X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/1fdca2fae613a1e5619ef9625f9bb158bb0682f2..1504c9b837a7561d8ae2c81f1c4d57fe0f138781:/Parser.hpp

diff --git a/Parser.hpp b/Parser.hpp
index 33de680..a994ead 100644
--- a/Parser.hpp
+++ b/Parser.hpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* Cycript - Remove Execution Server and Disassembler
+/* Cycript - Inlining/Optimizing JavaScript Compiler
  * Copyright (C) 2009  Jay Freeman (saurik)
 */
 
@@ -40,12 +40,24 @@
 #ifndef CYPARSER_HPP
 #define CYPARSER_HPP
 
-#include <cstdlib>
+// XXX: wtf is this here?!
+#define CYPA 16
+
+#include <iostream>
+
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
 
 #include "location.hh"
 #include "Pooling.hpp"
+#include "Options.hpp"
+
+class CYContext;
 
 template <typename Type_>
 struct CYNext {
@@ -67,25 +79,33 @@ struct CYNext {
 };
 
 struct CYThing {
+    virtual ~CYThing() {
+    }
+
     virtual void Output(struct CYOutput &out) const = 0;
 };
 
 struct CYOutput {
     std::ostream &out_;
+    CYOptions &options_;
     bool pretty_;
     unsigned indent_;
+    bool right_;
 
     enum {
         NoMode,
         NoLetter,
+        NoPlus,
         NoHyphen,
         Terminated
     } mode_;
 
-    CYOutput(std::ostream &out) :
+    CYOutput(std::ostream &out, CYOptions &options) :
         out_(out),
+        options_(options),
         pretty_(false),
         indent_(0),
+        right_(false),
         mode_(NoMode)
     {
     }
@@ -110,9 +130,83 @@ struct CYOutput {
 
 struct CYPropertyName {
     virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
+
+    virtual ~CYPropertyName() {
+    }
+};
+
+struct CYExpression;
+
+enum CYNeeded {
+    CYNever     = -1,
+    CYSometimes =  0,
+    CYAlways    =  1,
+};
+
+enum CYFlags {
+    CYNoFlags =      0,
+    CYNoBrace =      (1 << 0),
+    CYNoFunction =   (1 << 1),
+    CYNoIn =         (1 << 2),
+    CYNoCall =       (1 << 3),
+    CYNoRightHand =  (1 << 4),
+    CYNoDangle =     (1 << 5),
+    CYNoInteger =    (1 << 6),
+    CYNoBF =         (CYNoBrace | CYNoFunction),
+};
+
+struct CYStatement :
+    CYNext<CYStatement>
+{
+    virtual ~CYStatement() {
+    }
+
+    void Single(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    void Multiple(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags = CYNoFlags) const;
+
+    CYStatement *ReplaceAll(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYStatement *Collapse(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+
+  private:
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct CYStatements {
+    CYStatement *first_;
+    CYStatement *last_;
+
+    CYStatements() :
+        first_(NULL),
+        last_(NULL)
+    {
+    }
+
+    operator CYStatement *() const {
+        return first_;
+    }
+
+    CYStatements &operator ->*(CYStatement *next) {
+        if (next != NULL)
+            if (first_ == NULL) {
+                first_ = next;
+                last_ = next;
+            } else for (;; last_ = last_->next_)
+                if (last_->next_ == NULL) {
+                    last_->next_ = next;
+                    last_ = next;
+                    break;
+                }
+        return *this;
+    }
 };
 
 struct CYClassName {
+    virtual ~CYClassName() {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYExpression *ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object) = 0;
     virtual void ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const = 0;
 };
 
@@ -128,81 +222,173 @@ struct CYWord :
     {
     }
 
-    const char *Value() const {
-        return word_;
+    void Set(const char *value) {
+        word_ = value;
     }
 
+    virtual const char *Word() const;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 
+    virtual CYExpression *ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object);
     virtual void ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const;
     virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 _finline std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &lhs, const CYWord &rhs) {
-    return lhs << rhs.Value();
+    lhs << &rhs << '=';
+    return lhs << rhs.Word();
 }
 
 struct CYIdentifier :
+    CYNext<CYIdentifier>,
     CYWord
 {
+    CYIdentifier *replace_;
+    size_t offset_;
+    size_t usage_;
+
     CYIdentifier(const char *word) :
-        CYWord(word)
+        CYWord(word),
+        replace_(NULL),
+        offset_(0),
+        usage_(0)
     {
     }
+
+    virtual const char *Word() const;
+    CYIdentifier *Replace(CYContext &context);
+};
+
+struct CYComment :
+    CYStatement
+{
+    const char *value_;
+
+    CYComment(const char *value) :
+        value_(value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYLabel :
-    CYNext<CYLabel>
+    CYStatement
 {
     CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYStatement *statement_;
 
-    CYLabel(CYIdentifier *name, CYLabel *next) :
-        CYNext<CYLabel>(next),
-        name_(name)
+    CYLabel(CYIdentifier *name, CYStatement *statement) :
+        name_(name),
+        statement_(statement)
     {
     }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-enum CYNeeded {
-    CYNever     = -1,
-    CYSometimes =  0,
-    CYAlways    =  1,
+struct CYCStringLess :
+    std::binary_function<const char *, const char *, bool>
+{
+    _finline bool operator ()(const char *lhs, const char *rhs) const {
+        return strcmp(lhs, rhs) < 0;
+    }
 };
 
-enum CYFlags {
-    CYNoFlags =      0,
-    CYNoBrace =      (1 << 0),
-    CYNoFunction =   (1 << 1),
-    CYNoIn =         (1 << 2),
-    CYNoCall =       (1 << 3),
-    CYNoRightHand =  (1 << 4),
-    CYNoDangle =     (1 << 5),
-    CYNoBF =         (CYNoBrace | CYNoFunction),
+struct CYIdentifierValueLess :
+    std::binary_function<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifier *, bool>
+{
+    _finline bool operator ()(CYIdentifier *lhs, CYIdentifier *rhs) const {
+        return CYCStringLess()(lhs->Word(), rhs->Word());
+    }
 };
 
-struct CYStatement :
-    CYNext<CYStatement>
+enum CYIdentifierFlags {
+    CYIdentifierArgument,
+    CYIdentifierVariable,
+    CYIdentifierOther,
+    CYIdentifierMagic,
+};
+
+typedef std::set<const char *, CYCStringLess> CYCStringSet;
+typedef std::set<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifierValueLess> CYIdentifierValueSet;
+typedef std::map<CYIdentifier *, CYIdentifierFlags> CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap;
+
+struct CYIdentifierUsage {
+    CYIdentifier *identifier_;
+    size_t usage_;
+};
+
+typedef std::vector<CYIdentifierUsage> CYIdentifierUsageVector;
+
+struct CYScope {
+    CYScope *parent_;
+
+    CYIdentifierAddressFlagsMap internal_;
+    CYIdentifierValueSet identifiers_;
+
+    CYScope() :
+        parent_(NULL)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual ~CYScope() {
+    }
+
+    void Declare(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier, CYIdentifierFlags flags);
+    virtual CYIdentifier *Lookup(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier);
+    void Merge(CYContext &context, CYIdentifier *identifier);
+    void Scope(CYContext &context, CYStatement *&statements);
+};
+
+struct CYProgram :
+    CYThing
 {
-    CYLabel *labels_;
+    CYStatement *statements_;
 
-    CYStatement() :
-        labels_(NULL)
+    CYProgram(CYStatement *statements) :
+        statements_(statements)
     {
     }
 
-    void AddLabel(CYIdentifier *identifier) {
-        labels_ = new CYLabel(identifier, labels_);
+    virtual void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+struct CYContext {
+    apr_pool_t *pool_;
+    CYOptions &options_;
+    CYScope *scope_;
+    CYIdentifierUsageVector rename_;
+
+    CYContext(apr_pool_t *pool, CYOptions &options) :
+        pool_(pool),
+        options_(options),
+        scope_(NULL)
+    {
     }
 
-    bool Single(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-    void Multiple(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags = CYNoFlags) const;
+    virtual ~CYContext() {
+    }
 
-  private:
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
+    template <typename Type_>
+    void Replace(Type_ *&value) {
+        for (;;) if (value == NULL)
+            break;
+        else {
+            Type_ *replace(value->Replace(*this));
+            if (replace != value)
+                value = replace;
+            else break;
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 struct CYBlock :
-    CYStatement
+    CYStatement,
+    CYThing
 {
     CYStatement *statements_;
 
@@ -211,6 +397,21 @@ struct CYBlock :
     {
     }
 
+    operator CYStatement *() const {
+        return statements_;
+    }
+
+    void AddPrev(CYStatement *statement) {
+        CYStatement *last(statement);
+        while (last->next_ != NULL)
+            last = last->next_;
+        last->SetNext(statements_);
+        statements_ = statement;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -234,8 +435,9 @@ class CYDriver {
     bool strict_;
 
     enum Condition {
-        RegExStart,
-        RegExRest
+        RegExpCondition,
+        XMLContentCondition,
+        XMLTagCondition,
     };
 
     std::string filename_;
@@ -248,32 +450,74 @@ class CYDriver {
 
     typedef std::vector<Error> Errors;
 
-    CYStatement *program_;
+    CYProgram *program_;
     Errors errors_;
 
+    bool auto_;
+
+    struct Context {
+        CYExpression *context_;
+
+        Context(CYExpression *context) :
+            context_(context)
+        {
+        }
+
+        typedef std::vector<CYWord *> Words;
+        Words words_;
+    };
+
+    typedef std::vector<Context> Contexts;
+    Contexts contexts_;
+
+    CYExpression *context_;
+
+    enum Mode {
+        AutoNone,
+        AutoPrimary,
+        AutoDirect,
+        AutoIndirect,
+        AutoMessage
+    } mode_;
+
   private:
     void ScannerInit();
     void ScannerDestroy();
 
   public:
-    CYDriver(const std::string &filename);
+    CYDriver(apr_pool_t *pool = NULL, const std::string &filename = "");
     ~CYDriver();
 
+    Condition GetCondition();
     void SetCondition(Condition condition);
 
+    void PushCondition(Condition condition);
+    void PopCondition();
+
     void Warning(const cy::location &location, const char *message);
 };
 
 struct CYForInitialiser {
+    virtual ~CYForInitialiser() {
+    }
+
     virtual void For(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
 };
 
 struct CYForInInitialiser {
+    virtual ~CYForInInitialiser() {
+    }
+
     virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
     virtual const char *ForEachIn() const = 0;
-    virtual void ForEachIn(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
+    virtual CYExpression *ForEachIn(CYContext &out) = 0;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
 };
 
+struct CYNumber;
+struct CYString;
+
 struct CYExpression :
     CYNext<CYExpression>,
     CYForInitialiser,
@@ -291,14 +535,31 @@ struct CYExpression :
     virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 
     virtual const char *ForEachIn() const;
-    virtual void ForEachIn(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *ForEachIn(CYContext &out);
 
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const = 0;
     void Output(CYOutput &out, unsigned precedence, CYFlags flags) const;
 
+    virtual CYExpression *ClassName(CYContext &context, bool object);
     virtual void ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const;
 
+    CYExpression *ReplaceAll(CYContext &context);
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context) = 0;
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Primitive(CYContext &context) {
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     virtual const char *Word() const {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -324,7 +585,7 @@ struct CYCompound :
 {
     CYExpression *expressions_;
 
-    CYCompound(CYExpression *expressions) :
+    CYCompound(CYExpression *expressions = NULL) :
         expressions_(expressions)
     {
     }
@@ -339,20 +600,36 @@ struct CYCompound :
 
     CYPrecedence(17)
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
+struct CYFunctionParameter :
+    CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>,
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+
+    CYFunctionParameter(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>(next),
+        name_(name)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
 struct CYComprehension :
     CYNext<CYComprehension>,
     CYThing
 {
-    void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
     virtual const char *Name() const = 0;
 
-    virtual void Begin_(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
-
-    virtual void End_(CYOutput &out) const {
-    }
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const = 0;
+    CYFunctionParameter *Parameters(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const = 0;
 };
 
 struct CYForInComprehension :
@@ -368,10 +645,12 @@ struct CYForInComprehension :
     }
 
     virtual const char *Name() const {
-        return name_->Value();
+        return name_->Word();
     }
 
-    virtual void Begin_(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYForEachInComprehension :
@@ -387,11 +666,12 @@ struct CYForEachInComprehension :
     }
 
     virtual const char *Name() const {
-        return name_->Value();
+        return name_->Word();
     }
 
-    virtual void Begin_(CYOutput &out) const;
-    virtual void End_(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYIfComprehension :
@@ -408,7 +688,9 @@ struct CYIfComprehension :
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    virtual void Begin_(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual CYFunctionParameter *Parameter(CYContext &context) const;
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context, CYStatement *statement) const;
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYArrayComprehension :
@@ -425,6 +707,7 @@ struct CYArrayComprehension :
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -435,6 +718,12 @@ struct CYLiteral :
     CYRightHand(false)
 };
 
+struct CYTrivial :
+    CYLiteral
+{
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+};
+
 struct CYMagic :
     CYExpression
 {
@@ -442,38 +731,6 @@ struct CYMagic :
     CYRightHand(false)
 };
 
-struct CYSelectorPart :
-    CYNext<CYSelectorPart>,
-    CYThing
-{
-    CYWord *name_;
-    bool value_;
-
-    CYSelectorPart(CYWord *name, bool value, CYSelectorPart *next) :
-        CYNext<CYSelectorPart>(next),
-        name_(name),
-        value_(value)
-    {
-    }
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
-};
-
-struct CYSelector :
-    CYLiteral
-{
-    CYSelectorPart *name_;
-
-    CYSelector(CYSelectorPart *name) :
-        name_(name)
-    {
-    }
-
-    CYPrecedence(1)
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-};
-
 struct CYRange {
     uint64_t lo_;
     uint64_t hi_;
@@ -499,20 +756,32 @@ extern CYRange WordStartRange_;
 extern CYRange WordEndRange_;
 
 struct CYString :
-    CYLiteral,
+    CYTrivial,
     CYPropertyName
 {
     const char *value_;
     size_t size_;
 
+    CYString() :
+        value_(NULL),
+        size_(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    CYString(const char *value) :
+        value_(value),
+        size_(strlen(value))
+    {
+    }
+
     CYString(const char *value, size_t size) :
         value_(value),
         size_(size)
     {
     }
 
-    CYString(const CYIdentifier *identifier) :
-        value_(identifier->Value()),
+    CYString(const CYWord *word) :
+        value_(word->Word()),
         size_(strlen(value_))
     {
     }
@@ -523,12 +792,16 @@ struct CYString :
 
     virtual const char *Word() const;
 
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
+
+    CYString *Concat(CYContext &out, CYString *rhs) const;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
     virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYNumber :
-    CYLiteral,
+    CYTrivial,
     CYPropertyName
 {
     double value_;
@@ -542,12 +815,15 @@ struct CYNumber :
         return value_;
     }
 
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
+
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
     virtual void PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
 struct CYRegEx :
-    CYLiteral
+    CYTrivial
 {
     const char *value_;
 
@@ -565,13 +841,16 @@ struct CYRegEx :
 
 struct CYNull :
     CYWord,
-    CYLiteral
+    CYTrivial
 {
     CYNull() :
         CYWord("null")
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
+
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -584,11 +863,12 @@ struct CYThis :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYBoolean :
-    CYLiteral
+    CYTrivial
 {
     virtual bool Value() const = 0;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
@@ -606,6 +886,9 @@ struct CYFalse :
     virtual bool Value() const {
         return false;
     }
+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYTrue :
@@ -620,6 +903,9 @@ struct CYTrue :
     virtual bool Value() const {
         return true;
     }
+
+    virtual CYNumber *Number(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYString *String(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYVariable :
@@ -635,6 +921,7 @@ struct CYVariable :
     CYPrecedence(0)
     CYRightHand(false)
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -651,6 +938,9 @@ struct CYPrefix :
     virtual bool Alphabetic() const = 0;
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
+    CYPrecedence(4)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -673,6 +963,7 @@ struct CYInfix :
     virtual bool Alphabetic() const = 0;
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -688,6 +979,9 @@ struct CYPostfix :
 
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
+    CYPrecedence(3)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -709,6 +1003,9 @@ struct CYAssignment :
 
     virtual const char *Operator() const = 0;
 
+    CYPrecedence(16)
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -719,6 +1016,13 @@ struct CYArgument :
     CYWord *name_;
     CYExpression *value_;
 
+    CYArgument(CYExpression *value, CYArgument *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYArgument>(next),
+        name_(NULL),
+        value_(value)
+    {
+    }
+
     CYArgument(CYWord *name, CYExpression *value, CYArgument *next = NULL) :
         CYNext<CYArgument>(next),
         name_(name),
@@ -726,6 +1030,7 @@ struct CYArgument :
     {
     }
 
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
     void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
@@ -743,14 +1048,15 @@ struct CYClause :
     CYNext<CYClause>
 {
     CYExpression *case_;
-    CYStatement *code_;
+    CYStatement *statements_;
 
-    CYClause(CYExpression *_case, CYStatement *code) :
+    CYClause(CYExpression *_case, CYStatement *statements) :
         case_(_case),
-        code_(code)
+        statements_(statements)
     {
     }
 
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
@@ -766,6 +1072,7 @@ struct CYElement :
     {
     }
 
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
     void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
@@ -774,21 +1081,40 @@ struct CYArray :
 {
     CYElement *elements_;
 
-    CYArray(CYElement *elements) :
+    CYArray(CYElement *elements = NULL) :
         elements_(elements)
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
+struct CYProperty :
+    CYNext<CYProperty>,
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYPropertyName *name_;
+    CYExpression *value_;
+
+    CYProperty(CYPropertyName *name, CYExpression *value, CYProperty *next = NULL) :
+        CYNext<CYProperty>(next),
+        name_(name),
+        value_(value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
 struct CYDeclaration :
     CYForInInitialiser
 {
     CYIdentifier *identifier_;
     CYExpression *initialiser_;
 
-    CYDeclaration(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYExpression *initialiser) :
+    CYDeclaration(CYIdentifier *identifier, CYExpression *initialiser = NULL) :
         identifier_(identifier),
         initialiser_(initialiser)
     {
@@ -797,19 +1123,22 @@ struct CYDeclaration :
     virtual void ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 
     virtual const char *ForEachIn() const;
-    virtual void ForEachIn(CYOutput &out) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *ForEachIn(CYContext &out);
+
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYAssignment *Assignment(CYContext &context);
 
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYDeclarations :
     CYNext<CYDeclarations>,
-    CYForInitialiser,
-    CYThing
+    CYThing,
+    CYForInitialiser
 {
     CYDeclaration *declaration_;
 
-    CYDeclarations(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYDeclarations *next) :
+    CYDeclarations(CYDeclaration *declaration, CYDeclarations *next = NULL) :
         CYNext<CYDeclarations>(next),
         declaration_(declaration)
     {
@@ -817,6 +1146,9 @@ struct CYDeclarations :
 
     virtual void For(CYOutput &out) const;
 
+    virtual CYCompound *Replace(CYContext &context);
+    CYProperty *Property(CYContext &context);
+
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
@@ -831,6 +1163,7 @@ struct CYVar :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -838,130 +1171,18 @@ struct CYLet :
     CYStatement
 {
     CYDeclarations *declarations_;
-    CYStatement *statements_;
+    CYBlock code_;
 
     CYLet(CYDeclarations *declarations, CYStatement *statements) :
         declarations_(declarations),
-        statements_(statements)
-    {
-    }
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-};
-
-struct CYField :
-    CYNext<CYField>
-{
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
-};
-
-struct CYMessageParameter :
-    CYNext<CYMessageParameter>
-{
-    CYWord *tag_;
-    CYExpression *type_;
-    CYIdentifier *name_;
-
-    CYMessageParameter(CYWord *tag, CYExpression *type, CYIdentifier *name) :
-        tag_(tag),
-        type_(type),
-        name_(name)
-    {
-    }
-};
-
-struct CYMessage :
-    CYNext<CYMessage>
-{
-    bool instance_;
-    CYExpression *type_;
-    CYMessageParameter *parameter_;
-    CYStatement *body_;
-
-    CYMessage(bool instance, CYExpression *type, CYMessageParameter *parameter, CYStatement *body) :
-        instance_(instance),
-        type_(type),
-        parameter_(parameter),
-        body_(body)
-    {
-    }
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, bool replace) const;
-};
-
-struct CYClass {
-    CYClassName *name_;
-    CYExpression *super_;
-    CYField *fields_;
-    CYMessage *messages_;
-
-    CYClass(CYClassName *name, CYExpression *super, CYField *fields, CYMessage *messages) :
-        name_(name),
-        super_(super),
-        fields_(fields),
-        messages_(messages)
-    {
-    }
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-};
-
-struct CYClassExpression :
-    CYClass,
-    CYExpression
-{
-    CYClassExpression(CYClassName *name, CYExpression *super, CYField *fields, CYMessage *messages) :
-        CYClass(name, super, fields, messages)
-    {
-    }
-
-    CYPrecedence(0)
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-};
-
-struct CYClassStatement :
-    CYClass,
-    CYStatement
-{
-    CYClassStatement(CYClassName *name, CYExpression *super, CYField *fields, CYMessage *messages) :
-        CYClass(name, super, fields, messages)
+        code_(statements)
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYCategory :
-    CYStatement
-{
-    CYClassName *name_;
-    CYMessage *messages_;
-
-    CYCategory(CYClassName *name, CYMessage *messages) :
-        name_(name),
-        messages_(messages)
-    {
-    }
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-};
-
-struct CYFunctionParameter :
-    CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>,
-    CYThing
-{
-    CYIdentifier *name_;
-
-    CYFunctionParameter(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *next) :
-        CYNext<CYFunctionParameter>(next),
-        name_(name)
-    {
-    }
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
-};
-
 struct CYFor :
     CYStatement
 {
@@ -978,6 +1199,7 @@ struct CYFor :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -995,6 +1217,7 @@ struct CYForIn :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1012,71 +1235,24 @@ struct CYForEachIn :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYProperty :
-    CYNext<CYProperty>,
-    CYThing
-{
-    CYPropertyName *name_;
-    CYExpression *value_;
-
-    CYProperty(CYPropertyName *name, CYExpression *value, CYProperty *next) :
-        CYNext<CYProperty>(next),
-        name_(name),
-        value_(value)
-    {
-    }
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
-};
-
 struct CYObject :
     CYLiteral
 {
-    CYProperty *property_;
+    CYProperty *properties_;
 
-    CYObject(CYProperty *property) :
-        property_(property)
+    CYObject(CYProperty *properties) :
+        properties_(properties)
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYCatch :
-    CYThing
-{
-    CYIdentifier *name_;
-    CYStatement *code_;
-
-    CYCatch(CYIdentifier *name, CYStatement *code) :
-        name_(name),
-        code_(code)
-    {
-    }
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
-};
-
-struct CYSend :
-    CYExpression
-{
-    CYExpression *self_;
-    CYArgument *arguments_;
-
-    CYSend(CYExpression *self, CYArgument *arguments) :
-        self_(self),
-        arguments_(arguments)
-    {
-    }
-
-    CYPrecedence(0)
-
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
-};
-
 struct CYMember :
     CYExpression
 {
@@ -1092,6 +1268,8 @@ struct CYMember :
     void SetLeft(CYExpression *object) {
         object_ = object;
     }
+
+    void Replace_(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYDirectMember :
@@ -1105,6 +1283,7 @@ struct CYDirectMember :
     CYPrecedence(1)
     CYRightHand(false)
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1119,6 +1298,7 @@ struct CYIndirectMember :
     CYPrecedence(1)
     CYRightHand(false)
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1140,6 +1320,7 @@ struct CYNew :
 
     CYRightHand(false)
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1149,7 +1330,7 @@ struct CYCall :
     CYExpression *function_;
     CYArgument *arguments_;
 
-    CYCall(CYExpression *function, CYArgument *arguments) :
+    CYCall(CYExpression *function, CYArgument *arguments = NULL) :
         function_(function),
         arguments_(arguments)
     {
@@ -1158,6 +1339,7 @@ struct CYCall :
     CYPrecedence(1)
     CYRightHand(false)
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1168,13 +1350,14 @@ struct CYIf :
     CYStatement *true_;
     CYStatement *false_;
 
-    CYIf(CYExpression *test, CYStatement *_true, CYStatement *_false) :
+    CYIf(CYExpression *test, CYStatement *_true, CYStatement *_false = NULL) :
         test_(test),
         true_(_true),
         false_(_false)
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1190,6 +1373,7 @@ struct CYDoWhile :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1205,21 +1389,27 @@ struct CYWhile :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYFunction {
     CYIdentifier *name_;
     CYFunctionParameter *parameters_;
-    CYStatement *body_;
+    CYBlock code_;
 
-    CYFunction(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *body) :
+    CYFunction(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :
         name_(name),
         parameters_(parameters),
-        body_(body)
+        code_(statements)
     {
     }
 
+    virtual ~CYFunction() {
+    }
+
+    void Inject(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Replace_(CYContext &context, bool outer);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1227,14 +1417,15 @@ struct CYFunctionExpression :
     CYFunction,
     CYExpression
 {
-    CYFunctionExpression(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *body) :
-        CYFunction(name, parameters, body)
+    CYFunctionExpression(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :
+        CYFunction(name, parameters, statements)
     {
     }
 
     CYPrecedence(0)
     CYRightHand(false)
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1242,11 +1433,12 @@ struct CYFunctionStatement :
     CYFunction,
     CYStatement
 {
-    CYFunctionStatement(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *body) :
-        CYFunction(name, parameters, body)
+    CYFunctionStatement(CYIdentifier *name, CYFunctionParameter *parameters, CYStatement *statements) :
+        CYFunction(name, parameters, statements)
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1258,8 +1450,12 @@ struct CYExpress :
     CYExpress(CYExpression *expression) :
         expression_(expression)
     {
+        if (expression == NULL)
+            throw;
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Collapse(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1273,6 +1469,7 @@ struct CYContinue :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1286,6 +1483,7 @@ struct CYBreak :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1299,58 +1497,85 @@ struct CYReturn :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYEmpty :
     CYStatement
 {
+    virtual CYStatement *Collapse(CYContext &context);
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
 struct CYFinally :
     CYThing
 {
-    CYStatement *code_;
+    CYBlock code_;
 
-    CYFinally(CYStatement *code) :
-        code_(code)
+    CYFinally(CYStatement *statements) :
+        code_(statements)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
+    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
+};
+
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+struct Catch :
+    CYThing
+{
+    CYIdentifier *name_;
+    CYBlock code_;
+
+    Catch(CYIdentifier *name, CYStatement *statements) :
+        name_(name),
+        code_(statements)
     {
     }
 
+    void Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out) const;
 };
 
-struct CYTry :
+struct Try :
     CYStatement
 {
-    CYStatement *code_;
-    CYCatch *catch_;
+    CYBlock code_;
+    Catch *catch_;
     CYFinally *finally_;
 
-    CYTry(CYStatement *code, CYCatch *_catch, CYFinally *finally) :
-        code_(code),
+    Try(CYStatement *statements, Catch *_catch, CYFinally *finally) :
+        code_(statements),
         catch_(_catch),
         finally_(finally)
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
-struct CYThrow :
+struct Throw :
     CYStatement
 {
     CYExpression *value_;
 
-    CYThrow(CYExpression *value) :
+    Throw(CYExpression *value) :
         value_(value)
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
+} }
+
 struct CYWith :
     CYStatement
 {
@@ -1363,6 +1588,7 @@ struct CYWith :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1378,6 +1604,7 @@ struct CYSwitch :
     {
     }
 
+    virtual CYStatement *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1397,6 +1624,7 @@ struct CYCondition :
 
     CYPrecedence(15)
 
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
     virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
 };
 
@@ -1413,9 +1641,8 @@ struct CYAddressOf :
     }
 
     CYAlphabetic(false)
-    CYPrecedence(2)
 
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
 };
 
 struct CYIndirect :
@@ -1431,48 +1658,47 @@ struct CYIndirect :
     }
 
     CYAlphabetic(false)
-    CYPrecedence(1)
 
-    virtual void Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const;
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
 };
 
-#define CYPostfix_(op, name) \
+#define CYReplace \
+    virtual CYExpression *Replace(CYContext &context);
+
+#define CYPostfix_(op, name, args...) \
     struct CY ## name : \
         CYPostfix \
-    { \
+    { args \
         CY ## name(CYExpression *lhs) : \
             CYPostfix(lhs) \
         { \
         } \
-    \
-        CYPrecedence(3) \
     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
             return op; \
         } \
     };
 
-#define CYPrefix_(alphabetic, op, name) \
+#define CYPrefix_(alphabetic, op, name, args...) \
     struct CY ## name : \
         CYPrefix \
-    { \
+    { args \
         CY ## name(CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYPrefix(rhs) \
         { \
         } \
     \
         CYAlphabetic(alphabetic) \
-        CYPrecedence(4) \
     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
             return op; \
         } \
     };
 
-#define CYInfix_(alphabetic, precedence, op, name) \
+#define CYInfix_(alphabetic, precedence, op, name, args...) \
     struct CY ## name : \
         CYInfix \
-    { \
+    { args \
         CY ## name(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYInfix(lhs, rhs) \
         { \
@@ -1486,16 +1712,14 @@ struct CYIndirect :
         } \
     };
 
-#define CYAssignment_(op, name) \
+#define CYAssignment_(op, name, args...) \
     struct CY ## name ## Assign : \
         CYAssignment \
-    { \
+    { args \
         CY ## name ## Assign(CYExpression *lhs, CYExpression *rhs) : \
             CYAssignment(lhs, rhs) \
         { \
         } \
-    \
-        CYPrecedence(16) \
     \
         virtual const char *Operator() const { \
             return op; \
@@ -1510,6 +1734,7 @@ CYPrefix_(true, "void", Void)
 CYPrefix_(true, "typeof", TypeOf)
 CYPrefix_(false, "++", PreIncrement)
 CYPrefix_(false, "--", PreDecrement)
+CYPrefix_(false, "+", Affirm)
 CYPrefix_(false, "-", Negate)
 CYPrefix_(false, "~", BitwiseNot)
 CYPrefix_(false, "!", LogicalNot)
@@ -1517,7 +1742,7 @@ CYPrefix_(false, "!", LogicalNot)
 CYInfix_(false, 5, "*", Multiply)
 CYInfix_(false, 5, "/", Divide)
 CYInfix_(false, 5, "%", Modulus)
-CYInfix_(false, 6, "+", Add)
+CYInfix_(false, 6, "+", Add, CYReplace)
 CYInfix_(false, 6, "-", Subtract)
 CYInfix_(false, 7, "<<", ShiftLeft)
 CYInfix_(false, 7, ">>", ShiftRightSigned)