From 27c1ceb8daf4d5a03860b88ba19922bbf25980a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Akim Demaille Date: Wed, 29 Aug 2001 12:07:46 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] * doc/bison.texinfo: Modernize `@node' and `@top' use: just name the nodes. Be sure to tag the `detailmenu'. --- ChangeLog | 6 ++ doc/bison.info | 204 ++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- doc/bison.info-1 | 8 +- doc/bison.texinfo | 205 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- doc/fdl.texi | 2 - doc/gpl.texi | 2 +- doc/stamp-vti | 3 +- doc/version.texi | 3 +- 8 files changed, 222 insertions(+), 211 deletions(-) diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog index f6d28981..f7f5f0ac 100644 --- a/ChangeLog +++ b/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,9 @@ +2001-08-29 Akim Demaille + + * doc/bison.texinfo: Modernize `@node' and `@top' use: just name + the nodes. + Be sure to tag the `detailmenu'. + 2001-08-29 Akim Demaille * Makefile.maint (do-po-update): Wget refuses to overwrite files: diff --git a/doc/bison.info b/doc/bison.info index 633bc835..905b3e6c 100644 --- a/doc/bison.info +++ b/doc/bison.info @@ -31,111 +31,111 @@ instead of in the original English.  Indirect: bison.info-1: 1313 -bison.info-2: 50357 -bison.info-3: 99982 -bison.info-4: 148180 -bison.info-5: 191142 +bison.info-2: 50345 +bison.info-3: 99970 +bison.info-4: 148168 +bison.info-5: 191130  Tag Table: (Indirect) Node: Top1313 -Node: Introduction8698 -Node: Conditions9973 -Node: Copying11437 -Node: Concepts30640 -Node: Language and Grammar31719 -Node: Grammar in Bison36735 -Node: Semantic Values38659 -Node: Semantic Actions40760 -Node: Locations Overview41949 -Node: Bison Parser43396 -Node: Stages45708 -Node: Grammar Layout46991 -Node: Examples48248 -Node: RPN Calc49383 -Node: Rpcalc Decls50357 -Node: Rpcalc Rules51944 -Node: Rpcalc Input53744 -Node: Rpcalc Line55205 -Node: Rpcalc Expr56320 -Node: Rpcalc Lexer58265 -Node: Rpcalc Main60837 -Node: Rpcalc Error61235 -Node: Rpcalc Gen62243 -Node: Rpcalc Compile63392 -Node: Infix Calc64267 -Node: Simple Error Recovery66974 -Node: Multi-function Calc68860 -Node: Mfcalc Decl70426 -Node: Mfcalc Rules72449 -Node: Mfcalc Symtab73829 -Node: Exercises80202 -Node: Grammar File80708 -Node: Grammar Outline81556 -Node: C Declarations82290 -Node: Bison Declarations82870 -Node: Grammar Rules83282 -Node: C Code83742 -Node: Symbols84672 -Node: Rules89753 -Node: Recursion91392 -Node: Semantics93111 -Node: Value Type94205 -Node: Multiple Types94877 -Node: Actions95894 -Node: Action Types98679 -Node: Mid-Rule Actions99982 -Node: Locations105552 -Node: Location Type106200 -Node: Actions and Locations106758 -Node: Location Default Action108914 -Node: Declarations110377 -Node: Token Decl111696 -Node: Precedence Decl113709 -Node: Union Decl115260 -Node: Type Decl116104 -Node: Expect Decl117010 -Node: Start Decl118556 -Node: Pure Decl118934 -Node: Decl Summary120611 -Node: Multiple Parsers125994 -Node: Interface127488 -Node: Parser Function128360 -Node: Lexical129195 -Node: Calling Convention130601 -Node: Token Values133372 -Node: Token Positions134521 -Node: Pure Calling135406 -Node: Error Reporting138338 -Node: Action Features140460 -Node: Algorithm143755 -Node: Look-Ahead146048 -Node: Shift/Reduce148180 -Node: Precedence151092 -Node: Why Precedence151743 -Node: Using Precedence153608 -Node: Precedence Examples154576 -Node: How Precedence155277 -Node: Contextual Precedence156426 -Node: Parser States158217 -Node: Reduce/Reduce159460 -Node: Mystery Conflicts163021 -Node: Stack Overflow166407 -Node: Error Recovery167780 -Node: Context Dependency172916 -Node: Semantic Tokens173764 -Node: Lexical Tie-ins176781 -Node: Tie-in Recovery178329 -Node: Debugging180501 -Node: Invocation183802 -Node: Bison Options185054 -Node: Environment Variables188666 -Node: Option Cross Key189514 -Node: VMS Invocation190358 -Node: Table of Symbols191142 -Node: Glossary198781 -Node: Copying This Manual205085 -Node: GNU Free Documentation License205294 -Node: Index225159 +Node: Introduction8686 +Node: Conditions9961 +Node: Copying11425 +Node: Concepts30628 +Node: Language and Grammar31707 +Node: Grammar in Bison36723 +Node: Semantic Values38647 +Node: Semantic Actions40748 +Node: Locations Overview41937 +Node: Bison Parser43384 +Node: Stages45696 +Node: Grammar Layout46979 +Node: Examples48236 +Node: RPN Calc49371 +Node: Rpcalc Decls50345 +Node: Rpcalc Rules51932 +Node: Rpcalc Input53732 +Node: Rpcalc Line55193 +Node: Rpcalc Expr56308 +Node: Rpcalc Lexer58253 +Node: Rpcalc Main60825 +Node: Rpcalc Error61223 +Node: Rpcalc Gen62231 +Node: Rpcalc Compile63380 +Node: Infix Calc64255 +Node: Simple Error Recovery66962 +Node: Multi-function Calc68848 +Node: Mfcalc Decl70414 +Node: Mfcalc Rules72437 +Node: Mfcalc Symtab73817 +Node: Exercises80190 +Node: Grammar File80696 +Node: Grammar Outline81544 +Node: C Declarations82278 +Node: Bison Declarations82858 +Node: Grammar Rules83270 +Node: C Code83730 +Node: Symbols84660 +Node: Rules89741 +Node: Recursion91380 +Node: Semantics93099 +Node: Value Type94193 +Node: Multiple Types94865 +Node: Actions95882 +Node: Action Types98667 +Node: Mid-Rule Actions99970 +Node: Locations105540 +Node: Location Type106188 +Node: Actions and Locations106746 +Node: Location Default Action108902 +Node: Declarations110365 +Node: Token Decl111684 +Node: Precedence Decl113697 +Node: Union Decl115248 +Node: Type Decl116092 +Node: Expect Decl116998 +Node: Start Decl118544 +Node: Pure Decl118922 +Node: Decl Summary120599 +Node: Multiple Parsers125982 +Node: Interface127476 +Node: Parser Function128348 +Node: Lexical129183 +Node: Calling Convention130589 +Node: Token Values133360 +Node: Token Positions134509 +Node: Pure Calling135394 +Node: Error Reporting138326 +Node: Action Features140448 +Node: Algorithm143743 +Node: Look-Ahead146036 +Node: Shift/Reduce148168 +Node: Precedence151080 +Node: Why Precedence151731 +Node: Using Precedence153596 +Node: Precedence Examples154564 +Node: How Precedence155265 +Node: Contextual Precedence156414 +Node: Parser States158205 +Node: Reduce/Reduce159448 +Node: Mystery Conflicts163009 +Node: Stack Overflow166395 +Node: Error Recovery167768 +Node: Context Dependency172904 +Node: Semantic Tokens173752 +Node: Lexical Tie-ins176769 +Node: Tie-in Recovery178317 +Node: Debugging180489 +Node: Invocation183790 +Node: Bison Options185042 +Node: Environment Variables188654 +Node: Option Cross Key189502 +Node: VMS Invocation190346 +Node: Table of Symbols191130 +Node: Glossary198769 +Node: Copying This Manual205073 +Node: GNU Free Documentation License205282 +Node: Index225147  End Tag Table diff --git a/doc/bison.info-1 b/doc/bison.info-1 index 341a38ed..3961f742 100644 --- a/doc/bison.info-1 +++ b/doc/bison.info-1 @@ -29,9 +29,12 @@ included in translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the original English.  -File: bison.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) +File: bison.info, Node: Top, Next: Introduction, Up: (dir) - This manual documents version 1.28c of Bison. +Bison +***** + + This manual documents version 1.28c of Bison, updated 29 August 2001. * Menu: @@ -58,7 +61,6 @@ Reference sections: * Copying This Manual:: License for copying this manual. * Index:: Cross-references to the text. - --- The Detailed Node Listing --- The Concepts of Bison diff --git a/doc/bison.texinfo b/doc/bison.texinfo index f1dc64fa..517fcfdc 100644 --- a/doc/bison.texinfo +++ b/doc/bison.texinfo @@ -129,11 +129,13 @@ Cover art by Etienne Suvasa. @contents -@node Top, Introduction, (dir), (dir) +@ifnottex +@node Top +@top Bison -@ifinfo -This manual documents version @value{VERSION} of Bison. -@end ifinfo +This manual documents version @value{VERSION} of Bison, updated +@value{UPDATED}. +@end ifnottex @menu * Introduction:: @@ -159,7 +161,7 @@ Reference sections: * Copying This Manual:: License for copying this manual. * Index:: Cross-references to the text. - --- The Detailed Node Listing --- +@detailmenu --- The Detailed Node Listing --- The Concepts of Bison @@ -301,9 +303,10 @@ Copying This Manual * GNU Free Documentation License:: License for copying this manual. +@end detailmenu @end menu -@node Introduction, Conditions, Top, Top +@node Introduction @unnumbered Introduction @cindex introduction @@ -329,7 +332,7 @@ multi-character string literals and other features. This edition corresponds to version @value{VERSION} of Bison. -@node Conditions, Copying, Introduction, Top +@node Conditions @unnumbered Conditions for Using Bison As of Bison version 1.24, we have changed the distribution terms for @@ -359,7 +362,7 @@ using the other GNU tools. @include gpl.texi -@node Concepts, Examples, Copying, Top +@node Concepts @chapter The Concepts of Bison This chapter introduces many of the basic concepts without which the @@ -381,7 +384,7 @@ use Bison or Yacc, we suggest you start by reading this chapter carefully. * Grammar Layout:: Overall structure of a Bison grammar file. @end menu -@node Language and Grammar, Grammar in Bison, , Concepts +@node Language and Grammar @section Languages and Context-Free Grammars @cindex context-free grammar @@ -490,7 +493,7 @@ the grammar's start symbol. If we use a grammar for C, the entire input must be a `sequence of definitions and declarations'. If not, the parser reports a syntax error. -@node Grammar in Bison, Semantic Values, Language and Grammar, Concepts +@node Grammar in Bison @section From Formal Rules to Bison Input @cindex Bison grammar @cindex grammar, Bison @@ -535,7 +538,7 @@ stmt: RETURN expr ';' @noindent @xref{Rules, ,Syntax of Grammar Rules}. -@node Semantic Values, Semantic Actions, Grammar in Bison, Concepts +@node Semantic Values @section Semantic Values @cindex semantic value @cindex value, semantic @@ -577,7 +580,7 @@ semantic value that is a number. In a compiler for a programming language, an expression typically has a semantic value that is a tree structure describing the meaning of the expression. -@node Semantic Actions, Locations Overview, Semantic Values, Concepts +@node Semantic Actions @section Semantic Actions @cindex semantic actions @cindex actions, semantic @@ -608,7 +611,7 @@ expr: expr '+' expr @{ $$ = $1 + $3; @} The action says how to produce the semantic value of the sum expression from the values of the two subexpressions. -@node Locations Overview, Bison Parser, Semantic Actions, Concepts +@node Locations Overview @section Locations @cindex location @cindex textual position @@ -637,7 +640,7 @@ rule how @code{@@$} should be formed. When building a new location for a given grouping, the default behavior of the output parser is to take the beginning of the first symbol, and the end of the last symbol. -@node Bison Parser, Stages, Locations Overview, Concepts +@node Bison Parser @section Bison Output: the Parser File @cindex Bison parser @cindex Bison utility @@ -682,7 +685,7 @@ Therefore, you should avoid using C identifiers starting with @samp{yy} or @samp{YY} in the Bison grammar file except for the ones defined in this manual. -@node Stages, Grammar Layout, Bison Parser, Concepts +@node Stages @section Stages in Using Bison @cindex stages in using Bison @cindex using Bison @@ -724,7 +727,7 @@ Compile the code output by Bison, as well as any other source files. Link the object files to produce the finished product. @end enumerate -@node Grammar Layout, , Stages, Concepts +@node Grammar Layout @section The Overall Layout of a Bison Grammar @cindex grammar file @cindex file format @@ -767,7 +770,7 @@ definition of the lexical analyzer @code{yylex} goes here, plus subroutines called by the actions in the grammar rules. In a simple program, all the rest of the program can go here. -@node Examples, Grammar File, Concepts, Top +@node Examples @chapter Examples @cindex simple examples @cindex examples, simple @@ -796,7 +799,7 @@ to try them. * Exercises:: Ideas for improving the multi-function calculator. @end menu -@node RPN Calc, Infix Calc, , Examples +@node RPN Calc @section Reverse Polish Notation Calculator @cindex reverse polish notation @cindex polish notation calculator @@ -821,7 +824,7 @@ The source code for this calculator is named @file{rpcalc.y}. The * Comp: Rpcalc Compile. Run the C compiler on the output code. @end menu -@node Rpcalc Decls, Rpcalc Rules, , RPN Calc +@node Rpcalc Decls @subsection Declarations for @code{rpcalc} Here are the C and Bison declarations for the reverse polish notation @@ -861,7 +864,7 @@ arithmetic operators are designated by single-character literals, so the only terminal symbol that needs to be declared is @code{NUM}, the token type for numeric constants. -@node Rpcalc Rules, Rpcalc Lexer, Rpcalc Decls, RPN Calc +@node Rpcalc Rules @subsection Grammar Rules for @code{rpcalc} Here are the grammar rules for the reverse polish notation calculator. @@ -912,7 +915,7 @@ rule are referred to as @code{$1}, @code{$2}, and so on. * Rpcalc Expr:: @end menu -@node Rpcalc Input, Rpcalc Line, , Rpcalc Rules +@node Rpcalc Input @subsubsection Explanation of @code{input} Consider the definition of @code{input}: @@ -946,7 +949,7 @@ The parser function @code{yyparse} continues to process input until a grammatical error is seen or the lexical analyzer says there are no more input tokens; we will arrange for the latter to happen at end of file. -@node Rpcalc Line, Rpcalc Expr, Rpcalc Input, Rpcalc Rules +@node Rpcalc Line @subsubsection Explanation of @code{line} Now consider the definition of @code{line}: @@ -971,7 +974,7 @@ uninitialized (its value will be unpredictable). This would be a bug if that value were ever used, but we don't use it: once rpcalc has printed the value of the user's input line, that value is no longer needed. -@node Rpcalc Expr, , Rpcalc Line, Rpcalc Rules +@node Rpcalc Expr @subsubsection Explanation of @code{expr} The @code{exp} grouping has several rules, one for each kind of expression. @@ -1030,7 +1033,7 @@ exp: NUM @noindent The latter, however, is much more readable. -@node Rpcalc Lexer, Rpcalc Main, Rpcalc Rules, RPN Calc +@node Rpcalc Lexer @subsection The @code{rpcalc} Lexical Analyzer @cindex writing a lexical analyzer @cindex lexical analyzer, writing @@ -1105,7 +1108,7 @@ yylex (void) @end group @end example -@node Rpcalc Main, Rpcalc Error, Rpcalc Lexer, RPN Calc +@node Rpcalc Main @subsection The Controlling Function @cindex controlling function @cindex main function in simple example @@ -1124,7 +1127,7 @@ main (void) @end group @end example -@node Rpcalc Error, Rpcalc Gen, Rpcalc Main, RPN Calc +@node Rpcalc Error @subsection The Error Reporting Routine @cindex error reporting routine @@ -1153,7 +1156,7 @@ have not written any error rules in this example, so any invalid input will cause the calculator program to exit. This is not clean behavior for a real calculator, but it is adequate for the first example. -@node Rpcalc Gen, Rpcalc Compile, Rpcalc Error, RPN Calc +@node Rpcalc Gen @subsection Running Bison to Make the Parser @cindex running Bison (introduction) @@ -1182,7 +1185,7 @@ Bison contains the source code for @code{yyparse}. The additional functions in the input file (@code{yylex}, @code{yyerror} and @code{main}) are copied verbatim to the output. -@node Rpcalc Compile, , Rpcalc Gen, RPN Calc +@node Rpcalc Compile @subsection Compiling the Parser File @cindex compiling the parser @@ -1227,7 +1230,7 @@ example session using @code{rpcalc}. % @end example -@node Infix Calc, Simple Error Recovery, RPN Calc, Examples +@node Infix Calc @section Infix Notation Calculator: @code{calc} @cindex infix notation calculator @cindex @code{calc} @@ -1313,7 +1316,7 @@ Here is a sample run of @file{calc.y}: 9 @end example -@node Simple Error Recovery, Multi-function Calc, Infix Calc, Examples +@node Simple Error Recovery @section Simple Error Recovery @cindex error recovery, simple @@ -1355,7 +1358,7 @@ input lines; it would also have to discard the rest of the current line of input. We won't discuss this issue further because it is not specific to Bison programs. -@node Multi-function Calc, Exercises, Simple Error Recovery, Examples +@node Multi-function Calc @section Multi-Function Calculator: @code{mfcalc} @cindex multi-function calculator @cindex @code{mfcalc} @@ -1407,7 +1410,7 @@ Note that multiple assignment and nested function calls are permitted. * Symtab: Mfcalc Symtab. Symbol table management subroutines. @end menu -@node Mfcalc Decl, Mfcalc Rules, , Multi-function Calc +@node Mfcalc Decl @subsection Declarations for @code{mfcalc} Here are the C and Bison declarations for the multi-function calculator. @@ -1458,7 +1461,7 @@ just as @code{%token} is used for declaring token types. We have not used implicitly by the rules that define them. But @code{exp} must be declared explicitly so we can specify its value type. @xref{Type Decl, ,Nonterminal Symbols}. -@node Mfcalc Rules, Mfcalc Symtab, Mfcalc Decl, Multi-function Calc +@node Mfcalc Rules @subsection Grammar Rules for @code{mfcalc} Here are the grammar rules for the multi-function calculator. @@ -1492,7 +1495,7 @@ exp: NUM @{ $$ = $1; @} %% @end smallexample -@node Mfcalc Symtab, , Mfcalc Rules, Multi-function Calc +@node Mfcalc Symtab @subsection The @code{mfcalc} Symbol Table @cindex symbol table example @@ -1733,7 +1736,7 @@ This program is both powerful and flexible. You may easily add new functions, and it is a simple job to modify this code to install predefined variables such as @code{pi} or @code{e} as well. -@node Exercises, , Multi-function Calc, Examples +@node Exercises @section Exercises @cindex exercises @@ -1751,7 +1754,7 @@ Make the program report an error if the user refers to an uninitialized variable in any way except to store a value in it. @end enumerate -@node Grammar File, Interface, Examples, Top +@node Grammar File @chapter Bison Grammar Files Bison takes as input a context-free grammar specification and produces a @@ -1771,7 +1774,7 @@ The Bison grammar input file conventionally has a name ending in @samp{.y}. * Multiple Parsers:: Putting more than one Bison parser in one program. @end menu -@node Grammar Outline, Symbols, , Grammar File +@node Grammar Outline @section Outline of a Bison Grammar A Bison grammar file has four main sections, shown here with the @@ -1800,7 +1803,7 @@ Comments enclosed in @samp{/* @dots{} */} may appear in any of the sections. * C Code:: Syntax and usage of the additional C code section. @end menu -@node C Declarations, Bison Declarations, , Grammar Outline +@node C Declarations @subsection The C Declarations Section @cindex C declarations section @cindex declarations, C @@ -1813,7 +1816,7 @@ that they precede the definition of @code{yyparse}. You can use need any C declarations, you may omit the @samp{%@{} and @samp{%@}} delimiters that bracket this section. -@node Bison Declarations, Grammar Rules, C Declarations, Grammar Outline +@node Bison Declarations @subsection The Bison Declarations Section @cindex Bison declarations (introduction) @cindex declarations, Bison (introduction) @@ -1823,7 +1826,7 @@ terminal and nonterminal symbols, specify precedence, and so on. In some simple grammars you may not need any declarations. @xref{Declarations, ,Bison Declarations}. -@node Grammar Rules, C Code, Bison Declarations, Grammar Outline +@node Grammar Rules @subsection The Grammar Rules Section @cindex grammar rules section @cindex rules section for grammar @@ -1835,7 +1838,7 @@ There must always be at least one grammar rule, and the first @samp{%%} (which precedes the grammar rules) may never be omitted even if it is the first thing in the file. -@node C Code, , Grammar Rules, Grammar Outline +@node C Code @subsection The Additional C Code Section @cindex additional C code section @cindex C code, section for additional @@ -1856,7 +1859,7 @@ with @samp{yy} and many macros whose names start with @samp{YY}. It is a good idea to avoid using any such names (except those documented in this manual) in the additional C code section of the grammar file. -@node Symbols, Rules, Grammar Outline, Grammar File +@node Symbols @section Symbols, Terminal and Nonterminal @cindex nonterminal symbol @cindex terminal symbol @@ -1968,7 +1971,7 @@ The symbol @code{error} is a terminal symbol reserved for error recovery (@pxref{Error Recovery}); you shouldn't use it for any other purpose. In particular, @code{yylex} should never return this value. -@node Rules, Recursion, Symbols, Grammar File +@node Rules @section Syntax of Grammar Rules @cindex rule syntax @cindex grammar rule syntax @@ -2063,7 +2066,7 @@ expseq1: exp It is customary to write a comment @samp{/* empty */} in each rule with no components. -@node Recursion, Semantics, Rules, Grammar File +@node Recursion @section Recursive Rules @cindex recursive rule @@ -2132,7 +2135,7 @@ primary: constant defines two mutually-recursive nonterminals, since each refers to the other. -@node Semantics, Locations, Recursion, Grammar File +@node Semantics @section Defining Language Semantics @cindex defining language semantics @cindex language semantics, defining @@ -2156,7 +2159,7 @@ the numbers associated with @var{x} and @var{y}. action in the middle of a rule. @end menu -@node Value Type, Multiple Types, , Semantics +@node Value Type @subsection Data Types of Semantic Values @cindex semantic value type @cindex value type, semantic @@ -2178,7 +2181,7 @@ specify some other type, define @code{YYSTYPE} as a macro, like this: This macro definition must go in the C declarations section of the grammar file (@pxref{Grammar Outline, ,Outline of a Bison Grammar}). -@node Multiple Types, Actions, Value Type, Semantics +@node Multiple Types @subsection More Than One Value Type In most programs, you will need different data types for different kinds @@ -2202,7 +2205,7 @@ and for groupings with the @code{%type} Bison declaration (@pxref{Type Decl, ,Nonterminal Symbols}). @end itemize -@node Actions, Action Types, Multiple Types, Semantics +@node Actions @subsection Actions @cindex action @vindex $$ @@ -2278,7 +2281,7 @@ As long as @code{bar} is used only in the fashion shown here, @code{$0} always refers to the @code{expr} which precedes @code{bar} in the definition of @code{foo}. -@node Action Types, Mid-Rule Actions, Actions, Semantics +@node Action Types @subsection Data Types of Values in Actions @cindex action data types @cindex data types in actions @@ -2323,7 +2326,7 @@ reference. For example, if you have defined types as shown here: then you can write @code{$1} to refer to the first subunit of the rule as an integer, or @code{$1} to refer to it as a double. -@node Mid-Rule Actions, , Action Types, Semantics +@node Mid-Rule Actions @subsection Actions in Mid-Rule @cindex actions in mid-rule @cindex mid-rule actions @@ -2485,7 +2488,7 @@ the action is now at the end of its rule. Any mid-rule action can be converted to an end-of-rule action in this way, and this is what Bison actually does to implement mid-rule actions. -@node Locations, Declarations, Semantics, Grammar File +@node Locations @section Tracking Locations @cindex location @cindex textual position @@ -2506,7 +2509,7 @@ to take when rules are matched. * Location Default Action:: Defining a general way to compute locations. @end menu -@node Location Type, Actions and Locations, , Locations +@node Location Type @subsection Data Type of Locations @cindex data type of locations @cindex default location type @@ -2528,7 +2531,7 @@ struct @} @end example -@node Actions and Locations, Location Default Action, Location Type, Locations +@node Actions and Locations @subsection Actions and Locations @cindex location actions @cindex actions, location @@ -2595,7 +2598,7 @@ exp: @dots{} @end group @end example -@node Location Default Action, , Actions and Locations, Locations +@node Location Default Action @subsection Default Action for Locations @vindex YYLLOC_DEFAULT @@ -2639,7 +2642,7 @@ For consistency with semantic actions, valid indexes for the location array range from 1 to @var{n}. @end itemize -@node Declarations, Multiple Parsers, Locations, Grammar File +@node Declarations @section Bison Declarations @cindex declarations, Bison @cindex Bison declarations @@ -2668,7 +2671,7 @@ it explicitly (@pxref{Language and Grammar, ,Languages and Context-Free Grammars * Decl Summary:: Table of all Bison declarations. @end menu -@node Token Decl, Precedence Decl, , Declarations +@node Token Decl @subsection Token Type Names @cindex declaring token type names @cindex token type names, declaring @@ -2742,7 +2745,7 @@ interchangeably in further declarations or the grammar rules. The @code{yylex} function can use the token name or the literal string to obtain the token type code number (@pxref{Calling Convention}). -@node Precedence Decl, Union Decl, Token Decl, Declarations +@node Precedence Decl @subsection Operator Precedence @cindex precedence declarations @cindex declaring operator precedence @@ -2791,7 +2794,7 @@ When two tokens declared in different precedence declarations associate, the one declared later has the higher precedence and is grouped first. @end itemize -@node Union Decl, Type Decl, Precedence Decl, Declarations +@node Union Decl @subsection The Collection of Value Types @cindex declaring value types @cindex value types, declaring @@ -2822,7 +2825,7 @@ for a terminal or nonterminal symbol (@pxref{Type Decl, ,Nonterminal Symbols}). Note that, unlike making a @code{union} declaration in C, you do not write a semicolon after the closing brace. -@node Type Decl, Expect Decl, Union Decl, Declarations +@node Type Decl @subsection Nonterminal Symbols @cindex declaring value types, nonterminals @cindex value types, nonterminals, declaring @@ -2849,7 +2852,7 @@ use the same @code{<@var{type}>} construction in a declaration for the terminal symbol. All kinds of token declarations allow @code{<@var{type}>}. -@node Expect Decl, Start Decl, Type Decl, Declarations +@node Expect Decl @subsection Suppressing Conflict Warnings @cindex suppressing conflict warnings @cindex preventing warnings about conflicts @@ -2897,7 +2900,7 @@ Now Bison will stop annoying you about the conflicts you have checked, but it will warn you again if changes in the grammar result in additional conflicts. -@node Start Decl, Pure Decl, Expect Decl, Declarations +@node Start Decl @subsection The Start-Symbol @cindex declaring the start symbol @cindex start symbol, declaring @@ -2912,7 +2915,7 @@ may override this restriction with the @code{%start} declaration as follows: %start @var{symbol} @end example -@node Pure Decl, Decl Summary, Start Decl, Declarations +@node Pure Decl @subsection A Pure (Reentrant) Parser @cindex reentrant parser @cindex pure parser @@ -2952,7 +2955,7 @@ Whether the parser is pure has nothing to do with the grammar rules. You can generate either a pure parser or a nonreentrant parser from any valid grammar. -@node Decl Summary, , Pure Decl, Declarations +@node Decl Summary @subsection Bison Declaration Summary @cindex Bison declaration summary @cindex declaration summary @@ -3109,7 +3112,7 @@ The number of parser states (@pxref{Parser States}). @end table @end table -@node Multiple Parsers,, Declarations, Grammar File +@node Multiple Parsers @section Multiple Parsers in the Same Program Most programs that use Bison parse only one language and therefore contain @@ -3139,7 +3142,7 @@ of the parser source file, defining @code{yyparse} as @code{@var{prefix}parse}, and so on. This effectively substitutes one name for the other in the entire parser file. -@node Interface, Algorithm, Grammar File, Top +@node Interface @chapter Parser C-Language Interface @cindex C-language interface @cindex interface @@ -3161,7 +3164,7 @@ C code in the grammar file, you are likely to run into trouble. * Action Features:: Special features for use in actions. @end menu -@node Parser Function, Lexical, , Interface +@node Parser Function @section The Parser Function @code{yyparse} @findex yyparse @@ -3189,7 +3192,7 @@ Return immediately with value 0 (to report success). Return immediately with value 1 (to report failure). @end table -@node Lexical, Error Reporting, Parser Function, Interface +@node Lexical @section The Lexical Analyzer Function @code{yylex} @findex yylex @cindex lexical analyzer @@ -3218,7 +3221,7 @@ that need it. @xref{Invocation, ,Invoking Bison}.@refill in a pure parser (@pxref{Pure Decl, ,A Pure (Reentrant) Parser}). @end menu -@node Calling Convention, Token Values, , Lexical +@node Calling Convention @subsection Calling Convention for @code{yylex} The value that @code{yylex} returns must be the numeric code for the type @@ -3295,7 +3298,7 @@ The @code{yytname} table is generated only if you use the @code{%token_table} declaration. @xref{Decl Summary}. @end itemize -@node Token Values, Token Positions, Calling Convention, Lexical +@node Token Values @subsection Semantic Values of Tokens @vindex yylval @@ -3341,7 +3344,7 @@ then the code in @code{yylex} might look like this: @end group @end example -@node Token Positions, Pure Calling, Token Values, Lexical +@node Token Positions @subsection Textual Positions of Tokens @vindex yylloc @@ -3362,7 +3365,7 @@ feature makes the parser noticeably slower. @tindex YYLTYPE The data type of @code{yylloc} has the name @code{YYLTYPE}. -@node Pure Calling, , Token Positions, Lexical +@node Pure Calling @subsection Calling Conventions for Pure Parsers When you use the Bison declaration @code{%pure_parser} to request a @@ -3469,7 +3472,7 @@ You can use @samp{%pure_parser} to request a reentrant parser without also using @code{YYPARSE_PARAM}. Then you should call @code{yyparse} with no arguments, as usual. -@node Error Reporting, Action Features, Lexical, Interface +@node Error Reporting @section The Error Reporting Function @code{yyerror} @cindex error reporting function @findex yyerror @@ -3529,7 +3532,7 @@ encountered so far. Normally this variable is global; but if you request a pure parser (@pxref{Pure Decl, ,A Pure (Reentrant) Parser}) then it is a local variable which only the actions can access. -@node Action Features, , Error Reporting, Interface +@node Action Features @section Special Features for Use in Actions @cindex summary, action features @cindex action features summary @@ -3643,7 +3646,7 @@ Tracking Locations}. @end table -@node Algorithm, Error Recovery, Interface, Top +@node Algorithm @chapter The Bison Parser Algorithm @cindex Bison parser algorithm @cindex algorithm of parser @@ -3710,7 +3713,7 @@ This kind of parser is known in the literature as a bottom-up parser. * Stack Overflow:: What happens when stack gets full. How to avoid it. @end menu -@node Look-Ahead, Shift/Reduce, , Algorithm +@node Look-Ahead @section Look-Ahead Tokens @cindex look-ahead token @@ -3765,7 +3768,7 @@ doing so would produce on the stack the sequence of symbols @code{expr The current look-ahead token is stored in the variable @code{yychar}. @xref{Action Features, ,Special Features for Use in Actions}. -@node Shift/Reduce, Precedence, Look-Ahead, Algorithm +@node Shift/Reduce @section Shift/Reduce Conflicts @cindex conflicts @cindex shift/reduce conflicts @@ -3861,7 +3864,7 @@ expr: variable ; @end example -@node Precedence, Contextual Precedence, Shift/Reduce, Algorithm +@node Precedence @section Operator Precedence @cindex operator precedence @cindex precedence of operators @@ -3878,7 +3881,7 @@ shift and when to reduce. * How Precedence:: How they work. @end menu -@node Why Precedence, Using Precedence, , Precedence +@node Why Precedence @subsection When Precedence is Needed Consider the following ambiguous grammar fragment (ambiguous because the @@ -3925,7 +3928,7 @@ matter of whether the parser chooses to shift or reduce when the stack contains @w{@samp{1 - 2}} and the look-ahead token is @samp{-}: shifting makes right-associativity. -@node Using Precedence, Precedence Examples, Why Precedence, Precedence +@node Using Precedence @subsection Specifying Operator Precedence @findex %left @findex %right @@ -3946,7 +3949,7 @@ order in which they are declared. The first @code{%left} or precedence is lowest, the next such declaration declares the operators whose precedence is a little higher, and so on. -@node Precedence Examples, How Precedence, Using Precedence, Precedence +@node Precedence Examples @subsection Precedence Examples In our example, we would want the following declarations: @@ -3972,7 +3975,7 @@ declared with @code{'-'}: and so on. We assume that these tokens are more than one character long and therefore are represented by names, not character literals.) -@node How Precedence, , Precedence Examples, Precedence +@node How Precedence @subsection How Precedence Works The first effect of the precedence declarations is to assign precedence @@ -3993,7 +3996,7 @@ how each conflict was resolved. Not all rules and not all tokens have precedence. If either the rule or the look-ahead token has no precedence, then the default is to shift. -@node Contextual Precedence, Parser States, Precedence, Algorithm +@node Contextual Precedence @section Context-Dependent Precedence @cindex context-dependent precedence @cindex unary operator precedence @@ -4051,7 +4054,7 @@ exp: @dots{} @end group @end example -@node Parser States, Reduce/Reduce, Contextual Precedence, Algorithm +@node Parser States @section Parser States @cindex finite-state machine @cindex parser state @@ -4077,7 +4080,7 @@ There is one other alternative: the table can say that the look-ahead token is erroneous in the current state. This causes error processing to begin (@pxref{Error Recovery}). -@node Reduce/Reduce, Mystery Conflicts, Parser States, Algorithm +@node Reduce/Reduce @section Reduce/Reduce Conflicts @cindex reduce/reduce conflict @cindex conflicts, reduce/reduce @@ -4192,7 +4195,7 @@ redirects:redirect ; @end example -@node Mystery Conflicts, Stack Overflow, Reduce/Reduce, Algorithm +@node Mystery Conflicts @section Mysterious Reduce/Reduce Conflicts Sometimes reduce/reduce conflicts can occur that don't look warranted. @@ -4300,7 +4303,7 @@ return_spec: ; @end example -@node Stack Overflow, , Mystery Conflicts, Algorithm +@node Stack Overflow @section Stack Overflow, and How to Avoid It @cindex stack overflow @cindex parser stack overflow @@ -4334,7 +4337,7 @@ You can control how much stack is allocated initially by defining the macro @code{YYINITDEPTH}. This value too must be a compile-time constant integer. The default is 200. -@node Error Recovery, Context Dependency, Algorithm, Top +@node Error Recovery @chapter Error Recovery @cindex error recovery @cindex recovery from errors @@ -4452,7 +4455,7 @@ value 1 when the parser is recovering from a syntax error, and 0 the rest of the time. A value of 1 indicates that error messages are currently suppressed for new syntax errors. -@node Context Dependency, Debugging, Error Recovery, Top +@node Context Dependency @chapter Handling Context Dependencies The Bison paradigm is to parse tokens first, then group them into larger @@ -4471,7 +4474,7 @@ languages. (Actually, ``kludge'' means any technique that gets its job done but is neither clean nor robust.) -@node Semantic Tokens, Lexical Tie-ins, , Context Dependency +@node Semantic Tokens @section Semantic Info in Token Types The C language has a context dependency: the way an identifier is used @@ -4546,7 +4549,7 @@ here the information is global, and is used for other purposes in the program. A true lexical tie-in has a special-purpose flag controlled by the syntactic context. -@node Lexical Tie-ins, Tie-in Recovery, Semantic Tokens, Context Dependency +@node Lexical Tie-ins @section Lexical Tie-ins @cindex lexical tie-in @@ -4600,7 +4603,7 @@ the parser file is needed to make it accessible to the actions (@pxref{C Declarations, ,The C Declarations Section}). You must also write the code in @code{yylex} to obey the flag. -@node Tie-in Recovery, , Lexical Tie-ins, Context Dependency +@node Tie-in Recovery @section Lexical Tie-ins and Error Recovery Lexical tie-ins make strict demands on any error recovery rules you have. @@ -4655,7 +4658,7 @@ make sure your error recovery rules are not of this kind. Each rule must be such that you can be sure that it always will, or always won't, have to clear the flag. -@node Debugging, Invocation, Context Dependency, Top +@node Debugging @chapter Debugging Your Parser @findex YYDEBUG @findex yydebug @@ -4737,7 +4740,7 @@ yyprint (FILE *file, int type, YYSTYPE value) @} @end smallexample -@node Invocation, Table of Symbols, Debugging, Top +@node Invocation @chapter Invoking Bison @cindex invoking Bison @cindex Bison invocation @@ -4783,7 +4786,7 @@ will produce @file{output.c++} and @file{outfile.h++}. * VMS Invocation:: Bison command syntax on VMS. @end menu -@node Bison Options, Environment Variables, , Invocation +@node Bison Options @section Bison Options Bison supports both traditional single-letter options and mnemonic long @@ -4907,7 +4910,7 @@ Bison. If the grammar file is @file{foo.y}, the VCG output file will be @file{foo.vcg}. @end table -@node Environment Variables, Option Cross Key, Bison Options, Invocation +@node Environment Variables @section Environment Variables @cindex environment variables @cindex BISON_HAIRY @@ -4932,7 +4935,7 @@ also be specified or overridden in a similar fashion, with the @end table -@node Option Cross Key, VMS Invocation, Environment Variables, Invocation +@node Option Cross Key @section Option Cross Key Here is a list of options, alphabetized by long option, to help you find @@ -4976,7 +4979,7 @@ the corresponding short option. @end example @end ifinfo -@node VMS Invocation, , Option Cross Key, Invocation +@node VMS Invocation @section Invoking Bison under VMS @cindex invoking Bison under VMS @cindex VMS @@ -5004,7 +5007,7 @@ The VMS file system does not permit filenames such as @file{foo.tab.c}. In the above example, the output file would instead be named @file{foo_tab.c}. -@node Table of Symbols, Glossary, Invocation, Top +@node Table of Symbols @appendix Bison Symbols @cindex Bison symbols, table of @cindex symbols in Bison, table of @@ -5223,7 +5226,7 @@ Separates alternate rules for the same result nonterminal. @xref{Rules, ,Syntax of Grammar Rules}. @end table -@node Glossary, Copying This Manual, Table of Symbols, Top +@node Glossary @appendix Glossary @cindex glossary @@ -5384,7 +5387,7 @@ grammatically indivisible. The piece of text it represents is a token. @xref{Language and Grammar, ,Languages and Context-Free Grammars}. @end table -@node Copying This Manual, Index, Glossary, Top +@node Copying This Manual @appendix Copying This Manual @menu @@ -5393,7 +5396,7 @@ grammatically indivisible. The piece of text it represents is a token. @include fdl.texi -@node Index, , Copying This Manual, Top +@node Index @unnumbered Index @printindex cp diff --git a/doc/fdl.texi b/doc/fdl.texi index 361f90f7..a52d0a96 100644 --- a/doc/fdl.texi +++ b/doc/fdl.texi @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ - @node GNU Free Documentation License @appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License @@ -400,4 +399,3 @@ to permit their use in free software. @c Local Variables: @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" @c End: - diff --git a/doc/gpl.texi b/doc/gpl.texi index 6cd578e8..852fa5cf 100644 --- a/doc/gpl.texi +++ b/doc/gpl.texi @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -@node Copying, Concepts, Conditions, Top +@node Copying @unnumbered GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE @center Version 2, June 1991 diff --git a/doc/stamp-vti b/doc/stamp-vti index 45e050c3..d48bb77f 100644 --- a/doc/stamp-vti +++ b/doc/stamp-vti @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ -@set UPDATED 16 August 2001 +@set UPDATED 29 August 2001 +@set UPDATED-MONTH August 2001 @set EDITION 1.28c @set VERSION 1.28c diff --git a/doc/version.texi b/doc/version.texi index 45e050c3..d48bb77f 100644 --- a/doc/version.texi +++ b/doc/version.texi @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ -@set UPDATED 16 August 2001 +@set UPDATED 29 August 2001 +@set UPDATED-MONTH August 2001 @set EDITION 1.28c @set VERSION 1.28c -- 2.50.0