X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/11c1cc16b7cda02473081cc398195484a1ab82f2..142cb9e3c2eaba94e04b43f66178f5c4439bd1a8:/Output.cpp

diff --git a/Output.cpp b/Output.cpp
index b878068..d1d033c 100644
--- a/Output.cpp
+++ b/Output.cpp
@@ -1,146 +1,170 @@
+/* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2013  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+*/
+
+/* GNU General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
+/*
+ * Cycript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Cycript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Cycript.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+**/
+/* }}} */
+
+#include "cycript.hpp"
 #include "Parser.hpp"
 
-#include <iostream>
-#include <iomanip>
-
-#include <objc/runtime.h>
 #include <sstream>
 
-_finline CYFlags operator ~(CYFlags rhs) {
-    return static_cast<CYFlags>(~static_cast<unsigned>(rhs));
-}
-
-_finline CYFlags operator &(CYFlags lhs, CYFlags rhs) {
-    return static_cast<CYFlags>(static_cast<unsigned>(lhs) & static_cast<unsigned>(rhs));
-}
-
-_finline CYFlags operator |(CYFlags lhs, CYFlags rhs) {
-    return static_cast<CYFlags>(static_cast<unsigned>(lhs) | static_cast<unsigned>(rhs));
-}
-
-_finline CYFlags &operator |=(CYFlags &lhs, CYFlags rhs) {
-    return lhs = lhs | rhs;
-}
-
-_finline CYFlags CYLeft(CYFlags flags) {
-    return flags & ~CYNoTrailer;
-}
-
-_finline CYFlags CYCenter(CYFlags flags) {
-    return flags & CYNoIn;
-}
-
-_finline CYFlags CYRight(CYFlags flags) {
-    return flags & (CYNoIn | CYNoTrailer | CYNoTerminator);
-}
-
-#define CYPA 16
-
-void OutputBody(CYOutput &out, CYStatement *body) {
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '{';
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << '\n';
-    ++out.indent_;
-    if (body != NULL)
-        body->Multiple(out);
-    --out.indent_;
-    out.Indent();
-    out << '}';
-}
+void CYOutput::Terminate() {
+    out_ << ';';
+    mode_ = NoMode;
+}
+
+CYOutput &CYOutput::operator <<(char rhs) {
+    if (rhs == ' ' || rhs == '\n')
+        if (pretty_)
+            out_ << rhs;
+        else goto done;
+    else if (rhs == '\t')
+        if (pretty_)
+            for (unsigned i(0); i != indent_; ++i)
+                out_ << "    ";
+        else goto done;
+    else if (rhs == '\r') {
+        if (right_) {
+            out_ << '\n';
+            right_ = false;
+        } goto done;
+    } else goto work;
+
+    right_ = true;
+    mode_ = NoMode;
+    goto done;
+
+  work:
+    if (mode_ == Terminated && rhs != '}') {
+        right_ = true;
+        out_ << ';';
+    }
 
-void CYOutput::Indent() {
-    if (pretty_)
-        for (unsigned i(0); i != indent_; ++i)
-            out_ << "    ";
-}
+    if (rhs == ';') {
+        if (pretty_)
+            goto none;
+        else {
+            mode_ = Terminated;
+            goto done;
+        }
+    } else if (rhs == '+') {
+        if (mode_ == NoPlus)
+            out_ << ' ';
+        mode_ = NoPlus;
+    } else if (rhs == '-') {
+        if (mode_ == NoHyphen)
+            out_ << ' ';
+        mode_ = NoHyphen;
+    } else if (WordEndRange_[rhs]) {
+        if (mode_ == NoLetter)
+            out_ << ' ';
+        mode_ = NoLetter;
+    } else none:
+        mode_ = NoMode;
+
+    right_ = true;
+    out_ << rhs;
+  done:
+    return *this;
+}
+
+CYOutput &CYOutput::operator <<(const char *rhs) {
+    size_t size(strlen(rhs));
+
+    if (size == 1)
+        return *this << *rhs;
+
+    if (mode_ == Terminated)
+        out_ << ';';
+    else if (
+        mode_ == NoPlus && *rhs == '+' ||
+        mode_ == NoHyphen && *rhs == '-' ||
+        mode_ == NoLetter && WordEndRange_[*rhs]
+    )
+        out_ << ' ';
+
+    if (WordEndRange_[rhs[size - 1]])
+        mode_ = NoLetter;
+    else
+        mode_ = NoMode;
 
-void CYAddressOf::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    rhs_->Output(out, 1, CYLeft(flags));
-    out << ".$cya()";
+    right_ = true;
+    out_ << rhs;
+    return *this;
 }
 
 void CYArgument::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
     if (name_ != NULL) {
         out << *name_;
-        if (value_ != NULL) {
-            out << ':';
-            if (out.pretty_)
-                out << ' ';
-        }
+        if (value_ != NULL)
+            out << ':' << ' ';
     }
     if (value_ != NULL)
-        value_->Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
+        value_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYNoFlags);
     if (next_ != NULL) {
-        if (next_->name_ != NULL)
-            out << ' ';
-        else {
+        if (next_->name_ == NULL)
             out << ',';
-            if (out.pretty_)
-                out << ' ';
-        }
-        next_->Output(out);
+        out << ' ' << *next_;
     }
 }
 
 void CYArray::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    out << '[';
-    if (elements_ != NULL)
-        elements_->Output(out);
-    out << ']';
+    out << '[' << elements_ << ']';
 }
 
 void CYArrayComprehension::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    // XXX: I don't necc. need the ()s
-    out << "(function($cyv";
-    for (CYComprehension *comprehension(comprehensions_); comprehension != NULL; comprehension = comprehension->next_)
-        if (const char *name = comprehension->Name())
-            out << ',' << name;
-    out << "){";
-    out << "$cyv=[];";
-    comprehensions_->Output(out);
-    out << "$cyv.push(";
-    expression_->Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ");";
-    for (CYComprehension *comprehension(comprehensions_); comprehension != NULL; comprehension = comprehension->next_)
-        comprehension->End_(out);
-    out << "return $cyv;";
-    out << "}())";
+    out << '[' << *expression_ << ' ' << *comprehensions_ << ']';
 }
 
 void CYAssignment::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     lhs_->Output(out, Precedence() - 1, CYLeft(flags) | CYNoRightHand);
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << Operator();
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
+    out << ' ' << Operator() << ' ';
     rhs_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYRight(flags));
 }
 
+void CYBlock::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    if (statements_ != NULL)
+        statements_->Multiple(out);
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
+}
+
 void CYBlock::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    statements_->Single(out, flags);
+    if (statements_ == NULL)
+        out.Terminate();
+    else if (statements_->next_ == NULL)
+        statements_->Single(out, flags);
+    else
+        Output(out);
 }
 
 void CYBoolean::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << (Value() ? "true" : "false");
-    if ((flags & CYNoTrailer) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
 }
 
 void CYBreak::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << "break";
     if (label_ != NULL)
         out << ' ' << *label_;
-    if ((flags & CYNoTerminator) == 0)
-        out << ';';
-    else if ((flags & CYNoTrailer) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
+    out << ';';
 }
 
 void CYCall::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
@@ -148,71 +172,25 @@ void CYCall::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     if (protect)
         out << '(';
     function_->Output(out, Precedence(), protect ? CYNoFlags : flags);
-    out << '(';
-    if (arguments_ != NULL)
-        arguments_->Output(out);
-    out << ')';
+    out << '(' << arguments_ << ')';
     if (protect)
         out << ')';
 }
 
-void CYCatch::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
-    out << "catch";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '(' << *name_ << ')';
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '{';
-    if (code_ != NULL)
-        code_->Multiple(out);
-    out << '}';
-}
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
 
-void CYCategory::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    out << "(function($cys,$cyp,$cyc,$cyn,$cyt){";
-    out << "$cyp=object_getClass($cys);";
-    out << "$cyc=$cys;";
-    if (messages_ != NULL)
-        messages_->Output(out, true);
-    out << "})(";
-    name_->ClassName(out, true);
-    out << ')';
-    if ((flags & CYNoTerminator) == 0)
-        out << ';';
+void Catch::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << ' ' << "catch" << ' ' << '(' << *name_ << ')' << ' ' << code_;
 }
 
-void CYClass::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    // XXX: I don't necc. need the ()s
-    out << "(function($cys,$cyp,$cyc,$cyn,$cyt,$cym){";
-    out << "$cyp=object_getClass($cys);";
-    out << "$cyc=objc_allocateClassPair($cys,";
-    if (name_ != NULL)
-        name_->ClassName(out, false);
-    else
-        out << "$cyq(\"CY$\")";
-    out << ",0);";
-    out << "$cym=object_getClass($cyc);";
-    if (fields_ != NULL)
-        fields_->Output(out);
-    if (messages_ != NULL)
-        messages_->Output(out, false);
-    out << "objc_registerClassPair($cyc);";
-    out << "return $cyc;";
-    out << "}(";
-    if (super_ != NULL)
-        super_->Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
-    else
-        out << "null";
-    out << "))";
-}
+} }
 
-void CYClassExpression::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    CYClass::Output(out, flags);
-}
-
-void CYClassStatement::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    CYClass::Output(out, flags);
+void CYComment::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << '\r';
+    out.out_ << value_;
+    out.right_ = true;
+    out << '\r';
 }
 
 void CYCompound::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
@@ -222,9 +200,7 @@ void CYCompound::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
             CYFlags center(CYCenter(flags));
             while (next != NULL) {
                 expression = next;
-                out << ',';
-                if (out.pretty_)
-                    out << ' ';
+                out << ',' << ' ';
                 next = expression->next_;
                 CYFlags right(next != NULL ? center : CYRight(flags));
                 expression->Output(out, right);
@@ -233,139 +209,99 @@ void CYCompound::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
             expression->Output(out, flags);
 }
 
-void CYComprehension::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
-    Begin_(out);
-    if (next_ != NULL)
-        next_->Output(out);
-}
-
 void CYCondition::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     test_->Output(out, Precedence() - 1, CYLeft(flags));
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '?';
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
+    out << ' ' << '?' << ' ';
     if (true_ != NULL)
-        true_->Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << ':';
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    false_->Output(out, CYPA, CYRight(flags));
+        true_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYNoFlags);
+    out << ' ' << ':' << ' ';
+    false_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
 void CYContinue::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << "continue";
     if (label_ != NULL)
         out << ' ' << *label_;
-    if ((flags & CYNoTerminator) == 0)
-        out << ';';
-    else if ((flags & CYNoTrailer) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
+    out << ';';
 }
 
 void CYClause::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
-    if (case_ != NULL) {
-        out << "case";
-        case_->Output(out, CYNoLeader);
-    } else
+    if (case_ != NULL)
+        out << "case" << ' ' << *case_;
+    else
         out << "default";
-    out << ':';
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << '\n';
-    if (code_ != NULL)
-        code_->Multiple(out, next_ == NULL ? CYNoFlags : CYNoTrailer);
-    if (next_ != NULL)
-        out << *next_;
+    out << ':' << '\n';
+    if (statements_ != NULL)
+        statements_->Multiple(out);
+    out << next_;
 }
 
-const char *CYDeclaration::ForEachIn() const {
-    return identifier_->Value();
+void CYDebugger::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "debugger" << ';';
 }
 
 void CYDeclaration::ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << "var";
-    Output(out, CYRight(flags) | CYNoLeader);
-}
-
-void CYDeclaration::ForEachIn(CYOutput &out) const {
-    out << *identifier_;
+    Output(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
 void CYDeclaration::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << *identifier_;
+    //out.out_ << ':' << identifier_->usage_ << '#' << identifier_->offset_;
     if (initialiser_ != NULL) {
-        if (out.pretty_)
-            out << ' ';
-        out << '=';
-        if (out.pretty_)
-            out << ' ';
-        initialiser_->Output(out, CYPA, CYRight(flags));
-    } else if ((flags & CYNoTrailer) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
+        out << ' ' << '=' << ' ';
+        initialiser_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYRight(flags));
+    }
 }
 
-void CYDeclarations::For(CYOutput &out) const {
+void CYForDeclarations::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     out << "var";
-    Output(out, CYNoIn | CYNoLeader);
+    Output(out, CYRight(flags));
+}
+
+void CYDeclarations::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    Output(out, CYNoFlags);
 }
 
 void CYDeclarations::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     const CYDeclarations *declaration(this);
     bool first(true);
-  output:
-    CYDeclarations *next(declaration->next_);
-    CYFlags jacks(first ? CYLeft(flags) : next == NULL ? CYRight(flags) : CYCenter(flags));
-    first = false;
-    declaration->declaration_->Output(out, jacks);
 
-    if (next != NULL) {
-        out << ',';
-        if (out.pretty_)
-            out << ' ';
+    for (;;) {
+        CYDeclarations *next(declaration->next_);
+
+        CYFlags jacks(first ? CYLeft(flags) : next == NULL ? CYRight(flags) : CYCenter(flags));
+        first = false;
+        declaration->declaration_->Output(out, jacks);
+
+        if (next == NULL)
+            break;
+
+        out << ',' << ' ';
         declaration = next;
-        goto output;
     }
 }
 
 void CYDirectMember::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    object_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYLeft(flags));
+    object_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYLeft(flags) | CYNoInteger);
     if (const char *word = property_->Word())
         out << '.' << word;
-    else {
-        out << '[';
-        property_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-        out << ']';
-    }
+    else
+        out << '[' << *property_ << ']';
 }
 
 void CYDoWhile::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << "do";
-    code_->Single(out, CYNoLeader | CYNoTrailer);
-    out << "while";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '(';
-    test_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ')';
+    code_->Single(out, CYCenter(flags));
+    out << "while" << ' ' << '(' << *test_ << ')';
 }
 
 void CYElement::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
     if (value_ != NULL)
-        value_->Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
+        value_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYNoFlags);
     if (next_ != NULL || value_ == NULL) {
         out << ',';
-        if (out.pretty_ && next_ != NULL && next_->value_ != NULL)
+        if (next_ != NULL && next_->value_ != NULL)
             out << ' ';
     }
     if (next_ != NULL)
@@ -373,151 +309,90 @@ void CYElement::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
 }
 
 void CYEmpty::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    out << ';';
+    out.Terminate();
 }
 
 void CYExpress::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    bool terminator((flags & CYNoTerminator) == 0);
-    expression_->Output(out, (terminator ? CYLeft(flags) : flags) | CYNoBF);
-    if (terminator)
-        out << ';';
+    expression_->Output(out, flags | CYNoBF);
+    out << ';';
 }
 
 void CYExpression::ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const {
-    Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
-}
-
-const char *CYExpression::ForEachIn() const {
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-void CYExpression::For(CYOutput &out) const {
-    Output(out, CYNoIn);
-}
-
-void CYExpression::ForEachIn(CYOutput &out) const {
-    Output(out, CYPA, CYNoRightHand);
+    Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYNoFlags);
 }
 
 void CYExpression::ForIn(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     Output(out, flags | CYNoRightHand);
 }
 
+void CYExpression::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    Output(out, CYNoFlags);
+}
+
 void CYExpression::Output(CYOutput &out, unsigned precedence, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if (precedence < Precedence() || (flags & CYNoRightHand) != 0 && RightHand()) {
-        out << '(';
-        Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-        out << ')';
-    } else
+    if (precedence < Precedence() || (flags & CYNoRightHand) != 0 && RightHand())
+        out << '(' << *this << ')';
+    else
         Output(out, flags);
 }
 
-void CYField::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
-    // XXX: implement!
+void CYFatArrow::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << '(' << parameters_ << ')' << ' ' << "=>" << ' ' << code_;
 }
 
 void CYFinally::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
-    out << "finally";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '{';
-    if (code_ != NULL)
-        code_->Multiple(out);
-    out << '}';
+    out << ' ' << "finally" << ' ' << code_;
 }
 
 void CYFor::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "for";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '(';
+    out << "for" << ' ' << '(';
     if (initialiser_ != NULL)
-        initialiser_->For(out);
-    out << ';';
+        initialiser_->Output(out, CYNoIn);
+    out.Terminate();
     if (test_ != NULL)
-        test_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ';';
+        out << ' ';
+    out << test_;
+    out.Terminate();
     if (increment_ != NULL)
-        increment_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ')';
-    code_->Single(out, CYNoFlags);
-}
-
-void CYForEachIn::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
         out << ' ';
-
-    out << "with({$cys:0,$cyt:0}){";
-
-    out << "$cys=";
-    set_->Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ';';
-
-    out << "for($cyt in $cys){";
-
-    initialiser_->ForEachIn(out);
-    out << "=$cys[$cyt];";
-
-    code_->Multiple(out);
-
-    out << '}';
-
-    out << '}';
+    out << increment_;
+    out << ')';
+    code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
-void CYForEachInComprehension::Begin_(CYOutput &out) const {
-    out << "(function($cys){";
-    out << "$cys=";
-    set_->Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ';';
-
-    out << "for(" << *name_ << " in $cys){";
-    out << *name_ << "=$cys[" << *name_ << "];";
+void CYForOf::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "for" << ' ' << "each" << ' ' << '(';
+    initialiser_->ForIn(out, CYNoIn);
+    out << "in" << *set_ << ')';
+    code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
-void CYForEachInComprehension::End_(CYOutput &out) const {
-    out << "}}());";
+void CYForOfComprehension::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "for" << ' ' << "each" << ' ' << '(' << *name_ << ' ' << "in" << ' ' << *set_ << ')' << next_;
 }
 
 void CYForIn::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "for";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '(';
-    initialiser_->ForIn(out, CYNoIn | CYNoTrailer);
-    out << "in";
-    set_->Output(out, CYNoLeader);
-    out << ')';
+    out << "for" << ' ' << '(';
+    if (initialiser_ != NULL)
+        initialiser_->ForIn(out, CYNoIn);
+    out << "in" << *set_ << ')';
     code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
-void CYForInComprehension::Begin_(CYOutput &out) const {
-    out << "for";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '(' << *name_ << " in";
-    set_->Output(out, CYNoLeader);
-    out << ')';
+void CYForInComprehension::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "for" << ' ' << '(' << *name_ << ' ' << "in" << ' ' << *set_ << ')';
 }
 
 void CYFunction::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    // XXX: one could imagine using + here to save a byte
     bool protect((flags & CYNoFunction) != 0);
     if (protect)
         out << '(';
-    else if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << "function";
     if (name_ != NULL)
         out << ' ' << *name_;
-    out << '(';
-    if (parameters_ != NULL)
-        out << *parameters_;
-    out << ')';
-    OutputBody(out, body_);
+    out << '(' << parameters_ << ')';
+    out << ' ' << code_;
     if (protect)
         out << ')';
 }
@@ -531,13 +406,13 @@ void CYFunctionStatement::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
 }
 
 void CYFunctionParameter::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
-    out << *name_;
-    if (next_ != NULL) {
-        out << ',';
-        if (out.pretty_)
-            out << ' ';
-        out << *next_;
-    }
+    initialiser_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
+    if (next_ != NULL)
+        out << ',' << ' ' << *next_;
+}
+
+const char *CYIdentifier::Word() const {
+    return replace_ == NULL || replace_ == this ? CYWord::Word() : replace_->Word();
 }
 
 void CYIf::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
@@ -545,151 +420,90 @@ void CYIf::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     if (false_ == NULL && (flags & CYNoDangle) != 0) {
         protect = true;
         out << '{';
-    } else if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "if";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '(';
-    test_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ')';
+    }
+
+    out << "if" << ' ' << '(' << *test_ << ')';
+
     CYFlags right(protect ? CYNoFlags : CYRight(flags));
+
     CYFlags jacks(CYNoDangle);
-    jacks |= false_ == NULL ? right : CYNoTrailer;
+    if (false_ == NULL)
+        jacks |= right;
+    else
+        jacks |= protect ? CYNoFlags : CYCenter(flags);
+
     true_->Single(out, jacks);
+
     if (false_ != NULL) {
-        out << "else";
-        if (protect)
-            right |= CYNoTerminator;
-        false_->Single(out, CYNoLeader | right);
+        out << '\t' << "else";
+        false_->Single(out, right);
     }
+
     if (protect)
         out << '}';
 }
 
-void CYIfComprehension::Begin_(CYOutput &out) const {
-    out << "if(";
-    test_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ')';
-}
-
-void CYIndirect::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    rhs_->Output(out, 1, CYLeft(flags));
-    out << ".$cyi";
-    if ((flags & CYNoTrailer) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
+void CYIfComprehension::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << "if" << ' ' << '(' << *test_ << ')' << next_;
 }
 
 void CYIndirectMember::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     object_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYLeft(flags));
-    out << ".$cyi";
     if (const char *word = property_->Word())
-        out << '.' << word;
-    else {
-        out << '[';
-        property_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-        out << ']';
-    }
+        out << "->" << word;
+    else
+        out << "->" << '[' << *property_ << ']';
 }
 
 void CYInfix::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     const char *name(Operator());
-    bool protect((flags & CYNoIn) != 0 && strcmp(name, "in"));
+    bool protect((flags & CYNoIn) != 0 && strcmp(name, "in") == 0);
     if (protect)
         out << '(';
-    bool alphabetic(Alphabetic());
     CYFlags left(protect ? CYNoFlags : CYLeft(flags));
-    if (alphabetic)
-        left |= CYNoTrailer;
     lhs_->Output(out, Precedence(), left);
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << name;
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
+    out << ' ' << name << ' ';
     CYFlags right(protect ? CYNoFlags : CYRight(flags));
-    if (alphabetic)
-        right |= CYNoLeader;
-    if (strcmp(name, "-") == 0)
-        right |= CYNoHyphen;
     rhs_->Output(out, Precedence() - 1, right);
     if (protect)
         out << ')';
 }
 
-void CYLet::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "let";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '(';
-    declarations_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ')';
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '{';
-    if (statements_ != NULL)
-        statements_->Multiple(out);
-    out << '}';
+void CYLabel::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << *name_ << ':' << ' ';
+    statement_->Single(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
-void CYMessage::Output(CYOutput &out, bool replace) const {
-    if (next_ != NULL)
-        next_->Output(out, replace);
-    out << "$cyn=new Selector(\"";
-    for (CYMessageParameter *parameter(parameter_); parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next_)
-        if (parameter->tag_ != NULL) {
-            out << *parameter->tag_;
-            if (parameter->name_ != NULL)
-                out << ':';
-        }
-    out << "\");";
-    out << "$cyt=$cyn.type($cy" << (instance_ ? 's' : 'p') << ");";
-    out << "class_" << (replace ? "replace" : "add") << "Method($cy" << (instance_ ? 'c' : 'm') << ",$cyn,";
-    out << "new Functor(function(self,_cmd";
-    for (CYMessageParameter *parameter(parameter_); parameter != NULL; parameter = parameter->next_)
-        if (parameter->name_ != NULL)
-            out << ',' << *parameter->name_;
-    out << "){return function(){";
-    if (body_ != NULL)
-        body_->Multiple(out);
-    out << "}.call(self);},$cyt),$cyt);";
-}
-
-void CYNew::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "new";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
+void CYLetStatement::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "let" << ' ' << '(' << *declarations_ << ')';
+    code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags));
+}
+
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+void New::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "new" << ' ';
     CYFlags jacks(CYNoCall | CYCenter(flags));
-    if (!out.pretty_)
-        jacks |= CYNoLeader;
     constructor_->Output(out, Precedence(), jacks);
-    if (arguments_ != NULL) {
-        out << '(';
-        arguments_->Output(out);
-        out << ')';
-    }
+    if (arguments_ != NULL)
+        out << '(' << *arguments_ << ')';
 }
 
+} }
+
 void CYNull::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     CYWord::Output(out);
-    if ((flags & CYNoTrailer) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
 }
 
 void CYNumber::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    double value(Value());
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0 || value < 0 && (flags & CYNoHyphen) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    // XXX: decide on correct precision
-    out.out_ << std::setprecision(9) << value;
-    if ((flags & CYNoTrailer) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
+    std::ostringstream str;
+    CYNumerify(str, Value());
+    std::string value(str.str());
+    out << value.c_str();
+    // XXX: this should probably also handle hex conversions and exponents
+    if ((flags & CYNoInteger) != 0 && value.find('.') == std::string::npos)
+        out << '.';
 }
 
 void CYNumber::PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const {
@@ -700,10 +514,11 @@ void CYObject::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     bool protect((flags & CYNoBrace) != 0);
     if (protect)
         out << '(';
-    out << '{';
-    if (property_ != NULL)
-        property_->Output(out);
-    out << '}';
+    out << '{' << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << properties_;
+    --out.indent_;
+    out << '\t' << '}';
     if (protect)
         out << ')';
 }
@@ -715,187 +530,110 @@ void CYPostfix::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
 
 void CYPrefix::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     const char *name(Operator());
-    bool alphabetic(Alphabetic());
-    if (alphabetic && (flags & CYNoLeader) != 0 || name[0] == '-' && (flags & CYNoHyphen) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << name;
-    if (alphabetic && out.pretty_)
+    if (Alphabetic())
         out << ' ';
-    CYFlags right(CYRight(flags));
-    if (alphabetic)
-        right |= CYNoLeader;
-    rhs_->Output(out, Precedence(), right);
+    rhs_->Output(out, Precedence(), CYRight(flags));
+}
+
+void CYProgram::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    if (statements_ != NULL)
+        statements_->Multiple(out);
 }
 
 void CYProperty::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
+    out << '\t';
     name_->PropertyName(out);
-    out << ':';
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    value_->Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
-    if (next_ != NULL) {
-        out << ',';
-        if (out.pretty_)
-            out << ' ';
-        next_->Output(out);
-    }
+    out << ':' << ' ';
+    value_->Output(out, CYAssign::Precedence_, CYNoFlags);
+    if (next_ != NULL)
+        out << ',' << '\n' << *next_;
+    else
+        out << '\n';
 }
 
 void CYRegEx::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     out << Value();
-    if ((flags & CYNoTrailer) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
 }
 
 void CYReturn::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    bool terminator((flags & CYNoTerminator) == 0);
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << "return";
     if (value_ != NULL)
-        value_->Output(out, (terminator ? CYCenter(flags) : flags) | CYNoLeader);
-    if (terminator)
-        out << ';';
+        out << ' ' << *value_;
+    out << ';';
 }
 
-void CYSelector::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "new Selector(\"";
-    if (name_ != NULL)
-        name_->Output(out);
-    out << "\")";
+void CYRubyBlock::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    call_->Output(out, CYLeft(flags));
+    out << ' ';
+    proc_->Output(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
-void CYSelectorPart::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
-    if (name_ != NULL)
-        out << *name_;
-    if (value_)
-        out << ':';
-    if (next_ != NULL)
-        next_->Output(out);
-}
-
-void CYSend::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "objc_msgSend(";
-    self_->Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ',';
-    std::ostringstream name;
-    for (CYArgument *argument(arguments_); argument != NULL; argument = argument->next_)
-        if (argument->name_ != NULL) {
-            name << *argument->name_;
-            if (argument->value_ != NULL)
-                name << ':';
-        }
-    out.out_ << reinterpret_cast<void *>(sel_registerName(name.str().c_str()));
-    for (CYArgument *argument(arguments_); argument != NULL; argument = argument->next_)
-        if (argument->value_ != NULL) {
-            out << ',';
-            argument->value_->Output(out, CYPA, CYNoFlags);
-        }
-    out << ')';
+void CYRubyProc::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    // XXX: this is not outputting the parameters
+    out << code_;
 }
 
 void CYStatement::Multiple(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     bool first(true);
-    for (const CYStatement *next(this); next != NULL; next = next->next_) {
+    CYForEach (next, this) {
         bool last(next->next_ == NULL);
-        CYFlags jacks(first ? last ? flags : CYLeft(flags) : last ? CYCenter(flags) : CYRight(flags));
-        if (last)
-            jacks |= CYNoTerminator;
+        CYFlags jacks(first ? last ? flags : CYLeft(flags) : last ? CYRight(flags) : CYCenter(flags));
         first = false;
-        out.Indent();
+        out << '\t';
         next->Output(out, jacks);
-        if (out.pretty_)
-            out << '\n';
+        out << '\n';
     }
 }
 
 void CYStatement::Single(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if (next_ != NULL) {
-        if (out.pretty_)
-            out << ' ';
-        out << '{';
-        if (out.pretty_)
-            out << '\n';
-        ++out.indent_;
-        Multiple(out);
-        --out.indent_;
-        out.Indent();
-        out << '}';
-    } else {
-        if (out.pretty_)
-            out << '\n';
-        bool protect(false);
-        if (labels_ != NULL && (flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-            protect = true;
-        if (protect)
-            out << ' ';
-        for (CYLabel *label(labels_); label != NULL; label = label->next_) {
-            out << *label->name_ << ':';
-            if (out.pretty_)
-                out << ' ';
-        }
-        ++out.indent_;
-        out.Indent();
-        Output(out, protect ? CYRight(flags) : flags);
-        --out.indent_;
-        if (out.pretty_)
-            out << '\n';
-    }
+    if (this == NULL)
+        return out.Terminate();
+
+    _assert(next_ == NULL);
+    out << '\n';
+    ++out.indent_;
+    out << '\t';
+    Output(out, flags);
+    out << '\n';
+    --out.indent_;
 }
 
 void CYString::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    unsigned quot(0), apos(0);
-    for (const char *value(value_), *end(value_ + size_); value != end; ++value)
-        if (*value == '"')
-            ++quot;
-        else if (*value == '\'')
-            ++apos;
-
-    bool single(quot > apos);
-
-    out << (single ? '\'' : '"');
-    for (const char *value(value_), *end(value_ + size_); value != end; ++value)
-        switch (*value) {
-            case '\\': out << "\\\\"; break;
-            case '\b': out << "\\b"; break;
-            case '\f': out << "\\f"; break;
-            case '\n': out << "\\n"; break;
-            case '\r': out << "\\r"; break;
-            case '\t': out << "\\t"; break;
-            case '\v': out << "\\v"; break;
-
-            case '"':
-                if (!single)
-                    out << "\\\"";
-                else goto simple;
-            break;
-
-            case '\'':
-                if (single)
-                    out << "\\'";
-                else goto simple;
-            break;
-
-            default:
-                if (*value < 0x20 || *value >= 0x7f)
-                    out.out_ << "\\x" << std::setbase(16) << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << unsigned(*value);
-                else simple:
-                    out << *value;
-        }
-    out << (single ? '\'' : '"');
+    std::ostringstream str;
+    CYStringify(str, value_, size_);
+    out << str.str().c_str();
 }
 
 void CYString::PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const {
     if (const char *word = Word())
         out << word;
     else
-        Output(out, CYNoFlags);
+        out << *this;
 }
 
+static const char *Reserved_[] = {
+    "false", "null", "true",
+
+    "break", "case", "catch", "continue", "default",
+    "delete", "do", "else", "finally", "for", "function",
+    "if", "in", "instanceof", "new", "return", "switch",
+    "this", "throw", "try", "typeof", "var", "void",
+    "while", "with",
+
+    "debugger", "const",
+
+    "class", "enum", "export", "extends", "import", "super",
+
+    "abstract", "boolean", "byte", "char", "double", "final",
+    "float", "goto", "int", "long", "native", "short",
+    "synchronized", "throws", "transient", "volatile",
+
+    "let", "yield",
+
+    NULL
+};
+
 const char *CYString::Word() const {
     if (size_ == 0 || !WordStartRange_[value_[0]])
         return NULL;
@@ -903,114 +641,76 @@ const char *CYString::Word() const {
         if (!WordEndRange_[value_[i]])
             return NULL;
     const char *value(Value());
-    // XXX: we should probably include the full ECMAScript3+5 list.
-    static const char *reserveds[] = {"class", "const", "enum", "export", "extends", "import", "super", NULL};
-    for (const char **reserved(reserveds); *reserved != NULL; ++reserved)
+    for (const char **reserved(Reserved_); *reserved != NULL; ++reserved)
         if (strcmp(*reserved, value) == 0)
             return NULL;
     return value;
 }
 
 void CYSwitch::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "switch";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '(';
-    value_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ')';
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '{';
-    if (clauses_ != NULL)
-        out << *clauses_;
+    out << "switch" << ' ' << '(' << *value_ << ')' << ' ' << '{';
+    out << clauses_;
     out << '}';
 }
 
 void CYThis::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     CYWord::Output(out);
-    if ((flags & CYNoTrailer) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
 }
 
-void CYThrow::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    bool terminator((flags & CYNoTerminator) == 0);
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
+namespace cy {
+namespace Syntax {
+
+void Throw::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
     out << "throw";
     if (value_ != NULL)
-        value_->Output(out, (terminator ? CYCenter(flags) : flags) | CYNoLeader);
-    if (terminator)
-        out << ';';
+        out << ' ' << *value_;
+    out << ';';
 }
 
-void CYTry::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "try";
-    if (out.pretty_)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << '{';
-    if (code_ != NULL)
-        code_->Multiple(out);
-    out << '}';
-    if (catch_ != NULL)
-        catch_->Output(out);
-    if (finally_ != NULL)
-        finally_->Output(out);
+void Try::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
+    out << "try" << ' ' << code_ << catch_ << finally_;
 }
 
+} }
+
 void CYVar::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    bool terminator((flags & CYNoTerminator) == 0);
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << "var";
-    declarations_->Output(out, (terminator ? CYCenter(flags) : flags) | CYNoLeader);
-    if (terminator)
-        out << ';';
+    declarations_->Output(out, flags);
+    out << ';';
 }
 
 void CYVariable::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
     out << *name_;
-    if ((flags & CYNoTrailer) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
 }
 
 void CYWhile::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "while(";
-    test_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ')';
+    out << "while" << '(' << *test_ << ')';
     code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
 void CYWith::Output(CYOutput &out, CYFlags flags) const {
-    if ((flags & CYNoLeader) != 0)
-        out << ' ';
-    out << "with(";
-    scope_->Output(out, CYNoFlags);
-    out << ')';
+    out << "with" << '(' << *scope_ << ')';
     code_->Single(out, CYRight(flags));
 }
 
 void CYWord::ClassName(CYOutput &out, bool object) const {
     if (object)
         out << "objc_getClass(";
-    out << '"' << Value() << '"';
+    out << '"' << Word() << '"';
     if (object)
         out << ')';
 }
 
 void CYWord::Output(CYOutput &out) const {
-    out << Value();
+    out << Word();
+    if (out.options_.verbose_)
+        out.out_ << '@' << this;
 }
 
 void CYWord::PropertyName(CYOutput &out) const {
     Output(out);
 }
+
+const char *CYWord::Word() const {
+    return word_;
+}