X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/4644480a22eda2f7350a8997bb2109f325b576fe..83e1cbb80dd1735daaf58ae5db95cd099992632c:/Replace.cpp

diff --git a/Replace.cpp b/Replace.cpp
index 0360fcf..1ae2ef0 100644
--- a/Replace.cpp
+++ b/Replace.cpp
@@ -1,137 +1,236 @@
-/* Cycript - Remove Execution Server and Disassembler
- * Copyright (C) 2009  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+/* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2015  Jay Freeman (saurik)
 */
 
-/* Modified BSD License {{{ */
+/* GNU Affero General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
 /*
- *        Redistribution and use in source and binary
- * forms, with or without modification, are permitted
- * provided that the following conditions are met:
- *
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the
- *    above copyright notice, this list of conditions
- *    and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the
- *    above copyright notice, this list of conditions
- *    and the following disclaimer in the documentation
- *    and/or other materials provided with the
- *    distribution.
- * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse
- *    or promote products derived from this software
- *    without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS''
- * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,
- * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE
- * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
- * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
- * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
- * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
- * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
- * TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
- * ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
- * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-*/
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+**/
 /* }}} */
 
-#include "Parser.hpp"
-
 #include <iomanip>
+#include <map>
 
 #include "Replace.hpp"
+#include "Syntax.hpp"
+
+CYFunctionExpression *CYNonLocalize(CYContext &context, CYFunctionExpression *function) {
+    function->nonlocal_ = context.nextlocal_;
+    return function;
+}
+
+CYFunctionExpression *CYSuperize(CYContext &context, CYFunctionExpression *function) {
+    function->super_ = context.super_;
+    return function;
+}
+
+CYStatement *CYDefineProperty(CYExpression *object, CYExpression *name, bool configurable, bool enumerable, CYProperty *descriptor) {
+    return $E($C3($M($V("Object"), $S("defineProperty")), object, name, $ CYObject(CYList<CYProperty>()
+        ->* (configurable ? $ CYPropertyValue($S("configurable"), $ CYTrue()) : NULL)
+        ->* (enumerable ? $ CYPropertyValue($S("enumerable"), $ CYTrue()) : NULL)
+        ->* descriptor)));
+}
+
+static void CYImplicitReturn(CYStatement *&code) {
+    if (CYStatement *&last = CYGetLast(code))
+        last = last->Return();
+}
 
 CYExpression *CYAdd::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     CYInfix::Replace(context);
 
-    CYExpression *lhp(lhs_->Primitive(context));
-    CYExpression *rhp(rhs_->Primitive(context));
-
-    CYString *lhs(dynamic_cast<CYString *>(lhp));
-    CYString *rhs(dynamic_cast<CYString *>(rhp));
+    CYString *lhs(dynamic_cast<CYString *>(lhs_));
+    CYString *rhs(dynamic_cast<CYString *>(rhs_));
 
     if (lhs != NULL || rhs != NULL) {
         if (lhs == NULL) {
-            lhs = lhp->String(context);
+            lhs = lhs_->String(context);
             if (lhs == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+                return this;
         } else if (rhs == NULL) {
-            rhs = rhp->String(context);
+            rhs = rhs_->String(context);
             if (rhs == NULL)
-                return NULL;
+                return this;
         }
 
         return lhs->Concat(context, rhs);
     }
 
-    if (CYNumber *lhn = lhp->Number(context))
-        if (CYNumber *rhn = rhp->Number(context))
+    if (CYNumber *lhn = lhs_->Number(context))
+        if (CYNumber *rhn = rhs_->Number(context))
             return $D(lhn->Value() + rhn->Value());
 
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYExpression *CYAddressOf::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    CYPrefix::Replace(context);
     return $C0($M(rhs_, $S("$cya")));
 }
 
-void CYArgument::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
+CYTarget *CYApply::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    CYArgument **argument(&arguments_);
+    while (*argument != NULL)
+        argument = &(*argument)->next_;
+    *argument = $ CYArgument(value);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYArgument *CYArgument::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
     context.Replace(value_);
-    next_->Replace(context);
+    next_ = next_->Replace(context);
+
+    if (value_ == NULL) {
+        if (next_ == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+        else
+            value_ = $U;
+    }
+
+    return this;
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYArray::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    elements_->Replace(context);
-    return NULL;
+CYTarget *CYArray::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    if (elements_ != NULL)
+        elements_->Replace(context);
+    return this;
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYArrayComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    CYVariable *cyv($V("$cyv"));
+CYTarget *CYArrayComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYIdentifier *cyv(context.Unique());
 
-    return $C0($F(NULL, $P1("$cyv", comprehensions_->Parameters(context)), $$->*
-        $E($ CYAssign(cyv, $ CYArray()))->*
-        comprehensions_->Replace(context, $E($C1($M(cyv, $S("push")), expression_)))->*
-        $ CYReturn(cyv)
+    return $C0($F(NULL, $P1($B(cyv), comprehensions_->Parameters(context)), $$
+        ->* $E($ CYAssign($V(cyv), $ CYArray()))
+        ->* comprehensions_->Replace(context, $E($C1($M($V(cyv), $S("push")), expression_)))
+        ->* $ CYReturn($V(cyv))
     ));
 }
 
 CYExpression *CYAssignment::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(lhs_);
     context.Replace(rhs_);
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYStatement *CYBlock::Return() {
+    CYImplicitReturn(code_);
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYBlock::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    statements_ = statements_->ReplaceAll(context);
-    return NULL;
+    CYScope scope(true, context);
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+    scope.Close(context);
+
+    if (code_ == NULL)
+        return $ CYEmpty();
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYBreak::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYCall::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYCall::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(function_);
     arguments_->Replace(context);
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
+}
+
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+void Catch::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
+    CYScope scope(true, context);
+
+    name_ = name_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierCatch);
+
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+    scope.Close(context);
+}
+
+} }
+
+CYTarget *CYClassExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYBuilder builder;
+
+    CYIdentifier *super(context.Unique());
+
+    CYIdentifier *old(context.super_);
+    context.super_ = super;
+
+    CYIdentifier *constructor(context.Unique());
+    CYForEach (member, tail_->static_)
+        member->Replace(context, builder, $V(constructor), true);
+
+    CYIdentifier *prototype(context.Unique());
+    CYForEach (member, tail_->instance_)
+        member->Replace(context, builder, $V(prototype), true);
+
+    if (tail_->constructor_ == NULL)
+        tail_->constructor_ = $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, NULL, NULL);
+    tail_->constructor_ = CYSuperize(context, tail_->constructor_);
+
+    context.super_ = old;
+
+    return $C1($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, $P($B(super)), $$
+        ->* $ CYVar($B1($B(constructor, tail_->constructor_)))
+        ->* $ CYVar($B1($B(prototype, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, NULL, NULL))))
+        ->* $E($ CYAssign($M($V(prototype), $S("prototype")), $M($V(super), $S("prototype"))))
+        ->* $E($ CYAssign($V(prototype), $N($V(prototype))))
+        ->* CYDefineProperty($V(prototype), $S("constructor"), false, false, $ CYPropertyValue($S("value"), $V(constructor)))
+        ->* $ CYVar(builder.bindings_)
+        ->* builder.statements_
+        ->* CYDefineProperty($V(constructor), $S("prototype"), false, false, $ CYPropertyValue($S("value"), $V(prototype)))
+        ->* $ CYReturn($V(constructor))
+    ), tail_->extends_ ?: $V($I("Object")));
 }
 
-void CYCatch::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
-    code_.Replace(context);
+CYStatement *CYClassStatement::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $ CYVar($B1($B(name_, $ CYClassExpression(name_, tail_))));
 }
 
 void CYClause::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
-    context.Replace(case_);
-    statements_ = statements_->ReplaceAll(context);
+    context.Replace(value_);
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
     next_->Replace(context);
 }
 
 CYExpression *CYCompound::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    expressions_ = expressions_->ReplaceAll(context);
-    return NULL;
+    context.Replace(expression_);
+    context.Replace(next_);
+
+    if (CYCompound *compound = dynamic_cast<CYCompound *>(expression_)) {
+        expression_ = compound->expression_;
+        compound->expression_ = compound->next_;
+        compound->next_ = next_;
+        next_ = compound;
+    }
+
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYFunctionParameter *CYCompound::Parameter() const {
+    CYFunctionParameter *next(next_->Parameter());
+    if (next == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    CYFunctionParameter *parameter(expression_->Parameter());
+    if (parameter == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    parameter->SetNext(next);
+    return parameter;
 }
 
 CYFunctionParameter *CYComprehension::Parameters(CYContext &context) const { $T(NULL)
@@ -147,73 +246,145 @@ CYStatement *CYComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement
     return next_ == NULL ? statement : next_->Replace(context, statement);
 }
 
+CYExpression *CYComputed::PropertyName(CYContext &context) {
+    return expression_;
+}
+
 CYExpression *CYCondition::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(test_);
     context.Replace(true_);
     context.Replace(false_);
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
+}
+
+void CYContext::NonLocal(CYStatement *&statements) {
+    CYContext &context(*this);
+
+    if (nextlocal_ != NULL && nextlocal_->identifier_ != NULL) {
+        CYIdentifier *cye($I("$cye")->Replace(context, CYIdentifierGlobal));
+        CYIdentifier *unique(nextlocal_->identifier_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierGlobal));
+
+        CYStatement *declare(
+            $ CYVar($B1($B(unique, $ CYObject()))));
+
+        cy::Syntax::Catch *rescue(
+            $ cy::Syntax::Catch(cye, $$
+                ->* $ CYIf($ CYIdentical($M($V(cye), $S("$cyk")), $V(unique)), $$
+                    ->* $ CYReturn($M($V(cye), $S("$cyv"))))
+                ->* $ cy::Syntax::Throw($V(cye))));
+
+        context.Replace(declare);
+        rescue->Replace(context);
+
+        statements = $$
+            ->* declare
+            ->* $ cy::Syntax::Try(statements, rescue, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+CYIdentifier *CYContext::Unique() {
+    return $ CYIdentifier($pool.strcat("$cy", $pool.itoa(unique_++), NULL));
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYContinue::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYDeclaration::ForEachIn(CYContext &context) {
-    return $ CYVariable(identifier_);
+CYStatement *CYDebugger::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return this;
 }
 
-void CYDeclaration::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    context.Replace(initialiser_);
+CYTarget *CYBinding::Target(CYContext &context) {
+    return $V(identifier_);
 }
 
-void CYDeclarations::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
-    declaration_->Replace(context);
-    next_->Replace(context);
+CYAssignment *CYBinding::Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind kind) {
+    identifier_ = identifier_->Replace(context, kind);
+
+    if (initializer_ == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    CYAssignment *value($ CYAssign(Target(context), initializer_));
+    initializer_ = NULL;
+    return value;
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYDirectMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    Replace_(context);
-    return NULL;
+CYExpression *CYBindings::Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind kind) { $T(NULL)
+    CYAssignment *assignment(binding_->Replace(context, kind));
+    CYExpression *compound(next_->Replace(context, kind));
+
+    if (assignment != NULL)
+        if (compound == NULL)
+            compound = assignment;
+        else
+            compound = $ CYCompound(assignment, compound);
+    return compound;
+}
+
+CYFunctionParameter *CYBindings::Parameter(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
+    return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYBinding(binding_->identifier_), next_->Parameter(context));
+}
+
+CYArgument *CYBindings::Argument(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
+    return $ CYArgument(binding_->initializer_, next_->Argument(context));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYDirectMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    context.Replace(object_);
+    context.Replace(property_);
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYDoWhile::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(test_);
-    context.Replace(code_);
-    return NULL;
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+    return this;
 }
 
-void CYElement::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
+void CYElementSpread::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(value_);
-    next_->Replace(context);
 }
 
-CYStatement *CYEmpty::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return NULL;
+void CYElementValue::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    context.Replace(value_);
+    if (next_ != NULL)
+        next_->Replace(context);
 }
 
-CYStatement *CYExpress::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    context.Replace(expression_);
+CYForInitializer *CYEmpty::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     return NULL;
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYExpression::ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object) {
-    return this;
+CYTarget *CYEncodedType::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return typed_->Replace(context);
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYEval::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    context.scope_->Damage();
+    if (arguments_ != NULL)
+        arguments_->value_ = $C1($M($V("Cycript"), $S("compile")), arguments_->value_);
+    return $C($V("eval"), arguments_);
+}
+
+CYStatement *CYExpress::Return() {
+    return $ CYReturn(expression_);
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYExpression::ForEachIn(CYContext &context) {
+CYForInitializer *CYExpress::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    context.Replace(expression_);
     return this;
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYExpression::ReplaceAll(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
-    CYExpression *replace(this);
-    context.Replace(replace);
+CYTarget *CYExpression::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    return $C1(this, value);
+}
 
-    if (CYExpression *next = next_->ReplaceAll(context))
-        replace->SetNext(next);
-    else
-        replace->SetNext(next_);
+CYFunctionParameter *CYExpression::Parameter() const {
+    return NULL;
+}
 
-    return replace;
+CYStatement *CYExternal::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $E($ CYAssign($V(typed_->identifier_), $C1(typed_->Replace(context), $C2($V("dlsym"), $V("RTLD_DEFAULT"), $S(typed_->identifier_->Word())))));
 }
 
 CYNumber *CYFalse::Number(CYContext &context) {
@@ -224,80 +395,220 @@ CYString *CYFalse::String(CYContext &context) {
     return $S("false");
 }
 
+CYExpression *CYFatArrow::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYFunctionExpression *function($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_));
+    function->this_.SetNext(context.this_);
+    return function;
+}
+
 void CYFinally::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
-    code_.Replace(context);
+    CYScope scope(true, context);
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+    scope.Close(context);
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYFor::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    // XXX: initialiser_
+    CYScope outer(true, context);
+    context.Replace(initializer_);
+
     context.Replace(test_);
+
+    {
+        CYScope inner(true, context);
+        context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+        inner.Close(context);
+    }
+
     context.Replace(increment_);
-    context.Replace(code_);
-    return NULL;
+
+    outer.Close(context);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYStatement *CYForLexical::Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        if (binding_->initializer_ == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+        value = binding_->initializer_;
+    }
+
+    return $ CYLexical(constant_, $B1($ CYBinding(binding_->identifier_, value)));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYForLexical::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    _assert(binding_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierLexical) == NULL);
+    return binding_->Target(context);
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYForIn::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    // XXX: initialiser_
-    context.Replace(set_);
-    context.Replace(code_);
-    return NULL;
+    CYScope scope(true, context);
+    context.Replace(initializer_);
+    context.Replace(iterable_);
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+    scope.Close(context);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYStatement *CYForInitialized::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYAssignment *assignment(binding_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierVariable));
+    return $ CYBlock($$
+        ->* (assignment == NULL ? NULL : $ CYExpress(assignment))
+        ->* $ CYForIn(binding_->Target(context), iterable_, code_));
 }
 
 CYFunctionParameter *CYForInComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {
-    return $ CYFunctionParameter(name_);
+    return $ CYFunctionParameter(binding_);
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYForInComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {
-    return $ CYForIn($ CYVariable(name_), set_, CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement));
+    return $ CYForIn(binding_->Target(context), iterable_, CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement));
 }
 
-CYStatement *CYForEachIn::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    CYVariable *cys($V("$cys")), *cyt($V("$cyt"));
+CYStatement *CYForOf::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYIdentifier *item(context.Unique()), *list(context.Unique());
 
-    return $ CYWith($ CYObject($ CYProperty($S("$cys"), $D(0), $ CYProperty($S("$cyt"), $D(0)))), $ CYBlock($$->*
-        $E($ CYAssign(cys, set_))->*
-        $ CYForIn(cyt, cys, $ CYBlock($$->*
-            $E($ CYAssign(initialiser_->ForEachIn(context), $M(cys, cyt)))->*
-            code_
-        ))
-    ));
+    return $ CYBlock($$
+        ->* initializer_->Initialize(context, NULL)
+        ->* $ CYLexical(false, $B2($B(list, iterable_), $B(item)))
+        ->* $ CYForIn($V(item), $V(list), $ CYBlock($$
+            ->* initializer_->Initialize(context, $M($V(list), $V(item)))
+            ->* code_
+    )));
 }
 
-CYFunctionParameter *CYForEachInComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {
-    return $ CYFunctionParameter(name_);
+CYFunctionParameter *CYForOfComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {
+    return $ CYFunctionParameter(binding_);
 }
 
-CYStatement *CYForEachInComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {
-    CYVariable *cys($V("$cys")), *name($ CYVariable(name_));
+CYStatement *CYForOfComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const {
+    CYIdentifier *cys(context.Unique());
 
-    return $E($C0($F(NULL, $P1("$cys"), $$->*
-        $E($ CYAssign(cys, set_))->*
-        $ CYForIn(name, cys, $ CYBlock($$->*
-            $E($ CYAssign(name, $M(cys, name)))->*
-            CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement)
-        ))
+    return $ CYBlock($$
+        ->* $ CYLexical(false, $B1($B(cys, iterable_)))
+        ->* $ CYForIn(binding_->Target(context), $V(cys), $ CYBlock($$
+            ->* $E($ CYAssign(binding_->Target(context), $M($V(cys), binding_->Target(context))))
+            ->* CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement)
     )));
 }
 
-void CYFunction::Replace_(CYContext &context) {
-    code_.Replace(context);
+CYStatement *CYForVariable::Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    if (value == NULL) {
+        if (binding_->initializer_ == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+        value = binding_->initializer_;
+    }
+
+    return $ CYVar($B1($ CYBinding(binding_->identifier_, value)));
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYFunctionExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    Replace_(context);
-    return NULL;
+CYTarget *CYForVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    _assert(binding_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierVariable) == NULL);
+    return binding_->Target(context);
+}
+
+// XXX: this is evil evil black magic. don't ask, don't tell... don't believe!
+#define MappingSet "0etnirsoalfucdphmgyvbxTwSNECAFjDLkMOIBPqzRH$_WXUVGYKQJZ"
+//#define MappingSet "0abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ$_"
+
+void CYFunction::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYThisScope *_this(context.this_);
+    context.this_ = &this_;
+    context.this_ = CYGetLast(context.this_);
+
+    CYIdentifier *super(context.super_);
+    context.super_ = super_;
+
+    CYNonLocal *nonlocal(context.nonlocal_);
+    CYNonLocal *nextlocal(context.nextlocal_);
+
+    bool localize;
+    if (nonlocal_ != NULL) {
+        localize = false;
+        context.nonlocal_ = nonlocal_;
+    } else {
+        localize = true;
+        nonlocal_ = $ CYNonLocal();
+        context.nextlocal_ = nonlocal_;
+    }
+
+    CYScope scope(!localize, context);
+
+    $I("arguments")->Replace(context, CYIdentifierMagic);
+
+    parameters_->Replace(context, code_);
+
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+
+    if (implicit_)
+        CYImplicitReturn(code_);
+
+    if (CYIdentifier *identifier = this_.identifier_) {
+        context.scope_->Declare(context, identifier, CYIdentifierVariable);
+        code_ = $$
+            ->* $E($ CYAssign($V(identifier), $ CYThis()))
+            ->* code_;
+    }
+
+    if (localize)
+        context.NonLocal(code_);
+
+    context.nextlocal_ = nextlocal;
+    context.nonlocal_ = nonlocal;
+
+    context.super_ = super;
+    context.this_ = _this;
+
+    scope.Close(context, code_);
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYFunctionExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYScope scope(false, context);
+    if (name_ != NULL)
+        name_ = name_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierOther);
+
+    CYFunction::Replace(context);
+    scope.Close(context);
+    return this;
+}
+
+void CYFunctionParameter::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements) { $T()
+    CYAssignment *assignment(binding_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierArgument));
+
+    next_->Replace(context, statements);
+
+    if (assignment != NULL)
+        statements = $$
+            ->* $ CYIf($ CYIdentical($ CYTypeOf(binding_->Target(context)), $S("undefined")), $$
+                ->* $E(assignment))
+            ->* statements;
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYFunctionStatement::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    Replace_(context);
-    return NULL;
+    name_ = name_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierOther);
+    CYFunction::Replace(context);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYIdentifier *CYIdentifier::Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifierKind kind) {
+    if (next_ == this)
+        return this;
+    if (next_ != NULL)
+        return next_->Replace(context, kind);
+    next_ = context.scope_->Declare(context, this, kind)->identifier_;
+    return next_;
+}
+
+CYStatement *CYIf::Return() {
+    CYImplicitReturn(true_);
+    CYImplicitReturn(false_);
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYIf::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(test_);
-    context.Replace(true_);
-    context.Replace(false_);
-    return NULL;
+    context.ReplaceAll(true_);
+    context.ReplaceAll(false_);
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYFunctionParameter *CYIfComprehension::Parameter(CYContext &context) const {
@@ -308,38 +619,100 @@ CYStatement *CYIfComprehension::Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *stateme
     return $ CYIf(test_, CYComprehension::Replace(context, statement));
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYIndirect::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    CYPrefix::Replace(context);
+CYStatement *CYImport::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $ CYVar($B1($B($I(module_->part_->Word()), $C1($V("require"), module_->Replace(context, "/")))));
+}
+
+CYStatement *CYImportDeclaration::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYIdentifier *module(context.Unique());
+
+    CYList<CYStatement> statements;
+    CYForEach (specifier, specifiers_)
+        statements->*specifier->Replace(context, module);
+
+    return $ CYBlock($$
+        ->* $ CYLexical(false, $B1($B(module, $C1($V("require"), module_))))
+        ->* statements);
+}
+
+CYStatement *CYImportSpecifier::Replace(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *module) {
+    binding_ = binding_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierLexical);
+
+    CYExpression *import($V(module));
+    if (name_ != NULL)
+        import = $M(import, $S(name_));
+    return $E($ CYAssign($V(binding_), import));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYIndirect::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     return $M(rhs_, $S("$cyi"));
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYIndirectMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    Replace_(context);
+CYTarget *CYIndirectMember::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     return $M($ CYIndirect(object_), property_);
 }
 
 CYExpression *CYInfix::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(lhs_);
     context.Replace(rhs_);
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYLabel::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(statement_);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYLambda::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $N2($V("Functor"), $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_->Parameters(context), code_), parameters_->TypeSignature(context, typed_->Replace(context)));
+}
+
+CYForInitializer *CYLexical::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    if (CYExpression *expression = bindings_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierLexical))
+        return $E(expression);
+    return $ CYEmpty();
+}
+
+CYFunctionExpression *CYMethod::Constructor() {
     return NULL;
 }
 
-void CYMember::Replace_(CYContext &context) {
-    context.Replace(object_);
-    context.Replace(property_);
+void CYMethod::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYFunction::Replace(context);
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYNew::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYString *CYModule::Replace(CYContext &context, const char *separator) const {
+    if (next_ == NULL)
+        return $ CYString(part_);
+    return $ CYString($pool.strcat(next_->Replace(context, separator)->Value(), separator, part_->Word(), NULL));
+}
+
+CYExpression *CYMultiply::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYInfix::Replace(context);
+
+    if (CYNumber *lhn = lhs_->Number(context))
+        if (CYNumber *rhn = rhs_->Number(context))
+            return $D(lhn->Value() * rhn->Value());
+
+    return this;
+}
+
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+CYTarget *New::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    CYSetLast(arguments_) = $ CYArgument(value);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYTarget *New::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(constructor_);
     arguments_->Replace(context);
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
 }
 
+} }
+
 CYNumber *CYNull::Number(CYContext &context) {
     return $D(0);
 }
@@ -354,57 +727,354 @@ CYNumber *CYNumber::Number(CYContext &context) {
 
 CYString *CYNumber::String(CYContext &context) {
     // XXX: there is a precise algorithm for this
-    return $S(apr_psprintf(context.pool_, "%.17g", Value()));
+    return $S($pool.sprintf(24, "%.17g", Value()));
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYObject::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    properties_->Replace(context);
-    return NULL;
+CYExpression *CYNumber::PropertyName(CYContext &context) {
+    return String(context);
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYObject::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYBuilder builder;
+    if (properties_ != NULL)
+        properties_ = properties_->ReplaceAll(context, builder, $ CYThis(), false);
+
+    if (builder) {
+        return $C1($M($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, builder.bindings_->Parameter(context),
+            builder.statements_
+                ->* $ CYReturn($ CYThis())
+        ), $S("call")), this, builder.bindings_->Argument(context));
+    }
+
+    CYForEach (property, properties_)
+        property->Replace(context);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYParenthetical::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    // XXX: return expression_;
+    context.Replace(expression_);
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYExpression *CYPostfix::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(lhs_);
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYExpression *CYPrefix::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(rhs_);
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYProperty *CYProperty::ReplaceAll(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool update) {
+    update |= Update();
+    if (update)
+        Replace(context, builder, self, false);
+    if (next_ != NULL)
+        next_ = next_->ReplaceAll(context, builder, self, update);
+    return update ? next_ : this;
+}
+
+void CYProperty::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, bool protect) {
+    CYExpression *name(name_->PropertyName(context));
+    if (name_->Computed()) {
+        CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());
+        builder.bindings_
+            ->* $B1($B(unique, name));
+        name = $V(unique);
+    }
+
+    Replace(context, builder, self, name, protect);
+}
+
+bool CYProperty::Update() const {
+    return name_->Computed();
+}
+
+void CYPropertyGetter::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect) {
+    CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());
+    builder.bindings_
+        ->* $B1($B(unique, CYSuperize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_))));
+    builder.statements_
+        ->* CYDefineProperty(self, name, true, !protect, $ CYPropertyValue($S("get"), $V(unique)));
+}
+
+CYFunctionExpression *CYPropertyMethod::Constructor() {
+    return name_->Constructor() ? $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_) : NULL;
+}
+
+void CYPropertyMethod::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect) {
+    CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());
+    builder.bindings_
+        ->* $B1($B(unique, CYSuperize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_))));
+    builder.statements_
+        ->* (!protect ? $E($ CYAssign($M(self, name), $V(unique))) :
+            CYDefineProperty(self, name, true, !protect, $ CYPropertyValue($S("value"), $V(unique), $ CYPropertyValue($S("writable"), $ CYTrue()))));
+}
+
+bool CYPropertyMethod::Update() const {
+    return true;
+}
+
+void CYPropertySetter::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect) {
+    CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());
+    builder.bindings_
+        ->* $B1($B(unique, CYSuperize(context, $ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_))));
+    builder.statements_
+        ->* CYDefineProperty(self, name, true, !protect, $ CYPropertyValue($S("set"), $V(unique)));
 }
 
-void CYProgram::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    statements_ = statements_->ReplaceAll(context);
+void CYPropertyValue::Replace(CYContext &context, CYBuilder &builder, CYExpression *self, CYExpression *name, bool protect) {
+    _assert(!protect);
+    CYIdentifier *unique(context.Unique());
+    builder.bindings_
+        ->* $B1($B(unique, value_));
+    builder.statements_
+        ->* $E($ CYAssign($M(self, name), $V(unique)));
 }
 
-void CYProperty::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T()
+void CYPropertyValue::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(value_);
-    next_->Replace(context);
+}
+
+void CYScript::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYScope scope(false, context);
+    context.scope_->Damage();
+
+    context.nextlocal_ = $ CYNonLocal();
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+    context.NonLocal(code_);
+
+    scope.Close(context, code_);
+
+    unsigned offset(0);
+
+    for (std::vector<CYIdentifier *>::const_iterator i(context.replace_.begin()); i != context.replace_.end(); ++i) {
+        const char *name;
+        if (context.options_.verbose_)
+            name = $pool.strcat("$", $pool.itoa(offset++), NULL);
+        else {
+            char id[8];
+            id[7] = '\0';
+
+          id:
+            unsigned position(7), local(offset++ + 1);
+
+            do {
+                unsigned index(local % (sizeof(MappingSet) - 1));
+                local /= sizeof(MappingSet) - 1;
+                id[--position] = MappingSet[index];
+            } while (local != 0);
+
+            if (scope.Lookup(context, id + position) != NULL)
+                goto id;
+            // XXX: at some point, this could become a keyword
+
+            name = $pool.strmemdup(id + position, 7 - position);
+        }
+
+        CYIdentifier *identifier(*i);
+        _assert(identifier->next_ == identifier);
+        identifier->next_ = $I(name);
+    }
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYReturn::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    if (context.nonlocal_ != NULL) {
+        CYProperty *value(value_ == NULL ? NULL : $ CYPropertyValue($S("$cyv"), value_));
+        return $ cy::Syntax::Throw($ CYObject(
+            $ CYPropertyValue($S("$cyk"), $V(context.nonlocal_->Target(context)), value)
+        ));
+    }
+
     context.Replace(value_);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYRubyBlock::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return call_->AddArgument(context, proc_->Replace(context));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYRubyBlock::AddArgument(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    return Replace(context)->AddArgument(context, value);
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYRubyProc::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYFunctionExpression *function($ CYFunctionExpression(NULL, parameters_, code_));
+    function = CYNonLocalize(context, function);
+    function->implicit_ = true;
+    return function;
+}
+
+CYScope::CYScope(bool transparent, CYContext &context) :
+    transparent_(transparent),
+    parent_(context.scope_),
+    damaged_(false),
+    shadow_(NULL),
+    internal_(NULL)
+{
+    _assert(!transparent_ || parent_ != NULL);
+    context.scope_ = this;
+}
+
+void CYScope::Damage() {
+    damaged_ = true;
+    if (parent_ != NULL)
+        parent_->Damage();
+}
+
+CYIdentifierFlags *CYScope::Lookup(CYContext &context, const char *word) {
+    CYForEach (i, internal_)
+        if (strcmp(i->identifier_->Word(), word) == 0)
+            return i;
     return NULL;
 }
 
-CYStatement *CYStatement::ReplaceAll(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
-    CYStatement *replace(this);
-    context.Replace(replace);
+CYIdentifierFlags *CYScope::Lookup(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier) {
+    return Lookup(context, identifier->Word());
+}
+
+CYIdentifierFlags *CYScope::Declare(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierKind kind) {
+    _assert(identifier->next_ == NULL || identifier->next_ == identifier);
+
+    CYIdentifierFlags *existing(Lookup(context, identifier));
+    if (existing == NULL)
+        internal_ = $ CYIdentifierFlags(identifier, kind, internal_);
+    ++internal_->count_;
+    if (existing == NULL)
+        return internal_;
+
+    if (kind == CYIdentifierGlobal);
+    else if (existing->kind_ == CYIdentifierGlobal || existing->kind_ == CYIdentifierMagic)
+        existing->kind_ = kind;
+    else if (existing->kind_ == CYIdentifierLexical || kind == CYIdentifierLexical)
+        _assert(false); // XXX: throw new SyntaxError()
+
+    return existing;
+}
+
+void CYScope::Merge(CYContext &context, const CYIdentifierFlags *flags) {
+    _assert(flags->identifier_->next_ == flags->identifier_);
+    CYIdentifierFlags *existing(Declare(context, flags->identifier_, flags->kind_));
+    flags->identifier_->next_ = existing->identifier_;
+
+    existing->count_ += flags->count_;
+    if (existing->offset_ < flags->offset_)
+        existing->offset_ = flags->offset_;
+}
+
+void CYScope::Close(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements) {
+    Close(context);
+
+    CYList<CYBindings> bindings;
+
+    CYForEach (i, internal_)
+        if (i->kind_ == CYIdentifierVariable)
+            bindings
+                ->* $ CYBindings($ CYBinding(i->identifier_));
+
+    if (bindings) {
+        CYVar *var($ CYVar(bindings));
+        var->SetNext(statements);
+        statements = var;
+    }
+}
+
+void CYScope::Close(CYContext &context) {
+    context.scope_ = parent_;
+
+    CYForEach (i, internal_) {
+        _assert(i->identifier_->next_ == i->identifier_);
+    switch (i->kind_) {
+        case CYIdentifierArgument: {
+            _assert(!transparent_);
+        } break;
+
+        case CYIdentifierLexical: {
+            if (!damaged_) {
+                CYIdentifier *replace(context.Unique());
+                replace->next_ = replace;
+                i->identifier_->next_ = replace;
+                i->identifier_ = replace;
+            }
+
+            if (!transparent_)
+                i->kind_ = CYIdentifierVariable;
+            else
+                parent_->Declare(context, i->identifier_, CYIdentifierVariable);
+        } break;
+
+        case CYIdentifierVariable: {
+            if (transparent_) {
+                parent_->Declare(context, i->identifier_, i->kind_);
+                i->kind_ = CYIdentifierGlobal;
+            }
+        } break;
+    default:; } }
+
+    if (damaged_)
+        return;
+
+    typedef std::multimap<unsigned, CYIdentifier *> CYIdentifierOffsetMap;
+    CYIdentifierOffsetMap offsets;
+
+    CYForEach (i, internal_) {
+        _assert(i->identifier_->next_ == i->identifier_);
+    switch (i->kind_) {
+        case CYIdentifierArgument:
+        case CYIdentifierVariable:
+            offsets.insert(CYIdentifierOffsetMap::value_type(i->offset_, i->identifier_));
+        break;
+    default:; } }
+
+    unsigned offset(0);
+
+    for (CYIdentifierOffsetMap::const_iterator i(offsets.begin()); i != offsets.end(); ++i) {
+        if (offset < i->first)
+            offset = i->first;
+        CYIdentifier *identifier(i->second);
+
+        if (offset >= context.replace_.size())
+            context.replace_.resize(offset + 1, NULL);
+        CYIdentifier *&replace(context.replace_[offset++]);
+
+        if (replace == NULL)
+            replace = identifier;
+        else {
+            _assert(replace->next_ == replace);
+            identifier->next_ = replace;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (parent_ == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    CYForEach (i, internal_) {
+    switch (i->kind_) {
+        case CYIdentifierGlobal: {
+            if (i->offset_ < offset)
+                i->offset_ = offset;
+            parent_->Merge(context, i);
+        } break;
+    default:; } }
+}
 
-    if (CYStatement *next = next_->ReplaceAll(context))
-        replace->SetNext(next);
-    else
-        replace->SetNext(next_);
+CYElementValue *CYSpan::Replace(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
+    return $ CYElementValue(expression_, $ CYElementValue(string_, next_->Replace(context)));
+}
 
-    return replace;
+CYStatement *CYStatement::Return() {
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYString *CYString::Concat(CYContext &context, CYString *rhs) const {
     size_t size(size_ + rhs->size_);
-    char *value(new(context.pool_) char[size + 1]);
+    char *value($ char[size + 1]);
     memcpy(value, value_, size_);
     memcpy(value + size_, rhs->value_, rhs->size_);
     value[size] = '\0';
-    return $S(value);
+    return $S(value, size);
 }
 
 CYNumber *CYString::Number(CYContext &context) {
@@ -412,27 +1082,82 @@ CYNumber *CYString::Number(CYContext &context) {
     return NULL;
 }
 
+CYExpression *CYString::PropertyName(CYContext &context) {
+    return this;
+}
+
 CYString *CYString::String(CYContext &context) {
     return this;
 }
 
+CYStatement *CYStructDefinition::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYTarget *target(tail_->Replace(context));
+    if (name_ != NULL)
+        target = $C1($M(target, $S("withName")), $S(name_->Word()));
+    return $ CYLexical(false, $B1($B($I($pool.strcat(name_->Word(), "$cy", NULL)), target)));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYStructTail::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYList<CYElementValue> types;
+    CYList<CYElementValue> names;
+
+    CYForEach (field, fields_) {
+        CYTypedIdentifier *typed(field->typed_);
+        types->*$ CYElementValue(typed->Replace(context));
+
+        CYExpression *name;
+        if (typed->identifier_ == NULL)
+            name = NULL;
+        else
+            name = $S(typed->identifier_->Word());
+        names->*$ CYElementValue(name);
+    }
+
+    return $N2($V("Type"), $ CYArray(types), $ CYArray(names));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYSuperAccess::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $C1($M($M($M($V(context.super_), $S("prototype")), property_), $S("bind")), $ CYThis());
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYSuperCall::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $C($C1($M($V(context.super_), $S("bind")), $ CYThis()), arguments_);
+}
+
 CYStatement *CYSwitch::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(value_);
     clauses_->Replace(context);
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYThis::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return NULL;
+CYStatement *CYTarget::Initialize(CYContext &context, CYExpression *value) {
+    if (value == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    return $E($ CYAssign(this, value));
 }
 
-CYStatement *CYThrow::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYTemplate::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $C2($M($M($M($V("String"), $S("prototype")), $S("concat")), $S("apply")), $S(""), $ CYArray($ CYElementValue(string_, spans_->Replace(context))));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYThis::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    if (context.this_ != NULL)
+        return $V(context.this_->Identifier(context));
+    return this;
+}
+
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+CYStatement *Throw::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(value_);
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYTrivial::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    return NULL;
+} }
+
+CYTarget *CYTrivial::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYNumber *CYTrue::Number(CYContext &context) {
@@ -443,38 +1168,158 @@ CYString *CYTrue::String(CYContext &context) {
     return $S("true");
 }
 
-CYStatement *CYTry::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    code_.Replace(context);
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+CYStatement *Try::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYScope scope(true, context);
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+    scope.Close(context);
+
     catch_->Replace(context);
     finally_->Replace(context);
-    return NULL;
+    return this;
 }
 
-CYStatement *CYVar::Replace(CYContext &context) {
-    declarations_->Replace(context);
-    return NULL;
+} }
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeArrayOf::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {
+    return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("arrayOf")), $ CYArgument(size_)));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeBlockWith::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {
+    return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("blockWith")), parameters_->Argument(context)));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeConstant::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {
+    return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("constant"))));
+}
+
+CYStatement *CYTypeDefinition::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYIdentifier *identifier(typed_->identifier_);
+    typed_->identifier_ = NULL;
+    return $ CYLexical(false, $B1($B(identifier, $ CYTypeExpression(typed_))));
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+CYTarget *CYTypeError::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    _assert(false);
     return NULL;
 }
 
+CYTarget *CYTypeExpression::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return typed_->Replace(context);
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeModifier::Replace(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) { $T(type)
+    return Replace_(context, type);
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeFunctionWith::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {
+    return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("functionWith")), parameters_->Argument(context)));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeLong::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("long")));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypePointerTo::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {
+    return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("pointerTo"))));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeReference::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $V($pool.strcat(name_->Word(), "$cy", NULL));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeShort::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("short")));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeSigned::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("signed")));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeStruct::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    CYTarget *target(tail_->Replace(context));
+    if (name_ != NULL)
+        target = $C1($M(target, $S("withName")), $S(name_->Word()));
+    return target;
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeUnsigned::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(specifier_->Replace(context), $ CYString("unsigned")));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $V(name_);
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeVoid::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return $N1($V("Type"), $ CYString("v"));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypeVolatile::Replace_(CYContext &context, CYTarget *type) {
+    return next_->Replace(context, $ CYCall($ CYDirectMember(type, $ CYString("volatile"))));
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYTypedIdentifier::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    return modifier_->Replace(context, specifier_->Replace(context));
+}
+
+CYTypeFunctionWith *CYTypedIdentifier::Function() {
+    CYTypeModifier **modifier(&modifier_);
+    if (*modifier == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    while ((*modifier)->next_ != NULL)
+        modifier = &(*modifier)->next_;
+    CYTypeFunctionWith *function((*modifier)->Function());
+    if (function == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    *modifier = NULL;
+    return function;
+}
+
+CYArgument *CYTypedParameter::Argument(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
+    return $ CYArgument(typed_->Replace(context), next_->Argument(context));
+}
+
+CYFunctionParameter *CYTypedParameter::Parameters(CYContext &context) { $T(NULL)
+    return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYBinding(typed_->identifier_ ?: context.Unique()), next_->Parameters(context));
+}
+
+CYExpression *CYTypedParameter::TypeSignature(CYContext &context, CYExpression *prefix) { $T(prefix)
+    return next_->TypeSignature(context, $ CYAdd(prefix, typed_->Replace(context)));
+}
+
+CYForInitializer *CYVar::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    if (CYExpression *expression = bindings_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierVariable))
+        return $E(expression);
+    return $ CYEmpty();
+}
+
+CYTarget *CYVariable::Replace(CYContext &context) {
+    name_ = name_->Replace(context, CYIdentifierGlobal);
+    return this;
+}
+
+CYFunctionParameter *CYVariable::Parameter() const {
+    return $ CYFunctionParameter($ CYBinding(name_));
+}
+
 CYStatement *CYWhile::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(test_);
-    context.Replace(code_);
-    return NULL;
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+    return this;
 }
 
 CYStatement *CYWith::Replace(CYContext &context) {
     context.Replace(scope_);
-    context.Replace(code_);
-    return NULL;
+    CYScope scope(true, context);
+    scope.Damage();
+    context.ReplaceAll(code_);
+    scope.Close(context);
+    return this;
 }
 
-CYExpression *CYWord::ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object) {
-    CYString *name($S(this));
-    if (object)
-        return $C1($V("objc_getClass"), name);
-    else
-        return name;
+CYExpression *CYWord::PropertyName(CYContext &context) {
+    return $S(this);
 }