X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/3f9ae37cb15f239389eeba110b3a7da0280a8381..9a39f7051ad983d4377917e66222727dcbe6c099:/ObjectiveC/Library.mm

diff --git a/ObjectiveC/Library.mm b/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
index 77511f8..bb62fc4 100644
--- a/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
+++ b/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
@@ -1,28 +1,24 @@
 /* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
- * Copyright (C) 2009-2012  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2013  Jay Freeman (saurik)
 */
 
-/* GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
+/* GNU General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
 /*
- * Cycript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
- * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the
- * Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
- * option) any later version.
+ * Cycript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
  *
- * Cycript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License for more details.
+ * Cycript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
  *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  * along with Cycript.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 **/
 /* }}} */
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-#include "Struct.hpp"
-#endif
-
 #include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 
 #include "ObjectiveC/Internal.hpp"
@@ -36,10 +32,14 @@
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 #include <JavaScriptCore/JSStringRefCF.h>
-#include <WebKit/WebScriptObject.h>
 #include <objc/runtime.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <malloc/malloc.h>
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#endif
+
 #include "Error.hpp"
 #include "JavaScript.hpp"
 #include "String.hpp"
@@ -47,17 +47,18 @@
 
 #include <cmath>
 #include <map>
+#include <set>
 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 
-#define CYObjectiveTry_(context) { \
-    JSContextRef context_(context); \
+#define CYObjectiveTry_ { \
     try
 #define CYObjectiveTry { \
+    JSContextRef context(context_); \
     try
 #define CYObjectiveCatch \
     catch (const CYException &error) { \
-        @throw CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, error.CastJSValue(context_)); \
+        @throw CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, error.CastJSValue(context)); \
     } \
 }
 
@@ -163,42 +164,37 @@ enum {
     BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE = 1 << 30,
 };
 
-JSValueRef CYSendMessage(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class super, SEL _cmd, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize, JSValueRef *exception);
+JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class super, SEL _cmd, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize);
 
 /* Objective-C Pool Release {{{ */
-apr_status_t CYPoolRelease_(void *data) {
+void CYPoolRelease_(void *data) {
     id object(reinterpret_cast<id>(data));
     [object release];
-    return APR_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-id CYPoolRelease_(apr_pool_t *pool, id object) {
+id CYPoolRelease_(CYPool *pool, id object) {
     if (object == nil)
         return nil;
     else if (pool == NULL)
         return [object autorelease];
     else {
-        apr_pool_cleanup_register(pool, object, &CYPoolRelease_, &apr_pool_cleanup_null);
+        pool->atexit(CYPoolRelease_);
         return object;
     }
 }
 
 template <typename Type_>
-Type_ CYPoolRelease(apr_pool_t *pool, Type_ object) {
+Type_ CYPoolRelease(CYPool *pool, Type_ object) {
     return (Type_) CYPoolRelease_(pool, (id) object);
 }
 /* }}} */
 /* Objective-C Strings {{{ */
-const char *CYPoolCString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value) {
-    if (pool == NULL)
-        return [value UTF8String];
-    else {
-        size_t size([value maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] + 1);
-        char *string(new(pool) char[size]);
-        if (![value getCString:string maxLength:size encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding])
-            throw CYJSError(context, "[NSString getCString:maxLength:encoding:] == NO");
-        return string;
-    }
+const char *CYPoolCString(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value) {
+    size_t size([value maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] + 1);
+    char *string(new(pool) char[size]);
+    if (![value getCString:string maxLength:size encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding])
+        throw CYJSError(context, "[NSString getCString:maxLength:encoding:] == NO");
+    return string;
 }
 
 JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSContextRef context, NSString *value) {
@@ -239,16 +235,16 @@ NSString *CYCopyNSString(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return CYCopyNSString(context, CYJSString(context, value));
 }
 
-NSString *CYCastNSString(apr_pool_t *pool, const CYUTF8String &value) {
+NSString *CYCastNSString(CYPool *pool, const CYUTF8String &value) {
     return CYPoolRelease(pool, CYCopyNSString(value));
 }
 
-NSString *CYCastNSString(apr_pool_t *pool, SEL sel) {
+NSString *CYCastNSString(CYPool *pool, SEL sel) {
     const char *name(sel_getName(sel));
     return CYPoolRelease(pool, CYCopyNSString(CYUTF8String(name, strlen(name))));
 }
 
-NSString *CYCastNSString(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value) {
+NSString *CYCastNSString(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, JSStringRef value) {
     return CYPoolRelease(pool, CYCopyNSString(context, value));
 }
 
@@ -270,7 +266,7 @@ size_t CYGetIndex(NSString *value) {
     return CYGetIndex(CYCastUTF8String(value));
 }
 
-bool CYGetOffset(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value, ssize_t &index) {
+bool CYGetOffset(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value, ssize_t &index) {
     return CYGetOffset(CYPoolCString(pool, context, value), index);
 }
 
@@ -301,8 +297,9 @@ static JSClassRef ObjectiveC_Images_;
 static Class NSCFBoolean_;
 static Class NSCFType_;
 static Class NSGenericDeallocHandler_;
-static Class NSMessageBuilder_;
 static Class NSZombie_;
+
+static std::set<Class> banned_;
 #else
 static Class NSBoolNumber_;
 #endif
@@ -474,7 +471,7 @@ NSString *CYCastNSCYON(id value, bool objective) {
             else if (_class == NSZombie_)
                 string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<_NSZombie_: %p>", value];
             // XXX: frowny /in/ the pants
-            else if (value == NSGenericDeallocHandler_ || value == NSMessageBuilder_ || value == Object_)
+            else if (banned_.find(value) != banned_.end())
                 string = nil;
 #endif
             else
@@ -523,7 +520,9 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
         name = property_getName(property);
         const char *attributes(property_getAttributes(property));
 
-        for (char *state, *token(apr_strtok(apr_pstrdup(pool_, attributes), ",", &state)); token != NULL; token = apr_strtok(NULL, ",", &state)) {
+        for (char *token(pool_.strdup(attributes)), *next; token != NULL; token = next) {
+            if ((next = strchr(token, ',')) != NULL)
+                *next++ = '\0';
             switch (*token) {
                 case 'R': readonly = true; break;
                 case 'C': copy = true; break;
@@ -548,7 +547,7 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
 
     const char *Getter() {
         if (getter_ == NULL)
-            getter_ = apr_pstrdup(pool_, name);
+            getter_ = pool_.strdup(name);
         return getter_;
     }
 
@@ -577,7 +576,6 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
 };
 #endif
 
-#ifndef __APPLE__
 @interface CYWebUndefined : NSObject {
 }
 
@@ -595,7 +593,6 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
 @end
 
 #define WebUndefined CYWebUndefined
-#endif
 
 /* Bridge: CYJSObject {{{ */
 @interface CYJSObject : NSMutableDictionary {
@@ -638,11 +635,7 @@ _finline bool CYJSValueIsNSObject(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 }
 
 _finline bool CYJSValueIsInstanceOfCachedConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, JSStringRef cache) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectRef constructor(CYGetCachedObject(context, cache));
-    bool is(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor(context, value, constructor, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return is;
+    return _jsccall(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor, context, value, CYGetCachedObject(context, cache));
 }
 
 NSObject *CYMakeBlock(void (*invoke)(), sig::Signature &signature) {
@@ -673,7 +666,7 @@ NSObject *CYMakeBlock(void (*invoke)(), sig::Signature &signature) {
     return reinterpret_cast<NSObject *>(literal);
 }
 
-NSObject *CYCastNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
+NSObject *CYCastNSObject(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
     if (CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, object)) {
         Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
         return internal->GetValue();
@@ -699,7 +692,7 @@ NSNumber *CYCopyNSNumber(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 @end
 #endif
 
-id CYNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, bool cast) {
+id CYNSObject(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, bool cast) {
     id object;
     bool copy;
 
@@ -752,12 +745,12 @@ id CYNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, bool cas
         return [object retain];
 }
 
-NSObject *CYCastNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+NSObject *CYCastNSObject(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return CYNSObject(pool, context, value, true);
 }
 
-NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    return CYNSObject(pool, context, value, false);
+NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    return CYNSObject(&pool, context, value, false);
 }
 
 /* Bridge: NSArray {{{ */
@@ -814,7 +807,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
 }
 
 - (JSValueRef) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
-    CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+    CYObjectiveTry_ {
         if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"])
             return CYCastJSValue(context, [self count]);
     } CYObjectiveCatch
@@ -861,7 +854,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return CYCastJSValue(context, (bool) [self boolValue]);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1018,7 +1011,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return [self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? CYCastJSValue(context, [self doubleValue]) : CYCastJSValue(context, static_cast<bool>([self boolValue]));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1036,7 +1029,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return CYJSNull(context);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1053,7 +1046,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     return [self cy$valueOfInContext:context];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return NULL;
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1073,7 +1066,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     return nil;
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     if (NSObject *value = [self cy$getProperty:name])
         return CYCastJSValue(context, value);
     return NULL;
@@ -1152,7 +1145,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     }
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, self));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1171,7 +1164,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     //return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return CYJSUndefined(context);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1186,8 +1179,8 @@ static bool CYIsClass(id self) {
 #endif
 }
 
-Class CYCastClass(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    id self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, value));
+Class CYCastClass(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    id self(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, value));
     if (CYIsClass(self))
         return (Class) self;
     throw CYJSError(context, "got something that is not a Class");
@@ -1199,7 +1192,7 @@ NSArray *CYCastNSArray(JSContextRef context, JSPropertyNameArrayRef names) {
     size_t size(JSPropertyNameArrayGetCount(names));
     NSMutableArray *array([NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:size]);
     for (size_t index(0); index != size; ++index)
-        [array addObject:CYCastNSString(pool, context, JSPropertyNameArrayGetNameAtIndex(names, index))];
+        [array addObject:CYCastNSString(&pool, context, JSPropertyNameArrayGetNameAtIndex(names, index))];
     return array;
 }
 
@@ -1212,7 +1205,7 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 
 @implementation CYJSObject
 
-- (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry {
+- (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
         object_ = object;
         context_ = CYGetJSContext(context);
@@ -1229,9 +1222,7 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 
 - (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective { CYObjectiveTry {
     CYPool pool;
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    const char *cyon(CYPoolCCYON(pool, context_, object_));
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    const char *cyon(CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, object_));
     if (cyon == NULL)
         return [super cy$toCYON:objective];
     else
@@ -1239,46 +1230,44 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (NSUInteger) count { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSPropertyNameArrayRef names(JSObjectCopyPropertyNames(context_, object_));
+    JSPropertyNameArrayRef names(JSObjectCopyPropertyNames(context, object_));
     size_t size(JSPropertyNameArrayGetCount(names));
     JSPropertyNameArrayRelease(names);
     return size;
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (id) objectForKey:(id)key { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSValueRef value(CYGetProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(context_, (NSObject *) key)));
-    if (JSValueIsUndefined(context_, value))
+    JSValueRef value(CYGetProperty(context, object_, CYJSString(context, (NSObject *) key)));
+    if (JSValueIsUndefined(context, value))
         return nil;
-    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, value) ?: [NSNull null];
+    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, value) ?: [NSNull null];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (NSEnumerator *) keyEnumerator { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSPropertyNameArrayRef names(JSObjectCopyPropertyNames(context_, object_));
-    NSEnumerator *enumerator([CYCastNSArray(context_, names) objectEnumerator]);
+    JSPropertyNameArrayRef names(JSObjectCopyPropertyNames(context, object_));
+    NSEnumerator *enumerator([CYCastNSArray(context, names) objectEnumerator]);
     JSPropertyNameArrayRelease(names);
     return enumerator;
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) setObject:(id)object forKey:(id)key { CYObjectiveTry {
-    CYSetProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(context_, (NSObject *) key), CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSString *) object));
+    CYSetProperty(context, object_, CYJSString(context, (NSObject *) key), CYCastJSValue(context, (NSString *) object));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) removeObjectForKey:(id)key { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    (void) JSObjectDeleteProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(context_, (NSObject *) key), &exception);
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    (void) _jsccall(JSObjectDeleteProperty, context, object_, CYJSString(context, (NSObject *) key));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 @end
 
 @implementation CYJSArray
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective { CYObjectiveTry {
     CYPool pool;
-    return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:CYPoolCCYON(pool, context_, object_)];
-}
+    return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, object_)];
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
 
-- (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry {
+- (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
         object_ = object;
         context_ = CYGetJSContext(context);
@@ -1294,62 +1283,54 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (NSUInteger) count { CYObjectiveTry {
-    return CYArrayLength(context_, object_);
+    return CYArrayLength(context, object_);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (id) objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count]);
     if (index >= bounds)
-        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray objectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex(context_, object_, index, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
-    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, value) ?: [NSNull null];
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray objectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
+    JSValueRef value(_jsccall(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex, context, object_, index));
+    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, value) ?: [NSNull null];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) addObject:(id)object { CYObjectiveTry {
-    CYArrayPush(context_, object_, CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSObject *) object));
+    CYArrayPush(context, object_, CYCastJSValue(context, (NSObject *) object));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) insertObject:(id)object atIndex:(NSUInteger)index { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count] + 1);
     if (index >= bounds)
-        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray insertObject:atIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray insertObject:atIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
     JSValueRef arguments[3];
-    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context_, index);
-    arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context_, 0);
-    arguments[2] = CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSObject *) object);
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
-    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, CYCastJSObject(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, Array, splice_s)), object_, 3, arguments, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context, index);
+    arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context, 0);
+    arguments[2] = CYCastJSValue(context, (NSObject *) object);
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
+    _jsccall(JSObjectCallAsFunction, context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array, splice_s)), object_, 3, arguments);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) removeLastObject { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
-    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, CYCastJSObject(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, Array, pop_s)), object_, 0, NULL, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
+    _jsccall(JSObjectCallAsFunction, context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array, pop_s)), object_, 0, NULL);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count]);
     if (index >= bounds)
-        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray removeObjectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray removeObjectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
     JSValueRef arguments[2];
-    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context_, index);
-    arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context_, 1);
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
-    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, CYCastJSObject(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, Array, splice_s)), object_, 2, arguments, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context, index);
+    arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context, 1);
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
+    _jsccall(JSObjectCallAsFunction, context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array, splice_s)), object_, 2, arguments);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)object { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count]);
     if (index >= bounds)
-        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray replaceObjectAtIndex:withObject:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
-    CYSetProperty(context_, object_, index, CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSObject *) object));
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray replaceObjectAtIndex:withObject:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
+    CYSetProperty(context, object_, index, CYCastJSValue(context, (NSObject *) object));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 @end
@@ -1364,18 +1345,18 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 
 @implementation CYInternal
 
-- (void) dealloc {
+- (void) dealloc { CYObjectiveTry {
     JSValueUnprotect(context_, object_);
     JSGlobalContextRelease(context_);
     [super dealloc];
-}
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
 
-- (id) initInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+- (id) initInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
         context_ = CYGetJSContext(context);
         JSGlobalContextRetain(context_);
     } return self;
-}
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (bool) hasProperty:(JSStringRef)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
     if (object_ == NULL)
@@ -1470,12 +1451,13 @@ static void CYObjectiveC_CallFunction(JSContextRef context, ffi_cif *cif, void (
     ffi_call(cif, function, value, values);
 } CYSadCatch() }
 
-static bool CYObjectiveC_PoolFFI(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) { CYSadTry {
+static bool CYObjectiveC_PoolFFI(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) { CYSadTry {
     switch (type->primitive) {
         // XXX: do something epic about blocks
         case sig::block_P:
         case sig::object_P:
         case sig::typename_P:
+            // XXX: this works for return values, but not for properties and fields
             *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data) = CYCastNSObject(pool, context, value);
         break;
 
@@ -1535,7 +1517,7 @@ static bool CYImplements(id object, Class _class, SEL selector, bool devoid = fa
     return false;
 }
 
-static const char *CYPoolTypeEncoding(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, SEL sel, objc_method *method) {
+static const char *CYPoolTypeEncoding(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, SEL sel, objc_method *method) {
     if (method != NULL)
         return method_getTypeEncoding(method);
 
@@ -1588,7 +1570,7 @@ static bool Messages_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     return false;
 }
 
-static JSValueRef Messages_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Messages_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     Class _class(internal->GetValue());
 
@@ -1600,9 +1582,9 @@ static JSValueRef Messages_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
             return CYMakeMessage(context, sel, method_getImplementation(method), method_getTypeEncoding(method));
 
     return NULL;
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static bool Messages_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static bool Messages_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     Class _class(internal->GetValue());
 
@@ -1639,10 +1621,10 @@ static bool Messages_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     }
 
     return true;
-}
+} CYCatch(false) }
 
 #if 0 && OBJC_API_VERSION < 2
-static bool Messages_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static bool Messages_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     Class _class(internal->GetValue());
 
@@ -1657,7 +1639,7 @@ static bool Messages_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JS
         }
 
     return false;
-}
+} CYCatch(false) }
 #endif
 
 static void Messages_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
@@ -1692,7 +1674,7 @@ static bool Instance_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
         return true;
 
     CYPool pool;
-    NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, context, property));
+    NSString *name(CYCastNSString(&pool, context, property));
 
     if (CYInternal *internal = [CYInternal get:self])
         if ([internal hasProperty:property inContext:context])
@@ -1730,7 +1712,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
         return Internal::Make(context, self, object);
 
     CYPool pool;
-    NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, context, property));
+    NSString *name(CYCastNSString(&pool, context, property));
 
     if (CYInternal *internal = [CYInternal get:self])
         if (JSValueRef value = [internal getProperty:property inContext:context])
@@ -1748,17 +1730,17 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     if (objc_property_t property = class_getProperty(_class, string)) {
         PropertyAttributes attributes(property);
         SEL sel(sel_registerName(attributes.Getter()));
-        return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 0, NULL, false, exception);
+        return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 0, NULL, false);
     }
 #endif
 
     if (CYHasImplicitProperties(_class))
         if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(string))
             if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel, true))
-                return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 0, NULL, false, exception);
+                return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 0, NULL, false);
 
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -1766,13 +1748,13 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
 
     CYPool pool;
 
-    NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, context, property));
-    NSObject *data(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, value));
+    NSString *name(CYCastNSString(&pool, context, property));
+    NSObject *data(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, value));
 
     CYPoolTry {
         if ([self cy$setProperty:name to:data])
             return true;
-    } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
+    } CYPoolCatch(false)
 
     const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, context, name));
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
@@ -1783,7 +1765,7 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
         if (const char *setter = attributes.Setter()) {
             SEL sel(sel_registerName(setter));
             JSValueRef arguments[1] = {value};
-            CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 1, arguments, false, exception);
+            CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 1, arguments, false);
             return true;
         }
     }
@@ -1808,7 +1790,7 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(set))
         if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel)) {
             JSValueRef arguments[1] = {value};
-            CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 1, arguments, false, exception);
+            CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 1, arguments, false);
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -1818,7 +1800,7 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     }
 
     return false;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(false) }
 
 static bool Instance_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -1827,8 +1809,8 @@ static bool Instance_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JS
     CYPoolTry {
         NSString *name(CYCastNSString(NULL, context, property));
         return [self cy$deleteProperty:name];
-    } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+    } CYPoolCatch(false)
+} CYCatch(false) return /*XXX*/ false; }
 
 static void Instance_getPropertyNames_message(JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names, objc_method *method) {
     const char *name(sel_getName(method_getName(method)));
@@ -1885,7 +1867,7 @@ static JSObjectRef Instance_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     JSObjectRef value(Instance::Make(context, [internal->GetValue() alloc], Instance::Uninitialized));
     return value;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -1921,7 +1903,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef obje
             sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
 
             void (*function)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(literal->invoke);
-            return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 1, setup, count, arguments, false, exception, &signature, &cif, function);
+            return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 1, setup, count, arguments, false, &signature, &cif, function);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1933,7 +1915,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef obje
     } CYPoolCatch(NULL);
 
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool Instance_hasInstance(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef constructor, JSValueRef instance, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) constructor)));
@@ -1948,17 +1930,17 @@ static bool Instance_hasInstance(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef constructor,
     }
 
     return false;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(false) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_box_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count == 0)
         throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Instance");
     CYPool pool;
-    id value(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]));
+    id value(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, arguments[0]));
     if (value == nil)
         value = [NSNull null];
     return CYCastJSValue(context, [value cy$box]);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool Internal_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -1973,6 +1955,23 @@ static bool Internal_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     return false;
 }
 
+static void CYBitField(unsigned &length, unsigned &shift, id self, Ivar ivar, const char *encoding, unsigned offset) {
+    length = CYCastDouble(encoding + 1);
+    shift = 0;
+
+    unsigned int size;
+    objc_ivar **ivars(class_copyIvarList(object_getClass(self), &size));
+    for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
+        if (ivars[i] == ivar)
+            break;
+        else if (ivar_getOffset(ivars[i]) == offset) {
+            const char *encoding(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivars[i]));
+            _assert(encoding[0] == 'b');
+            shift += CYCastDouble(encoding + 1);
+        }
+    free(ivars);
+}
+
 static JSValueRef Internal_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     CYPool pool;
@@ -1980,14 +1979,31 @@ static JSValueRef Internal_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     id self(internal->GetValue());
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
 
+#ifdef __arm64__
+    if (strcmp(name, "isa") == 0)
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, object_getClass(self));
+#endif
+
     if (objc_ivar *ivar = object_getInstanceVariable(self, name, NULL)) {
-        Type_privateData type(pool, ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
-        // XXX: if this fails and throws an exception the person we are throwing it to gets the wrong exception
-        return CYFromFFI(context, type.type_, type.GetFFI(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + ivar_getOffset(ivar));
+        ptrdiff_t offset(ivar_getOffset(ivar));
+        void *data(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + offset);
+
+        const char *encoding(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
+        if (encoding[0] == 'b') {
+            unsigned length, shift;
+            CYBitField(length, shift, self, ivar, encoding, offset);
+            _assert(shift + length <= sizeof(uintptr_t) * 8);
+            uintptr_t &field(*reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t *>(data));
+            uintptr_t mask((1 << length) - 1);
+            return CYCastJSValue(context, (field >> shift) & mask);
+        } else {
+            Type_privateData type(pool, ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
+            return CYFromFFI(context, type.type_, type.GetFFI(), data);
+        }
     }
 
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool Internal_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -1997,13 +2013,26 @@ static bool Internal_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
 
     if (objc_ivar *ivar = object_getInstanceVariable(self, name, NULL)) {
-        Type_privateData type(pool, ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
-        CYPoolFFI(pool, context, type.type_, type.GetFFI(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + ivar_getOffset(ivar), value);
-        return true;
+        ptrdiff_t offset(ivar_getOffset(ivar));
+        void *data(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + offset);
+
+        const char *encoding(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
+        if (encoding[0] == 'b') {
+            unsigned length, shift;
+            CYBitField(length, shift, self, ivar, encoding, offset);
+            _assert(shift + length <= sizeof(uintptr_t) * 8);
+            uintptr_t &field(*reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t *>(data));
+            uintptr_t mask((1 << length) - 1);
+            field = field & ~(mask << shift) | (uintptr_t(CYCastDouble(context, value)) & mask) << shift;
+        } else {
+            Type_privateData type(pool, ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
+            CYPoolFFI(&pool, context, type.type_, type.GetFFI(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + ivar_getOffset(ivar), value);
+            return true;
+        }
     }
 
     return false;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(false) }
 
 static void Internal_getPropertyNames_(Class _class, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     if (Class super = class_getSuperclass(_class))
@@ -2032,39 +2061,51 @@ static void Internal_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     Internal_getPropertyNames_(_class, names);
 }
 
-static JSValueRef Internal_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Internal_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     return internal->GetOwner();
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
-    NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, context, property));
+    NSString *name(CYCastNSString(&pool, context, property));
     if (Class _class = NSClassFromString(name))
         return CYMakeInstance(context, _class, true);
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static void ObjectiveC_Classes_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-    size_t size(objc_getClassList(NULL, 0));
+static Class *CYCopyClassList(size_t &size) {
+    size = objc_getClassList(NULL, 0);
     Class *data(reinterpret_cast<Class *>(malloc(sizeof(Class) * size)));
 
-  get:
-    size_t writ(objc_getClassList(data, size));
-    if (size < writ) {
+    for (;;) {
+        size_t writ(objc_getClassList(data, size));
+        if (writ <= size) {
+            size = writ;
+            return data;
+        }
+
+        Class *copy(reinterpret_cast<Class *>(realloc(data, sizeof(Class) * writ)));
+        if (copy == NULL) {
+            free(data);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        data = copy;
         size = writ;
-        if (Class *copy = reinterpret_cast<Class *>(realloc(data, sizeof(Class) * writ))) {
-            data = copy;
-            goto get;
-        } else goto done;
     }
+}
+#endif
 
-    for (size_t i(0); i != writ; ++i)
-        JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(class_getName(data[i])));
-
-  done:
-    free(data);
+static void ObjectiveC_Classes_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    size_t size;
+    if (Class *data = CYCopyClassList(size)) {
+        for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
+            JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(class_getName(data[i])));
+        free(data);
+    }
 #else
     void *state(NULL);
     while (Class _class = objc_next_class(&state))
@@ -2093,7 +2134,7 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSO
   free:
     free(data);
     return value;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     const char *internal(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -2122,7 +2163,7 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Images_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRe
     JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
     CYSetProperty(context, value, CYJSString("classes"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_, const_cast<char *>(name)));
     return value;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Images_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     unsigned int size;
@@ -2139,7 +2180,7 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Protocols_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjec
     if (Protocol *protocol = objc_getProtocol(name))
         return CYMakeInstance(context, protocol, true);
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Protocols_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
 #if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
@@ -2159,13 +2200,118 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Constants_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjec
     if (name == "nil")
         return Instance::Make(context, nil);
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Constants_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString("nil"));
 }
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
+static kern_return_t CYReadMemory(task_t task, vm_address_t address, vm_size_t size, void **data) {
+    *data = reinterpret_cast<void *>(address);
+    return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct CYChoice {
+    std::set<Class> query_;
+    JSContextRef context_;
+    JSObjectRef results_;
+};
+
+struct CYObjectStruct {
+    Class isa_;
+};
+
+static void choose_(task_t task, void *baton, unsigned type, vm_range_t *ranges, unsigned count) {
+    CYChoice *choice(reinterpret_cast<CYChoice *>(baton));
+    JSContextRef context(choice->context_);
+
+    for (unsigned i(0); i != count; ++i) {
+        vm_range_t &range(ranges[i]);
+        void *data(reinterpret_cast<void *>(range.address));
+        size_t size(range.size);
+
+        if (size < sizeof(CYObjectStruct))
+            continue;
+
+        uintptr_t *pointers(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t *>(data));
+#ifdef __arm64__
+        Class isa(reinterpret_cast<Class>(pointers[0] & 0x1fffffff8));
+#else
+        Class isa(reinterpret_cast<Class>(pointers[0]));
+#endif
+
+        std::set<Class>::const_iterator result(choice->query_.find(isa));
+        if (result == choice->query_.end())
+            continue;
+
+        // XXX: if (size < class_getInstanceSize(*result))
+        if ((class_getInstanceSize(*result) + 15) / 16 * 16 != size)
+            continue;
+        CYArrayPush(context, choice->results_, CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<id>(data)));
+    }
+}
+
+static JSValueRef choose(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    if (count != 1)
+        throw CYJSError(context, "choose() takes a class argument");
+
+    CYPool pool;
+    Class _class(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, arguments[0]));
+
+    vm_address_t *zones(NULL);
+    unsigned size(0);
+    kern_return_t error(malloc_get_all_zones(0, &CYReadMemory, &zones, &size));
+    _assert(error == KERN_SUCCESS);
+
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array")));
+    JSObjectRef results(_jsccall(JSObjectCallAsConstructor, context, Array, 0, NULL));
+
+    CYChoice choice;
+    choice.context_ = context;
+    choice.results_ = results;
+
+    size_t number;
+    Class *classes(CYCopyClassList(number));
+    _assert(classes != NULL);
+
+    for (size_t i(0); i != number; ++i)
+        for (Class current(classes[i]); current != Nil; current = class_getSuperclass(current))
+            if (current == _class) {
+                choice.query_.insert(classes[i]);
+                break;
+            }
+
+    free(classes);
+
+    for (unsigned i(0); i != size; ++i) {
+        const malloc_zone_t *zone(reinterpret_cast<const malloc_zone_t *>(zones[i]));
+        if (zone == NULL || zone->introspect == NULL)
+            continue;
+
+        zone->introspect->enumerator(mach_task_self(), &choice, MALLOC_PTR_IN_USE_RANGE_TYPE, zones[i], &CYReadMemory, &choose_);
+    }
+
+    return results;
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+#define OBJC_MAX_STRUCT_BY_VALUE 8
+static int struct_forward_array[] = {
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 };
+#elif defined(__arm__)
+#define OBJC_MAX_STRUCT_BY_VALUE 1
+static int struct_forward_array[] = {
+    0, 0 };
+#elif defined(__arm64__)
+#define CY_NO_STRET
+#else
+#error missing objc-runtime-info
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CY_NO_STRET
 static bool stret(ffi_type *ffi_type) {
     return ffi_type->type == FFI_TYPE_STRUCT && (
         ffi_type->size > OBJC_MAX_STRUCT_BY_VALUE ||
@@ -2173,8 +2319,9 @@ static bool stret(ffi_type *ffi_type) {
     );
 }
 #endif
+#endif
 
-JSValueRef CYSendMessage(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class _class, SEL _cmd, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class _class, SEL _cmd, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize) {
     const char *type;
 
     if (_class == NULL)
@@ -2228,9 +2375,11 @@ JSValueRef CYSendMessage(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class
 
     if (imp == NULL) {
 #ifdef __APPLE__
+#ifndef CY_NO_STRET
         if (stret(cif.rtype))
             imp = class_getMethodImplementation_stret(_class, _cmd);
         else
+#endif
             imp = class_getMethodImplementation(_class, _cmd);
 #else
         objc_super super = {self, _class};
@@ -2239,10 +2388,10 @@ JSValueRef CYSendMessage(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class
     }
 
     void (*function)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(imp);
-    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, initialize, exception, &signature, &cif, function);
-} CYCatch }
+    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, initialize, &signature, &cif, function);
+}
 
-static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[]) {
     if (count < 2)
         throw CYJSError(context, "too few arguments to objc_msgSend");
 
@@ -2267,7 +2416,7 @@ static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObje
         if (uninitialized)
             internal->value_ = nil;
     } else {
-        self = CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]);
+        self = CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, arguments[0]);
         _class = nil;
         uninitialized = false;
     }
@@ -2277,39 +2426,43 @@ static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObje
 
     _cmd = CYCastSEL(context, arguments[1]);
 
-    return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, _class, _cmd, count - 2, arguments + 2, uninitialized, exception);
-} CYCatch }
+    return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, _class, _cmd, count - 2, arguments + 2, uninitialized);
+}
+
+static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    return $objc_msgSend(context, object, _this, count, arguments);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     JSValueRef setup[count + 2];
     setup[0] = _this;
     setup[1] = object;
     memcpy(setup + 2, arguments, sizeof(JSValueRef) * count);
-    return $objc_msgSend(context, NULL, NULL, count + 2, setup, exception);
-}
+    return $objc_msgSend(context, NULL, NULL, count + 2, setup);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Message_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Message_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
     Message_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Message_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
 
     // XXX: handle Instance::Uninitialized?
-    id self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, _this));
+    id self(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, _this));
 
     void *setup[2];
     setup[0] = &self;
     setup[1] = &internal->sel_;
 
-    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, false, exception, &internal->signature_, &internal->cif_, internal->GetValue());
-}
+    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, false, &internal->signature_, &internal->cif_, internal->GetValue());
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef Super_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 2)
         throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Super constructor");
     CYPool pool;
-    id self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]));
+    id self(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, arguments[0]));
     Class _class(CYCastClass(pool, context, arguments[1]));
     return cy::Super::Make(context, self, _class);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef Selector_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 1)
@@ -2317,21 +2470,21 @@ static JSObjectRef Selector_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t
     CYPool pool;
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, arguments[0]));
     return CYMakeSelector(context, sel_registerName(name));
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef Instance_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count > 1)
         throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Instance constructor");
     id self(count == 0 ? nil : CYCastPointer<id>(context, arguments[0]));
     return CYMakeInstance(context, self, false);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef CYValue_getProperty_value(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef CYValue_getProperty_value(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYValue *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYValue *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(internal->value_));
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYValue *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYValue *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     Type_privateData *typical(internal->GetType());
 
@@ -2347,12 +2500,12 @@ static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     }
 
     return CYMakePointer(context, &internal->value_, _not(size_t), type, ffi, object);
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_constructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_constructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     return Instance::Make(context, (id) object_getClass(internal->GetValue()));
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_prototype(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -2360,15 +2513,15 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_prototype(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
     if (!CYIsClass(self))
         return CYJSUndefined(context);
     return CYGetClassPrototype(context, self);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_messages(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_messages(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     id self(internal->GetValue());
     if (!CYIsClass(self))
         return CYJSUndefined(context);
     return Messages::Make(context, (Class) self);
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
@@ -2376,7 +2529,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
 
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, CYCastNSCYON(internal->GetValue(), false)));
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
@@ -2399,7 +2552,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
         else
             return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, [value description]));
     } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_valueOf(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
@@ -2415,7 +2568,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_valueOf(JSContextRef context, JSObject
         return result;
 
     return _this;
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toPointer(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
@@ -2424,7 +2577,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toPointer(JSContextRef context, JSObje
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     // XXX: but... but... THIS ISN'T A POINTER! :(
     return CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(internal->GetValue()));
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
@@ -2437,7 +2590,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjec
         // XXX: this seems like a stupid implementation; what if it crashes? why not use the CYONifier backend?
         return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, [value description]));
     } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Class_callAsFunction_pointerTo(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
@@ -2459,12 +2612,12 @@ static JSValueRef Class_callAsFunction_pointerTo(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
     CYPoolTry {
         return CYMakeType(context, type.str().c_str());
     } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Selector_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, sel_getName(internal->GetValue()));
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     return Selector_callAsFunction_toString(context, object, _this, count, arguments, exception);
@@ -2478,7 +2631,7 @@ static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
         NSString *string([NSString stringWithFormat:@"@selector(%s)", name]);
         return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, string));
     } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 1)
@@ -2494,11 +2647,14 @@ static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     else
         method = NULL;
 
-    if (const char *type = CYPoolTypeEncoding(pool, context, sel, method))
-        return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(type));
+    const char *encoding(CYPoolTypeEncoding(pool, context, sel, method));
+    if (encoding == NULL)
+        return CYJSNull(context);
 
-    return CYJSNull(context);
-} CYCatch }
+    sig::Signature signature;
+    sig::Parse(pool, &signature, encoding, &Structor_);
+    return CYMakeType(context, &signature);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSStaticValue Selector_staticValues[2] = {
     {"value", &CYValue_getProperty_value, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
@@ -2542,7 +2698,7 @@ static JSStaticFunction Selector_staticFunctions[5] = {
 };
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-JSValueRef NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$(id self, SEL sel, JSValueRef key, JSContextRef context) { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+JSValueRef NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$(id self, SEL sel, JSValueRef key, JSContextRef context) { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return CYCastJSValue(context, [(NSString *) CFCopyDescription((CFTypeRef) self) autorelease]);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 #endif
@@ -2552,11 +2708,17 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     $objc_getAssociatedObject = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, void *)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_getAssociatedObject"));
     $objc_removeAssociatedObjects = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(id)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_removeAssociatedObjects"));
 
-    apr_pool_t *pool(CYGetGlobalPool());
+    CYPool &pool(CYGetGlobalPool());
 
     Object_type = new(pool) Type_privateData("@");
     Selector_type = new(pool) Type_privateData(":");
 
+    NSArray_ = objc_getClass("NSArray");
+    NSBlock_ = objc_getClass("NSBlock");
+    NSDictionary_ = objc_getClass("NSDictionary");
+    NSString_ = objc_getClass("NSString");
+    Object_ = objc_getClass("Object");
+
 #ifdef __APPLE__
     // XXX: apparently, iOS now has both of these
     NSCFBoolean_ = objc_getClass("__NSCFBoolean");
@@ -2564,19 +2726,18 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
         NSCFBoolean_ = objc_getClass("NSCFBoolean");
 
     NSCFType_ = objc_getClass("NSCFType");
-    NSGenericDeallocHandler_ = objc_getClass("__NSGenericDeallocHandler");
-    NSMessageBuilder_ = objc_getClass("NSMessageBuilder");
+
     NSZombie_ = objc_getClass("_NSZombie_");
+
+    banned_.insert(Object_);
+    banned_.insert(objc_getClass("__NSAtom"));
+    banned_.insert(objc_getClass("__NSGenericDeallocHandler"));
+    banned_.insert(objc_getClass("NSMessageBuilder"));
+    banned_.insert(objc_getClass("__NSMessageBuilder"));
 #else
     NSBoolNumber_ = objc_getClass("NSBoolNumber");
 #endif
 
-    NSArray_ = objc_getClass("NSArray");
-    NSBlock_ = objc_getClass("NSBlock");
-    NSDictionary_ = objc_getClass("NSDictionary");
-    NSString_ = objc_getClass("NSString");
-    Object_ = objc_getClass("Object");
-
     JSClassDefinition definition;
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
@@ -2687,8 +2848,13 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     ObjectiveC_Protocols_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
+// XXX: this is horrible; there has to be a better way to do this
+#ifdef __LP64__
+    class_addMethod(NSCFType_, @selector(cy$toJSON:inContext:), reinterpret_cast<IMP>(&NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$), "^{OpaqueJSValue=}32@0:8@16^{OpaqueJSContext=}24");
+#else
     class_addMethod(NSCFType_, @selector(cy$toJSON:inContext:), reinterpret_cast<IMP>(&NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$), "^{OpaqueJSValue=}16@0:4@8^{OpaqueJSContext=}12");
 #endif
+#endif
 } CYPoolCatch() }
 
 void CYObjectiveC_SetupContext(JSContextRef context) { CYPoolTry {
@@ -2765,6 +2931,10 @@ void CYObjectiveC_SetupContext(JSContextRef context) { CYPoolTry {
     CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("objc_registerClassPair"), &objc_registerClassPair_, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("choose"), &choose, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
+#endif
+
     CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("objc_msgSend"), &$objc_msgSend, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 
     JSObjectSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Message, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);