X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/42619b59a10d5aa52f64a2e89fb32fdd6d0e3822..1e8d80477a3e058a30c477955f1e0c56deb6e956:/Java/Execute.cpp

diff --git a/Java/Execute.cpp b/Java/Execute.cpp
index bdfd3eb..1a227ab 100644
--- a/Java/Execute.cpp
+++ b/Java/Execute.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
- * Copyright (C) 2009-2015  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+/* Cycript - The Truly Universal Scripting Language
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2016  Jay Freeman (saurik)
 */
 
 /* GNU Affero General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
@@ -23,13 +23,21 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <vector>
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && !defined(__arm__)
 #include <JavaVM/jni.h>
 #else
 #include <jni.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+// XXX: this is deprecated?!?!?!?!?!?!
+#include <sys/system_properties.h>
+#endif
+
 #include "cycript.hpp"
+#include "Error.hpp"
 #include "Execute.hpp"
 #include "Internal.hpp"
 #include "JavaScript.hpp"
@@ -45,7 +53,7 @@
     __typeof__(jni->expr) _value(jni->expr); \
     if (jthrowable _error = jni->ExceptionOccurred()) { \
         jni->ExceptionClear(); \
-        CYThrow("_envcall(%s): %p", #expr, _error); \
+        throw CYJavaError(CYJavaLocal<jthrowable>(jni, _error)); \
     } \
 _value; })
 
@@ -53,161 +61,401 @@ _value; })
     jni->expr; \
     if (jthrowable _error = jni->ExceptionOccurred()) { \
         jni->ExceptionClear(); \
-        CYThrow("_envcall(%s): %p", #expr, _error); \
+        throw CYJavaError(CYJavaLocal<jthrowable>(jni, _error)); \
     } \
 } while (false)
 
-extern "C" {
-    // Android's jni.h seriously doesn't declare these :/
-    jint JNI_CreateJavaVM(JavaVM **, void **, void *);
-    jint JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs(JavaVM **, jsize, jsize *);
-}
+#define CYJavaTry \
+    CYJavaEnv jni(env); \
+    auto &protect(*reinterpret_cast<CYProtect *>(jprotect)); \
+    _disused JSContextRef context(protect); \
+    _disused JSObjectRef object(protect); \
+    try
+#define CYJavaCatch(value) \
+    catch (const CYException &error) { \
+        jni->Throw(CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, error.CastJSValue(context, "Error")).cast<jthrowable>()); \
+        return value; \
+    }
 
-JNIEnv *GetJNI() {
-    static JavaVM *jvm(NULL);
-    static JNIEnv *jni(NULL);
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive \
+    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(Z, z, Boolean, Boolean, boolean) \
+    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(B, b, Byte, Byte, byte) \
+    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(C, c, Char, Character, char) \
+    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(S, s, Short, Short, short) \
+    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(I, i, Int, Integer, int) \
+    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(J, j, Long, Long, long) \
+    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(F, f, Float, Float, float) \
+    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(D, d, Double, Double, double)
 
-    if (jni != NULL)
-        return jni;
-    jint version(JNI_VERSION_1_4);
+enum CYJavaPrimitive : char {
+    CYJavaPrimitiveObject,
+    CYJavaPrimitiveVoid,
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
+    CYJavaPrimitive ## Type,
+CYJavaForEachPrimitive
+#undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
+};
 
-    jsize capacity(16);
-    JavaVM *jvms[capacity];
-    jsize size;
-    _jnicall(JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs(jvms, capacity, &size));
+template <typename Type_>
+struct IsJavaPrimitive { static const bool value = false; };
 
-    if (size != 0) {
-        jvm = jvms[0];
-        _jnicall(jvm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void **>(&jni), version));
-    } else {
-        JavaVMInitArgs args;
-        memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
-        args.version = version;
-        _jnicall(JNI_CreateJavaVM(&jvm, reinterpret_cast<void **>(&jni), &args));
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
+    template <> \
+    struct IsJavaPrimitive<j ## type> { static const bool value = true; };
+CYJavaForEachPrimitive
+#undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
+
+// Java References {{{
+template <typename Value_>
+struct CYJavaRef {
+    JNIEnv *jni_;
+    Value_ value_;
+
+    _finline CYJavaRef(JNIEnv *jni, Value_ value) :
+        jni_(jni),
+        value_(value)
+    {
     }
 
-    return jni;
-}
+    _finline operator Value_() const {
+        return value_;
+    }
+
+    _finline JNIEnv *jni() const {
+        return jni_;
+    }
+
+    // XXX: this is only needed to support CYJavaEnv relying on C variadics
+    _finline Value_ get() const {
+        return value_;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Other_>
+    _finline CYJavaRef<Other_> cast() const {
+        return {jni_, static_cast<Other_>(value_)};
+    }
+
+    // XXX: this should be tied into CYJavaFrame
+    Value_ leak() {
+        Value_ value(value_);
+        value_ = NULL;
+        return value;
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename Value_, void (JNIEnv::*Delete_)(jobject)>
+struct CYJavaDelete :
+    CYJavaRef<Value_>
+{
+    _finline CYJavaDelete(JNIEnv *jni, Value_ value) :
+        CYJavaRef<Value_>(jni, value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void clear() {
+        if (this->value_ != NULL)
+            (this->jni_->*Delete_)(this->value_);
+        this->value_ = NULL;
+    }
+
+    ~CYJavaDelete() {
+        clear();
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename Value_>
+struct CYJavaGlobal :
+    CYJavaDelete<Value_, &JNIEnv::DeleteGlobalRef>
+{
+    typedef CYJavaDelete<Value_, &JNIEnv::DeleteGlobalRef> CYJavaBase;
+
+    CYJavaGlobal() :
+        CYJavaBase(NULL, NULL)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <typename Other_>
+    CYJavaGlobal(const CYJavaRef<Other_> &other) :
+        CYJavaBase(other.jni_, static_cast<Other_>(other.jni_->NewGlobalRef(other.value_)))
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYJavaGlobal(const CYJavaGlobal<Value_> &other) :
+        CYJavaGlobal(static_cast<const CYJavaRef<Value_> &>(other))
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYJavaGlobal(CYJavaGlobal &&value) :
+        CYJavaBase(value.jni_, value.value_)
+    {
+        value.value_ = NULL;
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename Value_>
+struct CYJavaLocal :
+    CYJavaDelete<Value_, &JNIEnv::DeleteLocalRef>
+{
+    typedef CYJavaDelete<Value_, &JNIEnv::DeleteLocalRef> CYJavaBase;
+
+    CYJavaLocal() :
+        CYJavaBase(NULL, NULL)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYJavaLocal(JNIEnv *jni, Value_ value) :
+        CYJavaBase(jni, value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <typename Other_>
+    CYJavaLocal(const CYJavaRef<Other_> &other) :
+        CYJavaLocal(other.jni_, static_cast<Other_>(other.jni_->NewLocalRef(other.value_)))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <typename Other_>
+    CYJavaLocal(CYJavaRef<Other_> &&other) :
+        CYJavaLocal(other.jni_, other.value_)
+    {
+        other.value_ = NULL;
+    }
+
+    CYJavaLocal(CYJavaLocal &&other) :
+        CYJavaLocal(static_cast<CYJavaRef<Value_> &&>(other))
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <typename Other_>
+    CYJavaLocal &operator =(CYJavaLocal<Other_> &&other) {
+        this->clear();
+        this->jni_ = other.jni_;
+        this->value_ = other.value_;
+        other.value_ = NULL;
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+// }}}
+// Java Strings {{{
+static CYJavaLocal<jstring> CYCastJavaString(const CYJavaRef<jobject> &value);
 
 class CYJavaUTF8String :
     public CYUTF8String
 {
   private:
-    JNIEnv *jni_;
-    jstring value_;
+    const CYJavaRef<jstring> *value_;
 
   public:
-    CYJavaUTF8String(JNIEnv *jni, jstring value) :
-        jni_(jni),
-        value_(value)
+    CYJavaUTF8String(const CYJavaRef<jstring> &value) :
+        value_(&value)
+    {
+        _assert(value);
+        JNIEnv *jni(value.jni());
+        size = jni->GetStringUTFLength(value);
+        data = jni->GetStringUTFChars(value, NULL);
+    }
+
+    CYJavaUTF8String(const CYJavaRef<jobject> &value) :
+        CYJavaUTF8String(CYCastJavaString(value))
     {
-        size = jni_->GetStringUTFLength(value_);
-        data = jni_->GetStringUTFChars(value_, NULL);
     }
 
     ~CYJavaUTF8String() {
-        if (value_ != NULL)
-           jni_->ReleaseStringUTFChars(value_, data);
+        if (value_ != NULL) {
+            JNIEnv *jni(value_->jni());
+            jni->ReleaseStringUTFChars(*value_, data);
+        }
     }
 
     CYJavaUTF8String(const CYJavaUTF8String &) = delete;
 
     CYJavaUTF8String(CYJavaUTF8String &&rhs) :
-        jni_(rhs.jni_),
         value_(rhs.value_)
     {
         rhs.value_ = NULL;
     }
 };
 
-CYJavaUTF8String CYCastUTF8String(JNIEnv *jni, jstring value) {
-    return CYJavaUTF8String(jni, value);
+CYJavaUTF8String CYCastUTF8String(const CYJavaRef<jstring> &value) {
+    return CYJavaUTF8String(value);
 }
 
-JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JNIEnv *jni, jstring value) {
-    return CYCopyJSString(CYCastUTF8String(jni, value));
+JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(const CYJavaRef<jstring> &value) {
+    return CYCopyJSString(CYCastUTF8String(value));
 }
+// }}}
+// Java Error {{{
+struct CYJavaError :
+    CYException
+{
+    CYJavaGlobal<jthrowable> value_;
 
-template <typename Value_>
-struct CYJavaGlobal {
+    CYJavaError(const CYJavaRef<jthrowable> &value) :
+        value_(value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual const char *PoolCString(CYPool &pool) const {
+        return CYPoolCString(pool, CYJavaUTF8String(value_.cast<jobject>()));
+    }
+
+    virtual JSValueRef CastJSValue(JSContextRef context, const char *name) const;
+};
+// }}}
+
+struct CYJavaFrame {
     JNIEnv *jni_;
-    Value_ value_;
 
-    CYJavaGlobal() :
-        jni_(NULL),
-        value_(NULL)
+    CYJavaFrame(JNIEnv *jni, jint capacity) :
+        jni_(jni)
     {
+        _assert(jni->PushLocalFrame(capacity) == 0);
     }
 
-    CYJavaGlobal(JNIEnv *jni, Value_ value) :
-        jni_(jni),
-        value_(static_cast<Value_>(_envcall(jni_, NewGlobalRef(value))))
-    {
+    ~CYJavaFrame() {
+        operator ()(NULL);
+    }
+
+    operator JNIEnv *() const {
+        return jni_;
     }
 
-    CYJavaGlobal(const CYJavaGlobal &value) :
-        CYJavaGlobal(value.jni_, value.value_)
+    jobject operator ()(jobject object) {
+        JNIEnv *jni(jni_);
+        jni_ = NULL;
+        return jni->PopLocalFrame(object);
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYJavaEnv {
+  private:
+    JNIEnv *jni;
+
+  public:
+    CYJavaEnv(JNIEnv *jni) :
+        jni(jni)
     {
     }
 
-    CYJavaGlobal(CYJavaGlobal &&value) :
-        jni_(value.jni_),
-        value_(value.value_)
+    template <typename Other_>
+    CYJavaEnv(const CYJavaRef<Other_> &value) :
+        jni(value.jni())
     {
-        value.value_ = NULL;
     }
 
-    ~CYJavaGlobal() {
-        if (value_ != NULL)
-            _envcallv(jni_, DeleteGlobalRef(value_));
+    operator JNIEnv *() const {
+        return jni;
     }
 
-    operator bool() const {
-        return value_ != NULL;
+    JNIEnv *operator ->() const {
+        return jni;
     }
 
-    operator JNIEnv *() const {
-        return jni_;
+    CYJavaLocal<jclass> FindClass(const char *name) const {
+        return {jni, _envcall(jni, FindClass(name))};
     }
 
-    operator Value_() const {
-        return value_;
+    CYJavaLocal<jclass> GetObjectClass(jobject object) const {
+        return {jni, _envcall(jni, GetObjectClass(object))};
     }
-};
 
-template <typename Internal_, typename Value_>
-struct CYJavaValue :
-    CYPrivate<Internal_>
-{
-    CYJavaGlobal<Value_> value_;
+    CYJavaLocal<jclass> GetSuperclass(jclass _class) const {
+        return {jni, _envcall(jni, GetSuperclass(_class))};
+    }
 
-    CYJavaValue(JNIEnv *jni, Value_ value) :
-        value_(jni, value)
-    {
+    CYJavaLocal<jobject> NewObject(jclass _class, jmethodID method, ...) const {
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, method);
+        jobject object(_envcall(jni, NewObjectV(_class, method, args)));
+        va_end(args);
+        return {jni, object};
     }
 
-    CYJavaValue(const CYJavaValue &) = delete;
-};
+    CYJavaLocal<jobject> NewObjectA(jclass _class, jmethodID method, jvalue *args) const {
+        return {jni, _envcall(jni, NewObjectA(_class, method, args))};
+    }
 
-#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive \
-    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(Z, Boolean, Boolean, boolean) \
-    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(B, Byte, Byte, byte) \
-    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(C, Char, Character, char) \
-    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(S, Short, Short, short) \
-    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(I, Int, Integer, int) \
-    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(J, Long, Long, long) \
-    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(F, Float, Float, float) \
-    CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(D, Double, Double, double)
+    CYJavaLocal<jstring> NewString(const jchar *data, jsize size) const {
+        return {jni, _envcall(jni, NewString(data, size))};
+    }
 
-enum CYJavaPrimitive : char {
-    CYJavaPrimitiveObject,
-    CYJavaPrimitiveVoid,
-#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, Typ, Type, type) \
-    CYJavaPrimitive ## Type,
+#define CYJavaEnv_(Code) \
+    template <typename... Args_> \
+    void Code(Args_ &&... args) const { \
+        _envcallv(jni, Code(cy::Forward<Args_>(args)...)); \
+    }
+
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
+    CYJavaEnv_(Get ## Typ ## ArrayRegion) \
+    CYJavaEnv_(Set ## Typ ## Field) \
+    CYJavaEnv_(SetStatic ## Typ ## Field)
+CYJavaForEachPrimitive
+#undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
+
+    CYJavaEnv_(CallVoidMethod)
+    CYJavaEnv_(CallStaticVoidMethod)
+    CYJavaEnv_(CallVoidMethodA)
+    CYJavaEnv_(CallStaticVoidMethodA)
+    CYJavaEnv_(SetObjectArrayElement)
+    CYJavaEnv_(SetObjectField)
+    CYJavaEnv_(SetStaticObjectField)
+#undef CYJavaEnv_
+
+#define CYJavaEnv_(Code) \
+    template <typename... Args_> \
+    auto Code(Args_ &&... args) const -> decltype(jni->Code(cy::Forward<Args_>(args)...)) { \
+        return _envcall(jni, Code(cy::Forward<Args_>(args)...)); \
+    }
+
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
+    CYJavaEnv_(Call ## Typ ## Method) \
+    CYJavaEnv_(CallStatic ## Typ ## Method) \
+    CYJavaEnv_(Call ## Typ ## MethodA) \
+    CYJavaEnv_(CallStatic ## Typ ## MethodA) \
+    CYJavaEnv_(Get ## Typ ## Field) \
+    CYJavaEnv_(GetStatic ## Typ ## Field)
 CYJavaForEachPrimitive
 #undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
+
+    CYJavaEnv_(FromReflectedField)
+    CYJavaEnv_(FromReflectedMethod)
+    CYJavaEnv_(GetArrayLength)
+    CYJavaEnv_(GetMethodID)
+    CYJavaEnv_(GetStaticMethodID)
+    CYJavaEnv_(IsSameObject)
+    CYJavaEnv_(RegisterNatives)
+#undef CYJavaEnv_
+
+#define CYJavaEnv_(Code) \
+    template <typename Other_, typename... Args_> \
+    auto Code(Args_ &&... args) const -> CYJavaLocal<Other_> { \
+        return {jni, static_cast<Other_>(_envcall(jni, Code(cy::Forward<Args_>(args)...)))}; \
+    }
+
+    CYJavaEnv_(CallObjectMethod)
+    CYJavaEnv_(CallStaticObjectMethod)
+    CYJavaEnv_(CallObjectMethodA)
+    CYJavaEnv_(CallStaticObjectMethodA)
+    CYJavaEnv_(GetObjectArrayElement)
+    CYJavaEnv_(GetObjectField)
+    CYJavaEnv_(GetStaticObjectField)
+#undef CYJavaEnv_
 };
 
+static CYJavaLocal<jstring> CYCastJavaString(const CYJavaRef<jobject> &value) {
+    CYJavaEnv jni(value);
+    auto Object$(jni.FindClass("java/lang/Object"));
+    auto Object$toString(jni.GetMethodID(Object$, "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;"));
+    return jni.CallObjectMethod<jstring>(value, Object$toString);
+}
+
+static JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, const CYJavaRef<jobject> &value);
+
+template <typename Other_>
+static _finline JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, const CYJavaRef<Other_> &value) {
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, value.template cast<jobject>());
+}
+
 template <typename Type_>
 static _finline JSValueRef CYJavaCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, Type_ value) {
     return CYCastJSValue(context, value);
@@ -217,21 +465,30 @@ static _finline JSValueRef CYJavaCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, jboolean valu
     return CYCastJSValue(context, static_cast<bool>(value));
 }
 
+JSValueRef CYJavaError::CastJSValue(JSContextRef context, const char *name) const {
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, value_);
+}
+
 static std::map<std::string, CYJavaPrimitive> Primitives_;
 
-static CYJavaPrimitive CYJavaGetPrimitive(JNIEnv *jni, jobject type, jmethodID Class$get$$Name) {
-    CYJavaUTF8String name(jni, static_cast<jstring>(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(type, Class$get$$Name))));
+static CYJavaPrimitive CYJavaGetPrimitive(JSContextRef context, const CYJavaRef<jclass> &type, jmethodID Class$get$$Name) {
+    CYJavaEnv jni(type);
+    auto string(jni.CallObjectMethod<jstring>(type, Class$get$$Name));
+    _assert(string);
+
+    CYJavaUTF8String name(string);
     auto primitive(Primitives_.find(name));
     return primitive != Primitives_.end() ? primitive->second : CYJavaPrimitiveObject;
 }
 
 typedef std::vector<CYJavaPrimitive> CYJavaShorty;
 
-static CYJavaShorty CYJavaGetShorty(JNIEnv *jni, jobjectArray types, jmethodID Class$get$$Name) {
-    size_t count(_envcall(jni, GetArrayLength(types)));
+static CYJavaShorty CYJavaGetShorty(JSContextRef context, const CYJavaRef<jobjectArray> &types, jmethodID Class$get$$Name) {
+    CYJavaEnv jni(types);
+    size_t count(jni.GetArrayLength(types));
     CYJavaShorty shorty(count);
     for (size_t index(0); index != count; ++index)
-        shorty[index] = CYJavaGetPrimitive(jni, _envcall(jni, GetObjectArrayElement(types, index)), Class$get$$Name);
+        shorty[index] = CYJavaGetPrimitive(context, jni.GetObjectArrayElement<jclass>(types, index), Class$get$$Name);
     return shorty;
 }
 
@@ -243,66 +500,81 @@ struct CYJavaField {
 typedef std::map<std::string, CYJavaField> CYJavaFieldMap;
 
 struct CYJavaSignature {
-    CYJavaGlobal<jobject> method;
-    CYJavaPrimitive primitive;
-    CYJavaShorty shorty;
-
-    CYJavaSignature(JNIEnv *jni, jobject method, CYJavaPrimitive primitive, const CYJavaShorty &shorty) :
-        method(jni, method),
-        primitive(primitive),
-        shorty(shorty)
+    CYJavaGlobal<jobject> reflected_;
+    jmethodID method_;
+    CYJavaPrimitive primitive_;
+    CYJavaShorty shorty_;
+
+    CYJavaSignature(const CYJavaRef<jobject> &reflected, jmethodID method, CYJavaPrimitive primitive, const CYJavaShorty &shorty) :
+        reflected_(reflected),
+        method_(method),
+        primitive_(primitive),
+        shorty_(shorty)
     {
     }
 
     CYJavaSignature(unsigned count) :
-        shorty(count)
+        shorty_(count)
     {
     }
 
     bool operator <(const CYJavaSignature &rhs) const {
-        return shorty.size() < rhs.shorty.size();
+        return shorty_.size() < rhs.shorty_.size();
     }
 };
 
 typedef std::multiset<CYJavaSignature> CYJavaOverload;
 
 struct CYJavaMethod :
-    CYPrivate<CYJavaMethod>
+    CYRoot
 {
-    JNIEnv *jni_;
     CYJavaOverload overload_;
 
-    // XXX: figure out move constructors on Apple's crappy toolchain
-    CYJavaMethod(JNIEnv *jni, const CYJavaOverload &overload) :
-        jni_(jni),
+    CYJavaMethod(const CYJavaOverload &overload) :
+        overload_(overload)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYJavaStaticMethod :
+    CYRoot
+{
+    CYJavaOverload overload_;
+
+    CYJavaStaticMethod(const CYJavaOverload &overload) :
         overload_(overload)
     {
     }
 };
 
 struct CYJavaClass :
-    CYJavaValue<CYJavaClass, jclass>
+    CYRoot
 {
+    CYJavaGlobal<jclass> value_;
+    bool interface_;
+
     CYJavaFieldMap static_;
     CYJavaFieldMap instance_;
     CYJavaOverload overload_;
 
-    CYJavaClass(JNIEnv *jni, jclass value) :
-        CYJavaValue(jni, value)
+    CYJavaClass(const CYJavaRef<jclass> &value, bool interface) :
+        value_(value),
+        interface_(interface)
     {
     }
 };
 
-static JSObjectRef CYGetJavaClass(JSContextRef context, JNIEnv *jni, jclass _class);
+static JSObjectRef CYGetJavaClass(JSContextRef context, const CYJavaRef<jclass> &_class);
 
 struct CYJavaObject :
-    CYJavaValue<CYJavaObject, jobject>
+    CYRoot
 {
+    CYJavaGlobal<jobject> value_;
     CYJavaClass *table_;
 
-    CYJavaObject(JNIEnv *jni, jobject value, JSContextRef context) :
-        CYJavaValue(jni, value),
-        table_(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaClass *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(CYGetJavaClass(context, jni, _envcall(jni, GetObjectClass(value))))))
+    CYJavaObject(const CYJavaRef<jobject> &value, CYJavaClass *table) :
+        value_(value),
+        table_(table)
     {
     }
 
@@ -310,53 +582,116 @@ struct CYJavaObject :
 };
 
 struct CYJavaInterior :
-    CYJavaValue<CYJavaInterior, jobject>
+    CYRoot
 {
+    CYJavaGlobal<jobject> value_;
     CYJavaClass *table_;
 
-    CYJavaInterior(JNIEnv *jni, jobject value, CYJavaClass *table) :
-        CYJavaValue(jni, value),
+    CYJavaInterior(const CYJavaRef<jobject> &value, CYJavaClass *table) :
+        value_(value),
         table_(table)
     {
     }
 };
 
+struct CYJavaStaticInterior :
+    CYRoot
+{
+    CYJavaGlobal<jclass> value_;
+    CYJavaClass *table_;
+
+    CYJavaStaticInterior(const CYJavaRef<jclass> &value, CYJavaClass *table) :
+        value_(value),
+        table_(table)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYJavaArray :
+    CYRoot
+{
+    CYJavaGlobal<jarray> value_;
+    CYJavaPrimitive primitive_;
+
+    CYJavaArray(const CYJavaRef<jarray> &value, CYJavaPrimitive primitive) :
+        value_(value),
+        primitive_(primitive)
+    {
+    }
+
+    JSValueRef GetPrototype(JSContextRef context) const;
+};
+
 struct CYJavaPackage :
-    CYPrivate<CYJavaPackage>
+    CYRoot
 {
+    JNIEnv *jni_;
+
     typedef std::vector<std::string> Path;
     Path package_;
 
-    _finline CYJavaPackage(const Path &package) :
+    _finline CYJavaPackage(JNIEnv *jni, const Path &package) :
+        jni_(jni),
         package_(package)
     {
     }
 };
 
 JSValueRef CYJavaObject::GetPrototype(JSContextRef context) const {
-    JNIEnv *jni(value_);
-    return CYGetProperty(context, CYGetJavaClass(context, jni, _envcall(jni, GetObjectClass(value_))), prototype_s);
+    CYJavaEnv jni(value_);
+    return CYGetProperty(context, CYGetJavaClass(context, jni.GetObjectClass(value_)), prototype_s);
+}
+
+JSValueRef CYJavaArray::GetPrototype(JSContextRef context) const {
+    return CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype"));
 }
 
-static JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, JNIEnv *jni, jobject value) {
-    if (value == NULL)
+static JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, const CYJavaRef<jobject> &value) {
+    if (!value)
         return CYJSNull(context);
-    return CYJavaObject::Make(context, jni, value, context);
+    CYJavaEnv jni(value);
+
+    auto _class(jni.GetObjectClass(value));
+    if (jni.IsSameObject(_class, jni.FindClass("java/lang/String")))
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(value.cast<jstring>()));
+
+    auto Class$(jni.FindClass("java/lang/Class"));
+    auto Class$isArray(jni.GetMethodID(Class$, "isArray", "()Z"));
+    if (jni.CallBooleanMethod(_class, Class$isArray)) {
+        auto Class$getComponentType(jni.GetMethodID(Class$, "getComponentType", "()Ljava/lang/Class;"));
+        auto component(jni.CallObjectMethod<jclass>(_class, Class$getComponentType));
+        auto Class$getName(jni.GetMethodID(Class$, "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;"));
+        return CYPrivate<CYJavaArray>::Make(context, value.cast<jarray>(), CYJavaGetPrimitive(context, component, Class$getName));
+    }
+
+    auto Wrapper$(jni.FindClass("Cycript$Wrapper"));
+    if (jni.IsSameObject(_class, Wrapper$)) {
+        auto Wrapper$getProtect(jni.GetMethodID(Wrapper$, "getProtect", "()J"));
+        auto &protect(*reinterpret_cast<CYProtect *>(jni.CallLongMethod(value, Wrapper$getProtect)));
+        return protect;
+    }
+
+    CYJavaClass *table(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaClass *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(CYGetJavaClass(context, _class))));
+    return CYPrivate<CYJavaObject>::Make(context, value, table);
+}
+
+static _finline JSObjectRef CYCastJSObject(JSContextRef context, const CYJavaRef<jobject> &value) {
+    return CYCastJSObject(context, CYCastJSValue(context, value));
 }
 
-static jstring CYCastJavaString(JNIEnv *jni, CYUTF16String value) {
-    return _envcall(jni, NewString(value.data, value.size));
+static CYJavaLocal<jstring> CYCastJavaString(const CYJavaEnv &jni, JSContextRef context, CYUTF16String value) {
+    return jni.NewString(value.data, value.size);
 }
 
-static jstring CYCastJavaString(JNIEnv *jni, JSStringRef value) {
-    return CYCastJavaString(jni, CYCastUTF16String(value));
+static CYJavaLocal<jstring> CYCastJavaString(const CYJavaEnv &jni, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value) {
+    return CYCastJavaString(jni, context, CYCastUTF16String(value));
 }
 
 #define CYCastJava$(T, Type, jtype, Cast) \
-_disused static jobject CYCastJava ## Type(JNIEnv *jni, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) { \
-    jclass Type$(_envcall(jni, FindClass("java/lang/" #Type))); \
-    jmethodID Type$init$(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Type$, "<init>", "(" #T ")V"))); \
-    return _envcall(jni, NewObject(Type$, Type$init$, static_cast<jtype>(Cast(context, value)))); \
+_disused static CYJavaLocal<jobject> CYCastJava ## Type(const CYJavaEnv &jni, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) { \
+    auto Type$(jni.FindClass("java/lang/" #Type)); \
+    auto Type$init$(jni.GetMethodID(Type$, "<init>", "(" #T ")V")); \
+    return jni.NewObject(Type$, Type$init$, static_cast<jtype>(Cast(context, value))); \
 }
 
 CYCastJava$(Z, Boolean, jboolean, CYCastBool)
@@ -368,133 +703,161 @@ CYCastJava$(J, Long, jlong, CYCastDouble)
 CYCastJava$(F, Float, jfloat, CYCastDouble)
 CYCastJava$(D, Double, jdouble, CYCastDouble)
 
-static jobject CYCastJavaObject(JNIEnv *jni, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef value) {
-    JSObjectRef object(CYCastJSObject(context, value));
-    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, CYJavaObject::Class_)) {
-        CYJavaObject *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaObject *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+static CYJavaClass *CYGetJavaTable(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
+    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, CYPrivate<CYJavaClass>::Class_))
+        return NULL;
+    return reinterpret_cast<CYJavaClass *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object));
+}
+
+static CYJavaObject *CYGetJavaObject(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
+    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, CYPrivate<CYJavaObject>::Class_))
+        return NULL;
+    return reinterpret_cast<CYJavaObject *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object));
+}
+
+static CYJavaLocal<jobject> CYCastJavaObject(const CYJavaEnv &jni, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef value) {
+    if (CYJavaObject *internal = CYGetJavaObject(context, value))
         return internal->value_;
-    }
 
-    _assert(false);
+    auto Wrapper$(jni.FindClass("Cycript$Wrapper"));
+    auto Wrapper$$init$(jni.GetMethodID(Wrapper$, "<init>", "(J)V"));
+    CYProtect *protect(new CYProtect(context, value));
+    return jni.NewObject(Wrapper$, Wrapper$$init$, reinterpret_cast<jlong>(protect));
 }
 
-static jobject CYCastJavaObject(JNIEnv *jni, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+static CYJavaLocal<jobject> CYCastJavaObject(const CYJavaEnv &jni, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     switch (JSValueGetType(context, value)) {
         case kJSTypeNull:
-            return NULL;
+            return {jni, NULL};
         case kJSTypeBoolean:
             return CYCastJavaBoolean(jni, context, value);
         case kJSTypeNumber:
             return CYCastJavaDouble(jni, context, value);
         case kJSTypeString:
-            return CYCastJavaString(jni, CYJSString(context, value));
+            return CYCastJavaString(jni, context, CYJSString(context, value));
         case kJSTypeObject:
             return CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, CYCastJSObject(context, value));
 
         case kJSTypeUndefined:
+            // XXX: I am currently relying on this for dynamic proxy of void method
+            return {jni, NULL};
         default:
             _assert(false);
     }
 }
 
-static JSObjectRef CYGetJavaClass(JSContextRef context, JNIEnv *jni, jclass value) {
+static JSObjectRef CYGetJavaClass(JSContextRef context, const CYJavaRef<jclass> &value) {
+    CYJavaEnv jni(value);
+    CYJavaFrame frame(jni, 64);
+
     JSObjectRef global(CYGetGlobalObject(context));
     JSObjectRef cy(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, cy_s)));
 
-    jclass Class$(_envcall(jni, FindClass("java/lang/Class")));
-    jmethodID Class$getCanonicalName(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Class$, "getCanonicalName", "()Ljava/lang/String;")));
+    auto Class$(jni.FindClass("java/lang/Class"));
+    auto Class$getName(jni.GetMethodID(Class$, "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;"));
 
-    CYJSString name(jni, static_cast<jstring>(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(value, Class$getCanonicalName))));
+    CYJSString name(jni.CallObjectMethod<jstring>(value, Class$getName));
     JSValueRef cached(CYGetProperty(context, cy, name));
     if (!JSValueIsUndefined(context, cached))
         return CYCastJSObject(context, cached);
 
-    jmethodID Class$getDeclaredConstructors(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Class$, "getDeclaredConstructors", "()[Ljava/lang/reflect/Constructor;")));
-    jmethodID Class$getDeclaredFields(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Class$, "getDeclaredFields", "()[Ljava/lang/reflect/Field;")));
-    jmethodID Class$getDeclaredMethods(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Class$, "getDeclaredMethods", "()[Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;")));
+    JSObjectRef constructor;
+    JSObjectRef prototype;
 
-    jclass Constructor$(_envcall(jni, FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Constructor")));
-    //jmethodID Constructor$getModifiers(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Constructor$, "getModifiers", "()I")));
-    jmethodID Constructor$getParameterTypes(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Constructor$, "getParameterTypes", "()[Ljava/lang/Class;")));
+    {
+
+    auto Class$isInterface(jni.GetMethodID(Class$, "isInterface", "()Z"));
+
+    auto Class$getDeclaredConstructors(jni.GetMethodID(Class$, "getDeclaredConstructors", "()[Ljava/lang/reflect/Constructor;"));
+    auto Class$getDeclaredFields(jni.GetMethodID(Class$, "getDeclaredFields", "()[Ljava/lang/reflect/Field;"));
+    auto Class$getDeclaredMethods(jni.GetMethodID(Class$, "getDeclaredMethods", "()[Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;"));
 
-    jclass Field$(_envcall(jni, FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Field")));
-    jmethodID Field$getModifiers(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Field$, "getModifiers", "()I")));
-    jmethodID Field$getName(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Field$, "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;")));
-    jmethodID Field$getType(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Field$, "getType", "()Ljava/lang/Class;")));
+    auto Constructor$(jni.FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Constructor"));
+    //auto Constructor$getModifiers(jni.GetMethodID(Constructor$, "getModifiers", "()I"));
+    auto Constructor$getParameterTypes(jni.GetMethodID(Constructor$, "getParameterTypes", "()[Ljava/lang/Class;"));
 
-    jclass Method$(_envcall(jni, FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Method")));
-    jmethodID Method$getModifiers(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Method$, "getModifiers", "()I")));
-    jmethodID Method$getName(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Method$, "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;")));
-    jmethodID Method$getParameterTypes(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Method$, "getParameterTypes", "()[Ljava/lang/Class;")));
-    jmethodID Method$getReturnType(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Method$, "getReturnType", "()Ljava/lang/Class;")));
+    auto Field$(jni.FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Field"));
+    auto Field$getModifiers(jni.GetMethodID(Field$, "getModifiers", "()I"));
+    auto Field$getName(jni.GetMethodID(Field$, "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;"));
+    auto Field$getType(jni.GetMethodID(Field$, "getType", "()Ljava/lang/Class;"));
 
-    jclass Modifier$(_envcall(jni, FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Modifier")));
-    jmethodID Modifier$isStatic(_envcall(jni, GetStaticMethodID(Modifier$, "isStatic", "(I)Z")));
+    auto Method$(jni.FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Method"));
+    auto Method$getModifiers(jni.GetMethodID(Method$, "getModifiers", "()I"));
+    auto Method$getName(jni.GetMethodID(Method$, "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;"));
+    auto Method$getParameterTypes(jni.GetMethodID(Method$, "getParameterTypes", "()[Ljava/lang/Class;"));
+    auto Method$getReturnType(jni.GetMethodID(Method$, "getReturnType", "()Ljava/lang/Class;"));
 
-    CYJavaClass *table(new CYJavaClass(jni, value));
+    auto Modifier$(jni.FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Modifier"));
+    auto Modifier$isStatic(jni.GetStaticMethodID(Modifier$, "isStatic", "(I)Z"));
 
-    for (jclass prototype(value); prototype != NULL; prototype = _envcall(jni, GetSuperclass(prototype))) {
-        jobjectArray fields(static_cast<jobjectArray>(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(prototype, Class$getDeclaredFields))));
+    auto interface(jni.CallBooleanMethod(value, Class$isInterface));
+    auto table(new CYJavaClass(value, interface));
 
-        for (jsize i(0), e(_envcall(jni, GetArrayLength(fields))); i != e; ++i) {
-            jobject field(_envcall(jni, GetObjectArrayElement(fields, e - i - 1)));
-            jint modifiers(_envcall(jni, CallIntMethod(field, Field$getModifiers)));
-            bool instance(!_envcall(jni, CallStaticBooleanMethod(Modifier$, Modifier$isStatic, modifiers)));
+    for (CYJavaLocal<jclass> prototype(value); prototype; prototype = jni.GetSuperclass(prototype)) {
+        auto fields(jni.CallObjectMethod<jobjectArray>(prototype, Class$getDeclaredFields));
+
+        for (jsize i(0), e(jni.GetArrayLength(fields)); i != e; ++i) {
+            auto field(jni.GetObjectArrayElement<jobject>(fields, e - i - 1));
+            auto modifiers(jni.CallIntMethod(field, Field$getModifiers));
+            auto instance(!jni.CallStaticBooleanMethod(Modifier$, Modifier$isStatic, modifiers));
             auto &map(instance ? table->instance_ : table->static_);
-            CYJavaUTF8String name(jni, static_cast<jstring>(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(field, Field$getName))));
-            jfieldID id(_envcall(jni, FromReflectedField(field)));
-            jobject type(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(field, Field$getType)));
-            map.insert(std::make_pair(std::string(name), CYJavaField{id, CYJavaGetPrimitive(jni, type, Class$getCanonicalName)}));
+            CYJavaUTF8String name(jni.CallObjectMethod<jstring>(field, Field$getName));
+            auto id(jni.FromReflectedField(field));
+            auto type(jni.CallObjectMethod<jclass>(field, Field$getType));
+            map.insert(std::make_pair(std::string(name), CYJavaField{id, CYJavaGetPrimitive(context, type, Class$getName)}));
         }
     }
 
-    JSObjectRef constructor(JSObjectMake(context, CYJavaClass::Class_, table));
-    JSObjectRef indirect(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
-    CYSetPrototype(context, constructor, indirect);
+    constructor = JSObjectMake(context, CYPrivate<CYJavaClass>::Class_, table);
 
-    JSObjectRef prototype(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
+    prototype = JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL);
     CYSetProperty(context, constructor, prototype_s, prototype, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 
-    jobjectArray constructors(static_cast<jobjectArray>(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(value, Class$getDeclaredConstructors))));
+    auto constructors(jni.CallObjectMethod<jobjectArray>(value, Class$getDeclaredConstructors));
 
-    for (jsize i(0), e(_envcall(jni, GetArrayLength(constructors))); i != e; ++i) {
-        jobject constructor(_envcall(jni, GetObjectArrayElement(constructors, i)));
-        jobjectArray parameters(static_cast<jobjectArray>(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(constructor, Constructor$getParameterTypes))));
-        CYJavaShorty shorty(CYJavaGetShorty(jni, parameters, Class$getCanonicalName));
-        table->overload_.insert(CYJavaSignature(jni, constructor, CYJavaPrimitiveObject, shorty));
+    for (jsize i(0), e(jni.GetArrayLength(constructors)); i != e; ++i) {
+        auto constructor(jni.GetObjectArrayElement<jobject>(constructors, i));
+        auto parameters(jni.CallObjectMethod<jobjectArray>(constructor, Constructor$getParameterTypes));
+        CYJavaShorty shorty(CYJavaGetShorty(context, parameters, Class$getName));
+        auto id(jni.FromReflectedMethod(constructor));
+        table->overload_.insert(CYJavaSignature(constructor, id, CYJavaPrimitiveObject, shorty));
     }
 
-    jobjectArray methods(static_cast<jobjectArray>(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(value, Class$getDeclaredMethods))));
+    auto methods(jni.CallObjectMethod<jobjectArray>(value, Class$getDeclaredMethods));
 
     std::map<std::pair<bool, std::string>, CYJavaOverload> entries;
 
-    for (jsize i(0), e(_envcall(jni, GetArrayLength(methods))); i != e; ++i) {
-        jobject method(_envcall(jni, GetObjectArrayElement(methods, i)));
-        jint modifiers(_envcall(jni, CallIntMethod(method, Method$getModifiers)));
-        bool instance(!_envcall(jni, CallStaticBooleanMethod(Modifier$, Modifier$isStatic, modifiers)));
-        CYJavaUTF8String name(jni, static_cast<jstring>(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(method, Method$getName))));
-        jobjectArray parameters(static_cast<jobjectArray>(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(method, Method$getParameterTypes))));
-        CYJavaShorty shorty(CYJavaGetShorty(jni, parameters, Class$getCanonicalName));
-        jobject type(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(method, Method$getReturnType)));
-        auto primitive(CYJavaGetPrimitive(jni, type, Class$getCanonicalName));
-        entries[std::make_pair(instance, std::string(name))].insert(CYJavaSignature(jni, method, primitive, shorty));
+    for (jsize i(0), e(jni.GetArrayLength(methods)); i != e; ++i) {
+        auto method(jni.GetObjectArrayElement<jobject>(methods, i));
+        auto modifiers(jni.CallIntMethod(method, Method$getModifiers));
+        auto instance(!jni.CallStaticBooleanMethod(Modifier$, Modifier$isStatic, modifiers));
+        CYJavaUTF8String name(jni.CallObjectMethod<jstring>(method, Method$getName));
+        auto parameters(jni.CallObjectMethod<jobjectArray>(method, Method$getParameterTypes));
+        CYJavaShorty shorty(CYJavaGetShorty(context, parameters, Class$getName));
+        auto type(jni.CallObjectMethod<jclass>(method, Method$getReturnType));
+        auto primitive(CYJavaGetPrimitive(context, type, Class$getName));
+        auto id(jni.FromReflectedMethod(method));
+        entries[std::make_pair(instance, std::string(name))].insert(CYJavaSignature(method, id, primitive, shorty));
     }
 
     for (const auto &entry : entries) {
         bool instance(entry.first.first);
         CYJSString name(entry.first.second);
         auto &overload(entry.second);
-        auto target(instance ? prototype : indirect);
-        JSValueRef wrapper(CYJavaMethod::Make(context, jni, overload));
-        CYSetProperty(context, target, name, wrapper, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete);
+        if (instance)
+            CYSetProperty(context, prototype, name, CYPrivate<CYJavaMethod>::Make(context, overload), kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete);
+        else
+            CYSetProperty(context, constructor, name, CYPrivate<CYJavaStaticMethod>::Make(context, overload), kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete);
+    }
+
     }
 
     // XXX: for some reason kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum doesn't work if there's already a property with the same name
     // by not linking the prototypes until after we set the properties, we hide the parent property from this issue :(
 
-    if (jclass super = _envcall(jni, GetSuperclass(value))) {
-        JSObjectRef parent(CYGetJavaClass(context, jni, super));
-        CYSetPrototype(context, indirect, CYGetPrototype(context, parent));
+    if (auto super = jni.GetSuperclass(value)) {
+        JSObjectRef parent(CYGetJavaClass(context, super));
+        CYSetPrototype(context, constructor, parent);
         CYSetPrototype(context, prototype, CYGetProperty(context, parent, prototype_s));
     }
 
@@ -502,71 +865,161 @@ static JSObjectRef CYGetJavaClass(JSContextRef context, JNIEnv *jni, jclass valu
     return constructor;
 }
 
-static jobjectArray CYCastJavaArguments(JNIEnv *jni, const CYJavaShorty &shorty, JSContextRef context, const JSValueRef arguments[], jclass Object$) {
-    jobjectArray array(_envcall(jni, NewObjectArray(shorty.size(), Object$, NULL)));
-    for (size_t index(0); index != shorty.size(); ++index) {
-        jobject argument;
-        switch (shorty[index]) {
-            case CYJavaPrimitiveObject:
-                argument = CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, arguments[index]);
-                break;
-#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, Typ, Type, type) \
-            case CYJavaPrimitive ## Type: \
-                argument = CYCastJava ## Type(jni, context, arguments[index]); \
-                break;
+static void CYCastJavaNumeric(jvalue &value, CYJavaPrimitive primitive, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef argument) {
+    switch (primitive) {
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
+        case CYJavaPrimitive ## Type: \
+            value.t = static_cast<j ## type>(CYCastDouble(context, argument)); \
+            break;
 CYJavaForEachPrimitive
 #undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
+        default:
+            _assert(false);
+    }
+}
+
+static bool CYCastJavaArguments(const CYJavaFrame &frame, const CYJavaShorty &shorty, JSContextRef context, const JSValueRef arguments[], jvalue *array) {
+    CYJavaEnv jni(frame);
+
+    for (size_t index(0); index != shorty.size(); ++index) {
+        JSValueRef argument(arguments[index]);
+        JSType type(JSValueGetType(context, argument));
+        jvalue &value(array[index]);
+
+        switch (CYJavaPrimitive primitive = shorty[index]) {
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveObject:
+                // XXX: figure out a way to tie this in to the CYJavaFrame
+                value.l = CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, argument).leak();
+            break;
+
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveBoolean:
+                if (type != kJSTypeBoolean)
+                    return false;
+                value.z = CYCastBool(context, argument);
+            break;
+
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveCharacter:
+                if (type == kJSTypeNumber)
+                    CYCastJavaNumeric(value, primitive, context, argument);
+                else if (type != kJSTypeString)
+                    return false;
+                else {
+                    CYJSString string(context, argument);
+                    if (JSStringGetLength(string) != 1)
+                        return false;
+                    else
+                        value.c = JSStringGetCharactersPtr(string)[0];
+                }
+            break;
+
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveByte:
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveShort:
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveInteger:
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveLong:
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveFloat:
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveDouble:
+                if (type != kJSTypeNumber)
+                    return false;
+                CYCastJavaNumeric(value, primitive, context, argument);
+            break;
+
             default:
                 _assert(false);
         }
-        _envcallv(jni, SetObjectArrayElement(array, index, argument));
     }
 
-    return array;
+    return true;
 }
 
 static JSValueRef JavaMethod_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    CYJavaMethod *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaMethod *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    JNIEnv *jni(internal->jni_);
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaMethod>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaObject *self(CYGetJavaObject(context, _this));
+    _assert(self != NULL);
+    CYJavaEnv jni(self->value_);
 
-    jclass Object$(_envcall(jni, FindClass("java/lang/Object")));
+    CYJavaSignature bound(count);
+    for (auto overload(internal->overload_.lower_bound(bound)), e(internal->overload_.upper_bound(bound)); overload != e; ++overload) {
+        CYJavaFrame frame(jni, count + 16);
+        jvalue array[count];
+        if (!CYCastJavaArguments(frame, overload->shorty_, context, arguments, array))
+            continue;
+        jvalue *values(array);
+        switch (overload->primitive_) {
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveObject:
+                return CYCastJSValue(context, jni.CallObjectMethodA<jobject>(self->value_, overload->method_, values));
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveVoid:
+                jni.CallVoidMethodA(self->value_, overload->method_, values);
+                return CYJSUndefined(context);
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
+            case CYJavaPrimitive ## Type: \
+                return CYJavaCastJSValue(context, jni.Call ## Typ ## MethodA(self->value_, overload->method_, values));
+CYJavaForEachPrimitive
+#undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
+            default: _assert(false);
+        }
+    }
 
-    jclass Method$(_envcall(jni, FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Method")));
-    jmethodID Method$invoke(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Method$, "invoke", "(Ljava/lang/Object;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;")));
+    CYThrow("invalid method call");
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-    jobject self(CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, _this));
+static JSValueRef JavaStaticMethod_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaStaticMethod>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaClass *table(CYGetJavaTable(context, _this));
+    CYJavaEnv jni(table->value_);
 
     CYJavaSignature bound(count);
     for (auto overload(internal->overload_.lower_bound(bound)), e(internal->overload_.upper_bound(bound)); overload != e; ++overload) {
-        jobjectArray array(CYCastJavaArguments(jni, overload->shorty, context, arguments, Object$));
-        jobject object(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(overload->method, Method$invoke, self, array)));
-        return CYCastJSValue(context, jni, object);
+        CYJavaFrame frame(jni, count + 16);
+        jvalue array[count];
+        if (!CYCastJavaArguments(frame, overload->shorty_, context, arguments, array))
+            continue;
+        jvalue *values(array);
+        switch (overload->primitive_) {
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveObject:
+                return CYCastJSValue(context, jni.CallStaticObjectMethodA<jobject>(table->value_, overload->method_, values));
+            case CYJavaPrimitiveVoid:
+                jni.CallStaticVoidMethodA(table->value_, overload->method_, values);
+                return CYJSUndefined(context);
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
+            case CYJavaPrimitive ## Type: \
+                return CYJavaCastJSValue(context, jni.CallStatic ## Typ ## MethodA(table->value_, overload->method_, values));
+CYJavaForEachPrimitive
+#undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
+            default: _assert(false);
+        }
     }
 
     CYThrow("invalid method call");
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef JavaClass_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    CYJavaClass *table(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaClass *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    JNIEnv *jni(table->value_);
-
-    jclass Object$(_envcall(jni, FindClass("java/lang/Object")));
-
-    jclass Constructor$(_envcall(jni, FindClass("java/lang/reflect/Constructor")));
-    jmethodID Constructor$newInstance(_envcall(jni, GetMethodID(Constructor$, "newInstance", "([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;")));
+    auto table(CYPrivate<CYJavaClass>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaEnv jni(table->value_);
+    jclass _class(table->value_);
+
+    if (table->interface_ && count == 1) {
+        auto Cycript$(jni.FindClass("Cycript"));
+        auto Cycript$Make(jni.GetStaticMethodID(Cycript$, "proxy", "(Ljava/lang/Class;LCycript$Wrapper;)Ljava/lang/Object;"));
+        return CYCastJSObject(context, jni.CallObjectMethod<jobject>(Cycript$, Cycript$Make, _class, CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, CYCastJSObject(context, arguments[0])).get()));
+    }
 
     CYJavaSignature bound(count);
     for (auto overload(table->overload_.lower_bound(bound)), e(table->overload_.upper_bound(bound)); overload != e; ++overload) {
-        jobjectArray array(CYCastJavaArguments(jni, overload->shorty, context, arguments, Object$));
-        jobject object(_envcall(jni, CallObjectMethod(overload->method, Constructor$newInstance, array)));
-        return CYCastJSObject(context, CYCastJSValue(context, jni, object));
+        CYJavaFrame frame(jni, count + 16);
+        jvalue array[count];
+        if (!CYCastJavaArguments(frame, overload->shorty_, context, arguments, array))
+            continue;
+        jvalue *values(array);
+        auto object(jni.NewObjectA(_class, overload->method_, values));
+        return CYCastJSObject(context, object);
     }
 
     CYThrow("invalid constructor call");
-} CYCatch(NULL) }
+} CYCatchObject() }
 
-static bool JavaClass_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
-    CYJavaClass *table(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaClass *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+static bool JavaStaticInterior_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaStaticInterior>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaClass *table(internal->table_);
     CYPool pool;
     auto name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
     auto field(table->static_.find(name));
@@ -575,9 +1028,10 @@ static bool JavaClass_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSSt
     return true;
 }
 
-static JSValueRef JavaClass_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    CYJavaClass *table(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaClass *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    JNIEnv *jni(table->value_);
+static JSValueRef JavaStaticInterior_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaStaticInterior>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaClass *table(internal->table_);
+    CYJavaEnv jni(table->value_);
     CYPool pool;
     auto name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
     auto field(table->static_.find(name));
@@ -586,19 +1040,20 @@ static JSValueRef JavaClass_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object
 
     switch (field->second.primitive_) {
         case CYJavaPrimitiveObject:
-            return CYCastJSValue(context, jni, _envcall(jni, GetStaticObjectField(table->value_, field->second.field_)));
-#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, Typ, Type, type) \
+            return CYCastJSValue(context, jni.GetStaticObjectField<jobject>(table->value_, field->second.field_));
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
         case CYJavaPrimitive ## Type: \
-            return CYJavaCastJSValue(context, _envcall(jni, GetStatic ## Typ ## Field(table->value_, field->second.field_)));
+            return CYJavaCastJSValue(context, jni.GetStatic ## Typ ## Field(table->value_, field->second.field_));
 CYJavaForEachPrimitive
 #undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
         default: _assert(false);
     }
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static bool JavaClass_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    CYJavaClass *table(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaClass *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    JNIEnv *jni(table->value_);
+static bool JavaStaticInterior_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaStaticInterior>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaClass *table(internal->table_);
+    CYJavaEnv jni(table->value_);
     CYPool pool;
     auto name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
     auto field(table->static_.find(name));
@@ -607,10 +1062,10 @@ static bool JavaClass_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSSt
 
     switch (field->second.primitive_) {
         case CYJavaPrimitiveObject:
-            _envcallv(jni, SetStaticObjectField(table->value_, field->second.field_, CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, value)));
-#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, Typ, Type, type) \
+            jni.SetStaticObjectField(table->value_, field->second.field_, CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, value));
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
         case CYJavaPrimitive ## Type: \
-            _envcallv(jni, SetStatic ## Typ ## Field(table->value_, field->second.field_, CYCastDouble(context, value))); \
+            jni.SetStatic ## Typ ## Field(table->value_, field->second.field_, CYCastDouble(context, value)); \
             break;
 CYJavaForEachPrimitive
 #undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
@@ -620,19 +1075,20 @@ CYJavaForEachPrimitive
     return true;
 } CYCatch(false) }
 
-static void JavaClass_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
-    CYJavaClass *table(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaClass *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+static void JavaStaticInterior_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaStaticInterior>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaClass *table(internal->table_);
     for (const auto &field : table->static_)
         JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(field.first));
 }
 
 static JSValueRef JavaClass_getProperty_class(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    CYJavaClass *table(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaClass *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    return CYCastJSValue(context, table->value_, table->value_);
+    auto table(CYPrivate<CYJavaClass>::Get(context, object));
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, table->value_);
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool JavaInterior_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
-    CYJavaInterior *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaInterior *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaInterior>::Get(context, object));
     CYJavaClass *table(internal->table_);
     CYPool pool;
     auto name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
@@ -643,8 +1099,8 @@ static bool JavaInterior_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, J
 }
 
 static JSValueRef JavaInterior_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    CYJavaInterior *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaInterior *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    JNIEnv *jni(internal->value_);
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaInterior>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaEnv jni(internal->value_);
     CYJavaClass *table(internal->table_);
     CYPool pool;
     auto name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
@@ -654,10 +1110,10 @@ static JSValueRef JavaInterior_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef obj
 
     switch (field->second.primitive_) {
         case CYJavaPrimitiveObject:
-            return CYCastJSValue(context, jni, _envcall(jni, GetObjectField(internal->value_, field->second.field_)));
-#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, Typ, Type, type) \
+            return CYCastJSValue(context, jni.GetObjectField<jobject>(internal->value_, field->second.field_));
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
         case CYJavaPrimitive ## Type: \
-            return CYJavaCastJSValue(context, _envcall(jni, Get ## Typ ## Field(internal->value_, field->second.field_)));
+            return CYJavaCastJSValue(context, jni.Get ## Typ ## Field(internal->value_, field->second.field_));
 CYJavaForEachPrimitive
 #undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
         default: _assert(false);
@@ -665,8 +1121,8 @@ CYJavaForEachPrimitive
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool JavaInterior_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    CYJavaInterior *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaInterior *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    JNIEnv *jni(internal->value_);
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaInterior>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaEnv jni(internal->value_);
     CYJavaClass *table(internal->table_);
     CYPool pool;
     auto name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
@@ -676,10 +1132,10 @@ static bool JavaInterior_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, J
 
     switch (field->second.primitive_) {
         case CYJavaPrimitiveObject:
-            _envcallv(jni, SetObjectField(table->value_, field->second.field_, CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, value)));
-#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, Typ, Type, type) \
+            jni.SetObjectField(table->value_, field->second.field_, CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, value));
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
         case CYJavaPrimitive ## Type: \
-            _envcallv(jni, Set ## Typ ## Field(table->value_, field->second.field_, CYCastDouble(context, value))); \
+            jni.Set ## Typ ## Field(table->value_, field->second.field_, CYCastDouble(context, value)); \
             break;
 CYJavaForEachPrimitive
 #undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
@@ -690,22 +1146,107 @@ CYJavaForEachPrimitive
 } CYCatch(false) }
 
 static void JavaInterior_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
-    CYJavaInterior *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaInterior *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaInterior>::Get(context, object));
     CYJavaClass *table(internal->table_);
     for (const auto &field : table->instance_)
         JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(field.first));
 }
 
 static JSValueRef JavaObject_getProperty_constructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    CYJavaObject *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaObject *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    JNIEnv *jni(internal->value_);
-    return CYGetJavaClass(context, jni, _envcall(jni, GetObjectClass(internal->value_)));
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaObject>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaEnv jni(internal->value_);
+    return CYGetJavaClass(context, jni.GetObjectClass(internal->value_));
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef JavaClass_getProperty_$cyi(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaClass>::Get(context, object));
+    return CYPrivate<CYJavaStaticInterior>::Make(context, internal->value_, internal);
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef JavaObject_getProperty_$cyi(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    CYJavaObject *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaObject *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    JNIEnv *jni(internal->value_);
-    return CYJavaInterior::Make(context, jni, internal->value_, internal->table_);
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaObject>::Get(context, object));
+    return CYPrivate<CYJavaInterior>::Make(context, internal->value_, internal->table_);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef JavaClass_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaClass>::Get(context, _this));
+    CYJavaEnv jni(internal->value_);
+    auto Class$(jni.FindClass("java/lang/Class"));
+    auto Class$getCanonicalName(jni.GetMethodID(Class$, "getCanonicalName", "()Ljava/lang/String;"));
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(jni.CallObjectMethod<jstring>(internal->value_, Class$getCanonicalName)));
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef JavaMethod_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    std::ostringstream cyon;
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(cyon.str()));
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef JavaStaticMethod_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    std::ostringstream cyon;
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(cyon.str()));
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef JavaArray_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaArray>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaEnv jni(internal->value_);
+    if (JSStringIsEqual(property, length_s))
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, jni.GetArrayLength(internal->value_));
+
+    CYPool pool;
+    ssize_t offset;
+    if (!CYGetOffset(pool, context, property, offset))
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (internal->primitive_ == CYJavaPrimitiveObject)
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, jni.GetObjectArrayElement<jobject>(static_cast<jobjectArray>(internal->value_.value_), offset));
+    else switch (internal->primitive_) {
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
+        case CYJavaPrimitive ## Type: { \
+            j ## type element; \
+            jni.Get ## Typ ## ArrayRegion(static_cast<j ## type ## Array>(internal->value_.value_), offset, 1, &element); \
+            return CYJavaCastJSValue(context, element); \
+        } break;
+CYJavaForEachPrimitive
+#undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
+        default: _assert(false);
+    }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static bool JavaArray_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaArray>::Get(context, object));
+    CYJavaEnv jni(internal->value_);
+
+    CYPool pool;
+    ssize_t offset;
+    if (!CYGetOffset(pool, context, property, offset))
+        return false;
+
+    if (internal->primitive_ == CYJavaPrimitiveObject)
+        jni.SetObjectArrayElement(static_cast<jobjectArray>(internal->value_.value_), offset, CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, value));
+    else switch (internal->primitive_) {
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
+        case CYJavaPrimitive ## Type: { \
+            j ## type element; \
+            jni.Get ## Typ ## ArrayRegion(static_cast<j ## type ## Array>(internal->value_.value_), offset, 1, &element); \
+            return CYJavaCastJSValue(context, element); \
+        } break;
+CYJavaForEachPrimitive
+#undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
+        default: _assert(false);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+} CYCatch(false) }
+
+static JNIEnv *GetJNI(JSContextRef context, JNIEnv *&env);
+
+static JSValueRef JavaPackage_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaPackage>::Get(context, _this));
+    std::ostringstream name;
+    for (auto &package : internal->package_)
+        name << package << '.';
+    name << '*';
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(name.str()));
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool CYJavaPackage_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
@@ -713,7 +1254,7 @@ static bool CYJavaPackage_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
 }
 
 static JSValueRef CYJavaPackage_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    CYJavaPackage *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYJavaPackage *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    auto internal(CYPrivate<CYJavaPackage>::Get(context, object));
     CYJavaPackage::Path package(internal->package_);
 
     CYPool pool;
@@ -724,33 +1265,259 @@ static JSValueRef CYJavaPackage_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef ob
         name << package << '/';
     name << next;
 
-    JNIEnv *jni(GetJNI());
-    if (jclass _class = jni->FindClass(name.str().c_str()))
-        return CYGetJavaClass(context, jni, _class);
+    if (internal->jni_ == NULL)
+        GetJNI(context, internal->jni_);
+    JNIEnv *jni(internal->jni_);
+
+    if (auto _class = jni->FindClass(name.str().c_str()))
+        return CYGetJavaClass(context, CYJavaLocal<jclass>(jni, _class));
     jni->ExceptionClear();
 
     package.push_back(next);
-    return CYJavaPackage::Make(context, package);
+    return CYPrivate<CYJavaPackage>::Make(context, jni, package);
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSStaticValue JavaClass_staticValues[2] = {
+static void Cycript_delete(JNIEnv *env, jclass api, jlong jprotect) { CYJavaTry {
+    delete &protect;
+} CYJavaCatch() }
+
+static jobject Cycript_handle(JNIEnv *env, jclass api, jlong jprotect, jstring property, jobjectArray jarguments) { CYJavaTry {
+    JSValueRef function(CYGetProperty(context, object, CYJSString(CYJavaRef<jstring>(jni, property))));
+    if (JSValueIsUndefined(context, function))
+        return NULL;
+
+    size_t count(jarguments == NULL ? 0 : jni.GetArrayLength(jarguments));
+    JSValueRef arguments[count];
+    for (size_t index(0); index != count; ++index)
+        arguments[index] = CYCastJSValue(context, jni.GetObjectArrayElement<jobject>(jarguments, index));
+
+    return CYCastJavaObject(jni, context, CYCallAsFunction(context, CYCastJSObject(context, function), object, count, arguments)).leak();
+} CYJavaCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JNINativeMethod Cycript_[] = {
+    {(char *) "delete", (char *) "(J)V", (void *) &Cycript_delete},
+    {(char *) "handle", (char *) "(JLjava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;", (void *) &Cycript_handle},
+};
+
+template <typename Type_>
+static _finline void dlset(Type_ &function, const char *name, void *handle) {
+    function = reinterpret_cast<Type_>(dlsym(handle, name));
+}
+
+jint CYJavaVersion(JNI_VERSION_1_4);
+
+static JavaVM *CYGetJavaVM(jint (*$JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs)(JavaVM **, jsize, jsize *)) {
+    jsize capacity(16);
+    JavaVM *jvms[capacity];
+    jsize size;
+    _jnicall($JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs(jvms, capacity, &size));
+    if (size == 0)
+        return NULL;
+    return jvms[0];
+}
+
+static JavaVM *CYGetJavaVM(JSContextRef context) {
+    CYPool pool;
+    void *handle(RTLD_DEFAULT);
+    std::string library;
+
+    jint (*$JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs)(JavaVM **jvms, jsize capacity, jsize *size);
+    dlset($JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs, "JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs", handle);
+
+    if ($JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs != NULL) {
+        if (JavaVM *jvm = CYGetJavaVM($JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs))
+            return jvm;
+    } else {
+        std::vector<const char *> guesses;
+
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+        char android[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
+        if (__system_property_get("persist.sys.dalvik.vm.lib", android) != 0)
+            guesses.push_back(android);
+#endif
+
+        guesses.push_back("/Library/Internet Plug-Ins/JavaAppletPlugin.plugin/Contents/Home/lib/jli/libjli.dylib");
+        //guesses.push_back("/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/JavaVM");
+        guesses.push_back("libjvm.dylib");
+
+        guesses.push_back("libart.so");
+        guesses.push_back("libdvm.so");
+        guesses.push_back("libjvm.so");
+
+        for (const char *guess : guesses) {
+            handle = dlopen(guess, RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_GLOBAL);
+            if (handle != NULL) {
+                library = guess;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (library.size() == 0)
+            return NULL;
+
+        dlset($JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs, "JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs", handle);
+        if (JavaVM *jvm = CYGetJavaVM($JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs))
+            return jvm;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<JavaVMOption> options;
+
+    {
+        std::ostringstream option;
+        option << "-Djava.class.path=";
+        option << CYPoolLibraryPath(pool) << "/libcycript.jar";
+        if (const char *classpath = getenv("CLASSPATH"))
+            option << ':' << classpath;
+        options.push_back(JavaVMOption{pool.strdup(option.str().c_str()), NULL});
+    }
+
+    // To use libnativehelper to access JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs, you need JniInvocation.
+    // ...but there can only be one JniInvocation, and assuradely the other VM has it.
+    // Essentially, this API makes no sense. We need it for AndroidRuntime, though :/.
+
+    if (void *libnativehelper = dlopen("libnativehelper.so", RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_GLOBAL)) {
+        class JniInvocation$;
+        JniInvocation$ *(*JniInvocation$$init$)(JniInvocation$ *self)(NULL);
+        bool (*JniInvocation$Init)(JniInvocation$ *self, const char *library)(NULL);
+        JniInvocation$ *(*JniInvocation$finalize)(JniInvocation$ *self)(NULL);
+
+        dlset(JniInvocation$$init$, "_ZN13JniInvocationC1Ev", libnativehelper);
+        dlset(JniInvocation$Init, "_ZN13JniInvocation4InitEPKc", libnativehelper);
+        dlset(JniInvocation$finalize, "_ZN13JniInvocationD1Ev", libnativehelper);
+
+        if (JniInvocation$$init$ == NULL)
+            dlclose(libnativehelper);
+        else {
+            // XXX: we should attach a pool to the VM itself and deallocate this there
+            //auto invocation(pool.calloc<JniInvocation$>(1, 1024));
+            //_assert(JniInvocation$finalize != NULL);
+            //pool.atexit(reinterpret_cast<void (*)(void *)>(JniInvocation$finalize), invocation);
+
+            auto invocation(static_cast<JniInvocation$ *>(calloc(1, 1024)));
+            JniInvocation$$init$(invocation);
+
+            _assert(JniInvocation$Init != NULL);
+            JniInvocation$Init(invocation, NULL);
+
+            dlset($JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs, "JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs", libnativehelper);
+            if (JavaVM *jvm = CYGetJavaVM($JNI_GetCreatedJavaVMs))
+                return jvm;
+        }
+    }
+
+    JavaVM *jvm;
+    JNIEnv *env;
+
+    if (void *libandroid_runtime = dlopen("libandroid_runtime.so", RTLD_LAZY | RTLD_GLOBAL)) {
+        class AndroidRuntime$;
+        AndroidRuntime$ *(*AndroidRuntime$$init$)(AndroidRuntime$ *self, char *args, unsigned int size)(NULL);
+        int (*AndroidRuntime$startVm)(AndroidRuntime$ *self, JavaVM **jvm, JNIEnv **env)(NULL);
+        int (*AndroidRuntime$startReg)(JNIEnv *env)(NULL);
+        int (*AndroidRuntime$addOption)(AndroidRuntime$ *self, const char *option, void *extra)(NULL);
+        int (*AndroidRuntime$addVmArguments)(AndroidRuntime$ *self, int, const char *const argv[])(NULL);
+        AndroidRuntime$ *(*AndroidRuntime$finalize)(AndroidRuntime$ *self)(NULL);
+
+        dlset(AndroidRuntime$$init$, "_ZN7android14AndroidRuntimeC1EPcj", libandroid_runtime);
+        dlset(AndroidRuntime$startVm, "_ZN7android14AndroidRuntime7startVmEPP7_JavaVMPP7_JNIEnv", libandroid_runtime);
+        dlset(AndroidRuntime$startReg, "_ZN7android14AndroidRuntime8startRegEP7_JNIEnv", libandroid_runtime);
+        dlset(AndroidRuntime$addOption, "_ZN7android14AndroidRuntime9addOptionEPKcPv", libandroid_runtime);
+        dlset(AndroidRuntime$addVmArguments, "_ZN7android14AndroidRuntime14addVmArgumentsEiPKPKc", libandroid_runtime);
+        dlset(AndroidRuntime$finalize, "_ZN7android14AndroidRuntimeD1Ev", libandroid_runtime);
+
+        // XXX: it would also be interesting to attach this to a global pool
+        AndroidRuntime$ *runtime(pool.calloc<AndroidRuntime$>(1, 1024));
+
+        _assert(AndroidRuntime$$init$ != NULL);
+        AndroidRuntime$$init$(runtime, NULL, 0);
+
+        if (AndroidRuntime$addOption == NULL) {
+            _assert(AndroidRuntime$addVmArguments != NULL);
+            std::vector<const char *> arguments;
+            for (const auto &option : options)
+                arguments.push_back(option.optionString);
+            AndroidRuntime$addVmArguments(runtime, arguments.size(), arguments.data());
+        } else for (const auto &option : options)
+            AndroidRuntime$addOption(runtime, option.optionString, option.extraInfo);
+
+        int failure;
+
+        _assert(AndroidRuntime$startVm != NULL);
+        failure = AndroidRuntime$startVm(runtime, &jvm, &env);
+        _assert(failure == 0);
+
+        _assert(AndroidRuntime$startReg != NULL);
+        failure = AndroidRuntime$startReg(env);
+        _assert(failure == 0);
+
+        return jvm;
+    }
+
+    jint (*$JNI_CreateJavaVM)(JavaVM **jvm, void **, void *);
+    dlset($JNI_CreateJavaVM, "JNI_CreateJavaVM", handle);
+
+    JavaVMInitArgs args;
+    memset(&args, 0, sizeof(args));
+    args.version = CYJavaVersion;
+    args.nOptions = options.size();
+    args.options = options.data();
+    _jnicall($JNI_CreateJavaVM(&jvm, reinterpret_cast<void **>(&env), &args));
+    return jvm;
+}
+
+static JNIEnv *GetJNI(JSContextRef context, JNIEnv *&env) {
+    auto jvm(CYGetJavaVM(context));
+    _assert(jvm != NULL);
+    _jnicall(jvm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void **>(&env), CYJavaVersion));
+    CYJavaEnv jni(env);
+
+    // XXX: this happens once per stub :/
+
+    auto Cycript$(jni.FindClass("Cycript"));
+    jni.RegisterNatives(Cycript$, Cycript_, sizeof(Cycript_) / sizeof(Cycript_[0]));
+
+    JSObjectRef java(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Java")));
+    JSValueRef arguments[1];
+    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString("setup"));
+    CYCallAsFunction(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, java, CYJSString("emit"))), java, 1, arguments);
+
+    return env;
+}
+
+static JSStaticValue JavaClass_staticValues[3] = {
     {"class", &JavaClass_getProperty_class, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"$cyi", &JavaClass_getProperty_$cyi, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
+static JSStaticFunction JavaClass_staticFunctions[2] = {
+    {"toCYON", &JavaClass_callAsFunction_toCYON, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
+
 static JSStaticValue JavaObject_staticValues[3] = {
     {"constructor", &JavaObject_getProperty_constructor, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"$cyi", &JavaObject_getProperty_$cyi, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
-static JSStaticFunction JavaPackage_staticFunctions[1] = {
+static JSStaticFunction JavaMethod_staticFunctions[2] = {
+    {"toCYON", &JavaMethod_callAsFunction_toCYON, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
+
+static JSStaticFunction JavaStaticMethod_staticFunctions[2] = {
+    {"toCYON", &JavaStaticMethod_callAsFunction_toCYON, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
+
+static JSStaticFunction JavaPackage_staticFunctions[2] = {
+    {"toCYON", &JavaPackage_callAsFunction_toCYON, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
 void CYJava_Initialize() {
     Primitives_.insert(std::make_pair("void", CYJavaPrimitiveVoid));
-#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, Typ, Type, type) \
+#define CYJavaForEachPrimitive_(T, t, Typ, Type, type) \
     Primitives_.insert(std::make_pair(#type, CYJavaPrimitive ## Type));
 CYJavaForEachPrimitive
 #undef CYJavaForEachPrimitive_
@@ -760,13 +1527,10 @@ CYJavaForEachPrimitive
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "JavaClass";
     definition.staticValues = JavaClass_staticValues;
-    definition.hasProperty = &JavaClass_hasProperty;
-    definition.getProperty = &JavaClass_getProperty;
-    definition.setProperty = &JavaClass_setProperty;
-    definition.getPropertyNames = &JavaClass_getPropertyNames;
+    definition.staticFunctions = JavaClass_staticFunctions;
     definition.callAsConstructor = &JavaClass_callAsConstructor;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
-    CYJavaClass::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+    CYPrivate<CYJavaClass>::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.attributes = kJSClassAttributeNoAutomaticPrototype;
@@ -776,20 +1540,35 @@ CYJavaForEachPrimitive
     definition.setProperty = &JavaInterior_setProperty;
     definition.getPropertyNames = &JavaInterior_getPropertyNames;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
-    CYJavaInterior::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+    CYPrivate<CYJavaInterior>::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "JavaMethod";
+    definition.staticFunctions = JavaMethod_staticFunctions;
     definition.callAsFunction = &JavaMethod_callAsFunction;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
-    CYJavaMethod::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+    CYPrivate<CYJavaMethod>::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+    definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
+    definition.className = "JavaStaticMethod";
+    definition.staticFunctions = JavaStaticMethod_staticFunctions;
+    definition.callAsFunction = &JavaStaticMethod_callAsFunction;
+    definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
+    CYPrivate<CYJavaStaticMethod>::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.attributes = kJSClassAttributeNoAutomaticPrototype;
     definition.className = "JavaObject";
     definition.staticValues = JavaObject_staticValues;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
-    CYJavaObject::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+    CYPrivate<CYJavaObject>::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+    definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
+    definition.className = "JavaArray";
+    definition.getProperty = &JavaArray_getProperty;
+    definition.setProperty = &JavaArray_setProperty;
+    definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
+    CYPrivate<CYJavaArray>::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "JavaPackage";
@@ -797,25 +1576,36 @@ CYJavaForEachPrimitive
     definition.hasProperty = &CYJavaPackage_hasProperty;
     definition.getProperty = &CYJavaPackage_getProperty;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
-    CYJavaPackage::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+    CYPrivate<CYJavaPackage>::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+    definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
+    definition.attributes = kJSClassAttributeNoAutomaticPrototype;
+    definition.className = "JavaStaticInterior";
+    definition.hasProperty = &JavaStaticInterior_hasProperty;
+    definition.getProperty = &JavaStaticInterior_getProperty;
+    definition.setProperty = &JavaStaticInterior_setProperty;
+    definition.getPropertyNames = &JavaStaticInterior_getPropertyNames;
+    definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
+    CYPrivate<CYJavaStaticInterior>::Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 }
 
 void CYJava_SetupContext(JSContextRef context) {
     JSObjectRef global(CYGetGlobalObject(context));
-    //JSObjectRef cy(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, cy_s)));
+    JSObjectRef cy(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, cy_s)));
     JSObjectRef cycript(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Cycript"))));
     JSObjectRef all(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("all"))));
     //JSObjectRef alls(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("alls"))));
 
     JSObjectRef Java(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Java"), Java);
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Java"), Java);
 
-    JSObjectRef Packages(CYJavaPackage::Make(context, CYJavaPackage::Path()));
-    CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("Packages"), Packages);
+    JSObjectRef Packages(CYPrivate<CYJavaPackage>::Make(context, nullptr, CYJavaPackage::Path()));
+    CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("Packages"), Packages, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 
     for (auto name : (const char *[]) {"java", "javax", "android", "com", "net", "org"}) {
         CYJSString js(name);
-        CYSetProperty(context, all, js, CYGetProperty(context, Packages, js));
+        CYSetProperty(context, all, js, CYPrivate<CYJavaPackage>::Make(context, nullptr, CYJavaPackage::Path(1, name)), kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
     }
 }