
+            else
+                comma = true;
+            out << '\t' << constant->name_;
+            out << ' ' << '=' << ' ' << constant->value_;
+        }
+
+        if (out.pretty_)
+            out << ',';
+        out << '\n';
+        --out.indent_;
+        out << '\t' << '}';
     }
 }
 
-void CYVariable::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
+void CYTypeError::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "@error";
+}
+
+void CYTypeFloating::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    switch (length_) {
+        case 0: out << "float"; break;
+        case 1: out << "double"; break;
+        case 2: out << "long" << ' ' << "double"; break;
+        default: _assert(false);
+    }
+}
+
+void CYTypeInt128::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    switch (signing_) {
+        case CYTypeNeutral: break;
+        case CYTypeSigned: out << "signed" << ' '; break;
+        case CYTypeUnsigned: out << "unsigned" << ' '; break;
+    }
+
+    out << "__int128";
+}
+
+void CYTypeIntegral::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    if (signing_ == CYTypeUnsigned)
+        out << "unsigned" << ' ';
+    switch (length_) {
+        case 0: out << "short"; break;
+        case 1: out << "int"; break;
+        case 2: out << "long"; break;
+        case 3: out << "long" << ' ' << "long"; break;
+        default: _assert(false);
+    }
+}
+
+void CYTypeStruct::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "struct";
+    if (name_ != NULL)
+        out << ' ' << *name_;
+    else
+        out << *tail_;
+}
+
+void CYTypeReference::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    switch (kind_) {
+        case CYTypeReferenceStruct: out << "struct"; break;
+        case CYTypeReferenceEnum: out << "enum"; break;
+        default: _assert(false);
+    }
+
+    out << ' ' << *name_;
+}
+
+void CYTypeVariable::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
     out << *name_;
 }
 
-void CYWhile::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "while" << *test_;
-    code_->Output(out, false);
+void CYTypeVoid::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "void";
 }
 
-void CYWith::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << "with" << *scope_;
-    code_->Output(out, false);
+void CYVar::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "var" << ' ';
+    bindings_->Output(out, flags); // XXX: flags
+    out << ';';
 }
 
-void CYWord::Output(std::ostream &out) const {
-    out << Value();
+void CYVariable::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << *name_;
+}
+
+void CYWhile::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "while" << ' ' << '(' << *test_ << ')';
+    code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags), CYCompactShort);
+}
+
+void CYWith::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "with" << ' ' << '(' << *scope_ << ')';
+    code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags), CYCompactShort);
+}
+
+void CYWord::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << Word();
+    if (out.options_.verbose_) {
+        out('@');
+        char number[32];
+        sprintf(number, "%p", this);
+        out(number);
+    }
+}
+
+void CYWord::PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const {
+    Output(out);
+}
+
+const char *CYWord::Word() const {
+    return word_;
 }