X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/1560b2c8f7d30fa6b96625ae0fd30c75d4354871..18d654b39fecc7d3efd6e1f1828a38f8d3b08886:/ObjectiveC/Library.mm

diff --git a/ObjectiveC/Library.mm b/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
index 44307e2..ec80665 100644
--- a/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
+++ b/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
@@ -1,59 +1,64 @@
 /* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
- * Copyright (C) 2009-2013  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2015  Jay Freeman (saurik)
 */
 
-/* GNU General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
+/* GNU Affero General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
 /*
- * Cycript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
- * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
- * or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * Cycript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
- * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with Cycript.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 **/
 /* }}} */
 
-#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#include "cycript.hpp"
 
-#include "ObjectiveC/Internal.hpp"
+#include <cmath>
 
-#include <objc/objc-api.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
 
-#include "cycript.hpp"
+#include <dlfcn.h>
 
-#include "ObjectiveC/Internal.hpp"
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <malloc/malloc.h>
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <objc/message.h>
+#include <objc/runtime.h>
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 #include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
 #include <JavaScriptCore/JSStringRefCF.h>
-#include <WebKit/WebScriptObject.h>
-#include <objc/runtime.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+
+#include "Code.hpp"
 #include "Error.hpp"
 #include "JavaScript.hpp"
 #include "String.hpp"
 #include "Execute.hpp"
 
-#include <cmath>
-#include <map>
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include "ObjectiveC/Internal.hpp"
 
-#define CYObjectiveTry_(context) { \
-    JSContextRef context_(context); \
+#define CYObjectiveTry_ { \
     try
 #define CYObjectiveTry { \
+    JSContextRef context(context_); \
     try
 #define CYObjectiveCatch \
     catch (const CYException &error) { \
-        @throw CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, error.CastJSValue(context_)); \
+        @throw CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, error.CastJSValue(context, "Error")); \
     } \
 }
 
@@ -81,48 +86,11 @@
     } return value; \
 }
 
-#ifndef __APPLE__
-#define class_getSuperclass GSObjCSuper
-#define class_getInstanceVariable GSCGetInstanceVariableDefinition
-#define class_getName GSNameFromClass
-
-#define class_removeMethods(cls, list) GSRemoveMethodList(cls, list, YES)
-
-#define ivar_getName(ivar) ((ivar)->ivar_name)
-#define ivar_getOffset(ivar) ((ivar)->ivar_offset)
-#define ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar) ((ivar)->ivar_type)
-
-#define method_getName(method) ((method)->method_name)
-#define method_getImplementation(method) ((method)->method_imp)
-#define method_getTypeEncoding(method) ((method)->method_types)
-#define method_setImplementation(method, imp) ((void) ((method)->method_imp = (imp)))
+#define _oassert(test) \
+    if (!(test)) \
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInternalInconsistencyException reason:@"_assert(" #test ")" userInfo:nil];
 
-#undef objc_getClass
-#define objc_getClass GSClassFromName
-
-#define objc_getProtocol GSProtocolFromName
-
-#define object_getClass GSObjCClass
-
-#define object_getInstanceVariable(object, name, value) ({ \
-    objc_ivar *ivar(class_getInstanceVariable(object_getClass(object), name)); \
-    _assert(value != NULL); \
-    if (ivar != NULL) \
-        GSObjCGetVariable(object, ivar_getOffset(ivar), sizeof(void *), value); \
-    ivar; \
-})
-
-#define object_setIvar(object, ivar, value) ({ \
-    void *data = (value); \
-    GSObjCSetVariable(object, ivar_getOffset(ivar), sizeof(void *), &data); \
-})
-
-#define protocol_getName(protocol) [(protocol) name]
-#endif
-
-static void (*$objc_setAssociatedObject)(id object, void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy);
-static id (*$objc_getAssociatedObject)(id object, void *key);
-static void (*$objc_removeAssociatedObjects)(id object);
+@class NSBlock;
 
 struct BlockLiteral {
     Class isa;
@@ -159,7 +127,7 @@ enum {
     BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE = 1 << 30,
 };
 
-JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class super, SEL _cmd, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize, JSValueRef *exception);
+JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class super, SEL _cmd, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize);
 
 /* Objective-C Pool Release {{{ */
 void CYPoolRelease_(void *data) {
@@ -184,33 +152,37 @@ Type_ CYPoolRelease(CYPool *pool, Type_ object) {
 }
 /* }}} */
 /* Objective-C Strings {{{ */
+CYUTF8String CYPoolUTF8String(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value) {
+    size_t size([value maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
+    char *string(new(pool) char[size + 1]);
+    if (![value getCString:string maxLength:size encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding])
+        throw CYJSError(context, "[NSString getCString:maxLength:encoding:] == NO");
+    return CYUTF8String(string, [value lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]);
+}
+
 const char *CYPoolCString(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value) {
-    if (pool == NULL)
-        return [value UTF8String];
-    else {
-        size_t size([value maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] + 1);
-        char *string(new(pool) char[size]);
-        if (![value getCString:string maxLength:size encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding])
-            throw CYJSError(context, "[NSString getCString:maxLength:encoding:] == NO");
-        return string;
-    }
+    CYUTF8String utf8(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, value));
+    _assert(memchr(utf8.data, '\0', utf8.size) == NULL);
+    return utf8.data;
 }
 
+#ifdef __clang__
 JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSContextRef context, NSString *value) {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     return JSStringCreateWithCFString(reinterpret_cast<CFStringRef>(value));
-#else
-    CYPool pool;
-    return CYCopyJSString(CYPoolCString(pool, context, value));
-#endif
 }
+#endif
 
 JSStringRef CYCopyJSString(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) {
     if (value == nil)
         return NULL;
     // XXX: this definition scares me; is anyone using this?!
     NSString *string([value description]);
+#ifdef __clang__
     return CYCopyJSString(context, string);
+#else
+    CYPool pool;
+    return CYCopyJSString(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, string));
+#endif
 }
 
 NSString *CYCopyNSString(const CYUTF8String &value) {
@@ -272,7 +244,9 @@ bool CYGetOffset(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value, ssize_t &i
 static JSClassRef Instance_;
 
 static JSClassRef ArrayInstance_;
+static JSClassRef BooleanInstance_;
 static JSClassRef FunctionInstance_;
+static JSClassRef NumberInstance_;
 static JSClassRef ObjectInstance_;
 static JSClassRef StringInstance_;
 
@@ -293,11 +267,10 @@ static JSClassRef ObjectiveC_Images_;
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
+static Class __NSMallocBlock__;
 static Class NSCFBoolean_;
 static Class NSCFType_;
 static Class NSGenericDeallocHandler_;
-static Class NSMessageBuilder_;
-static Class NSZombie_;
 #else
 static Class NSBoolNumber_;
 #endif
@@ -305,7 +278,9 @@ static Class NSBoolNumber_;
 static Class NSArray_;
 static Class NSBlock_;
 static Class NSDictionary_;
+static Class NSNumber_;
 static Class NSString_;
+static Class NSZombie_;
 static Class Object_;
 
 static Type_privateData *Object_type;
@@ -341,10 +316,18 @@ JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, Class self, bool meta) {
     JSClassRef _class(NULL);
     JSValueRef prototype;
 
-    if (self == NSArray_)
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (self == NSCFBoolean_)
+#else
+    if (self == NSBoolNumber_)
+#endif
+        prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("BooleanInstance_prototype"));
+    else if (self == NSArray_)
         prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("ArrayInstance_prototype"));
     else if (self == NSBlock_)
         prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("FunctionInstance_prototype"));
+    else if (self == NSNumber_)
+        prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("NumberInstance_prototype"));
     else if (self == NSDictionary_)
         prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("ObjectInstance_prototype"));
     else if (self == NSString_)
@@ -353,7 +336,7 @@ JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, Class self, bool meta) {
         prototype = CYGetClassPrototype(context, class_getSuperclass(self), meta);
 
     JSObjectRef object(JSObjectMake(context, _class, NULL));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, object, prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, object, prototype);
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, name, object);
 
     return object;
@@ -366,7 +349,7 @@ _finline JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, Class self) {
 JSObjectRef Messages::Make(JSContextRef context, Class _class) {
     JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, Messages_, new Messages(_class)));
     if (Class super = class_getSuperclass(_class))
-        JSObjectSetPrototype(context, value, Messages::Make(context, super));
+        CYSetPrototype(context, value, Messages::Make(context, super));
     return value;
 }
 
@@ -380,17 +363,22 @@ JSObjectRef Super::Make(JSContextRef context, id object, Class _class) {
     return value;
 } }
 
+bool CYIsKindOfClass(id object, Class _class) {
+    for (Class isa(object_getClass(object)); isa != NULL; isa = class_getSuperclass(isa))
+        if (isa == _class)
+            return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
 JSObjectRef Instance::Make(JSContextRef context, id object, Flags flags) {
-    JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, Instance_, new Instance(object, flags)));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, value, CYGetClassPrototype(context, object_getClass(object)));
+    JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, CYIsKindOfClass(object, NSBlock_) ? FunctionInstance_ : Instance_, new Instance(object, flags)));
+    CYSetPrototype(context, value, CYGetClassPrototype(context, object_getClass(object)));
     return value;
 }
 
 Instance::~Instance() {
-    if ((flags_ & Transient) == 0)
-        // XXX: does this handle background threads correctly?
-        // XXX: this simply does not work on the console because I'm stupid
-        [GetValue() performSelector:@selector(release) withObject:nil afterDelay:0];
+    if ((flags_ & Permanent) == 0)
+        [GetValue() release];
 }
 
 struct Message_privateData :
@@ -405,17 +393,28 @@ struct Message_privateData :
     }
 };
 
-JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, bool transient) {
-    Instance::Flags flags;
+JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, Instance::Flags flags = Instance::None) {
+    _assert(object != nil);
 
-    if (transient)
-        flags = Instance::Transient;
-    else {
-        flags = Instance::None;
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    JSWeakObjectMapRef weak(CYCastPointer<JSWeakObjectMapRef>(context, CYGetCachedValue(context, weak_s)));
+
+    if (weak != NULL && &JSWeakObjectMapGet != NULL)
+        if (JSObjectRef instance = JSWeakObjectMapGet(context, weak, object))
+            return instance;
+#endif
+
+    if ((flags & Instance::Permanent) == 0)
         object = [object retain];
-    }
 
-    return Instance::Make(context, object, flags);
+    JSObjectRef instance(Instance::Make(context, object, flags));
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (weak != NULL && &JSWeakObjectMapSet != NULL)
+        JSWeakObjectMapSet(context, weak, object, instance);
+#endif
+
+    return instance;
 }
 
 @interface NSMethodSignature (Cycript)
@@ -428,7 +427,7 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, bool transient) {
 - (JSType) cy$JSType;
 
 - (JSValueRef) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key inContext:(JSContextRef)context;
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective;
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects;
 
 - (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name;
 - (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name;
@@ -446,45 +445,42 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, bool transient) {
 - (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context;
 @end
 
-NSString *CYCastNSCYON(id value, bool objective) {
-    NSString *string;
+NSString *CYCastNSCYON(id value, bool objective, std::set<void *> &objects) {
+    _assert(value != nil);
 
-    if (value == nil)
-        string = @"nil";
-    else {
-        Class _class(object_getClass(value));
-        SEL sel(@selector(cy$toCYON:));
-
-        if (objc_method *toCYON = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel))
-            string = reinterpret_cast<NSString *(*)(id, SEL, bool)>(method_getImplementation(toCYON))(value, sel, objective);
-        else if (objc_method *methodSignatureForSelector = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, @selector(methodSignatureForSelector:))) {
-            if (reinterpret_cast<NSMethodSignature *(*)(id, SEL, SEL)>(method_getImplementation(methodSignatureForSelector))(value, @selector(methodSignatureForSelector:), sel) != nil)
-                string = [value cy$toCYON:objective];
-            else goto fail;
-        } else fail: {
-            if (false);
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-            else if (value == NSZombie_)
-                string = @"_NSZombie_";
-            else if (_class == NSZombie_)
-                string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<_NSZombie_: %p>", value];
-            // XXX: frowny /in/ the pants
-            else if (value == NSGenericDeallocHandler_ || value == NSMessageBuilder_ || value == Object_)
-                string = nil;
-#endif
-            else
-                string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", value];
-        }
+    Class _class(object_getClass(value));
 
-        // XXX: frowny pants
-        if (string == nil)
-            string = @"undefined";
+    if (class_isMetaClass(_class)) {
+        const char *name(class_getName(value));
+        if (class_isMetaClass(value))
+            return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"object_getClass(%s)", name];
+        else
+            return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
     }
 
-    return string;
+    if (_class == NSZombie_)
+        return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<_NSZombie_: %p>", value];
+
+    SEL sel(@selector(cy$toCYON:inSet:));
+
+    if (objc_method *toCYON = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel))
+        return reinterpret_cast<NSString *(*)(id, SEL, bool, std::set<void *> &)>(method_getImplementation(toCYON))(value, sel, objective, objects);
+    else if (objc_method *methodSignatureForSelector = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, @selector(methodSignatureForSelector:)))
+        if (reinterpret_cast<NSMethodSignature *(*)(id, SEL, SEL)>(method_getImplementation(methodSignatureForSelector))(value, @selector(methodSignatureForSelector:), sel) != nil)
+            return [value cy$toCYON:objective inSet:objects];
+
+    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", value];
+}
+
+NSString *CYCastNSCYON(id value, bool objective, std::set<void *> *objects) {
+    if (objects != NULL)
+        return CYCastNSCYON(value, objective, *objects);
+    else {
+        std::set<void *> objects;
+        return CYCastNSCYON(value, objective, objects);
+    }
 }
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
 struct PropertyAttributes {
     CYPool pool_;
 
@@ -572,9 +568,7 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
     }
 
 };
-#endif
 
-#ifndef __APPLE__
 @interface CYWebUndefined : NSObject {
 }
 
@@ -592,7 +586,6 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
 @end
 
 #define WebUndefined CYWebUndefined
-#endif
 
 /* Bridge: CYJSObject {{{ */
 @interface CYJSObject : NSMutableDictionary {
@@ -631,44 +624,55 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
 /* }}} */
 
 _finline bool CYJSValueIsNSObject(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
-    return JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Instance_);
+    return JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Instance_) || JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, FunctionInstance_);
 }
 
 _finline bool CYJSValueIsInstanceOfCachedConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, JSStringRef cache) {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectRef constructor(CYGetCachedObject(context, cache));
-    bool is(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor(context, value, constructor, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context, exception);
-    return is;
+    return _jsccall(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor, context, value, CYGetCachedObject(context, cache));
 }
 
-NSObject *CYMakeBlock(void (*invoke)(), sig::Signature &signature) {
-    BlockLiteral *literal(reinterpret_cast<BlockLiteral *>(malloc(sizeof(BlockLiteral))));
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+struct CYBlockDescriptor {
+    struct {
+        BlockDescriptor1 one_;
+        BlockDescriptor2 two_;
+        BlockDescriptor3 three_;
+    } d_;
+
+    Closure_privateData *internal_;
+};
 
-    struct Descriptor {
-        struct {
-            BlockDescriptor1 one_;
-            BlockDescriptor2 two_;
-            BlockDescriptor3 three_;
-        } d_;
+void CYDisposeBlock(BlockLiteral *literal) {
+    delete reinterpret_cast<CYBlockDescriptor *>(literal->descriptor)->internal_;
+}
+
+static JSValueRef BlockAdapter_(JSContextRef context, size_t count, JSValueRef values[], JSObjectRef function) {
+    JSObjectRef _this(CYCastJSObject(context, values[0]));
+    return CYCallAsFunction(context, function, _this, count - 1, values + 1);
+}
 
-        CYPool pool_;
-    };
+NSBlock *CYMakeBlock(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef function, sig::Signature &signature) {
+    _assert(__NSMallocBlock__ != Nil);
+    BlockLiteral *literal(reinterpret_cast<BlockLiteral *>(malloc(sizeof(BlockLiteral))));
 
-    Descriptor *descriptor(new Descriptor);
+    CYBlockDescriptor *descriptor(new CYBlockDescriptor);
     memset(&descriptor->d_, 0, sizeof(descriptor->d_));
 
-    literal->isa = objc_getClass("__NSGlobalBlock__");
+    descriptor->internal_ = CYMakeFunctor_(context, function, signature, &BlockAdapter_);
+    literal->invoke = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(void *, ...)>(descriptor->internal_->GetValue());
+
+    literal->isa = __NSMallocBlock__;
     literal->flags = BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE | BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE | BLOCK_IS_GLOBAL;
     literal->reserved = 0;
-    literal->invoke = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(void *, ...)>(invoke);
     literal->descriptor = descriptor;
 
     descriptor->d_.one_.size = sizeof(descriptor->d_);
-    descriptor->d_.three_.signature = sig::Unparse(descriptor->pool_, &signature);
+    descriptor->d_.two_.dispose_helper = &CYDisposeBlock;
+    descriptor->d_.three_.signature = sig::Unparse(*descriptor->internal_->pool_, &signature);
 
-    return reinterpret_cast<NSObject *>(literal);
+    return reinterpret_cast<NSBlock *>(literal);
 }
+#endif
 
 NSObject *CYCastNSObject(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
     if (CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, object)) {
@@ -676,11 +680,6 @@ NSObject *CYCastNSObject(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object)
         return internal->GetValue();
     }
 
-    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, Functor_)) {
-        cy::Functor *internal(reinterpret_cast<cy::Functor *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-        return CYMakeBlock(internal->GetValue(), internal->signature_);
-    }
-
     bool array(CYJSValueIsInstanceOfCachedConstructor(context, object, Array_s));
     id value(array ? [CYJSArray alloc] : [CYJSObject alloc]);
     return CYPoolRelease(pool, [value initWithJSObject:object inContext:context]);
@@ -764,12 +763,14 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return [[self mutableCopy] autorelease];
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    _oassert(objects.insert(self).second);
+
     NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
     [json appendString:@"@["];
 
     bool comma(false);
-#ifdef __APPLE__
+#ifdef __clang__
     for (id object in self) {
 #else
     for (size_t index(0), count([self count]); index != count; ++index) {
@@ -779,8 +780,8 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
             [json appendString:@","];
         else
             comma = true;
-        if (object == nil || [object cy$JSType] != kJSTypeUndefined)
-            [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object, true)];
+        if (object != nil && [object cy$JSType] != kJSTypeUndefined)
+            [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object, true, objects)];
         else {
             [json appendString:@","];
             comma = false;
@@ -811,7 +812,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 }
 
 - (JSValueRef) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
-    CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+    CYObjectiveTry_ {
         if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"])
             return CYCastJSValue(context, [self count]);
     } CYObjectiveCatch
@@ -853,12 +854,12 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeBoolean;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
     NSString *value([self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false");
     return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return CYCastJSValue(context, (bool) [self boolValue]);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -872,12 +873,14 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return [[self mutableCopy] autorelease];
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    _oassert(objects.insert(self).second);
+
     NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
     [json appendString:@"@{"];
 
     bool comma(false);
-#ifdef __APPLE__
+#ifdef __clang__
     for (NSObject *key in self) {
 #else
     NSEnumerator *keys([self keyEnumerator]);
@@ -887,10 +890,10 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
             [json appendString:@","];
         else
             comma = true;
-        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(key, true)];
+        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(key, true, objects)];
         [json appendString:@":"];
         NSObject *object([self objectForKey:key]);
-        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object, true)];
+        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object, true, objects)];
     }
 
     [json appendString:@"}"];
@@ -908,7 +911,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 - (void) cy$getPropertyNames:(JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef)names inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
     [super cy$getPropertyNames:names inContext:context];
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
+#ifdef __clang__
     for (NSObject *key in self) {
 #else
     NSEnumerator *keys([self keyEnumerator]);
@@ -931,11 +934,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"]) {
         // XXX: is this not intelligent?
         NSNumber *number(reinterpret_cast<NSNumber *>(value));
-#ifdef __APPLE__
         NSUInteger size([number unsignedIntegerValue]);
-#else
-        NSUInteger size([number unsignedIntValue]);
-#endif
         NSUInteger count([self count]);
         if (size < count)
             [self removeObjectsInRange:NSMakeRange(size, count - size)];
@@ -1010,12 +1009,12 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeNumber;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
     NSString *value([self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? [self stringValue] : [self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false");
     return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return [self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? CYCastJSValue(context, [self doubleValue]) : CYCastJSValue(context, static_cast<bool>([self boolValue]));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1028,12 +1027,12 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeNull;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
     NSString *value(@"null");
     return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return CYJSNull(context);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1050,7 +1049,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return [self cy$valueOfInContext:context];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return NULL;
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1058,8 +1057,8 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeObject;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
-    return [[self description] cy$toCYON:objective];
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    return [@"#" stringByAppendingString:[[self description] cy$toCYON:true inSet:objects]];
 }
 
 - (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name {
@@ -1070,7 +1069,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return nil;
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     if (NSObject *value = [self cy$getProperty:name])
         return CYCastJSValue(context, value);
     return NULL;
@@ -1093,11 +1092,43 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 
 @end
 /* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSOrderedSet {{{ */
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+@implementation NSOrderedSet (Cycript)
+
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    _oassert(objects.insert(self).second);
+
+    NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
+    [json appendString:@"[NSOrderedSet orderedSetWithArray:"];
+    [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON([self array], true, objects)];
+    [json appendString:@"]]"];
+    return json;
+}
+
+@end
+#endif
+/* }}} */
 /* Bridge: NSProxy {{{ */
 @implementation NSProxy (Cycript)
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
-    return [[self description] cy$toCYON:objective];
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    return [[self description] cy$toCYON:objective inSet:objects];
+}
+
+@end
+/* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSSet {{{ */
+@implementation NSSet (Cycript)
+
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
+    _oassert(objects.insert(self).second);
+
+    NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
+    [json appendString:@"[NSSet setWithArray:"];
+    [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON([self allObjects], true, objects)];
+    [json appendString:@"]]"];
+    return json;
 }
 
 @end
@@ -1113,12 +1144,12 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeString;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
     std::ostringstream str;
     if (!objective)
         str << '@';
     CYUTF8String string(CYCastUTF8String(self));
-    CYStringify(str, string.data, string.size);
+    CYStringify(str, string.data, string.size, true);
     std::string value(str.str());
     return CYCastNSString(NULL, CYUTF8String(value.c_str(), value.size()));
 }
@@ -1149,7 +1180,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     }
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, self));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1162,13 +1193,13 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     return kJSTypeUndefined;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects {
     NSString *value(@"undefined");
     return value; // XXX: maybe use the below code, adding @undefined?
     //return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return CYJSUndefined(context);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1176,11 +1207,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
 /* }}} */
 
 static bool CYIsClass(id self) {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     return class_isMetaClass(object_getClass(self));
-#else
-    return GSObjCIsClass(self);
-#endif
 }
 
 Class CYCastClass(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
@@ -1204,12 +1231,12 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
     if (value == nil)
         return CYJSNull(context);
     else
-        return CYMakeInstance(context, value, false);
+        return CYMakeInstance(context, value);
 } CYPoolCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 @implementation CYJSObject
 
-- (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry {
+- (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
         object_ = object;
         context_ = CYGetJSContext(context);
@@ -1224,58 +1251,54 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
     [super dealloc];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective { CYObjectiveTry {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects { CYObjectiveTry {
     CYPool pool;
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    const char *cyon(CYPoolCCYON(pool, context_, object_));
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    const char *cyon(CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, object_, objects));
     if (cyon == NULL)
-        return [super cy$toCYON:objective];
+        return [super cy$toCYON:objective inSet:objects];
     else
         return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:cyon];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (NSUInteger) count { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSPropertyNameArrayRef names(JSObjectCopyPropertyNames(context_, object_));
+    JSPropertyNameArrayRef names(JSObjectCopyPropertyNames(context, object_));
     size_t size(JSPropertyNameArrayGetCount(names));
     JSPropertyNameArrayRelease(names);
     return size;
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (id) objectForKey:(id)key { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSValueRef value(CYGetProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(context_, (NSObject *) key)));
-    if (JSValueIsUndefined(context_, value))
+    JSValueRef value(CYGetProperty(context, object_, CYJSString(context, (NSObject *) key)));
+    if (JSValueIsUndefined(context, value))
         return nil;
-    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, value) ?: [NSNull null];
+    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, value) ?: [NSNull null];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (NSEnumerator *) keyEnumerator { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSPropertyNameArrayRef names(JSObjectCopyPropertyNames(context_, object_));
-    NSEnumerator *enumerator([CYCastNSArray(context_, names) objectEnumerator]);
+    JSPropertyNameArrayRef names(JSObjectCopyPropertyNames(context, object_));
+    NSEnumerator *enumerator([CYCastNSArray(context, names) objectEnumerator]);
     JSPropertyNameArrayRelease(names);
     return enumerator;
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) setObject:(id)object forKey:(id)key { CYObjectiveTry {
-    CYSetProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(context_, (NSObject *) key), CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSString *) object));
+    CYSetProperty(context, object_, CYJSString(context, (NSObject *) key), CYCastJSValue(context, (NSString *) object));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) removeObjectForKey:(id)key { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    (void) JSObjectDeleteProperty(context_, object_, CYJSString(context_, (NSObject *) key), &exception);
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    (void) _jsccall(JSObjectDeleteProperty, context, object_, CYJSString(context, (NSObject *) key));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 @end
 
 @implementation CYJSArray
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective inSet:(std::set<void *> &)objects { CYObjectiveTry {
     CYPool pool;
-    return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:CYPoolCCYON(pool, context_, object_)];
-}
+    return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:CYPoolCCYON(pool, context, object_, objects)];
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
 
-- (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry {
+- (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
         object_ = object;
         context_ = CYGetJSContext(context);
@@ -1291,62 +1314,54 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (NSUInteger) count { CYObjectiveTry {
-    return CYArrayLength(context_, object_);
+    return CYArrayLength(context, object_);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (id) objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count]);
     if (index >= bounds)
         @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray objectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex(context_, object_, index, &exception));
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
-    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, value) ?: [NSNull null];
+    JSValueRef value(_jsccall(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex, context, object_, index));
+    return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context, value) ?: [NSNull null];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) addObject:(id)object { CYObjectiveTry {
-    CYArrayPush(context_, object_, CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSObject *) object));
+    CYArrayPush(context, object_, CYCastJSValue(context, (NSObject *) object));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) insertObject:(id)object atIndex:(NSUInteger)index { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count] + 1);
     if (index >= bounds)
         @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray insertObject:atIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     JSValueRef arguments[3];
-    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context_, index);
-    arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context_, 0);
-    arguments[2] = CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSObject *) object);
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
-    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, CYCastJSObject(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, Array, splice_s)), object_, 3, arguments, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context, index);
+    arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context, 0);
+    arguments[2] = CYCastJSValue(context, (NSObject *) object);
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
+    _jsccall(JSObjectCallAsFunction, context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array, splice_s)), object_, 3, arguments);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) removeLastObject { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
-    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, CYCastJSObject(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, Array, pop_s)), object_, 0, NULL, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
+    _jsccall(JSObjectCallAsFunction, context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array, pop_s)), object_, 0, NULL);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count]);
     if (index >= bounds)
         @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray removeObjectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     JSValueRef arguments[2];
-    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context_, index);
-    arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context_, 1);
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
-    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, CYCastJSObject(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, Array, splice_s)), object_, 2, arguments, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context, index);
+    arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context, 1);
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
+    _jsccall(JSObjectCallAsFunction, context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Array, splice_s)), object_, 2, arguments);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)object { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count]);
     if (index >= bounds)
         @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray replaceObjectAtIndex:withObject:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
-    CYSetProperty(context_, object_, index, CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSObject *) object));
+    CYSetProperty(context, object_, index, CYCastJSValue(context, (NSObject *) object));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 @end
@@ -1361,18 +1376,18 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 
 @implementation CYInternal
 
-- (void) dealloc {
+- (void) dealloc { CYObjectiveTry {
     JSValueUnprotect(context_, object_);
     JSGlobalContextRelease(context_);
     [super dealloc];
-}
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
 
-- (id) initInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+- (id) initInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
         context_ = CYGetJSContext(context);
         JSGlobalContextRetain(context_);
     } return self;
-}
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (bool) hasProperty:(JSStringRef)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
     if (object_ == NULL)
@@ -1400,32 +1415,36 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 }
 
 + (CYInternal *) get:(id)object {
-    if ($objc_getAssociatedObject == NULL)
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (&objc_getAssociatedObject == NULL)
         return nil;
 
     @synchronized (object) {
-        if (CYInternal *internal = $objc_getAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal)))
+        if (CYInternal *internal = objc_getAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal)))
             return internal;
     }
+#endif
 
     return nil;
 }
 
 + (CYInternal *) set:(id)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
-    if ($objc_getAssociatedObject == NULL)
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (&objc_getAssociatedObject == NULL)
         return nil;
 
     @synchronized (object) {
-        if (CYInternal *internal = $objc_getAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal)))
+        if (CYInternal *internal = objc_getAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal)))
             return internal;
 
-        if ($objc_setAssociatedObject == NULL)
+        if (&objc_setAssociatedObject == NULL)
             return nil;
 
         CYInternal *internal([[[CYInternal alloc] initInContext:context] autorelease]);
         objc_setAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal), internal, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
         return internal;
     }
+#endif
 
     return nil;
 }
@@ -1441,8 +1460,10 @@ static SEL CYCastSEL(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
     if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Selector_)) {
         Selector_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
         return reinterpret_cast<SEL>(internal->value_);
-    } else
-        return CYCastPointer<SEL>(context, value);
+    } else {
+        CYPool pool;
+        return sel_registerName(CYPoolCString(pool, context, value));
+    }
 }
 
 void *CYObjectiveC_ExecuteStart(JSContextRef context) { CYSadTry {
@@ -1453,27 +1474,60 @@ void CYObjectiveC_ExecuteEnd(JSContextRef context, void *handle) { CYSadTry {
     return [(NSAutoreleasePool *) handle release];
 } CYSadCatch() }
 
-JSValueRef CYObjectiveC_RuntimeProperty(JSContextRef context, CYUTF8String name) { CYPoolTry {
-    if (name == "nil")
-        return Instance::Make(context, nil);
-    if (Class _class = objc_getClass(name.data))
-        return CYMakeInstance(context, _class, true);
-    if (Protocol *protocol = objc_getProtocol(name.data))
-        return CYMakeInstance(context, protocol, true);
-    return NULL;
-} CYPoolCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
-
-static void CYObjectiveC_CallFunction(JSContextRef context, ffi_cif *cif, void (*function)(), uint8_t *value, void **values) { CYSadTry {
-    ffi_call(cif, function, value, values);
+static void CYObjectiveC_CallFunction(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, ffi_cif *cif, void (*function)(), void *value, void **values) { CYSadTry {
+    CYCallFunction(pool, context, cif, function, value, values);
 } CYSadCatch() }
 
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+static NSBlock *CYCastNSBlock(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, sig::Signature *signature) {
+    if (JSValueIsNull(context, value))
+        return nil;
+    JSObjectRef object(CYCastJSObject(context, value));
+
+    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, FunctionInstance_))
+        return reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object))->GetValue();
+
+    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, Instance_)) {
+        _assert(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object))->GetValue() == nil);
+        return nil;
+    }
+
+    _assert(JSObjectIsFunction(context, object));
+
+    _assert(signature != NULL);
+    _assert(signature->count != 0);
+
+    sig::Signature modified;
+    modified.count = signature->count + 1;
+    modified.elements = new(pool) sig::Element[modified.count];
+
+    modified.elements[0] = signature->elements[0];
+    memcpy(modified.elements + 2, signature->elements + 1, sizeof(sig::Element) * (signature->count - 1));
+
+    modified.elements[1].name = NULL;
+    modified.elements[1].type = new(pool) sig::Type();
+    modified.elements[1].offset = _not(size_t);
+
+    memset(modified.elements[1].type, 0, sizeof(sig::Type));
+    modified.elements[1].type->primitive = sig::object_P;
+
+    return CYMakeBlock(context, object, modified);
+}
+#endif
+
 static bool CYObjectiveC_PoolFFI(CYPool *pool, JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ffi_type *ffi, void *data, JSValueRef value) { CYSadTry {
+    // XXX: assigning to an indirect id * works for return values, but not for properties and fields
+
     switch (type->primitive) {
-        // XXX: do something epic about blocks
+#ifdef __APPLE__
         case sig::block_P:
+            // XXX: this function might not handle the idea of a null pool
+            *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data) = CYCastNSBlock(*pool, context, value, &type->data.signature);
+        break;
+#endif
+
         case sig::object_P:
         case sig::typename_P:
-            // XXX: this works for return values, but not for properties and fields
             *reinterpret_cast<id *>(data) = CYCastNSObject(pool, context, value);
         break;
 
@@ -1493,19 +1547,32 @@ static JSValueRef CYObjectiveC_FromFFI(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ff
         // XXX: do something epic about blocks
         case sig::block_P:
         case sig::object_P:
-            if (NSObject *object = *reinterpret_cast<NSObject **>(data)) {
-                JSValueRef value(CYCastJSValue(context, object));
-                if (initialize)
-                    [object release];
-                return value;
+            if (NSObject *value = *reinterpret_cast<NSObject **>(data)) {
+                JSObjectRef object(CYMakeInstance(context, value));
+
+                if (initialize) {
+                    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+
+                    if ((internal->flags_ & Instance::Uninitialized) != 0) {
+                        internal->flags_ = static_cast<Instance::Flags>(internal->flags_ & ~Instance::Uninitialized);
+                        _assert(internal->value_ == nil);
+                        internal->value_ = value;
+                    }
+
+                    [value release];
+                }
+
+                return object;
             } else goto null;
 
         case sig::typename_P:
-            return CYMakeInstance(context, *reinterpret_cast<Class *>(data), true);
+            if (Class value = *reinterpret_cast<Class *>(data))
+                return CYMakeInstance(context, value, Instance::Permanent);
+            else goto null;
 
         case sig::selector_P:
-            if (SEL sel = *reinterpret_cast<SEL *>(data))
-                return CYMakeSelector(context, sel);
+            if (SEL value = *reinterpret_cast<SEL *>(data))
+                return CYMakeSelector(context, value);
             else goto null;
 
         null:
@@ -1519,12 +1586,8 @@ static bool CYImplements(id object, Class _class, SEL selector, bool devoid = fa
     if (objc_method *method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, selector)) {
         if (!devoid)
             return true;
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
         char type[16];
         method_getReturnType(method, type, sizeof(type));
-#else
-        const char *type(method_getTypeEncoding(method));
-#endif
         if (type[0] != 'v')
             return true;
     }
@@ -1533,41 +1596,22 @@ static bool CYImplements(id object, Class _class, SEL selector, bool devoid = fa
     return false;
 }
 
-static const char *CYPoolTypeEncoding(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, SEL sel, objc_method *method) {
-    if (method != NULL)
-        return method_getTypeEncoding(method);
-
-    const char *name(sel_getName(sel));
-    size_t length(strlen(name));
-
-    char keyed[length + 2];
-    keyed[0] = '6';
-    keyed[length + 1] = '\0';
-    memcpy(keyed + 1, name, length);
-
-    if (CYBridgeEntry *entry = CYBridgeHash(keyed, length + 1))
-        return entry->value_;
-
-    return NULL;
-}
-
 static JSValueRef MessageAdapter_(JSContextRef context, size_t count, JSValueRef values[], JSObjectRef function) {
     JSObjectRef _this(CYCastJSObject(context, values[0]));
     return CYCallAsFunction(context, function, _this, count - 2, values + 2);
 }
 
-static void MessageClosure_(ffi_cif *cif, void *result, void **arguments, void *arg) {
-    CYExecuteClosure(cif, result, arguments, arg, &MessageAdapter_);
-}
-
 static JSObjectRef CYMakeMessage(JSContextRef context, SEL sel, IMP imp, const char *type) {
     Message_privateData *internal(new Message_privateData(sel, type, imp));
     return JSObjectMake(context, Message_, internal);
 }
 
-static IMP CYMakeMessage(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, const char *type) {
+static IMP CYMakeMessage(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, const char *encoding) {
     JSObjectRef function(CYCastJSObject(context, value));
-    Closure_privateData *internal(CYMakeFunctor_(context, function, type, &MessageClosure_));
+    CYPool pool;
+    sig::Signature signature;
+    sig::Parse(pool, &signature, encoding, &Structor_);
+    Closure_privateData *internal(CYMakeFunctor_(context, function, signature, &MessageAdapter_));
     // XXX: see notes in Library.cpp about needing to leak
     return reinterpret_cast<IMP>(internal->GetValue());
 }
@@ -1586,7 +1630,7 @@ static bool Messages_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     return false;
 }
 
-static JSValueRef Messages_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Messages_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     Class _class(internal->GetValue());
 
@@ -1598,19 +1642,16 @@ static JSValueRef Messages_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
             return CYMakeMessage(context, sel, method_getImplementation(method), method_getTypeEncoding(method));
 
     return NULL;
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static bool Messages_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static bool Messages_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     Class _class(internal->GetValue());
 
     CYPool pool;
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
-
     SEL sel(sel_registerName(name));
 
-    objc_method *method(class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel));
-
     const char *type;
     IMP imp;
 
@@ -1618,61 +1659,38 @@ static bool Messages_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
         Message_privateData *message(reinterpret_cast<Message_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) value)));
         type = sig::Unparse(pool, &message->signature_);
         imp = reinterpret_cast<IMP>(message->GetValue());
-    } else {
-        type = CYPoolTypeEncoding(pool, context, sel, method);
+    } else if (objc_method *method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel)) {
+        type = method_getTypeEncoding(method);
         imp = CYMakeMessage(context, value, type);
-    }
+    } else _assert(false);
+
+    objc_method *method(NULL);
+    unsigned int size;
+    objc_method **methods(class_copyMethodList(_class, &size));
+    for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
+        if (sel_isEqual(method_getName(methods[i]), sel)) {
+            method = methods[i];
+            break;
+        }
+    free(methods);
 
     if (method != NULL)
         method_setImplementation(method, imp);
-    else {
-#ifdef GNU_RUNTIME
-        GSMethodList list(GSAllocMethodList(1));
-        GSAppendMethodToList(list, sel, type, imp, YES);
-        GSAddMethodList(_class, list, YES);
-        GSFlushMethodCacheForClass(_class);
-#else
+    else
         class_addMethod(_class, sel, imp, type);
-#endif
-    }
 
     return true;
-}
-
-#if 0 && OBJC_API_VERSION < 2
-static bool Messages_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
-    Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    Class _class(internal->GetValue());
-
-    CYPool pool;
-    const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
-
-    if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(name))
-        if (objc_method *method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel)) {
-            objc_method_list list = {NULL, 1, {method}};
-            class_removeMethods(_class, &list);
-            return true;
-        }
-
-    return false;
-}
-#endif
+} CYCatch(false) }
 
 static void Messages_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     Messages *internal(reinterpret_cast<Messages *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     Class _class(internal->GetValue());
 
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
     unsigned int size;
     objc_method **data(class_copyMethodList(_class, &size));
     for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
         JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(sel_getName(method_getName(data[i]))));
     free(data);
-#else
-    for (objc_method_list *methods(_class->methods); methods != NULL; methods = methods->method_next)
-        for (int i(0); i != methods->method_count; ++i)
-            JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(sel_getName(method_getName(&methods->method_list[i]))));
-#endif
 }
 
 static bool CYHasImplicitProperties(Class _class) {
@@ -1707,10 +1725,8 @@ static bool Instance_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
 
     const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, context, name));
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     if (class_getProperty(_class, string) != NULL)
         return true;
-#endif
 
     if (CYHasImplicitProperties(_class))
         if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(string))
@@ -1742,18 +1758,16 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, context, name));
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     if (objc_property_t property = class_getProperty(_class, string)) {
         PropertyAttributes attributes(property);
         SEL sel(sel_registerName(attributes.Getter()));
-        return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 0, NULL, false, exception);
+        return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 0, NULL, false);
     }
-#endif
 
     if (CYHasImplicitProperties(_class))
         if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(string))
             if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel, true))
-                return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 0, NULL, false, exception);
+                return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 0, NULL, false);
 
     return NULL;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
@@ -1775,17 +1789,15 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, context, name));
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     if (objc_property_t property = class_getProperty(_class, string)) {
         PropertyAttributes attributes(property);
         if (const char *setter = attributes.Setter()) {
             SEL sel(sel_registerName(setter));
             JSValueRef arguments[1] = {value};
-            CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 1, arguments, false, exception);
+            CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 1, arguments, false);
             return true;
         }
     }
-#endif
 
     size_t length(strlen(string));
 
@@ -1806,7 +1818,7 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(set))
         if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel)) {
             JSValueRef arguments[1] = {value};
-            CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 1, arguments, false, exception);
+            CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 1, arguments, false);
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -1847,7 +1859,6 @@ static void Instance_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     CYPool pool;
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
     {
         unsigned int size;
         objc_property_t *data(class_copyPropertyList(_class, &size));
@@ -1855,21 +1866,14 @@ static void Instance_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
             JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(property_getName(data[i])));
         free(data);
     }
-#endif
 
     if (CYHasImplicitProperties(_class))
         for (Class current(_class); current != nil; current = class_getSuperclass(current)) {
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
             unsigned int size;
             objc_method **data(class_copyMethodList(current, &size));
             for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
                 Instance_getPropertyNames_message(names, data[i]);
             free(data);
-#else
-            for (objc_method_list *methods(current->methods); methods != NULL; methods = methods->method_next)
-                for (int i(0); i != methods->method_count; ++i)
-                    Instance_getPropertyNames_message(names, &methods->method_list[i]);
-#endif
         }
 
     CYPoolTry {
@@ -1881,46 +1885,41 @@ static void Instance_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
 
 static JSObjectRef Instance_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    JSObjectRef value(Instance::Make(context, [internal->GetValue() alloc], Instance::Uninitialized));
+    JSObjectRef value(CYMakeInstance(context, [internal->GetValue() alloc], Instance::Uninitialized));
     return value;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    id self(internal->GetValue());
-
-    if (![self isKindOfClass:NSBlock_])
-        CYThrow("non-NSBlock object is not a function");
-    // XXX: replace above logic with the following assertion
-    //_assert([self isKindOfClass:NSBlock_]);
-    // to do this, make it so FunctionInstance_ is the class of blocks
-    // to do /that/, generalize the various "is exactly Instance_" checks
-    // then, move Instance_callAsFunction to only be on FunctionInstance
-
+static const char *CYBlockEncoding(NSBlock *self) {
     BlockLiteral *literal(reinterpret_cast<BlockLiteral *>(self));
+    if ((literal->flags & BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE) == 0)
+        return NULL;
+    uint8_t *descriptor(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(literal->descriptor));
+    descriptor += sizeof(BlockDescriptor1);
+    if ((literal->flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) != 0)
+        descriptor += sizeof(BlockDescriptor2);
+    BlockDescriptor3 *descriptor3(reinterpret_cast<BlockDescriptor3 *>(descriptor));
+    return descriptor3->signature;
+}
 
-    if ((literal->flags & BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE) != 0) {
-        uint8_t *descriptor(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(literal->descriptor));
-        descriptor += sizeof(BlockDescriptor1);
-        if ((literal->flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) != 0)
-            descriptor += sizeof(BlockDescriptor2);
-        BlockDescriptor3 *descriptor3(reinterpret_cast<BlockDescriptor3 *>(descriptor));
+static JSValueRef FunctionInstance_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    id self(internal->GetValue());
 
-        if (const char *type = descriptor3->signature) {
-            CYPool pool;
+    if (const char *encoding = CYBlockEncoding(self)) {
+        CYPool pool;
 
-            void *setup[1];
-            setup[0] = &self;
+        void *setup[1];
+        setup[0] = &self;
 
-            sig::Signature signature;
-            sig::Parse(pool, &signature, type, &Structor_);
+        sig::Signature signature;
+        sig::Parse(pool, &signature, encoding, &Structor_);
 
-            ffi_cif cif;
-            sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
+        ffi_cif cif;
+        sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
 
-            void (*function)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(literal->invoke);
-            return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 1, setup, count, arguments, false, exception, &signature, &cif, function);
-        }
+        BlockLiteral *literal(reinterpret_cast<BlockLiteral *>(self));
+        void (*function)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(literal->invoke);
+        return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 1, setup, count, arguments, false, &signature, &cif, function);
     }
 
     if (count != 0)
@@ -1971,6 +1970,24 @@ static bool Internal_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     return false;
 }
 
+static void CYBitField(unsigned &length, unsigned &shift, id self, Ivar ivar, const char *encoding, unsigned offset) {
+    length = CYCastDouble(encoding + 1);
+    shift = 0;
+
+    unsigned int size;
+    objc_ivar **ivars(class_copyIvarList(object_getClass(self), &size));
+    for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
+        if (ivars[i] == ivar)
+            break;
+        else if (ivar_getOffset(ivars[i]) == offset) {
+            const char *encoding(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivars[i]));
+            _assert(encoding != NULL);
+            _assert(encoding[0] == 'b');
+            shift += CYCastDouble(encoding + 1);
+        }
+    free(ivars);
+}
+
 static JSValueRef Internal_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     CYPool pool;
@@ -1979,9 +1996,29 @@ static JSValueRef Internal_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
 
     if (objc_ivar *ivar = object_getInstanceVariable(self, name, NULL)) {
-        Type_privateData type(pool, ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
-        // XXX: if this fails and throws an exception the person we are throwing it to gets the wrong exception
-        return CYFromFFI(context, type.type_, type.GetFFI(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + ivar_getOffset(ivar));
+        ptrdiff_t offset(ivar_getOffset(ivar));
+        void *data(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + offset);
+
+        const char *encoding(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
+        _assert(encoding != NULL);
+        _assert(encoding[0] != '\0');
+        if (encoding[0] == 'b') {
+            unsigned length, shift;
+            CYBitField(length, shift, self, ivar, encoding, offset);
+            _assert(shift + length <= sizeof(uintptr_t) * 8);
+            uintptr_t &field(*reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t *>(data));
+            uintptr_t mask((1 << length) - 1);
+            return CYCastJSValue(context, (field >> shift) & mask);
+        } else {
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__LP64__)
+            // XXX: maybe do even more verifications here
+            if (strcmp(name, "isa") == 0)
+                return CYCastJSValue(context, object_getClass(self));
+#endif
+
+            auto type(new(pool) Type_privateData(encoding));
+            return CYFromFFI(context, type->type_, type->GetFFI(), data);
+        }
     }
 
     return NULL;
@@ -1995,9 +2032,23 @@ static bool Internal_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
 
     if (objc_ivar *ivar = object_getInstanceVariable(self, name, NULL)) {
-        Type_privateData type(pool, ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
-        CYPoolFFI(&pool, context, type.type_, type.GetFFI(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + ivar_getOffset(ivar), value);
-        return true;
+        ptrdiff_t offset(ivar_getOffset(ivar));
+        void *data(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + offset);
+
+        const char *encoding(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar));
+        _assert(encoding != NULL);
+        if (encoding[0] == 'b') {
+            unsigned length, shift;
+            CYBitField(length, shift, self, ivar, encoding, offset);
+            _assert(shift + length <= sizeof(uintptr_t) * 8);
+            uintptr_t &field(*reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t *>(data));
+            uintptr_t mask((1 << length) - 1);
+            field = field & ~(mask << shift) | (uintptr_t(CYCastDouble(context, value)) & mask) << shift;
+        } else {
+            auto type(new(pool) Type_privateData(ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar)));
+            CYPoolFFI(&pool, context, type->type_, type->GetFFI(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self) + ivar_getOffset(ivar), value);
+            return true;
+        }
     }
 
     return false;
@@ -2007,17 +2058,11 @@ static void Internal_getPropertyNames_(Class _class, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRe
     if (Class super = class_getSuperclass(_class))
         Internal_getPropertyNames_(super, names);
 
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
     unsigned int size;
     objc_ivar **data(class_copyIvarList(_class, &size));
     for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
         JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(ivar_getName(data[i])));
     free(data);
-#else
-    if (objc_ivar_list *ivars = _class->ivars)
-        for (int i(0); i != ivars->ivar_count; ++i)
-            JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(ivar_getName(&ivars->ivar_list[i])));
-#endif
 }
 
 static void Internal_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
@@ -2030,47 +2075,56 @@ static void Internal_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     Internal_getPropertyNames_(_class, names);
 }
 
-static JSValueRef Internal_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Internal_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     return internal->GetOwner();
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static bool ObjectiveC_Classes_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
+    CYPool pool;
+    return objc_getClass(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property)) != Nil;
 }
 
 static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
     NSString *name(CYCastNSString(&pool, context, property));
     if (Class _class = NSClassFromString(name))
-        return CYMakeInstance(context, _class, true);
+        return CYMakeInstance(context, _class, Instance::Permanent);
     return NULL;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static void ObjectiveC_Classes_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-    size_t size(objc_getClassList(NULL, 0));
+static Class *CYCopyClassList(size_t &size) {
+    size = objc_getClassList(NULL, 0);
     Class *data(reinterpret_cast<Class *>(malloc(sizeof(Class) * size)));
 
-  get:
-    size_t writ(objc_getClassList(data, size));
-    if (size < writ) {
+    for (;;) {
+        size_t writ(objc_getClassList(data, size));
+        if (writ <= size) {
+            size = writ;
+            return data;
+        }
+
+        Class *copy(reinterpret_cast<Class *>(realloc(data, sizeof(Class) * writ)));
+        if (copy == NULL) {
+            free(data);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        data = copy;
         size = writ;
-        if (Class *copy = reinterpret_cast<Class *>(realloc(data, sizeof(Class) * writ))) {
-            data = copy;
-            goto get;
-        } else goto done;
     }
+}
 
-    for (size_t i(0); i != writ; ++i)
-        JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(class_getName(data[i])));
-
-  done:
-    free(data);
-#else
-    void *state(NULL);
-    while (Class _class = objc_next_class(&state))
-        JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(class_getName(_class)));
-#endif
+static void ObjectiveC_Classes_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
+    size_t size;
+    if (Class *data = CYCopyClassList(size)) {
+        for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
+            JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(class_getName(data[i])));
+        free(data);
+    }
 }
 
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
+#ifdef __APPLE__
 static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     const char *internal(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
 
@@ -2082,7 +2136,7 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSO
     for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
         if (strcmp(name, data[i]) == 0) {
             if (Class _class = objc_getClass(name)) {
-                value = CYMakeInstance(context, _class, true);
+                value = CYMakeInstance(context, _class, Instance::Permanent);
                 goto free;
             } else
                 break;
@@ -2104,22 +2158,20 @@ static void ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSOb
 
 static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Images_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
-    const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
+    CYUTF8String name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
+
     unsigned int size;
     const char **data(objc_copyImageNames(&size));
+    pool.atexit(free, data);
+
     for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
-        if (strcmp(name, data[i]) == 0) {
-            name = data[i];
-            goto free;
+        if (name == data[i]) {
+            JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
+            CYSetProperty(context, value, CYJSString("classes"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_, const_cast<char *>(data[i])));
+            return value;
         }
-    name = NULL;
-  free:
-    free(data);
-    if (name == NULL)
-        return NULL;
-    JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
-    CYSetProperty(context, value, CYJSString("classes"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_, const_cast<char *>(name)));
-    return value;
+
+    return NULL;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Images_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
@@ -2135,27 +2187,23 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Protocols_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjec
     CYPool pool;
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, property));
     if (Protocol *protocol = objc_getProtocol(name))
-        return CYMakeInstance(context, protocol, true);
+        return CYMakeInstance(context, protocol, Instance::Permanent);
     return NULL;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Protocols_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
     unsigned int size;
     Protocol **data(objc_copyProtocolList(&size));
     for (size_t i(0); i != size; ++i)
         JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString(protocol_getName(data[i])));
     free(data);
-#else
-    // XXX: fix this!
-#endif
 }
 
 static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Constants_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
     CYUTF8String name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
     if (name == "nil")
-        return Instance::Make(context, nil);
+        return CYJSNull(context);
     return NULL;
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
@@ -2163,6 +2211,104 @@ static void ObjectiveC_Constants_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObject
     JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString("nil"));
 }
 
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+static kern_return_t CYReadMemory(task_t task, vm_address_t address, vm_size_t size, void **data) {
+    *data = reinterpret_cast<void *>(address);
+    return KERN_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+struct CYChoice {
+    std::set<Class> query_;
+    JSContextRef context_;
+    JSObjectRef results_;
+};
+
+struct CYObjectStruct {
+    Class isa_;
+};
+
+static void choose_(task_t task, void *baton, unsigned type, vm_range_t *ranges, unsigned count) {
+    CYChoice *choice(reinterpret_cast<CYChoice *>(baton));
+    JSContextRef context(choice->context_);
+
+    for (unsigned i(0); i != count; ++i) {
+        vm_range_t &range(ranges[i]);
+        void *data(reinterpret_cast<void *>(range.address));
+        size_t size(range.size);
+
+        if (size < sizeof(CYObjectStruct))
+            continue;
+
+        uintptr_t *pointers(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t *>(data));
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__LP64__)
+        Class isa(reinterpret_cast<Class>(pointers[0] & 0x1fffffff8));
+#else
+        Class isa(reinterpret_cast<Class>(pointers[0]));
+#endif
+
+        std::set<Class>::const_iterator result(choice->query_.find(isa));
+        if (result == choice->query_.end())
+            continue;
+
+        size_t needed(class_getInstanceSize(*result));
+        // XXX: if (size < needed)
+
+        size_t boundary(496);
+#ifdef __LP64__
+        boundary *= 2;
+#endif
+        if (needed <= boundary && (needed + 15) / 16 * 16 != size || needed > boundary && (needed + 511) / 512 * 512 != size)
+            continue;
+        CYArrayPush(context, choice->results_, CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<id>(data)));
+    }
+}
+
+static JSValueRef choose(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    if (count != 1)
+        throw CYJSError(context, "choose() takes a class argument");
+
+    CYGarbageCollect(context);
+
+    CYPool pool;
+    id _class(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, arguments[0]));
+
+    vm_address_t *zones(NULL);
+    unsigned size(0);
+    kern_return_t error(malloc_get_all_zones(0, &CYReadMemory, &zones, &size));
+    _assert(error == KERN_SUCCESS);
+
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array")));
+    JSObjectRef results(_jsccall(JSObjectCallAsConstructor, context, Array, 0, NULL));
+
+    CYChoice choice;
+    choice.context_ = context;
+    choice.results_ = results;
+
+    size_t number;
+    Class *classes(CYCopyClassList(number));
+    _assert(classes != NULL);
+
+    for (size_t i(0); i != number; ++i)
+        for (Class current(classes[i]); current != Nil; current = class_getSuperclass(current))
+            if (current == _class) {
+                choice.query_.insert(classes[i]);
+                break;
+            }
+
+    free(classes);
+
+    for (unsigned i(0); i != size; ++i) {
+        const malloc_zone_t *zone(reinterpret_cast<const malloc_zone_t *>(zones[i]));
+        if (zone == NULL || zone->introspect == NULL)
+            continue;
+
+        zone->introspect->enumerator(mach_task_self(), &choice, MALLOC_PTR_IN_USE_RANGE_TYPE, zones[i], &CYReadMemory, &choose_);
+    }
+
+    return results;
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
 #define OBJC_MAX_STRUCT_BY_VALUE 8
@@ -2172,10 +2318,13 @@ static int struct_forward_array[] = {
 #define OBJC_MAX_STRUCT_BY_VALUE 1
 static int struct_forward_array[] = {
     0, 0 };
+#elif defined(__arm64__)
+#define CY_NO_STRET
 #else
 #error missing objc-runtime-info
 #endif
 
+#ifndef CY_NO_STRET
 static bool stret(ffi_type *ffi_type) {
     return ffi_type->type == FFI_TYPE_STRUCT && (
         ffi_type->size > OBJC_MAX_STRUCT_BY_VALUE ||
@@ -2183,8 +2332,11 @@ static bool stret(ffi_type *ffi_type) {
     );
 }
 #endif
+#else
+#define CY_NO_STRET
+#endif
 
-JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class _class, SEL _cmd, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class _class, SEL _cmd, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize) {
     const char *type;
 
     if (_class == NULL)
@@ -2199,11 +2351,14 @@ JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class _cla
         imp = NULL;
 
         CYPoolTry {
-            NSMethodSignature *method([self methodSignatureForSelector:_cmd]);
-            if (method == nil)
-                throw CYJSError(context, "unrecognized selector %s sent to object %p", sel_getName(_cmd), self);
-            type = CYPoolCString(pool, context, [method _typeString]);
+            if (NSMethodSignature *method = [self methodSignatureForSelector:_cmd])
+                type = CYPoolCString(pool, context, [method _typeString]);
+            else
+                type = NULL;
         } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
+
+        if (type == NULL)
+            throw CYJSError(context, "unrecognized selector %s sent to object %p", sel_getName(_cmd), self);
     }
 
     void *setup[2];
@@ -2237,22 +2392,19 @@ JSValueRef CYSendMessage(CYPool &pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class _cla
     sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
 
     if (imp == NULL) {
-#ifdef __APPLE__
+#ifndef CY_NO_STRET
         if (stret(cif.rtype))
             imp = class_getMethodImplementation_stret(_class, _cmd);
         else
-            imp = class_getMethodImplementation(_class, _cmd);
-#else
-        objc_super super = {self, _class};
-        imp = objc_msg_lookup_super(&super, _cmd);
 #endif
+            imp = class_getMethodImplementation(_class, _cmd);
     }
 
     void (*function)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(imp);
-    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, initialize, exception, &signature, &cif, function);
-} CYCatch(NULL) }
+    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, initialize, &signature, &cif, function);
+}
 
-static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[]) {
     if (count < 2)
         throw CYJSError(context, "too few arguments to objc_msgSend");
 
@@ -2287,18 +2439,22 @@ static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObje
 
     _cmd = CYCastSEL(context, arguments[1]);
 
-    return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, _class, _cmd, count - 2, arguments + 2, uninitialized, exception);
+    return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, _class, _cmd, count - 2, arguments + 2, uninitialized);
+}
+
+static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    return $objc_msgSend(context, object, _this, count, arguments);
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     JSValueRef setup[count + 2];
     setup[0] = _this;
     setup[1] = object;
     memcpy(setup + 2, arguments, sizeof(JSValueRef) * count);
-    return $objc_msgSend(context, NULL, NULL, count + 2, setup, exception);
-}
+    return $objc_msgSend(context, NULL, NULL, count + 2, setup);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Message_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Message_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYPool pool;
     Message_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Message_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
 
@@ -2309,12 +2465,12 @@ static JSValueRef Message_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef objec
     setup[0] = &self;
     setup[1] = &internal->sel_;
 
-    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, false, exception, &internal->signature_, &internal->cif_, internal->GetValue());
-}
+    return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, false, &internal->signature_, &internal->cif_, internal->GetValue());
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef Super_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 2)
-        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Super constructor");
+        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to objc_super constructor");
     CYPool pool;
     id self(CYCastNSObject(&pool, context, arguments[0]));
     Class _class(CYCastClass(pool, context, arguments[1]));
@@ -2333,15 +2489,15 @@ static JSObjectRef Instance_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t
     if (count > 1)
         throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Instance constructor");
     id self(count == 0 ? nil : CYCastPointer<id>(context, arguments[0]));
-    return CYMakeInstance(context, self, false);
+    return CYMakeInstance(context, self);
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef CYValue_getProperty_value(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef CYValue_getProperty_value(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYValue *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYValue *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(internal->value_));
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     CYValue *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYValue *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     Type_privateData *typical(internal->GetType());
 
@@ -2357,12 +2513,24 @@ static JSValueRef CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     }
 
     return CYMakePointer(context, &internal->value_, _not(size_t), type, ffi, object);
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_constructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef FunctionInstance_getProperty_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
-    return Instance::Make(context, (id) object_getClass(internal->GetValue()));
-}
+    const char *encoding(CYBlockEncoding(internal->GetValue()));
+    if (encoding == NULL)
+        return CYJSNull(context);
+    // XXX: this should be stored on a FunctionInstance private value subclass
+    CYPool pool;
+    sig::Signature signature;
+    sig::Parse(pool, &signature, encoding, &Structor_);
+    return CYMakeType(context, &signature);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_constructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    return CYMakeInstance(context, object_getClass(internal->GetValue()), Instance::Permanent);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_prototype(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -2372,20 +2540,22 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_prototype(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
     return CYGetClassPrototype(context, self);
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
-static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_messages(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
+static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_messages(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     id self(internal->GetValue());
     if (!CYIsClass(self))
         return CYJSUndefined(context);
     return Messages::Make(context, (Class) self);
-}
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    std::set<void *> *objects(CYCastObjects(context, _this, count, arguments));
+
     if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
         return NULL;
 
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
-    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, CYCastNSCYON(internal->GetValue(), false)));
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, CYCastNSCYON(internal->GetValue(), false, objects)));
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
@@ -2417,6 +2587,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_valueOf(JSContextRef context, JSObject
 
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     id value(internal->GetValue());
+    _assert(value != nil);
 
     if (![value respondsToSelector:@selector(cy$valueOfInContext:)])
         return _this;
@@ -2459,16 +2630,11 @@ static JSValueRef Class_callAsFunction_pointerTo(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
     if (!CYIsClass(value))
         CYThrow("non-Class object cannot be used as Type");
 
-    // XXX: this is a very silly implementation
-
-    std::ostringstream type;
-    type << "@\"";
-    type << class_getName(value);
-    type << "\"";
-
-    CYPoolTry {
-        return CYMakeType(context, type.str().c_str());
-    } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
+    sig::Type type;
+    memset(&type, 0, sizeof(type));
+    type.primitive = sig::object_P;
+    type.name = class_getName(value);
+    return CYMakeType(context, &type);
 } CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
@@ -2498,16 +2664,13 @@ static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     Selector_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     SEL sel(internal->GetValue());
 
-    objc_method *method;
-    if (Class _class = CYCastClass(pool, context, arguments[0]))
-        method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel);
-    else
-        method = NULL;
-
-    if (const char *type = CYPoolTypeEncoding(pool, context, sel, method))
-        return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(type));
+    Class _class(_require(CYCastClass(pool, context, arguments[0])));
+    objc_method *method(_require(class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel)));
+    const char *encoding(method_getTypeEncoding(method));
 
-    return CYJSNull(context);
+    sig::Signature signature;
+    sig::Parse(pool, &signature, encoding, &Structor_);
+    return CYMakeType(context, &signature);
 } CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSStaticValue Selector_staticValues[2] = {
@@ -2515,6 +2678,7 @@ static JSStaticValue Selector_staticValues[2] = {
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
+// XXX: this is sadly duplicated in FunctionInstance_staticValues
 static JSStaticValue Instance_staticValues[5] = {
     {"constructor", &Instance_getProperty_constructor, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"messages", &Instance_getProperty_messages, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
@@ -2523,6 +2687,16 @@ static JSStaticValue Instance_staticValues[5] = {
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
+static JSStaticValue FunctionInstance_staticValues[6] = {
+    {"type", &FunctionInstance_getProperty_type, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    // XXX: this is sadly a duplicate of Instance_staticValues
+    {"constructor", &Instance_getProperty_constructor, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"messages", &Instance_getProperty_messages, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"prototype", &Instance_getProperty_prototype, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"value", &CYValue_getProperty_value, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
+
 static JSStaticFunction Instance_staticFunctions[7] = {
     {"$cya", &CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"toCYON", &Instance_callAsFunction_toCYON, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
@@ -2552,41 +2726,40 @@ static JSStaticFunction Selector_staticFunctions[5] = {
 };
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-JSValueRef NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$(id self, SEL sel, JSValueRef key, JSContextRef context) { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+JSValueRef NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$(id self, SEL sel, JSValueRef key, JSContextRef context) { CYObjectiveTry_ {
     return CYCastJSValue(context, [(NSString *) CFCopyDescription((CFTypeRef) self) autorelease]);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 #endif
 
 void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
-    $objc_setAssociatedObject = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(id, void *, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_setAssociatedObject"));
-    $objc_getAssociatedObject = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, void *)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_getAssociatedObject"));
-    $objc_removeAssociatedObjects = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(id)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_removeAssociatedObjects"));
-
     CYPool &pool(CYGetGlobalPool());
 
-    Object_type = new(pool) Type_privateData("@");
-    Selector_type = new(pool) Type_privateData(":");
+    Object_type = new(pool) Type_privateData(sig::object_P);
+    Selector_type = new(pool) Type_privateData(sig::selector_P);
+
+    NSArray_ = objc_getClass("NSArray");
+    NSBlock_ = objc_getClass("NSBlock");
+    NSDictionary_ = objc_getClass("NSDictionary");
+    NSNumber_ = objc_getClass("NSNumber");
+    NSString_ = objc_getClass("NSString");
+    Object_ = objc_getClass("Object");
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
+    __NSMallocBlock__ = objc_getClass("__NSMallocBlock__");
+
     // XXX: apparently, iOS now has both of these
     NSCFBoolean_ = objc_getClass("__NSCFBoolean");
     if (NSCFBoolean_ == nil)
         NSCFBoolean_ = objc_getClass("NSCFBoolean");
 
     NSCFType_ = objc_getClass("NSCFType");
-    NSGenericDeallocHandler_ = objc_getClass("__NSGenericDeallocHandler");
-    NSMessageBuilder_ = objc_getClass("NSMessageBuilder");
+
     NSZombie_ = objc_getClass("_NSZombie_");
 #else
     NSBoolNumber_ = objc_getClass("NSBoolNumber");
+    NSZombie_ = objc_getClass("NSZombie");
 #endif
 
-    NSArray_ = objc_getClass("NSArray");
-    NSBlock_ = objc_getClass("NSBlock");
-    NSDictionary_ = objc_getClass("NSDictionary");
-    NSString_ = objc_getClass("NSString");
-    Object_ = objc_getClass("Object");
-
     JSClassDefinition definition;
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
@@ -2599,7 +2772,6 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.deleteProperty = &Instance_deleteProperty;
     definition.getPropertyNames = &Instance_getPropertyNames;
     definition.callAsConstructor = &Instance_callAsConstructor;
-    definition.callAsFunction = &Instance_callAsFunction;
     definition.hasInstance = &Instance_hasInstance;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
     Instance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -2607,8 +2779,11 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.className = "ArrayInstance";
     ArrayInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
-    definition.className = "FunctionInstance";
-    FunctionInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+    definition.className = "BooleanInstance";
+    BooleanInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+    definition.className = "NumberInstance";
+    NumberInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
     definition.className = "ObjectInstance";
     ObjectInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -2616,6 +2791,11 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.className = "StringInstance";
     StringInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
+    definition.className = "FunctionInstance";
+    definition.staticValues = FunctionInstance_staticValues;
+    definition.callAsFunction = &FunctionInstance_callAsFunction;
+    FunctionInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Class";
     definition.staticFunctions = Class_staticFunctions;
@@ -2634,6 +2814,7 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Message";
     definition.staticFunctions = cy::Functor::StaticFunctions;
+    definition.staticValues = cy::Functor::StaticValues;
     definition.callAsFunction = &Message_callAsFunction;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
     Message_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -2643,9 +2824,6 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.hasProperty = &Messages_hasProperty;
     definition.getProperty = &Messages_getProperty;
     definition.setProperty = &Messages_setProperty;
-#if 0 && OBJC_API_VERSION < 2
-    definition.deleteProperty = &Messages_deleteProperty;
-#endif
     definition.getPropertyNames = &Messages_getPropertyNames;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
     Messages_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -2666,6 +2844,7 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
 
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "ObjectiveC::Classes";
+    definition.hasProperty = &ObjectiveC_Classes_hasProperty;
     definition.getProperty = &ObjectiveC_Classes_getProperty;
     definition.getPropertyNames = &ObjectiveC_Classes_getPropertyNames;
     ObjectiveC_Classes_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
@@ -2676,7 +2855,7 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.getPropertyNames = &ObjectiveC_Constants_getPropertyNames;
     ObjectiveC_Constants_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
+#ifdef __APPLE__
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "ObjectiveC::Images";
     definition.getProperty = &ObjectiveC_Images_getProperty;
@@ -2697,7 +2876,14 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     ObjectiveC_Protocols_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-    class_addMethod(NSCFType_, @selector(cy$toJSON:inContext:), reinterpret_cast<IMP>(&NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$), "^{OpaqueJSValue=}16@0:4@8^{OpaqueJSContext=}12");
+    class_addMethod(NSCFType_, @selector(cy$toJSON:inContext:), reinterpret_cast<IMP>(&NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$),
+        // XXX: this is horrible; there has to be a better way to do this
+    #ifdef __LP64__
+        "^{OpaqueJSValue=}32@0:8@16^{OpaqueJSContext=}24"
+    #else
+        "^{OpaqueJSValue=}16@0:4@8^{OpaqueJSContext=}12"
+    #endif
+    );
 #endif
 } CYPoolCatch() }
 
@@ -2723,7 +2909,7 @@ void CYObjectiveC_SetupContext(JSContextRef context) { CYPoolTry {
     CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC, CYJSString("constants"), constants);
     CYArrayPush(context, alls, constants);
 
-#if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
+#ifdef __APPLE__
     CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC, CYJSString("images"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Images_, NULL));
 #endif
 
@@ -2740,48 +2926,69 @@ void CYObjectiveC_SetupContext(JSContextRef context) { CYPoolTry {
     JSObjectRef ArrayInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, ArrayInstance, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("ArrayInstance_prototype"), ArrayInstance_prototype);
     JSObjectRef Array_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, ArrayInstance_prototype, Array_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, ArrayInstance_prototype, Array_prototype);
+
+    JSObjectRef BooleanInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, BooleanInstance_, NULL));
+    JSObjectRef BooleanInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, BooleanInstance, prototype_s)));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("BooleanInstance_prototype"), BooleanInstance_prototype);
+    JSObjectRef Boolean_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Boolean_prototype")));
+    CYSetPrototype(context, BooleanInstance_prototype, Boolean_prototype);
 
     JSObjectRef FunctionInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, FunctionInstance_, NULL));
     JSObjectRef FunctionInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, FunctionInstance, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("FunctionInstance_prototype"), FunctionInstance_prototype);
     JSObjectRef Function_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Function_prototype")));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, FunctionInstance_prototype, Function_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, FunctionInstance_prototype, Function_prototype);
+
+    JSObjectRef NumberInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, NumberInstance_, NULL));
+    JSObjectRef NumberInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, NumberInstance, prototype_s)));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("NumberInstance_prototype"), NumberInstance_prototype);
+    JSObjectRef Number_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Number_prototype")));
+    CYSetPrototype(context, NumberInstance_prototype, Number_prototype);
 
     JSObjectRef ObjectInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, ObjectInstance_, NULL));
     JSObjectRef ObjectInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, ObjectInstance, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("ObjectInstance_prototype"), ObjectInstance_prototype);
     JSObjectRef Object_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Object_prototype")));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, ObjectInstance_prototype, Object_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, ObjectInstance_prototype, Object_prototype);
 
     JSObjectRef StringInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, StringInstance_, NULL));
     JSObjectRef StringInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, StringInstance, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("StringInstance_prototype"), StringInstance_prototype);
     JSObjectRef String_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("String_prototype")));
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, StringInstance_prototype, String_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, StringInstance_prototype, String_prototype);
 
     JSObjectRef Class_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Class, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Class_prototype"), Class_prototype);
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, Class_prototype, Instance_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, Class_prototype, Instance_prototype);
 
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Instance"), Instance);
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Selector"), Selector);
-    CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Super"), Super);
+    CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("objc_super"), Super);
 
     JSObjectRef box(JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYJSString("box"), &Instance_box_callAsFunction));
-    CYSetProperty(context, Instance, CYJSString("box"), box);
+    CYSetProperty(context, Instance, CYJSString("box"), box, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__arm__) && 0
-    CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("objc_registerClassPair"), &objc_registerClassPair_, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("choose"), &choose, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 #endif
 
     CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("objc_msgSend"), &$objc_msgSend, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Message, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);
-    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Selector, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Message, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);
+    CYSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Selector, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);
 } CYPoolCatch() }
 
-static CYHooks CYObjectiveCHooks = {
+static void *CYObjectiveC_CastSymbol(const char *name) {
+    if (false);
+#ifdef __GNU_LIBOBJC__
+    else if (strcmp(name, "object_getClass") == 0)
+        return reinterpret_cast<void *>(&object_getClass);
+#endif
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static CYHook CYObjectiveCHook = {
     &CYObjectiveC_ExecuteStart,
     &CYObjectiveC_ExecuteEnd,
     &CYObjectiveC_CallFunction,
@@ -2789,12 +2996,30 @@ static CYHooks CYObjectiveCHooks = {
     &CYObjectiveC_SetupContext,
     &CYObjectiveC_PoolFFI,
     &CYObjectiveC_FromFFI,
+    &CYObjectiveC_CastSymbol,
 };
 
-struct CYObjectiveC {
-    CYObjectiveC() {
-        hooks_ = &CYObjectiveCHooks;
-        // XXX: evil magic juju to make this actually take effect on a Mac when compiled with autoconf/libtool doom!
-        _assert(hooks_ != NULL);
-    }
-} CYObjectiveC;
+CYRegisterHook CYObjectiveC(&CYObjectiveCHook);
+
+_extern void CydgetSetupContext(JSGlobalContextRef context) { CYObjectiveTry_ {
+    CYSetupContext(context);
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
+
+_extern void CydgetMemoryParse(const uint16_t **data, size_t *size) { try {
+    CYPool pool;
+
+    CYUTF8String utf8(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, CYUTF16String(*data, *size)));
+    CYStream stream(utf8.data, utf8.data + utf8.size);
+    utf8 = CYPoolCode(pool, stream);
+
+    CYUTF16String utf16(CYPoolUTF16String(pool, CYUTF8String(utf8.data, utf8.size)));
+    size_t bytes(utf16.size * sizeof(uint16_t));
+    uint16_t *copy(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(malloc(bytes)));
+    memcpy(copy, utf16.data, bytes);
+
+    *data = copy;
+    *size = utf16.size;
+} catch (const CYException &exception) {
+    CYPool pool;
+    @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s", exception.PoolCString(pool)] userInfo:nil];
+} }