X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/51b2dc6b0c969f9297c8464cb91e93d65819e0ae..2c4a8bb6222b88ff96fbf25372179646ce15f706:/Syntax.hpp

diff --git a/Syntax.hpp b/Syntax.hpp
index a83659d..4b25b30 100644
--- a/Syntax.hpp
+++ b/Syntax.hpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
- * Copyright (C) 2009-2015  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+/* Cycript - The Truly Universal Scripting Language
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2016  Jay Freeman (saurik)
 */
 
 /* GNU Affero General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
@@ -28,13 +28,30 @@
 #include <streambuf>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
-#include <map>
-#include <set>
 
 #include "List.hpp"
 #include "Location.hpp"
 #include "Options.hpp"
 #include "Pooling.hpp"
+#include "String.hpp"
+
+double CYCastDouble(const char *value, size_t size);
+double CYCastDouble(const char *value);
+double CYCastDouble(CYUTF8String value);
+
+void CYNumerify(std::ostringstream &str, double value);
+
+enum CYStringifyMode {
+    CYStringifyModeLegacy,
+    CYStringifyModeCycript,
+    CYStringifyModeNative,
+};
+
+void CYStringify(std::ostringstream &str, const char *data, size_t size, CYStringifyMode mode);
+
+// XXX: this really should not be here ... :/
+void *CYPoolFile(CYPool &pool, const char *path, size_t *psize);
+CYUTF8String CYPoolFileUTF8String(CYPool &pool, const char *path);
 
 struct CYContext;
 
@@ -110,6 +127,8 @@ struct CYOutput {
 
 struct CYExpression;
 struct CYAssignment;
+struct CYIdentifier;
+struct CYNumber;
 
 struct CYPropertyName {
     virtual bool Computed() const {
@@ -120,6 +139,14 @@ struct CYPropertyName {
         return false;
     }
 
+    virtual CYIdentifier *Identifier() {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     virtual CYExpression *PropertyName(CYContext &context) = 0;
     virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
 };
@@ -140,6 +167,7 @@ enum CYFlags {
     CYNoRightHand =  (1 << 5),
     CYNoDangle =     (1 << 6),
     CYNoInteger =    (1 << 7),
+    CYNoColon =      (1 << 8),
     CYNoBFC =        (CYNoBrace | CYNoFunction | CYNoClass),
 };
 
@@ -201,6 +229,13 @@ struct CYStatement :
 
 typedef CYList<CYStatement> CYStatements;
 
+struct CYForInitializer :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    virtual CYForInitializer *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+};
+
 struct CYWord :
     CYThing,
     CYPropertyName
@@ -212,10 +247,6 @@ struct CYWord :
     {
     }
 
-    void Set(const char *value) {
-        word_ = value;
-    }
-
     virtual bool Constructor() const {
         return strcmp(word_, "constructor") == 0;
     }
@@ -232,24 +263,37 @@ _finline std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &lhs, const CYWord &rhs) {
     return lhs << rhs.Word();
 }
 
+enum CYIdentifierKind {
+    CYIdentifierArgument,
+    CYIdentifierCatch,
+    CYIdentifierGlobal,
+    CYIdentifierLexical,
+    CYIdentifierMagic,
+    CYIdentifierOther,
+    CYIdentifierVariable,
+};
+
 struct CYIdentifier :
     CYNext<CYIdentifier>,
     CYWord
 {
-    CYIdentifier *replace_;
+    CYLocation location_;
     size_t offset_;
     size_t usage_;
 
     CYIdentifier(const char *word) :
         CYWord(word),
-        replace_(NULL),
         offset_(0),
         usage_(0)
     {
     }
 
+    CYIdentifier *Identifier() override {
+        return this;
+    }
+
     virtual const char *Word() const;
-    CYIdentifier *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYIdentifier *Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind);
 };
 
 struct CYLabel :
@@ -286,38 +330,43 @@ struct CYIdentifierValueLess :
     }
 };
 
-enum CYIdentifierFlags {
-    CYIdentifierArgument,
-    CYIdentifierVariable,
-    CYIdentifierOther,
-    CYIdentifierMagic,
-    CYIdentifierCatch,
-};
-
-typedef std::set<const char *, CYCStringLess> CYCStringSet;
-typedef std::set<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifierValueLess> CYIdentifierValueSet;
-typedef std::map<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifierFlags> CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap;
-
-struct CYIdentifierUsage {
+struct CYIdentifierFlags :
+    CYNext<CYIdentifierFlags>
+{
     CYIdentifier *identifier_;
-    size_t usage_;
-};
+    CYIdentifierKind kind_;
+    unsigned count_;
+    unsigned offset_;
 
-typedef std::vector<CYIdentifierUsage> CYIdentifierUsageVector;
+    CYIdentifierFlags(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierKind kind, CYIdentifierFlags *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYIdentifierFlags>(next),
+        identifier_(identifier),
+        kind_(kind),
+        count_(0),
+        offset_(0)
+    {
+    }
+};
 
 struct CYScope {
     bool transparent_;
     CYScope *parent_;
+    bool damaged_;
+    CYIdentifierFlags *shadow_;
 
-    CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap internal_;
-    CYIdentifierValueSet identifiers_;
+    CYIdentifierFlags *internal_;
 
     CYScope(bool transparent, CYContext &context);
 
-    void Declare(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierFlags flags);
-    virtual CYIdentifier *Lookup(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier);
-    void Merge(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier);
+    CYIdentifierFlags *Lookup(CYContext &context, const char *word);
+    CYIdentifierFlags *Lookup(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier);
+
+    CYIdentifierFlags *Declare(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierKind kind);
+    void Merge(CYContext &context, const CYIdentifierFlags *flags);
+
     void Close(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements);
+    void Close(CYContext &context);
+    void Damage();
 };
 
 struct CYScript :
@@ -344,12 +393,12 @@ struct CYContext {
     CYThisScope *this_;
     CYIdentifier *super_;
 
-    CYIdentifierUsageVector rename_;
-
     CYNonLocal *nonlocal_;
     CYNonLocal *nextlocal_;
     unsigned unique_;
 
+    std::vector<CYIdentifier *> replace_;
+
     CYContext(CYOptions &options) :
         options_(options),
         scope_(NULL),
@@ -444,18 +493,13 @@ struct CYBlock :
     virtual CYStatement *Return();
 };
 
-struct CYForInitializer {
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
-};
+struct CYTarget;
+struct CYVar;
 
 struct CYForInInitializer {
-    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
-    virtual CYStatement *ForEachIn(CYContext &out, CYExpression *value) = 0;
-
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
-    virtual CYAssignment *Assignment(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    virtual CYStatement *Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) = 0;
 
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
 };
 
@@ -465,8 +509,6 @@ struct CYNumber;
 struct CYString;
 
 struct CYExpression :
-    CYForInitializer,
-    CYForInInitializer,
     CYThing
 {
     virtual int Precedence() const = 0;
@@ -475,17 +517,17 @@ struct CYExpression :
         return true;
     }
 
-    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-    virtual CYStatement *ForEachIn(CYContext &out, CYExpression *value);
+    virtual bool Eval() const {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+    virtual CYTarget *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
 
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
     void Output(CYOutput &out, int precedence, CYFlags flags) const;
 
     virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
-    virtual CYAssignment *Assignment(CYContext &context);
 
     virtual CYExpression *Primitive(CYContext &context) {
         return NULL;
@@ -506,6 +548,24 @@ struct CYExpression :
     }
 };
 
+struct CYTarget :
+    CYExpression,
+    CYForInInitializer
+{
+    virtual bool RightHand() const {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool IsNew() const {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    using CYExpression::Output;
+};
+
 #define CYAlphabetic(value) \
     virtual bool Alphabetic() const { \
         return value; \
@@ -517,11 +577,6 @@ struct CYExpression :
         return Precedence_; \
     }
 
-#define CYRightHand(value) \
-    virtual bool RightHand() const { \
-        return value; \
-    }
-
 struct CYCompound :
     CYExpression
 {
@@ -545,7 +600,7 @@ struct CYCompound :
 };
 
 struct CYParenthetical :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *expression_;
 
@@ -556,21 +611,21 @@ struct CYParenthetical :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYDeclaration;
+struct CYBinding;
 
 struct CYFunctionParameter :
     CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>,
     CYThing
 {
-    CYForInInitializer *initialiser_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
 
-    CYFunctionParameter(CYForInInitializer *initialiser, CYFunctionParameter *next = NULL) :
+    CYFunctionParameter(CYBinding *binding, CYFunctionParameter *next = NULL) :
         CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>(next),
-        initialiser_(initialiser)
+        binding_(binding)
     {
     }
 
@@ -587,11 +642,6 @@ struct CYComprehension :
     {
     }
 
-    CYComprehension *Modify(CYComprehension *next) {
-        next_ = next;
-        return this;
-    }
-
     virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const = 0;
     CYFunctionParameter *Parameters(CYContext &context) const;
     virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
@@ -601,13 +651,13 @@ struct CYComprehension :
 struct CYForInComprehension :
     CYComprehension
 {
-    CYDeclaration *declaration_;
-    CYExpression *set_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
+    CYExpression *iterable_;
 
-    CYForInComprehension(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYExpression *set, CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
+    CYForInComprehension(CYBinding *binding, CYExpression *iterable, CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
         CYComprehension(next),
-        declaration_(declaration),
-        set_(set)
+        binding_(binding),
+        iterable_(iterable)
     {
     }
 
@@ -619,13 +669,13 @@ struct CYForInComprehension :
 struct CYForOfComprehension :
     CYComprehension
 {
-    CYDeclaration *declaration_;
-    CYExpression *set_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
+    CYExpression *iterable_;
 
-    CYForOfComprehension(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYExpression *set, CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
+    CYForOfComprehension(CYBinding *binding, CYExpression *iterable, CYComprehension *next = NULL) :
         CYComprehension(next),
-        declaration_(declaration),
-        set_(set)
+        binding_(binding),
+        iterable_(iterable)
     {
     }
 
@@ -651,7 +701,7 @@ struct CYIfComprehension :
 };
 
 struct CYArrayComprehension :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *expression_;
     CYComprehension *comprehensions_;
@@ -664,15 +714,16 @@ struct CYArrayComprehension :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYLiteral :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
+    CYLocation location_;
+
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
     virtual CYExpression *Primitive(CYContext &context) {
         return this;
@@ -682,14 +733,13 @@ struct CYLiteral :
 struct CYTrivial :
     CYLiteral
 {
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYMagic :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 };
 
 struct CYRange {
@@ -751,6 +801,7 @@ struct CYString :
         return value_;
     }
 
+    virtual CYIdentifier *Identifier() const;
     virtual const char *Word() const;
 
     virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
@@ -782,7 +833,7 @@ struct CYSpan :
 };
 
 struct CYTemplate :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYString *string_;
     CYSpan *spans_;
@@ -794,9 +845,10 @@ struct CYTemplate :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -873,13 +925,19 @@ struct CYNull :
 struct CYThis :
     CYMagic
 {
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYBoolean :
     CYTrivial
 {
+    CYPrecedence(4)
+
+    virtual bool RightHand() const {
+        return true;
+    }
+
     virtual bool Value() const = 0;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
@@ -907,7 +965,7 @@ struct CYTrue :
 };
 
 struct CYVariable :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYIdentifier *name_;
 
@@ -922,14 +980,33 @@ struct CYVariable :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual bool Eval() const {
+        return strcmp(name_->Word(), "eval") == 0;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 
     virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter() const;
 };
 
+struct CYSymbol :
+    CYTarget
+{
+    const char *name_;
+
+    CYSymbol(const char *name) :
+        name_(name)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
 struct CYPrefix :
     CYExpression
 {
@@ -993,17 +1070,17 @@ struct CYPostfix :
 struct CYAssignment :
     CYExpression
 {
-    CYExpression *lhs_;
+    CYTarget *lhs_;
     CYExpression *rhs_;
 
-    CYAssignment(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) :
+    CYAssignment(CYTarget *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) :
         lhs_(lhs),
         rhs_(rhs)
     {
     }
 
-    void SetLeft(CYExpression *lhs) {
-        lhs_ = lhs;
+    void SetRight(CYExpression *rhs) {
+        rhs_ = rhs;
     }
 
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
@@ -1043,11 +1120,11 @@ struct CYClause :
     CYThing,
     CYNext<CYClause>
 {
-    CYExpression *case_;
+    CYExpression *value_;
     CYStatement *code_;
 
-    CYClause(CYExpression *_case, CYStatement *code) :
-        case_(_case),
+    CYClause(CYExpression *value, CYStatement *code) :
+        value_(value),
         code_(code)
     {
     }
@@ -1057,21 +1134,26 @@ struct CYClause :
 };
 
 struct CYElement :
+    CYNext<CYElement>,
     CYThing
 {
+    CYElement(CYElement *next) :
+        CYNext<CYElement>(next)
+    {
+    }
+
     virtual bool Elision() const = 0;
 
     virtual void Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
 };
 
 struct CYElementValue :
-    CYNext<CYElement>,
     CYElement
 {
     CYExpression *value_;
 
-    CYElementValue(CYExpression *value, CYElement *next) :
-        CYNext<CYElement>(next),
+    CYElementValue(CYExpression *value, CYElement *next = NULL) :
+        CYElement(next),
         value_(value)
     {
     }
@@ -1089,7 +1171,8 @@ struct CYElementSpread :
 {
     CYExpression *value_;
 
-    CYElementSpread(CYExpression *value) :
+    CYElementSpread(CYExpression *value, CYElement *next = NULL) :
+        CYElement(next),
         value_(value)
     {
     }
@@ -1112,103 +1195,117 @@ struct CYArray :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYDeclaration :
-    CYForInInitializer
-{
+struct CYBinding {
     CYIdentifier *identifier_;
-    CYExpression *initialiser_;
+    CYExpression *initializer_;
 
-    CYDeclaration(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYExpression *initialiser = NULL) :
+    CYBinding(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYExpression *initializer = NULL) :
         identifier_(identifier),
-        initialiser_(initialiser)
+        initializer_(initializer)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-    virtual CYStatement *ForEachIn(CYContext &out, CYExpression *value);
+    CYTarget *Target(CYContext &context);
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYAssignment *Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind kind);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
 
-    virtual CYAssignment *Assignment(CYContext &context);
-    CYVariable *Variable(CYContext &context);
+struct CYForLexical :
+    CYForInInitializer
+{
+    bool constant_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
+
+    CYForLexical(bool constant, CYBinding *binding) :
+        constant_(constant),
+        binding_(binding)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
 
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYDeclarations :
-    CYNext<CYDeclarations>,
-    CYThing
+struct CYForVariable :
+    CYForInInitializer
 {
-    CYDeclaration *declaration_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
 
-    CYDeclarations(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYDeclarations *next = NULL) :
-        CYNext<CYDeclarations>(next),
-        declaration_(declaration)
+    CYForVariable(CYBinding *binding) :
+        binding_(binding)
     {
     }
 
-    void Replace(CYContext &context);
-
-    CYExpression *Expression(CYContext &context);
-    CYArgument *Argument(CYContext &context);
-    CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYStatement *Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
 
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYForDeclarations :
-    CYForInitializer
+struct CYBindings :
+    CYNext<CYBindings>,
+    CYThing
 {
-    CYDeclarations *declarations_;
+    CYBinding *binding_;
 
-    CYForDeclarations(CYDeclarations *declarations) :
-        declarations_(declarations)
+    CYBindings(CYBinding *binding, CYBindings *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYBindings>(next),
+        binding_(binding)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind kind);
+
+    CYArgument *Argument(CYContext &context);
+    CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYVar :
-    CYStatement
+    CYForInitializer
 {
-    CYDeclarations *declarations_;
+    CYBindings *bindings_;
 
-    CYVar(CYDeclarations *declarations) :
-        declarations_(declarations)
+    CYVar(CYBindings *bindings) :
+        bindings_(bindings)
     {
     }
 
     CYCompact(None)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYForInitializer *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYLet :
-    CYStatement
+struct CYLexical :
+    CYForInitializer
 {
-    CYDeclarations *declarations_;
+    bool constant_;
+    CYBindings *bindings_;
 
-    CYLet(CYDeclarations *declarations) :
-        declarations_(declarations)
+    CYLexical(bool constant, CYBindings *bindings) :
+        constant_(constant),
+        bindings_(bindings)
     {
     }
 
     CYCompact(None)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYForInitializer *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYBuilder {
-    CYList<CYDeclarations> declarations_;
+    CYList<CYBindings> bindings_;
     CYList<CYStatement> statements_;
 
     operator bool() const {
@@ -1228,6 +1325,8 @@ struct CYProperty :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual bool Update() const;
+
     CYProperty *ReplaceAll(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool update);
     void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool protect);
 
@@ -1256,13 +1355,13 @@ struct CYPropertyValue :
 struct CYFor :
     CYStatement
 {
-    CYForInitializer *initialiser_;
+    CYForInitializer *initializer_;
     CYExpression *test_;
     CYExpression *increment_;
     CYStatement *code_;
 
-    CYFor(CYForInitializer *initialiser, CYExpression *test, CYExpression *increment, CYStatement *code) :
-        initialiser_(initialiser),
+    CYFor(CYForInitializer *initializer, CYExpression *test, CYExpression *increment, CYStatement *code) :
+        initializer_(initializer),
         test_(test),
         increment_(increment),
         code_(code)
@@ -1278,13 +1377,33 @@ struct CYFor :
 struct CYForIn :
     CYStatement
 {
-    CYForInInitializer *initialiser_;
-    CYExpression *set_;
+    CYForInInitializer *initializer_;
+    CYExpression *iterable_;
     CYStatement *code_;
 
-    CYForIn(CYForInInitializer *initialiser, CYExpression *set, CYStatement *code) :
-        initialiser_(initialiser),
-        set_(set),
+    CYForIn(CYForInInitializer *initializer, CYExpression *iterable, CYStatement *code) :
+        initializer_(initializer),
+        iterable_(iterable),
+        code_(code)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYCompact(Long)
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYForInitialized :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYBinding *binding_;
+    CYExpression *iterable_;
+    CYStatement *code_;
+
+    CYForInitialized(CYBinding *binding, CYExpression *iterable, CYStatement *code) :
+        binding_(binding),
+        iterable_(iterable),
         code_(code)
     {
     }
@@ -1298,13 +1417,13 @@ struct CYForIn :
 struct CYForOf :
     CYStatement
 {
-    CYForInInitializer *initialiser_;
-    CYExpression *set_;
+    CYForInInitializer *initializer_;
+    CYExpression *iterable_;
     CYStatement *code_;
 
-    CYForOf(CYForInInitializer *initialiser, CYExpression *set, CYStatement *code) :
-        initialiser_(initialiser),
-        set_(set),
+    CYForOf(CYForInInitializer *initializer, CYExpression *iterable, CYStatement *code) :
+        initializer_(initializer),
+        iterable_(iterable),
         code_(code)
     {
     }
@@ -1325,12 +1444,14 @@ struct CYObject :
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context, CYTarget *seed);
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYMember :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *object_;
     CYExpression *property_;
@@ -1355,9 +1476,22 @@ struct CYDirectMember :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYAttemptMember :
+    CYMember
+{
+    CYAttemptMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
+        CYMember(object, property)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(1)
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1370,9 +1504,36 @@ struct CYIndirectMember :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYResolveMember :
+    CYMember
+{
+    CYResolveMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
+        CYMember(object, property)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(1)
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYSubscriptMember :
+    CYMember
+{
+    CYSubscriptMember(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *property) :
+        CYMember(object, property)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(1)
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1380,7 +1541,7 @@ namespace cy {
 namespace Syntax {
 
 struct New :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *constructor_;
     CYArgument *arguments_;
@@ -1395,58 +1556,109 @@ struct New :
         return arguments_ == NULL ? 2 : 1;
     }
 
-    CYRightHand(false)
+    virtual bool IsNew() const {
+        return true;
+    }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 
-    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+    virtual CYTarget *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
 };
 
 } }
 
-struct CYCall :
-    CYExpression
+struct CYApply :
+    CYTarget
 {
-    CYExpression *function_;
     CYArgument *arguments_;
 
-    CYCall(CYExpression *function, CYArgument *arguments = NULL) :
-        function_(function),
+    CYApply(CYArgument *arguments = NULL) :
         arguments_(arguments)
     {
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+};
+
+struct CYCall :
+    CYApply
+{
+    CYExpression *function_;
+
+    CYCall(CYExpression *function, CYArgument *arguments = NULL) :
+        CYApply(arguments),
+        function_(function)
+    {
+    }
+
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+};
+
+struct CYEval :
+    CYApply
+{
+    CYEval(CYArgument *arguments) :
+        CYApply(arguments)
+    {
+    }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYRubyProc;
 
+struct CYBraced :
+    CYTarget
+{
+    CYTarget *lhs_;
+
+    CYBraced(CYTarget *lhs = NULL) :
+        lhs_(lhs)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(1)
+
+    void SetLeft(CYTarget *lhs) {
+        lhs_ = lhs;
+    }
+};
+
 struct CYRubyBlock :
-    CYExpression
+    CYBraced
 {
-    CYExpression *call_;
     CYRubyProc *proc_;
 
-    CYRubyBlock(CYExpression *call, CYRubyProc *proc) :
-        call_(call),
+    CYRubyBlock(CYTarget *lhs, CYRubyProc *proc) :
+        CYBraced(lhs),
         proc_(proc)
     {
     }
 
-    CYPrecedence(1)
-    CYRightHand(false)
-
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 
-    virtual CYExpression *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+    virtual CYTarget *AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value);
+};
+
+struct CYExtend :
+    CYBraced
+{
+    CYObject object_;
+
+    CYExtend(CYTarget *lhs, CYProperty *properties = NULL) :
+        CYBraced(lhs),
+        object_(properties)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYIf :
@@ -1531,7 +1743,7 @@ struct CYFunction {
 
 struct CYFunctionExpression :
     CYFunction,
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYIdentifier *name_;
 
@@ -1542,9 +1754,8 @@ struct CYFunctionExpression :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1558,15 +1769,14 @@ struct CYFatArrow :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYRubyProc :
     CYFunction,
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYRubyProc(CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *code) :
         CYFunction(parameters, code)
@@ -1574,9 +1784,8 @@ struct CYRubyProc :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1594,7 +1803,7 @@ struct CYFunctionStatement :
 
     CYCompact(None)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1648,6 +1857,8 @@ struct CYPropertyMethod :
     {
     }
 
+    bool Update() const override;
+
     virtual CYFunctionExpression *Constructor();
 
     virtual void Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect);
@@ -1673,7 +1884,7 @@ struct CYClassTail :
 };
 
 struct CYClassExpression :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYIdentifier *name_;
     CYClassTail *tail_;
@@ -1685,9 +1896,8 @@ struct CYClassExpression :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1705,12 +1915,12 @@ struct CYClassStatement :
 
     CYCompact(Long)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYSuperCall :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYArgument *arguments_;
 
@@ -1720,14 +1930,13 @@ struct CYSuperCall :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(2)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYSuperAccess :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYExpression *property_;
 
@@ -1737,14 +1946,13 @@ struct CYSuperAccess :
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
-    CYRightHand(false)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYExpress :
-    CYStatement
+    CYForInitializer
 {
     CYExpression *expression_;
 
@@ -1757,7 +1965,7 @@ struct CYExpress :
 
     CYCompact(None)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYForInitializer *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 
     virtual CYStatement *Return();
@@ -1775,7 +1983,7 @@ struct CYContinue :
 
     CYCompact(Short)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1791,7 +1999,7 @@ struct CYBreak :
 
     CYCompact(Short)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1807,7 +2015,7 @@ struct CYReturn :
 
     CYCompact(None)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1823,7 +2031,7 @@ struct CYYieldGenerator :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) override;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1844,11 +2052,11 @@ struct CYYieldValue :
 };
 
 struct CYEmpty :
-    CYStatement
+    CYForInitializer
 {
     CYCompact(Short)
 
-    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYForInitializer *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1869,7 +2077,7 @@ struct CYFinally :
 struct CYTypeSpecifier :
     CYThing
 {
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
 };
 
 struct CYTypeError :
@@ -1878,92 +2086,149 @@ struct CYTypeError :
     CYTypeError() {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeVoid :
+enum CYTypeSigning {
+    CYTypeNeutral,
+    CYTypeSigned,
+    CYTypeUnsigned,
+};
+
+struct CYTypeCharacter :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYTypeVoid() {
+    CYTypeSigning signing_;
+
+    CYTypeCharacter(CYTypeSigning signing) :
+        signing_(signing)
+    {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeVariable :
+struct CYTypeInt128 :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYTypeSigning signing_;
 
-    CYTypeVariable(CYIdentifier *name) :
-        name_(name)
+    CYTypeInt128(CYTypeSigning signing) :
+        signing_(signing)
     {
     }
 
-    CYTypeVariable(const char *name) :
-        name_(new($pool) CYIdentifier(name))
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYTypeIntegral :
+    CYTypeSpecifier
+{
+    CYTypeSigning signing_;
+    int length_;
+
+    CYTypeIntegral(CYTypeSigning signing, int length = 1) :
+        signing_(signing),
+        length_(length)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYTypeIntegral *Long() {
+        if (length_ != 1 && length_ != 2)
+            return NULL;
+        ++length_;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    CYTypeIntegral *Short() {
+        if (length_ != 1)
+            return NULL;
+        --length_;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    CYTypeIntegral *Signed() {
+        if (signing_ != CYTypeNeutral)
+            return NULL;
+        signing_ = CYTypeSigned;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    CYTypeIntegral *Unsigned() {
+        if (signing_ != CYTypeNeutral)
+            return NULL;
+        signing_ = CYTypeUnsigned;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeUnsigned :
+struct CYTypeFloating :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYTypeSpecifier *specifier_;
+    int length_;
 
-    CYTypeUnsigned(CYTypeSpecifier *specifier) :
-        specifier_(specifier)
+    CYTypeFloating(int length) :
+        length_(length)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeSigned :
+struct CYTypeVoid :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYTypeSpecifier *specifier_;
-
-    CYTypeSigned(CYTypeSpecifier *specifier) :
-        specifier_(specifier)
-    {
+    CYTypeVoid() {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeLong :
+enum CYTypeReferenceKind {
+    CYTypeReferenceStruct,
+    CYTypeReferenceEnum,
+};
+
+struct CYTypeReference :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYTypeSpecifier *specifier_;
+    CYTypeReferenceKind kind_;
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
 
-    CYTypeLong(CYTypeSpecifier *specifier) :
-        specifier_(specifier)
+    CYTypeReference(CYTypeReferenceKind kind, CYIdentifier *name) :
+        kind_(kind),
+        name_(name)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTypeShort :
+struct CYTypeVariable :
     CYTypeSpecifier
 {
-    CYTypeSpecifier *specifier_;
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+
+    CYTypeVariable(CYIdentifier *name) :
+        name_(name)
+    {
+    }
 
-    CYTypeShort(CYTypeSpecifier *specifier) :
-        specifier_(specifier)
+    CYTypeVariable(const char *name) :
+        name_(new($pool) CYIdentifier(name))
     {
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
@@ -1979,11 +2244,11 @@ struct CYTypeModifier :
 
     virtual int Precedence() const = 0;
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type) = 0;
-    CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) = 0;
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
 
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const = 0;
-    void Output(CYOutput &out, int precedence, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const = 0;
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, int precedence, CYPropertyName *name, bool space) const;
 
     virtual CYTypeFunctionWith *Function() { return NULL; }
 };
@@ -2001,8 +2266,8 @@ struct CYTypeArrayOf :
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const override;
 };
 
 struct CYTypeConstant :
@@ -2015,8 +2280,8 @@ struct CYTypeConstant :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const override;
 };
 
 struct CYTypePointerTo :
@@ -2029,8 +2294,8 @@ struct CYTypePointerTo :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const override;
 };
 
 struct CYTypeVolatile :
@@ -2043,58 +2308,71 @@ struct CYTypeVolatile :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const override;
 };
 
-struct CYTypedIdentifier :
-    CYNext<CYTypedIdentifier>,
+struct CYType :
     CYThing
 {
-    CYLocation location_;
-    CYIdentifier *identifier_;
     CYTypeSpecifier *specifier_;
     CYTypeModifier *modifier_;
 
-    CYTypedIdentifier(const CYLocation &location, CYIdentifier *identifier = NULL) :
-        location_(location),
-        identifier_(identifier),
-        specifier_(NULL),
-        modifier_(NULL)
-    {
-    }
-
-    CYTypedIdentifier(CYTypeSpecifier *specifier, CYTypeModifier *modifier = NULL) :
-        identifier_(NULL),
+    CYType(CYTypeSpecifier *specifier = NULL, CYTypeModifier *modifier = NULL) :
         specifier_(specifier),
         modifier_(modifier)
     {
     }
 
-    inline CYTypedIdentifier *Modify(CYTypeModifier *modifier) {
+    inline CYType *Modify(CYTypeModifier *modifier) {
         CYSetLast(modifier_) = modifier;
         return this;
     }
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const;
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 
     CYTypeFunctionWith *Function();
 };
 
+struct CYTypedLocation :
+    CYType
+{
+    CYLocation location_;
+
+    CYTypedLocation(const CYLocation &location) :
+        location_(location)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYTypedName :
+    CYTypedLocation
+{
+    CYPropertyName *name_;
+
+    CYTypedName(const CYLocation &location, CYPropertyName *name = NULL) :
+        CYTypedLocation(location),
+        name_(name)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
 struct CYEncodedType :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
-    CYTypedIdentifier *typed_;
+    CYType *typed_;
 
-    CYEncodedType(CYTypedIdentifier *typed) :
+    CYEncodedType(CYType *typed) :
         typed_(typed)
     {
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -2102,11 +2380,13 @@ struct CYTypedParameter :
     CYNext<CYTypedParameter>,
     CYThing
 {
-    CYTypedIdentifier *typed_;
+    CYType *type_;
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
 
-    CYTypedParameter(CYTypedIdentifier *typed, CYTypedParameter *next) :
+    CYTypedParameter(CYType *type, CYIdentifier *name, CYTypedParameter *next = NULL) :
         CYNext<CYTypedParameter>(next),
-        typed_(typed)
+        type_(type),
+        name_(name)
     {
     }
 
@@ -2117,14 +2397,25 @@ struct CYTypedParameter :
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
+struct CYTypedFormal {
+    bool variadic_;
+    CYTypedParameter *parameters_;
+
+    CYTypedFormal(bool variadic) :
+        variadic_(variadic),
+        parameters_(NULL)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
 struct CYLambda :
-    CYExpression
+    CYTarget
 {
-    CYTypedIdentifier *typed_;
+    CYType *typed_;
     CYTypedParameter *parameters_;
     CYStatement *code_;
 
-    CYLambda(CYTypedIdentifier *typed, CYTypedParameter *parameters, CYStatement *code) :
+    CYLambda(CYType *typed, CYTypedParameter *parameters, CYStatement *code) :
         typed_(typed),
         parameters_(parameters),
         code_(code)
@@ -2133,7 +2424,7 @@ struct CYLambda :
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -2169,15 +2460,70 @@ struct CYImport :
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYExternal :
+struct CYImportSpecifier :
+    CYNext<CYImportSpecifier>
+{
+    CYWord *name_;
+    CYIdentifier *binding_;
+
+    CYImportSpecifier(CYWord *name, CYIdentifier *binding) :
+        name_(name),
+        binding_(binding)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *module);
+};
+
+struct CYImportDeclaration :
     CYStatement
+{
+    CYImportSpecifier *specifiers_;
+    CYString *module_;
+
+    CYImportDeclaration(CYImportSpecifier *specifiers, CYString *module) :
+        specifiers_(specifiers),
+        module_(module)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYCompact(None)
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYExternalExpression :
+    CYTarget
 {
     CYString *abi_;
-    CYTypedIdentifier *typed_;
+    CYType *type_;
+    CYPropertyName *name_;
 
-    CYExternal(CYString *abi, CYTypedIdentifier *typed) :
+    CYExternalExpression(CYString *abi, CYType *type, CYPropertyName *name) :
         abi_(abi),
-        typed_(typed)
+        type_(type),
+        name_(name)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYExternalDefinition :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYString *abi_;
+    CYType *type_;
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+
+    CYExternalDefinition(CYString *abi, CYType *type, CYIdentifier *name) :
+        abi_(abi),
+        type_(type),
+        name_(name)
     {
     }
 
@@ -2187,13 +2533,31 @@ struct CYExternal :
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
+struct CYTypeExpression :
+    CYTarget
+{
+    CYType *typed_;
+
+    CYTypeExpression(CYType *typed) :
+        typed_(typed)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYPrecedence(0)
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
 struct CYTypeDefinition :
     CYStatement
 {
-    CYTypedIdentifier *typed_;
+    CYType *type_;
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
 
-    CYTypeDefinition(CYTypedIdentifier *typed) :
-        typed_(typed)
+    CYTypeDefinition(CYType *type, CYIdentifier *name) :
+        type_(type),
+        name_(name)
     {
     }
 
@@ -2216,29 +2580,125 @@ struct CYTypeBlockWith :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const override;
 };
 
 struct CYTypeFunctionWith :
     CYTypeModifier
 {
+    bool variadic_;
     CYTypedParameter *parameters_;
 
-    CYTypeFunctionWith(CYTypedParameter *parameters, CYTypeModifier *next = NULL) :
+    CYTypeFunctionWith(bool variadic, CYTypedParameter *parameters, CYTypeModifier *next = NULL) :
         CYTypeModifier(next),
+        variadic_(variadic),
         parameters_(parameters)
     {
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(1)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYExpression *type);
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYIdentifier *identifier) const;
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type);
+    void Output(CYOutput &out, CYPropertyName *name) const override;
 
     virtual CYTypeFunctionWith *Function() { return this; }
 };
 
+struct CYTypeStructField :
+    CYNext<CYTypeStructField>
+{
+    CYType *type_;
+    CYPropertyName *name_;
+
+    CYTypeStructField(CYType *type, CYPropertyName *name, CYTypeStructField *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYTypeStructField>(next),
+        type_(type),
+        name_(name)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYStructTail :
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYTypeStructField *fields_;
+
+    CYStructTail(CYTypeStructField *fields) :
+        fields_(fields)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYTypeStruct :
+    CYTypeSpecifier
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYStructTail *tail_;
+
+    CYTypeStruct(CYIdentifier *name, CYStructTail *tail) :
+        name_(name),
+        tail_(tail)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYStructDefinition :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYStructTail *tail_;
+
+    CYStructDefinition(CYIdentifier *name, CYStructTail *tail) :
+        name_(name),
+        tail_(tail)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYCompact(None)
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+};
+
+struct CYEnumConstant :
+    CYNext<CYEnumConstant>
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYNumber *value_;
+
+    CYEnumConstant(CYIdentifier *name, CYNumber *value, CYEnumConstant *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYEnumConstant>(next),
+        name_(name),
+        value_(value)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYTypeEnum :
+    CYTypeSpecifier
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYTypeSpecifier *specifier_;
+    CYEnumConstant *constants_;
+
+    CYTypeEnum(CYIdentifier *name, CYTypeSpecifier *specifier, CYEnumConstant *constants) :
+        name_(name),
+        specifier_(specifier),
+        constants_(constants)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
 namespace cy {
 namespace Syntax {
 
@@ -2383,20 +2843,20 @@ struct CYAddressOf :
 };
 
 struct CYIndirect :
-    CYPrefix
+    CYTarget
 {
+    CYExpression *rhs_;
+
     CYIndirect(CYExpression *rhs) :
-        CYPrefix(rhs)
+        rhs_(rhs)
     {
     }
 
-    virtual const char *Operator() const {
-        return "*";
-    }
-
-    CYAlphabetic(false)
+    // XXX: this should be checked
+    CYPrecedence(2)
 
-    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYTarget *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 #define CYReplace \
@@ -2453,7 +2913,7 @@ struct CYIndirect :
     struct CY ## name ## Assign : \
         CYAssignment \
     { args \
-        CY ## name ## Assign(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
+        CY ## name ## Assign(CYTarget *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYAssignment(lhs, rhs) \
         { \
         } \