X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/cycript.git/blobdiff_plain/0939f8690378961597bb9bfc4820465e66387936..0cfdb323b24a4f14f7eef842675dc5ae1dc09201:/ObjectiveC/Library.mm

diff --git a/ObjectiveC/Library.mm b/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
index 2cb81b7..5873277 100644
--- a/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
+++ b/ObjectiveC/Library.mm
@@ -1,28 +1,24 @@
 /* Cycript - Optimizing JavaScript Compiler/Runtime
- * Copyright (C) 2009-2010  Jay Freeman (saurik)
+ * Copyright (C) 2009-2013  Jay Freeman (saurik)
 */
 
-/* GNU Lesser General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
+/* GNU General Public License, Version 3 {{{ */
 /*
- * Cycript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
- * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the
- * Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
- * option) any later version.
+ * Cycript is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
+ * by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License,
+ * or (at your option) any later version.
  *
- * Cycript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License for more details.
+ * Cycript is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
  *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  * along with Cycript.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 **/
 /* }}} */
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-#include "Struct.hpp"
-#endif
-
 #include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
 
 #include "ObjectiveC/Internal.hpp"
@@ -48,6 +44,8 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <map>
 
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
 #define CYObjectiveTry_(context) { \
     JSContextRef context_(context); \
     try
@@ -122,6 +120,45 @@
 #define protocol_getName(protocol) [(protocol) name]
 #endif
 
+static void (*$objc_setAssociatedObject)(id object, void *key, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy policy);
+static id (*$objc_getAssociatedObject)(id object, void *key);
+static void (*$objc_removeAssociatedObjects)(id object);
+
+struct BlockLiteral {
+    Class isa;
+    int flags;
+    int reserved;
+    void (*invoke)(void *, ...);
+    void *descriptor;
+};
+
+struct BlockDescriptor1 {
+    unsigned long int reserved;
+    unsigned long int size;
+};
+
+struct BlockDescriptor2 {
+    void (*copy_helper)(BlockLiteral *dst, BlockLiteral *src);
+    void (*dispose_helper)(BlockLiteral *src);
+};
+
+struct BlockDescriptor3 {
+    const char *signature;
+    const char *layout;
+};
+
+enum {
+    BLOCK_DEALLOCATING = 0x0001,
+    BLOCK_REFCOUNT_MASK = 0xfffe,
+    BLOCK_NEEDS_FREE = 1 << 24,
+    BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE = 1 << 25,
+    BLOCK_HAS_CTOR = 1 << 26,
+    BLOCK_IS_GC = 1 << 27,
+    BLOCK_IS_GLOBAL = 1 << 28,
+    BLOCK_HAS_STRET = 1 << 29,
+    BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE = 1 << 30,
+};
+
 JSValueRef CYSendMessage(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class super, SEL _cmd, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], bool initialize, JSValueRef *exception);
 
 /* Objective-C Pool Release {{{ */
@@ -234,14 +271,21 @@ bool CYGetOffset(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, NSString *value, ssize_
 }
 
 static JSClassRef Instance_;
+
+static JSClassRef ArrayInstance_;
+static JSClassRef FunctionInstance_;
+static JSClassRef ObjectInstance_;
+static JSClassRef StringInstance_;
+
+static JSClassRef Class_;
 static JSClassRef Internal_;
 static JSClassRef Message_;
 static JSClassRef Messages_;
 static JSClassRef Selector_;
-static JSClassRef StringInstance_;
 static JSClassRef Super_;
 
 static JSClassRef ObjectiveC_Classes_;
+static JSClassRef ObjectiveC_Constants_;
 static JSClassRef ObjectiveC_Protocols_;
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
@@ -252,6 +296,7 @@ static JSClassRef ObjectiveC_Images_;
 #ifdef __APPLE__
 static Class NSCFBoolean_;
 static Class NSCFType_;
+static Class NSGenericDeallocHandler_;
 static Class NSMessageBuilder_;
 static Class NSZombie_;
 #else
@@ -259,6 +304,7 @@ static Class NSBoolNumber_;
 #endif
 
 static Class NSArray_;
+static Class NSBlock_;
 static Class NSDictionary_;
 static Class NSString_;
 static Class Object_;
@@ -276,9 +322,11 @@ Type_privateData *Selector_privateData::GetType() const {
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception);
 
-JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, id self) {
+JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, Class self, bool meta) {
     if (self == nil)
         return CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Instance_prototype"));
+    else if (meta && !class_isMetaClass(self))
+        return CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Class_prototype"));
 
     JSObjectRef global(CYGetGlobalObject(context));
     JSObjectRef cy(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, cy_s)));
@@ -295,13 +343,15 @@ JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, id self) {
     JSValueRef prototype;
 
     if (self == NSArray_)
-        prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype"));
+        prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("ArrayInstance_prototype"));
+    else if (self == NSBlock_)
+        prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("FunctionInstance_prototype"));
     else if (self == NSDictionary_)
-        prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Object_prototype"));
+        prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("ObjectInstance_prototype"));
     else if (self == NSString_)
         prototype = CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("StringInstance_prototype"));
     else
-        prototype = CYGetClassPrototype(context, class_getSuperclass(self));
+        prototype = CYGetClassPrototype(context, class_getSuperclass(self), meta);
 
     JSObjectRef object(JSObjectMake(context, _class, NULL));
     JSObjectSetPrototype(context, object, prototype);
@@ -310,14 +360,14 @@ JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, id self) {
     return object;
 }
 
-JSObjectRef Messages::Make(JSContextRef context, Class _class, bool array) {
+_finline JSValueRef CYGetClassPrototype(JSContextRef context, Class self) {
+    return CYGetClassPrototype(context, self, class_isMetaClass(self));
+}
+
+JSObjectRef Messages::Make(JSContextRef context, Class _class) {
     JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, Messages_, new Messages(_class)));
-    if (_class == NSArray_)
-        array = true;
     if (Class super = class_getSuperclass(_class))
-        JSObjectSetPrototype(context, value, Messages::Make(context, super, array));
-    /*else if (array)
-        JSObjectSetPrototype(context, value, Array_prototype_);*/
+        JSObjectSetPrototype(context, value, Messages::Make(context, super));
     return value;
 }
 
@@ -375,15 +425,15 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, bool transient) {
 
 @interface NSObject (Cycript)
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context;
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context;
 - (JSType) cy$JSType;
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key;
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON;
-- (NSString *) cy$toKey;
+- (JSValueRef) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key inContext:(JSContextRef)context;
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective;
 
 - (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name;
 - (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name;
+- (JSValueRef) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context;
 - (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value;
 - (bool) cy$deleteProperty:(NSString *)name;
 - (void) cy$getPropertyNames:(JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef)names inContext:(JSContextRef)context;
@@ -393,23 +443,24 @@ JSObjectRef CYMakeInstance(JSContextRef context, id object, bool transient) {
 @end
 
 @protocol Cycript
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context;
+- (id) cy$box;
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context;
 @end
 
-NSString *CYCastNSCYON(id value) {
+NSString *CYCastNSCYON(id value, bool objective) {
     NSString *string;
 
     if (value == nil)
         string = @"nil";
     else {
         Class _class(object_getClass(value));
-        SEL sel(@selector(cy$toCYON));
+        SEL sel(@selector(cy$toCYON:));
 
         if (objc_method *toCYON = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, sel))
-            string = reinterpret_cast<NSString *(*)(id, SEL)>(method_getImplementation(toCYON))(value, sel);
+            string = reinterpret_cast<NSString *(*)(id, SEL, bool)>(method_getImplementation(toCYON))(value, sel, objective);
         else if (objc_method *methodSignatureForSelector = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, @selector(methodSignatureForSelector:))) {
             if (reinterpret_cast<NSMethodSignature *(*)(id, SEL, SEL)>(method_getImplementation(methodSignatureForSelector))(value, @selector(methodSignatureForSelector:), sel) != nil)
-                string = [value cy$toCYON];
+                string = [value cy$toCYON:objective];
             else goto fail;
         } else fail: {
             if (false);
@@ -419,7 +470,7 @@ NSString *CYCastNSCYON(id value) {
             else if (_class == NSZombie_)
                 string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<_NSZombie_: %p>", value];
             // XXX: frowny /in/ the pants
-            else if (value == NSMessageBuilder_ || value == Object_)
+            else if (value == NSGenericDeallocHandler_ || value == NSMessageBuilder_ || value == Object_)
                 string = nil;
 #endif
             else
@@ -522,12 +573,6 @@ struct PropertyAttributes {
 };
 #endif
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-NSObject *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
-    return [(NSString *) CFCopyDescription((CFTypeRef) self) autorelease];
-}
-#endif
-
 #ifndef __APPLE__
 @interface CYWebUndefined : NSObject {
 }
@@ -551,13 +596,11 @@ NSObject *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
 /* Bridge: CYJSObject {{{ */
 @interface CYJSObject : NSMutableDictionary {
     JSObjectRef object_;
-    JSContextRef context_;
+    JSGlobalContextRef context_;
 }
 
 - (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context;
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key;
-
 - (NSUInteger) count;
 - (id) objectForKey:(id)key;
 - (NSEnumerator *) keyEnumerator;
@@ -569,7 +612,7 @@ NSObject *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
 /* Bridge: CYJSArray {{{ */
 @interface CYJSArray : NSMutableArray {
     JSObjectRef object_;
-    JSContextRef context_;
+    JSGlobalContextRef context_;
 }
 
 - (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context;
@@ -586,22 +629,60 @@ NSObject *NSCFType$cy$toJSON(id self, SEL sel, NSString *key) {
 @end
 /* }}} */
 
-NSObject *CYCastNSObject_(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context, Array_s));
+_finline bool CYJSValueIsNSObject(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
+    return JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, value, Instance_);
+}
+
+_finline bool CYJSValueIsInstanceOfCachedConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value, JSStringRef cache) {
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    bool array(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor(context, object, Array, &exception));
+    JSObjectRef constructor(CYGetCachedObject(context, cache));
+    bool is(JSValueIsInstanceOfConstructor(context, value, constructor, &exception));
     CYThrow(context, exception);
-    id value(array ? [CYJSArray alloc] : [CYJSObject alloc]);
-    return CYPoolRelease(pool, [value initWithJSObject:object inContext:context]);
+    return is;
+}
+
+NSObject *CYMakeBlock(void (*invoke)(), sig::Signature &signature) {
+    BlockLiteral *literal(reinterpret_cast<BlockLiteral *>(malloc(sizeof(BlockLiteral))));
+
+    struct Descriptor {
+        struct {
+            BlockDescriptor1 one_;
+            BlockDescriptor2 two_;
+            BlockDescriptor3 three_;
+        } d_;
+
+        CYPool pool_;
+    };
+
+    Descriptor *descriptor(new Descriptor);
+    memset(&descriptor->d_, 0, sizeof(descriptor->d_));
+
+    literal->isa = objc_getClass("__NSGlobalBlock__");
+    literal->flags = BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE | BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE | BLOCK_IS_GLOBAL;
+    literal->reserved = 0;
+    literal->invoke = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(void *, ...)>(invoke);
+    literal->descriptor = descriptor;
+
+    descriptor->d_.one_.size = sizeof(descriptor->d_);
+    descriptor->d_.three_.signature = sig::Unparse(descriptor->pool_, &signature);
+
+    return reinterpret_cast<NSObject *>(literal);
 }
 
 NSObject *CYCastNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object) {
-    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, Instance_))
-        return CYCastNSObject_(pool, context, object);
-    else {
+    if (CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, object)) {
         Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
         return internal->GetValue();
     }
+
+    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, object, Functor_)) {
+        cy::Functor *internal(reinterpret_cast<cy::Functor *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+        return CYMakeBlock(internal->GetValue(), internal->signature_);
+    }
+
+    bool array(CYJSValueIsInstanceOfCachedConstructor(context, object, Array_s));
+    id value(array ? [CYJSArray alloc] : [CYJSObject alloc]);
+    return CYPoolRelease(pool, [value initWithJSObject:object inContext:context]);
 }
 
 NSNumber *CYCopyNSNumber(JSContextRef context, JSValueRef value) {
@@ -678,9 +759,13 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
 /* Bridge: NSArray {{{ */
 @implementation NSArray (Cycript)
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
+- (id) cy$box {
+    return [[self mutableCopy] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
     NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
-    [json appendString:@"["];
+    [json appendString:@"@["];
 
     bool comma(false);
 #ifdef __APPLE__
@@ -694,7 +779,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
         else
             comma = true;
         if (object == nil || [object cy$JSType] != kJSTypeUndefined)
-            [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object)];
+            [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object, true)];
         else {
             [json appendString:@","];
             comma = false;
@@ -717,15 +802,6 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
 }
 
 - (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"]) {
-        NSUInteger count([self count]);
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-        return [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInteger:count];
-#else
-        return [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:count];
-#endif
-    }
-
     size_t index(CYGetIndex(name));
     if (index == _not(size_t) || index >= [self count])
         return [super cy$getProperty:name];
@@ -733,6 +809,15 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
         return [self objectAtIndex:index];
 }
 
+- (JSValueRef) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+    CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+        if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"])
+            return CYCastJSValue(context, [self count]);
+    } CYObjectiveCatch
+
+    return [super cy$getProperty:name inContext:context];
+}
+
 - (void) cy$getPropertyNames:(JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef)names inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
     [super cy$getPropertyNames:names inContext:context];
 
@@ -752,6 +837,13 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
 
 @end
 /* }}} */
+/* Bridge: NSBlock {{{ */
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+@interface NSBlock
+- (void) invoke;
+@end
+#endif
+/* }}} */
 /* Bridge: NSBoolNumber {{{ */
 #ifndef __APPLE__
 @implementation NSBoolNumber (Cycript)
@@ -760,15 +852,12 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     return kJSTypeBoolean;
 }
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
-    return self;
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+    NSString *value([self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false");
+    return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    return [self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false";
-}
-
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
     return CYCastJSValue(context, (bool) [self boolValue]);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -778,9 +867,13 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
 /* Bridge: NSDictionary {{{ */
 @implementation NSDictionary (Cycript)
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
+- (id) cy$box {
+    return [[self mutableCopy] autorelease];
+}
+
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
     NSMutableString *json([[[NSMutableString alloc] init] autorelease]);
-    [json appendString:@"{"];
+    [json appendString:@"@{"];
 
     bool comma(false);
 #ifdef __APPLE__
@@ -793,10 +886,10 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
             [json appendString:@","];
         else
             comma = true;
-        [json appendString:[key cy$toKey]];
+        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(key, true)];
         [json appendString:@":"];
         NSObject *object([self objectForKey:key]);
-        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object)];
+        [json appendString:CYCastNSCYON(object, true)];
     }
 
     [json appendString:@"}"];
@@ -916,16 +1009,13 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     return kJSTypeNumber;
 }
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
-    return self;
-}
-
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    return [self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? [self stringValue] : [self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false";
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+    NSString *value([self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? [self stringValue] : [self boolValue] ? @"true" : @"false");
+    return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
-    return [self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? CYCastJSValue(context, [self doubleValue]) : CYCastJSValue(context, [self boolValue]);
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+    return [self cy$JSType] != kJSTypeBoolean ? CYCastJSValue(context, [self doubleValue]) : CYCastJSValue(context, static_cast<bool>([self boolValue]));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 @end
@@ -937,37 +1027,38 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     return kJSTypeNull;
 }
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
-    return self;
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+    NSString *value(@"null");
+    return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    return @"null";
-}
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+    return CYJSNull(context);
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 @end
 /* }}} */
 /* Bridge: NSObject {{{ */
 @implementation NSObject (Cycript)
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
-    return CYMakeInstance(context, self, false);
-} CYObjectiveCatch }
-
-- (JSType) cy$JSType {
-    return kJSTypeObject;
+- (id) cy$box {
+    return self;
 }
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
-    return [self description];
+- (JSValueRef) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+    return [self cy$valueOfInContext:context];
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    return [[self cy$toJSON:@""] cy$toCYON];
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+    return NULL;
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
+
+- (JSType) cy$JSType {
+    return kJSTypeObject;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toKey {
-    return [self cy$toCYON];
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+    return [[self description] cy$toCYON:objective];
 }
 
 - (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name {
@@ -978,6 +1069,12 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     return nil;
 }
 
+- (JSValueRef) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+    if (NSObject *value = [self cy$getProperty:name])
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, value);
+    return NULL;
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
+
 - (bool) cy$setProperty:(NSString *)name to:(NSObject *)value {
     return false;
 }
@@ -998,12 +1095,8 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
 /* Bridge: NSProxy {{{ */
 @implementation NSProxy (Cycript)
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
-    return [self description];
-}
-
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    return [[self cy$toJSON:@""] cy$toCYON];
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+    return [[self description] cy$toCYON:objective];
 }
 
 @end
@@ -1011,32 +1104,25 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
 /* Bridge: NSString {{{ */
 @implementation NSString (Cycript)
 
-- (JSType) cy$JSType {
-    return kJSTypeString;
+- (id) cy$box {
+    return [[self copy] autorelease];
 }
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
-    return self;
+- (JSType) cy$JSType {
+    return kJSTypeString;
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
     std::ostringstream str;
+    if (!objective)
+        str << '@';
     CYUTF8String string(CYCastUTF8String(self));
     CYStringify(str, string.data, string.size);
     std::string value(str.str());
     return CYCastNSString(NULL, CYUTF8String(value.c_str(), value.size()));
 }
 
-- (NSString *) cy$toKey {
-    if (CYIsKey(CYCastUTF8String(self)))
-        return self;
-    return [self cy$toCYON];
-}
-
 - (bool) cy$hasProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"])
-        return true;
-
     size_t index(CYGetIndex(name));
     if (index == _not(size_t) || index >= [self length])
         return [super cy$hasProperty:name];
@@ -1045,15 +1131,6 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
 }
 
 - (NSObject *) cy$getProperty:(NSString *)name {
-    if ([name isEqualToString:@"length"]) {
-        NSUInteger count([self length]);
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-        return [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInteger:count];
-#else
-        return [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:count];
-#endif
-    }
-
     size_t index(CYGetIndex(name));
     if (index == _not(size_t) || index >= [self length])
         return [super cy$getProperty:name];
@@ -1071,10 +1148,9 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     }
 }
 
-// XXX: this might be overly restrictive for NSString; I think I need a half-way between /injecting/ implicit properties and /accepting/ implicit properties
-+ (bool) cy$hasImplicitProperties {
-    return false;
-}
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, self));
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 @end
 /* }}} */
@@ -1085,15 +1161,13 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
     return kJSTypeUndefined;
 }
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key {
-    return self;
-}
-
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON {
-    return @"undefined";
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+    NSString *value(@"undefined");
+    return value; // XXX: maybe use the below code, adding @undefined?
+    //return objective ? value : [NSString stringWithFormat:@"@%@", value];
 }
 
-- (JSValueRef) cy$JSValueInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+- (JSValueRef) cy$valueOfInContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
     return CYJSUndefined(context);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
@@ -1102,8 +1176,7 @@ NSObject *CYCopyNSObject(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, JSValueRef valu
 
 static bool CYIsClass(id self) {
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-    // XXX: this is a lame object_isClass
-    return class_getInstanceMethod(object_getClass(self), @selector(alloc)) != NULL;
+    return class_isMetaClass(object_getClass(self));
 #else
     return GSObjCIsClass(self);
 #endif
@@ -1129,8 +1202,6 @@ NSArray *CYCastNSArray(JSContextRef context, JSPropertyNameArrayRef names) {
 JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
     if (value == nil)
         return CYJSNull(context);
-    else if ([value respondsToSelector:@selector(cy$JSValueInContext:)])
-        return [value cy$JSValueInContext:context];
     else
         return CYMakeInstance(context, value, false);
 } CYPoolCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
@@ -1141,36 +1212,24 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
     if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
         object_ = object;
         context_ = CYGetJSContext(context);
-        //XXX:JSGlobalContextRetain(context_);
+        JSGlobalContextRetain(context_);
         JSValueProtect(context_, object_);
     } return self;
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) dealloc { CYObjectiveTry {
     JSValueUnprotect(context_, object_);
-    //XXX:JSGlobalContextRelease(context_);
+    JSGlobalContextRelease(context_);
     [super dealloc];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
-- (NSObject *) cy$toJSON:(NSString *)key { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSValueRef toJSON(CYGetProperty(context_, object_, toJSON_s));
-    if (!CYIsCallable(context_, toJSON))
-        return [super cy$toJSON:key];
-    else {
-        JSValueRef arguments[1] = {CYCastJSValue(context_, key)};
-        JSValueRef value(CYCallAsFunction(context_, (JSObjectRef) toJSON, object_, 1, arguments));
-        // XXX: do I really want an NSNull here?!
-        return CYCastNSObject(NULL, context_, value) ?: [NSNull null];
-    }
-} CYObjectiveCatch }
-
-- (NSString *) cy$toCYON { CYObjectiveTry {
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective { CYObjectiveTry {
     CYPool pool;
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     const char *cyon(CYPoolCCYON(pool, context_, object_));
     CYThrow(context_, exception);
     if (cyon == NULL)
-        return [super cy$toCYON];
+        return [super cy$toCYON:objective];
     else
         return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:cyon];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
@@ -1210,29 +1269,34 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 
 @implementation CYJSArray
 
+- (NSString *) cy$toCYON:(bool)objective {
+    CYPool pool;
+    return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:CYPoolCCYON(pool, context_, object_)];
+}
+
 - (id) initWithJSObject:(JSObjectRef)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context { CYObjectiveTry {
     if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
         object_ = object;
         context_ = CYGetJSContext(context);
-        //XXX:JSGlobalContextRetain(context_);
+        JSGlobalContextRetain(context_);
         JSValueProtect(context_, object_);
     } return self;
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) dealloc { CYObjectiveTry {
     JSValueUnprotect(context_, object_);
-    //XXX:JSGlobalContextRelease(context_);
+    JSGlobalContextRelease(context_);
     [super dealloc];
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (NSUInteger) count { CYObjectiveTry {
-    return CYCastDouble(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, object_, length_s));
+    return CYArrayLength(context_, object_);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (id) objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count]);
     if (index >= bounds)
-        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray objectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray objectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     JSValueRef value(JSObjectGetPropertyAtIndex(context_, object_, index, &exception));
     CYThrow(context_, exception);
@@ -1240,31 +1304,26 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) addObject:(id)object { CYObjectiveTry {
-    JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSValueRef arguments[1];
-    arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSObject *) object);
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, Array_s));
-    JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, CYCastJSObject(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, Array, push_s)), object_, 1, arguments, &exception);
-    CYThrow(context_, exception);
+    CYArrayPush(context_, object_, CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSObject *) object));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) insertObject:(id)object atIndex:(NSUInteger)index { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count] + 1);
     if (index >= bounds)
-        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray insertObject:atIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray insertObject:atIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     JSValueRef arguments[3];
     arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context_, index);
     arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context_, 0);
     arguments[2] = CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSObject *) object);
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, Array_s));
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
     JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, CYCastJSObject(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, Array, splice_s)), object_, 3, arguments, &exception);
     CYThrow(context_, exception);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 - (void) removeLastObject { CYObjectiveTry {
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, Array_s));
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
     JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, CYCastJSObject(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, Array, pop_s)), object_, 0, NULL, &exception);
     CYThrow(context_, exception);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
@@ -1272,12 +1331,12 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 - (void) removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count]);
     if (index >= bounds)
-        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray removeObjectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray removeObjectAtIndex:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
     JSValueRef exception(NULL);
     JSValueRef arguments[2];
     arguments[0] = CYCastJSValue(context_, index);
     arguments[1] = CYCastJSValue(context_, 1);
-    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, Array_s));
+    JSObjectRef Array(CYGetCachedObject(context_, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
     JSObjectCallAsFunction(context_, CYCastJSObject(context_, CYGetProperty(context_, Array, splice_s)), object_, 2, arguments, &exception);
     CYThrow(context_, exception);
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
@@ -1285,68 +1344,92 @@ JSValueRef CYCastJSValue(JSContextRef context, NSObject *value) { CYPoolTry {
 - (void) replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)index withObject:(id)object { CYObjectiveTry {
     size_t bounds([self count]);
     if (index >= bounds)
-        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray replaceObjectAtIndex:withObject:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", index, bounds] userInfo:nil];
+        @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSRangeException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"*** -[CYJSArray replaceObjectAtIndex:withObject:]: index (%zu) beyond bounds (%zu)", static_cast<size_t>(index), bounds] userInfo:nil];
     CYSetProperty(context_, object_, index, CYCastJSValue(context_, (NSObject *) object));
 } CYObjectiveCatch }
 
 @end
 
-// XXX: use objc_getAssociatedObject and objc_setAssociatedObject on 10.6
-struct CYInternal :
-    CYData
-{
+// XXX: inherit from or replace with CYJSObject
+@interface CYInternal : NSObject {
+    JSGlobalContextRef context_;
     JSObjectRef object_;
+}
 
-    CYInternal() :
-        object_(NULL)
-    {
-    }
+@end
 
-    ~CYInternal() {
-        // XXX: delete object_? ;(
-    }
+@implementation CYInternal
 
-    static CYInternal *Get(id self) {
-        CYInternal *internal(NULL);
-        if (object_getInstanceVariable(self, "cy$internal_", reinterpret_cast<void **>(&internal)) == NULL) {
-            // XXX: do something epic? ;P
-        }
+- (void) dealloc {
+    JSValueUnprotect(context_, object_);
+    JSGlobalContextRelease(context_);
+    [super dealloc];
+}
 
-        return internal;
-    }
+- (id) initInContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+    if ((self = [super init]) != nil) {
+        context_ = CYGetJSContext(context);
+        JSGlobalContextRetain(context_);
+    } return self;
+}
 
-    static CYInternal *Set(id self) {
-        CYInternal *internal(NULL);
-        if (objc_ivar *ivar = object_getInstanceVariable(self, "cy$internal_", reinterpret_cast<void **>(&internal))) {
-            if (internal == NULL) {
-                internal = new CYInternal();
-                object_setIvar(self, ivar, reinterpret_cast<id>(internal));
-            }
-        } else {
-            // XXX: do something epic? ;P
-        }
+- (bool) hasProperty:(JSStringRef)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+    if (object_ == NULL)
+        return false;
 
-        return internal;
-    }
+    return JSObjectHasProperty(context, object_, name);
+}
 
-    bool HasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSStringRef name) {
-        if (object_ == NULL)
-            return false;
-        return JSObjectHasProperty(context, object_, name);
+- (JSValueRef) getProperty:(JSStringRef)name inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+    if (object_ == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    return CYGetProperty(context, object_, name);
+}
+
+- (void) setProperty:(JSStringRef)name toValue:(JSValueRef)value inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+    @synchronized (self) {
+        if (object_ == NULL) {
+            object_ = JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL);
+            JSValueProtect(context, object_);
+        }
     }
 
-    JSValueRef GetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSStringRef name) {
-        if (object_ == NULL)
-            return NULL;
-        return CYGetProperty(context, object_, name);
+    CYSetProperty(context, object_, name, value);
+}
+
++ (CYInternal *) get:(id)object {
+    if ($objc_getAssociatedObject == NULL)
+        return nil;
+
+    @synchronized (object) {
+        if (CYInternal *internal = $objc_getAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal)))
+            return internal;
     }
 
-    void SetProperty(JSContextRef context, JSStringRef name, JSValueRef value) {
-        if (object_ == NULL)
-            object_ = JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL);
-        CYSetProperty(context, object_, name, value);
+    return nil;
+}
+
++ (CYInternal *) set:(id)object inContext:(JSContextRef)context {
+    if ($objc_getAssociatedObject == NULL)
+        return nil;
+
+    @synchronized (object) {
+        if (CYInternal *internal = $objc_getAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal)))
+            return internal;
+
+        if ($objc_setAssociatedObject == NULL)
+            return nil;
+
+        CYInternal *internal([[[CYInternal alloc] initInContext:context] autorelease]);
+        objc_setAssociatedObject(object, @selector(cy$internal), internal, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
+        return internal;
     }
-};
+
+    return nil;
+}
+
+@end
 
 static JSObjectRef CYMakeSelector(JSContextRef context, SEL sel) {
     Selector_privateData *internal(new Selector_privateData(sel));
@@ -1430,7 +1513,7 @@ static JSValueRef CYObjectiveC_FromFFI(JSContextRef context, sig::Type *type, ff
     }
 } CYPoolCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
-static bool CYImplements(id object, Class _class, SEL selector, bool devoid) {
+static bool CYImplements(id object, Class _class, SEL selector, bool devoid = false) {
     if (objc_method *method = class_getInstanceMethod(_class, selector)) {
         if (!devoid)
             return true;
@@ -1466,21 +1549,13 @@ static const char *CYPoolTypeEncoding(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, SE
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static void MessageClosure_(ffi_cif *cif, void *result, void **arguments, void *arg) {
-    Closure_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Closure_privateData *>(arg));
-
-    JSContextRef context(internal->context_);
-
-    size_t count(internal->cif_.nargs);
-    JSValueRef values[count];
-
-    for (size_t index(0); index != count; ++index)
-        values[index] = CYFromFFI(context, internal->signature_.elements[1 + index].type, internal->cif_.arg_types[index], arguments[index]);
-
+static JSValueRef MessageAdapter_(JSContextRef context, size_t count, JSValueRef values[], JSObjectRef function) {
     JSObjectRef _this(CYCastJSObject(context, values[0]));
+    return CYCallAsFunction(context, function, _this, count - 2, values + 2);
+}
 
-    JSValueRef value(CYCallAsFunction(context, internal->function_, _this, count - 2, values + 2));
-    CYPoolFFI(NULL, context, internal->signature_.elements[0].type, internal->cif_.rtype, result, value);
+static void MessageClosure_(ffi_cif *cif, void *result, void **arguments, void *arg) {
+    CYExecuteClosure(cif, result, arguments, arg, &MessageAdapter_);
 }
 
 static JSObjectRef CYMakeMessage(JSContextRef context, SEL sel, IMP imp, const char *type) {
@@ -1600,7 +1675,7 @@ static void Messages_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
 
 static bool CYHasImplicitProperties(Class _class) {
     // XXX: this is an evil hack to deal with NSProxy; fix elsewhere
-    if (!CYImplements(_class, object_getClass(_class), @selector(cy$hasImplicitProperties), false))
+    if (!CYImplements(_class, object_getClass(_class), @selector(cy$hasImplicitProperties)))
         return true;
     return [_class cy$hasImplicitProperties];
 }
@@ -1615,15 +1690,15 @@ static bool Instance_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     CYPool pool;
     NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, context, property));
 
-    if (CYInternal *internal = CYInternal::Get(self))
-        if (internal->HasProperty(context, property))
+    if (CYInternal *internal = [CYInternal get:self])
+        if ([internal hasProperty:property inContext:context])
             return true;
 
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
 
     CYPoolTry {
         // XXX: this is an evil hack to deal with NSProxy; fix elsewhere
-        if (CYImplements(self, _class, @selector(cy$hasProperty:), false))
+        if (CYImplements(self, _class, @selector(cy$hasProperty:)))
             if ([self cy$hasProperty:name])
                 return true;
     } CYPoolCatch(false)
@@ -1653,13 +1728,13 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     CYPool pool;
     NSString *name(CYCastNSString(pool, context, property));
 
-    if (CYInternal *internal = CYInternal::Get(self))
-        if (JSValueRef value = internal->GetProperty(context, property))
+    if (CYInternal *internal = [CYInternal get:self])
+        if (JSValueRef value = [internal getProperty:property inContext:context])
             return value;
 
     CYPoolTry {
-        if (NSObject *data = [self cy$getProperty:name])
-            return CYCastJSValue(context, data);
+        if (JSValueRef value = [self cy$getProperty:name inContext:context])
+            return value;
     } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
 
     const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, context, name));
@@ -1679,7 +1754,7 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
                 return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 0, NULL, false, exception);
 
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -1693,7 +1768,7 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     CYPoolTry {
         if ([self cy$setProperty:name to:data])
             return true;
-    } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
+    } CYPoolCatch(false)
 
     const char *string(CYPoolCString(pool, context, name));
     Class _class(object_getClass(self));
@@ -1727,18 +1802,19 @@ static bool Instance_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     set[length + 4] = '\0';
 
     if (SEL sel = sel_getUid(set))
-        if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel, false)) {
+        if (CYImplements(self, _class, sel)) {
             JSValueRef arguments[1] = {value};
             CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, NULL, sel, 1, arguments, false, exception);
+            return true;
         }
 
-    if (CYInternal *internal = CYInternal::Set(self)) {
-        internal->SetProperty(context, property, value);
+    if (CYInternal *internal = [CYInternal set:self inContext:context]) {
+        [internal setProperty:property toValue:value inContext:context];
         return true;
     }
 
     return false;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(false) }
 
 static bool Instance_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -1747,8 +1823,8 @@ static bool Instance_deleteProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JS
     CYPoolTry {
         NSString *name(CYCastNSString(NULL, context, property));
         return [self cy$deleteProperty:name];
-    } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+    } CYPoolCatch(false)
+} CYCatch(false) return /*XXX*/ false; }
 
 static void Instance_getPropertyNames_message(JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names, objc_method *method) {
     const char *name(sel_getName(method_getName(method)));
@@ -1796,7 +1872,7 @@ static void Instance_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
 
     CYPoolTry {
         // XXX: this is an evil hack to deal with NSProxy; fix elsewhere
-        if (CYImplements(self, _class, @selector(cy$getPropertyNames:inContext:), false))
+        if (CYImplements(self, _class, @selector(cy$getPropertyNames:inContext:)))
             [self cy$getPropertyNames:names inContext:context];
     } CYPoolCatch()
 }
@@ -1805,7 +1881,55 @@ static JSObjectRef Instance_callAsConstructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     JSObjectRef value(Instance::Make(context, [internal->GetValue() alloc], Instance::Uninitialized));
     return value;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
+    id self(internal->GetValue());
+
+    if (![self isKindOfClass:NSBlock_])
+        CYThrow("non-NSBlock object is not a function");
+    // XXX: replace above logic with the following assertion
+    //_assert([self isKindOfClass:NSBlock_]);
+    // to do this, make it so FunctionInstance_ is the class of blocks
+    // to do /that/, generalize the various "is exactly Instance_" checks
+    // then, move Instance_callAsFunction to only be on FunctionInstance
+
+    BlockLiteral *literal(reinterpret_cast<BlockLiteral *>(self));
+
+    if ((literal->flags & BLOCK_HAS_SIGNATURE) != 0) {
+        uint8_t *descriptor(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(literal->descriptor));
+        descriptor += sizeof(BlockDescriptor1);
+        if ((literal->flags & BLOCK_HAS_COPY_DISPOSE) != 0)
+            descriptor += sizeof(BlockDescriptor2);
+        BlockDescriptor3 *descriptor3(reinterpret_cast<BlockDescriptor3 *>(descriptor));
+
+        if (const char *type = descriptor3->signature) {
+            CYPool pool;
+
+            void *setup[1];
+            setup[0] = &self;
+
+            sig::Signature signature;
+            sig::Parse(pool, &signature, type, &Structor_);
+
+            ffi_cif cif;
+            sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
+
+            void (*function)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(literal->invoke);
+            return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 1, setup, count, arguments, false, exception, &signature, &cif, function);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (count != 0)
+        CYThrow("NSBlock without signature field passed arguments");
+
+    CYPoolTry {
+        [self invoke];
+    } CYPoolCatch(NULL);
+
+    return NULL;
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool Instance_hasInstance(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef constructor, JSValueRef instance, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) constructor)));
@@ -1813,14 +1937,24 @@ static bool Instance_hasInstance(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef constructor,
     if (!CYIsClass(_class))
         return false;
 
-    if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, instance, Instance_)) {
+    if (CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, instance)) {
         Instance *linternal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) instance)));
         // XXX: this isn't always safe
         return [linternal->GetValue() isKindOfClass:_class];
     }
 
     return false;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(false) }
+
+static JSValueRef Instance_box_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    if (count == 0)
+        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Instance");
+    CYPool pool;
+    id value(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]));
+    if (value == nil)
+        value = [NSNull null];
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, [value cy$box]);
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool Internal_hasProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property) {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -1849,7 +1983,7 @@ static JSValueRef Internal_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object,
     }
 
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static bool Internal_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef value, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Internal *internal(reinterpret_cast<Internal *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -1865,7 +1999,7 @@ static bool Internal_setProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStr
     }
 
     return false;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(false) }
 
 static void Internal_getPropertyNames_(Class _class, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     if (Class super = class_getSuperclass(_class))
@@ -1905,7 +2039,7 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
     if (Class _class = NSClassFromString(name))
         return CYMakeInstance(context, _class, true);
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Classes_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
 #ifdef __APPLE__
@@ -1955,7 +2089,7 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSO
   free:
     free(data);
     return value;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     const char *internal(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -1984,7 +2118,7 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Images_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRe
     JSObjectRef value(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
     CYSetProperty(context, value, CYJSString("classes"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Image_Classes_, const_cast<char *>(name)));
     return value;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Images_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
     unsigned int size;
@@ -2001,7 +2135,7 @@ static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Protocols_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjec
     if (Protocol *protocol = objc_getProtocol(name))
         return CYMakeInstance(context, protocol, true);
     return NULL;
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static void ObjectiveC_Protocols_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
 #if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
@@ -2015,7 +2149,31 @@ static void ObjectiveC_Protocols_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObject
 #endif
 }
 
+static JSValueRef ObjectiveC_Constants_getProperty(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    CYPool pool;
+    CYUTF8String name(CYPoolUTF8String(pool, context, property));
+    if (name == "nil")
+        return Instance::Make(context, nil);
+    return NULL;
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
+
+static void ObjectiveC_Constants_getPropertyNames(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSPropertyNameAccumulatorRef names) {
+    JSPropertyNameAccumulatorAddName(names, CYJSString("nil"));
+}
+
 #ifdef __APPLE__
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+#define OBJC_MAX_STRUCT_BY_VALUE 8
+static int struct_forward_array[] = {
+    0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0 };
+#elif defined(__arm__)
+#define OBJC_MAX_STRUCT_BY_VALUE 1
+static int struct_forward_array[] = {
+    0, 0 };
+#else
+#error missing objc-runtime-info
+#endif
+
 static bool stret(ffi_type *ffi_type) {
     return ffi_type->type == FFI_TYPE_STRUCT && (
         ffi_type->size > OBJC_MAX_STRUCT_BY_VALUE ||
@@ -2053,6 +2211,26 @@ JSValueRef CYSendMessage(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class
     sig::Signature signature;
     sig::Parse(pool, &signature, type, &Structor_);
 
+    size_t used(count + 3);
+    if (used > signature.count) {
+        sig::Element *elements(new (pool) sig::Element[used]);
+        memcpy(elements, signature.elements, used * sizeof(sig::Element));
+
+        for (size_t index(signature.count); index != used; ++index) {
+            sig::Element *element(&elements[index]);
+            element->name = NULL;
+            element->offset = _not(size_t);
+
+            sig::Type *type(new (pool) sig::Type);
+            memset(type, 0, sizeof(*type));
+            type->primitive = sig::object_P;
+            element->type = type;
+        }
+
+        signature.elements = elements;
+        signature.count = used;
+    }
+
     ffi_cif cif;
     sig::sig_ffi_cif(pool, &sig::ObjectiveC, &signature, &cif);
 
@@ -2070,7 +2248,7 @@ JSValueRef CYSendMessage(apr_pool_t *pool, JSContextRef context, id self, Class
 
     void (*function)() = reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(imp);
     return CYCallFunction(pool, context, 2, setup, count, arguments, initialize, exception, &signature, &cif, function);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count < 2)
@@ -2089,7 +2267,7 @@ static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObje
         self = internal->GetValue();
         _class = internal->class_;;
         uninitialized = false;
-    } else if (JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, arguments[0], Instance_)) {
+    } else if (CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, arguments[0])) {
         Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate((JSObjectRef) arguments[0])));
         self = internal->GetValue();
         _class = nil;
@@ -2108,43 +2286,7 @@ static JSValueRef $objc_msgSend(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObje
     _cmd = CYCastSEL(context, arguments[1]);
 
     return CYSendMessage(pool, context, self, _class, _cmd, count - 2, arguments + 2, uninitialized, exception);
-} CYCatch }
-
-/* Hook: objc_registerClassPair {{{ */
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__arm__) && 0
-// XXX: replace this with associated objects
-
-MSHook(void, CYDealloc, id self, SEL sel) {
-    CYInternal *internal;
-    object_getInstanceVariable(self, "cy$internal_", reinterpret_cast<void **>(&internal));
-    if (internal != NULL)
-        delete internal;
-    _CYDealloc(self, sel);
-}
-
-MSHook(void, objc_registerClassPair, Class _class) {
-    Class super(class_getSuperclass(_class));
-    if (super == NULL || class_getInstanceVariable(super, "cy$internal_") == NULL) {
-        class_addIvar(_class, "cy$internal_", sizeof(CYInternal *), log2(sizeof(CYInternal *)), "^{CYInternal}");
-        MSHookMessage(_class, @selector(dealloc), MSHake(CYDealloc));
-    }
-
-    _objc_registerClassPair(_class);
-}
-
-static JSValueRef objc_registerClassPair_(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    if (count != 1)
-        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to objc_registerClassPair");
-    CYPool pool;
-    NSObject *value(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]));
-    if (value == NULL || !CYIsClass(value))
-        throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to objc_registerClassPair");
-    Class _class((Class) value);
-    $objc_registerClassPair(_class);
-    return CYJSUndefined(context);
-} CYCatch }
-#endif
-/* }}} */
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     JSValueRef setup[count + 2];
@@ -2175,7 +2317,7 @@ static JSObjectRef Super_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t co
     id self(CYCastNSObject(pool, context, arguments[0]));
     Class _class(CYCastClass(pool, context, arguments[1]));
     return cy::Super::Make(context, self, _class);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef Selector_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 1)
@@ -2183,14 +2325,14 @@ static JSObjectRef Selector_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t
     CYPool pool;
     const char *name(CYPoolCString(pool, context, arguments[0]));
     return CYMakeSelector(context, sel_registerName(name));
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSObjectRef Instance_new(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count > 1)
         throw CYJSError(context, "incorrect number of arguments to Instance constructor");
     id self(count == 0 ? nil : CYCastPointer<id>(context, arguments[0]));
     return CYMakeInstance(context, self, false);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef CYValue_getProperty_value(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
     CYValue *internal(reinterpret_cast<CYValue *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -2220,13 +2362,13 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_constructor(JSContextRef context, JSObjec
     return Instance::Make(context, (id) object_getClass(internal->GetValue()));
 }
 
-static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_protocol(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_prototype(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
     id self(internal->GetValue());
     if (!CYIsClass(self))
         return CYJSUndefined(context);
     return CYGetClassPrototype(context, self);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_messages(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSStringRef property, JSValueRef *exception) {
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(object)));
@@ -2237,18 +2379,19 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_getProperty_messages(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRe
 }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, _this, Instance_))
+    if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
         return NULL;
 
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
-    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, CYCastNSCYON(internal->GetValue())));
-} CYCatch }
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, CYCastNSCYON(internal->GetValue(), false)));
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, _this, Instance_))
+    if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
         return NULL;
 
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+    id value(internal->GetValue());
 
     CYPoolTry {
         NSString *key;
@@ -2256,50 +2399,80 @@ static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
             key = nil;
         else
             key = CYCastNSString(NULL, context, CYJSString(context, arguments[0]));
-        // XXX: check for support of cy$toJSON?
-        return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, [internal->GetValue() cy$toJSON:key]));
+
+        if (!CYImplements(value, object_getClass(value), @selector(cy$toJSON:inContext:)))
+            return CYJSUndefined(context);
+        else if (JSValueRef json = [value cy$toJSON:key inContext:context])
+            return json;
+        else
+            return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, [value description]));
     } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
-#if 0
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_valueOf(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, _this, Instance_))
+    if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
         return NULL;
 
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
-    return CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(internal->GetValue()));
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
-#endif
+    id value(internal->GetValue());
+
+    if (![value respondsToSelector:@selector(cy$valueOfInContext:)])
+        return _this;
+
+    if (JSValueRef result = [value cy$valueOfInContext:context])
+        return result;
+
+    return _this;
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toPointer(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, _this, Instance_))
+    if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
         return NULL;
 
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     // XXX: but... but... THIS ISN'T A POINTER! :(
     return CYCastJSValue(context, reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(internal->GetValue()));
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Instance_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
-    if (!JSValueIsObjectOfClass(context, _this, Instance_))
+    if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
         return NULL;
 
     Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
-
     id value(internal->GetValue());
-    if (value == nil)
-        return CYCastJSValue(context, "nil");
 
     CYPoolTry {
         // XXX: this seems like a stupid implementation; what if it crashes? why not use the CYONifier backend?
-        return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, [internal->GetValue() description]));
+        return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, [value description]));
+    } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+
+static JSValueRef Class_callAsFunction_pointerTo(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
+    if (!CYJSValueIsNSObject(context, _this))
+        return NULL;
+
+    Instance *internal(reinterpret_cast<Instance *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
+    id value(internal->GetValue());
+
+    if (!CYIsClass(value))
+        CYThrow("non-Class object cannot be used as Type");
+
+    // XXX: this is a very silly implementation
+
+    std::ostringstream type;
+    type << "@\"";
+    type << class_getName(value);
+    type << "\"";
+
+    CYPoolTry {
+        return CYMakeType(context, type.str().c_str());
     } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_toString(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     Selector_privateData *internal(reinterpret_cast<Selector_privateData *>(JSObjectGetPrivate(_this)));
     return CYCastJSValue(context, sel_getName(internal->GetValue()));
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_toJSON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) {
     return Selector_callAsFunction_toString(context, object, _this, count, arguments, exception);
@@ -2313,7 +2486,7 @@ static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_toCYON(JSContextRef context, JSObjectR
         NSString *string([NSString stringWithFormat:@"@selector(%s)", name]);
         return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(context, string));
     } CYPoolCatch(NULL)
-} CYCatch return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
+} CYCatch(NULL) return /*XXX*/ NULL; }
 
 static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef object, JSObjectRef _this, size_t count, const JSValueRef arguments[], JSValueRef *exception) { CYTry {
     if (count != 1)
@@ -2333,7 +2506,7 @@ static JSValueRef Selector_callAsFunction_type(JSContextRef context, JSObjectRef
         return CYCastJSValue(context, CYJSString(type));
 
     return CYJSNull(context);
-} CYCatch }
+} CYCatch(NULL) }
 
 static JSStaticValue Selector_staticValues[2] = {
     {"value", &CYValue_getProperty_value, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
@@ -2343,21 +2516,26 @@ static JSStaticValue Selector_staticValues[2] = {
 static JSStaticValue Instance_staticValues[5] = {
     {"constructor", &Instance_getProperty_constructor, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"messages", &Instance_getProperty_messages, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
-    {"prototype", &Instance_getProperty_protocol, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"prototype", &Instance_getProperty_prototype, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"value", &CYValue_getProperty_value, NULL, kJSPropertyAttributeReadOnly | kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {NULL, NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
-static JSStaticFunction Instance_staticFunctions[6] = {
+static JSStaticFunction Instance_staticFunctions[7] = {
     {"$cya", &CYValue_callAsFunction_$cya, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"toCYON", &Instance_callAsFunction_toCYON, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"toJSON", &Instance_callAsFunction_toJSON, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
-    //{"valueOf", &Instance_callAsFunction_valueOf, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {"valueOf", &Instance_callAsFunction_valueOf, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"toPointer", &Instance_callAsFunction_toPointer, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {"toString", &Instance_callAsFunction_toString, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
+static JSStaticFunction Class_staticFunctions[2] = {
+    {"pointerTo", &Class_callAsFunction_pointerTo, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
+    {NULL, NULL, 0}
+};
+
 static JSStaticFunction Internal_staticFunctions[2] = {
     {"$cya", &Internal_callAsFunction_$cya, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
     {NULL, NULL, 0}
@@ -2371,21 +2549,30 @@ static JSStaticFunction Selector_staticFunctions[5] = {
     {NULL, NULL, 0}
 };
 
-static JSStaticFunction StringInstance_staticFunctions[2] = {
-    //{"valueOf", &Instance_callAsFunction_valueOf, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
-    {"toString", &Instance_callAsFunction_toString, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum | kJSPropertyAttributeDontDelete},
-    {NULL, NULL, 0}
-};
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+JSValueRef NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$(id self, SEL sel, JSValueRef key, JSContextRef context) { CYObjectiveTry_(context) {
+    return CYCastJSValue(context, [(NSString *) CFCopyDescription((CFTypeRef) self) autorelease]);
+} CYObjectiveCatch }
+#endif
 
 void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
+    $objc_setAssociatedObject = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(id, void *, id value, objc_AssociationPolicy)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_setAssociatedObject"));
+    $objc_getAssociatedObject = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, void *)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_getAssociatedObject"));
+    $objc_removeAssociatedObjects = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(id)>(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "objc_removeAssociatedObjects"));
+
     apr_pool_t *pool(CYGetGlobalPool());
 
     Object_type = new(pool) Type_privateData("@");
     Selector_type = new(pool) Type_privateData(":");
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-    NSCFBoolean_ = objc_getClass("NSCFBoolean");
+    // XXX: apparently, iOS now has both of these
+    NSCFBoolean_ = objc_getClass("__NSCFBoolean");
+    if (NSCFBoolean_ == nil)
+        NSCFBoolean_ = objc_getClass("NSCFBoolean");
+
     NSCFType_ = objc_getClass("NSCFType");
+    NSGenericDeallocHandler_ = objc_getClass("__NSGenericDeallocHandler");
     NSMessageBuilder_ = objc_getClass("NSMessageBuilder");
     NSZombie_ = objc_getClass("_NSZombie_");
 #else
@@ -2393,6 +2580,7 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
 #endif
 
     NSArray_ = objc_getClass("NSArray");
+    NSBlock_ = objc_getClass("NSBlock");
     NSDictionary_ = objc_getClass("NSDictionary");
     NSString_ = objc_getClass("NSString");
     Object_ = objc_getClass("Object");
@@ -2409,10 +2597,28 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.deleteProperty = &Instance_deleteProperty;
     definition.getPropertyNames = &Instance_getPropertyNames;
     definition.callAsConstructor = &Instance_callAsConstructor;
+    definition.callAsFunction = &Instance_callAsFunction;
     definition.hasInstance = &Instance_hasInstance;
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
     Instance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
+    definition.className = "ArrayInstance";
+    ArrayInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+    definition.className = "FunctionInstance";
+    FunctionInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+    definition.className = "ObjectInstance";
+    ObjectInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+    definition.className = "StringInstance";
+    StringInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
+    definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
+    definition.className = "Class";
+    definition.staticFunctions = Class_staticFunctions;
+    Class_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Internal";
     definition.staticFunctions = Internal_staticFunctions;
@@ -2450,11 +2656,6 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.finalize = &CYFinalize;
     Selector_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
-    definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
-    definition.className = "StringInstance";
-    definition.staticFunctions = StringInstance_staticFunctions;
-    StringInstance_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
-
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "Super";
     definition.staticFunctions = Internal_staticFunctions;
@@ -2467,6 +2668,12 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.getPropertyNames = &ObjectiveC_Classes_getPropertyNames;
     ObjectiveC_Classes_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
+    definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
+    definition.className = "ObjectiveC::Constants";
+    definition.getProperty = &ObjectiveC_Constants_getProperty;
+    definition.getPropertyNames = &ObjectiveC_Constants_getPropertyNames;
+    ObjectiveC_Constants_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
+
 #if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
     definition = kJSClassDefinitionEmpty;
     definition.className = "ObjectiveC::Images";
@@ -2487,12 +2694,8 @@ void CYObjectiveC_Initialize() { /*XXX*/ JSContextRef context(NULL); CYPoolTry {
     definition.getPropertyNames = &ObjectiveC_Protocols_getPropertyNames;
     ObjectiveC_Protocols_ = JSClassCreate(&definition);
 
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__arm__) && 0
-    MSHookFunction(&objc_registerClassPair, MSHake(objc_registerClassPair));
-#endif
-
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-    class_addMethod(NSCFType_, @selector(cy$toJSON:), reinterpret_cast<IMP>(&NSCFType$cy$toJSON), "@12@0:4@8");
+    class_addMethod(NSCFType_, @selector(cy$toJSON:inContext:), reinterpret_cast<IMP>(&NSCFType$cy$toJSON$inContext$), "^{OpaqueJSValue=}16@0:4@8^{OpaqueJSContext=}12");
 #endif
 } CYPoolCatch() }
 
@@ -2501,43 +2704,77 @@ void CYObjectiveC_SetupContext(JSContextRef context) { CYPoolTry {
     JSObjectRef cy(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, cy_s)));
     JSObjectRef cycript(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, global, CYJSString("Cycript"))));
     JSObjectRef all(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("all"))));
+    JSObjectRef alls(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("alls"))));
 
     JSObjectRef ObjectiveC(JSObjectMake(context, NULL, NULL));
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("ObjectiveC"), ObjectiveC);
 
-    CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC, CYJSString("classes"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Classes_, NULL));
-    CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC, CYJSString("protocols"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Protocols_, NULL));
+    JSObjectRef protocols(JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Protocols_, NULL));
+    CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC, CYJSString("protocols"), protocols);
+    CYArrayPush(context, alls, protocols);
+
+    JSObjectRef classes(JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Classes_, NULL));
+    CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC, CYJSString("classes"), classes);
+    CYArrayPush(context, alls, classes);
+
+    JSObjectRef constants(JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Constants_, NULL));
+    CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC, CYJSString("constants"), constants);
+    CYArrayPush(context, alls, constants);
 
 #if OBJC_API_VERSION >= 2
     CYSetProperty(context, ObjectiveC, CYJSString("images"), JSObjectMake(context, ObjectiveC_Images_, NULL));
 #endif
 
+    JSObjectRef Class(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Class_, NULL));
     JSObjectRef Instance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Instance_, &Instance_new));
     JSObjectRef Message(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Message_, NULL));
     JSObjectRef Selector(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Selector_, &Selector_new));
-    JSObjectRef StringInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, StringInstance_, NULL));
     JSObjectRef Super(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, Super_, &Super_new));
 
     JSObjectRef Instance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Instance, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Instance_prototype"), Instance_prototype);
 
+    JSObjectRef ArrayInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, ArrayInstance_, NULL));
+    JSObjectRef ArrayInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, ArrayInstance, prototype_s)));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("ArrayInstance_prototype"), ArrayInstance_prototype);
+    JSObjectRef Array_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Array_prototype")));
+    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, ArrayInstance_prototype, Array_prototype);
+
+    JSObjectRef FunctionInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, FunctionInstance_, NULL));
+    JSObjectRef FunctionInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, FunctionInstance, prototype_s)));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("FunctionInstance_prototype"), FunctionInstance_prototype);
+    JSObjectRef Function_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Function_prototype")));
+    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, FunctionInstance_prototype, Function_prototype);
+
+    JSObjectRef ObjectInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, ObjectInstance_, NULL));
+    JSObjectRef ObjectInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, ObjectInstance, prototype_s)));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("ObjectInstance_prototype"), ObjectInstance_prototype);
+    JSObjectRef Object_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Object_prototype")));
+    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, ObjectInstance_prototype, Object_prototype);
+
+    JSObjectRef StringInstance(JSObjectMakeConstructor(context, StringInstance_, NULL));
     JSObjectRef StringInstance_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, StringInstance, prototype_s)));
     CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("StringInstance_prototype"), StringInstance_prototype);
-
     JSObjectRef String_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("String_prototype")));
     JSObjectSetPrototype(context, StringInstance_prototype, String_prototype);
 
+    JSObjectRef Class_prototype(CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Class, prototype_s)));
+    CYSetProperty(context, cy, CYJSString("Class_prototype"), Class_prototype);
+    JSObjectSetPrototype(context, Class_prototype, Instance_prototype);
+
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Instance"), Instance);
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Selector"), Selector);
     CYSetProperty(context, cycript, CYJSString("Super"), Super);
 
+    JSObjectRef box(JSObjectMakeFunctionWithCallback(context, CYJSString("box"), &Instance_box_callAsFunction));
+    CYSetProperty(context, Instance, CYJSString("box"), box);
+
 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__arm__) && 0
     CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("objc_registerClassPair"), &objc_registerClassPair_, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 #endif
 
     CYSetProperty(context, all, CYJSString("objc_msgSend"), &$objc_msgSend, kJSPropertyAttributeDontEnum);
 
-    JSObjectRef Function_prototype(CYGetCachedObject(context, CYJSString("Function_prototype")));
     JSObjectSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Message, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);
     JSObjectSetPrototype(context, CYCastJSObject(context, CYGetProperty(context, Selector, prototype_s)), Function_prototype);
 } CYPoolCatch() }
@@ -2545,7 +2782,6 @@ void CYObjectiveC_SetupContext(JSContextRef context) { CYPoolTry {
 static CYHooks CYObjectiveCHooks = {
     &CYObjectiveC_ExecuteStart,
     &CYObjectiveC_ExecuteEnd,
-    &CYObjectiveC_RuntimeProperty,
     &CYObjectiveC_CallFunction,
     &CYObjectiveC_Initialize,
     &CYObjectiveC_SetupContext,