X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/bison.git/blobdiff_plain/630a021850386acaee461fccee27718577d0a799..8a4ec3595b706180f53458607cd64cca07af24cb:/doc/bison.texi?ds=sidebyside

diff --git a/doc/bison.texi b/doc/bison.texi
index 58a14f8b..d4022159 100644
--- a/doc/bison.texi
+++ b/doc/bison.texi
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
 @comment %**start of header
 @setfilename bison.info
+@documentencoding UTF-8
+@documentlanguage en
 @include version.texi
 @settitle Bison @value{VERSION}
 @setchapternewpage odd
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@
 This manual (@value{UPDATED}) is for GNU Bison (version
 @value{VERSION}), the GNU parser generator.
 
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988-1993, 1995, 1998-2013 Free Software
+Copyright @copyright{} 1988-1993, 1995, 1998-2015 Free Software
 Foundation, Inc.
 
 @quotation
@@ -366,6 +368,7 @@ Java Parsers
 * Java Parser Interface::       Instantiating and running the parser
 * Java Scanner Interface::      Specifying the scanner for the parser
 * Java Action Features::        Special features for use in actions
+* Java Push Parser Interface::  Instantiating and running the a push parser
 * Java Differences::            Differences between C/C++ and Java Grammars
 * Java Declarations Summary::   List of Bison declarations used with Java
 
@@ -2160,7 +2163,7 @@ the same as the declarations for the infix notation calculator.
 %@}
 
 /* Bison declarations.  */
-%define api.value.type int
+%define api.value.type @{int@}
 %token NUM
 
 %left '-' '+'
@@ -3848,7 +3851,7 @@ example:
 @noindent
 specifies the union tag @code{value}, so the corresponding C type is
 @code{union value}.  If you do not specify a tag, it defaults to
-@code{YYSTYPE}.
+@code{YYSTYPE} (@pxref{%define Summary,,api.value.union.name}).
 
 As another extension to POSIX, you may specify multiple @code{%union}
 declarations; their contents are concatenated.  However, only the first
@@ -3885,7 +3888,7 @@ and then your grammar can use the following instead of @code{%union}:
 %@{
 #include "parser.h"
 %@}
-%define api.value.type "union YYSTYPE"
+%define api.value.type @{union YYSTYPE@}
 %type <val> expr
 %token <tptr> ID
 @end group
@@ -5142,7 +5145,9 @@ value by default.  However, when the parser displays a @code{STRING1} or a
 @code{string1}, it formats it as a string in double quotes.  It performs
 only the second @code{%printer} in this case, so it prints only once.
 Finally, the parser print @samp{<>} for any symbol, such as @code{TAGLESS},
-that has no semantic type tag.  See also
+that has no semantic type tag.  @xref{Mfcalc Traces, ,Enabling Debug Traces
+for @code{mfcalc}}, for a complete example.
+
 
 
 @node Expect Decl
@@ -5450,6 +5455,7 @@ parse.trace}.
 
 @deffn {Directive} %define @var{variable}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @var{value}
+@deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @{@var{value}@}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} "@var{value}"
 Define a variable to adjust Bison's behavior.  @xref{%define Summary}.
 @end deffn
@@ -5499,7 +5505,7 @@ preprocessor guard: @samp{YY_@var{PREFIX}_@var{FILE}_INCLUDED}, where
 uppercase, with each series of non alphanumerical characters converted to a
 single underscore.
 
-For instance with @samp{%define api.prefix "calc"} and @samp{%defines
+For instance with @samp{%define api.prefix @{calc@}} and @samp{%defines
 "lib/parse.h"}, the header will be guarded as follows.
 @example
 #ifndef YY_CALC_LIB_PARSE_H_INCLUDED
@@ -5661,17 +5667,17 @@ features are associated with variables, which are assigned by the
 
 @deffn {Directive} %define @var{variable}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @var{value}
+@deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @{@var{value}@}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} "@var{value}"
 Define @var{variable} to @var{value}.
 
-@var{value} must be placed in quotation marks if it contains any
-character other than a letter, underscore, period, or non-initial dash
-or digit.  Omitting @code{"@var{value}"} entirely is always equivalent
-to specifying @code{""}.
+The type of the values depend on the syntax.  Braces denote value in the
+target language (e.g., a namespace, a type, etc.).  Keyword values (no
+delimiters) denote finite choice (e.g., a variation of a feature).  String
+values denote remaining cases (e.g., a file name).
 
-It is an error if a @var{variable} is defined by @code{%define}
-multiple times, but see @ref{Bison Options,,-D
-@var{name}[=@var{value}]}.
+It is an error if a @var{variable} is defined by @code{%define} multiple
+times, but see @ref{Bison Options,,-D @var{name}[=@var{value}]}.
 @end deffn
 
 The rest of this section summarizes variables and values that
@@ -5753,7 +5759,7 @@ The parser namespace is @code{foo} and @code{yylex} is referenced as
 @c api.namespace
 
 @c ================================================== api.location.type
-@deffn {Directive} {%define api.location.type} @var{type}
+@deffn {Directive} {%define api.location.type} @{@var{type}@}
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @item Language(s): C++, Java
@@ -5772,7 +5778,7 @@ Introduced in Bison 2.7 for C, C++ and Java.  Introduced under the name
 @end deffn
 
 @c ================================================== api.prefix
-@deffn {Directive} {%define api.prefix} @var{prefix}
+@deffn {Directive} {%define api.prefix} @{@var{prefix}@}
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @item Language(s): All
@@ -5789,7 +5795,7 @@ Introduced in Bison 2.7 for C, C++ and Java.  Introduced under the name
 @end deffn
 
 @c ================================================== api.pure
-@deffn Directive {%define api.pure}
+@deffn Directive {%define api.pure} @var{purity}
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @item Language(s): C
@@ -5877,7 +5883,7 @@ Boolean.
 @item Default Value:
 @code{false}
 @item History:
-introduced in Bison 2.8
+introduced in Bison 3.0
 @end itemize
 @end deffn
 @c api.token.constructor
@@ -5929,7 +5935,8 @@ introduced in Bison 3.0
 
 
 @c ================================================== api.value.type
-@deffn Directive {%define api.value.type} @var{type}
+@deffn Directive {%define api.value.type} @var{support}
+@deffnx Directive {%define api.value.type} @{@var{type}@}
 @itemize @bullet
 @item Language(s):
 all
@@ -5939,16 +5946,16 @@ The type for semantic values.
 
 @item Accepted Values:
 @table @asis
-@item @code{""}
+@item @samp{@{@}}
 This grammar has no semantic value at all.  This is not properly supported
 yet.
-@item @code{%union} (C, C++)
+@item @samp{union-directive} (C, C++)
 The type is defined thanks to the @code{%union} directive.  You don't have
 to define @code{api.value.type} in that case, using @code{%union} suffices.
 @xref{Union Decl, ,The Union Declaration}.
 For instance:
 @example
-%define api.value.type "%union"
+%define api.value.type union-directive
 %union
 @{
   int ival;
@@ -5958,30 +5965,30 @@ For instance:
 %token <sval> STR "string"
 @end example
 
-@item @code{union} (C, C++)
+@item @samp{union} (C, C++)
 The symbols are defined with type names, from which Bison will generate a
 @code{union}.  For instance:
 @example
-%define api.value.type "union"
+%define api.value.type union
 %token <int> INT "integer"
 %token <char *> STR "string"
 @end example
 This feature needs user feedback to stabilize.  Note that most C++ objects
 cannot be stored in a @code{union}.
 
-@item @code{variant} (C++)
+@item @samp{variant} (C++)
 This is similar to @code{union}, but special storage techniques are used to
 allow any kind of C++ object to be used. For instance:
 @example
-%define api.value.type "variant"
+%define api.value.type variant
 %token <int> INT "integer"
 %token <std::string> STR "string"
 @end example
 This feature needs user feedback to stabilize.
 @xref{C++ Variants}.
 
-@item any other identifier
-Use this name as semantic value.
+@item @samp{@{@var{type}@}}
+Use this @var{type} as semantic value.
 @example
 %code requires
 @{
@@ -5998,7 +6005,7 @@ Use this name as semantic value.
     @} u;
   @};
 @}
-%define api.value.type "struct my_value"
+%define api.value.type @{struct my_value@}
 %token <u.ival> INT "integer"
 %token <u.sval> STR "string"
 @end example
@@ -6007,22 +6014,46 @@ Use this name as semantic value.
 @item Default Value:
 @itemize @minus
 @item
-@code{%union} if @code{%union} is used, otherwise @dots{}
+@code{union-directive} if @code{%union} is used, otherwise @dots{}
 @item
 @code{int} if type tags are used (i.e., @samp{%token <@var{type}>@dots{}} or
-@samp{%token <@var{type}>@dots{}} is used), otherwise @dots{}
+@samp{%type <@var{type}>@dots{}} is used), otherwise @dots{}
 @item
-@code{""}
+undefined.
 @end itemize
 
 @item History:
-introduced in Bison 2.8.  Was introduced for Java only in 2.3b as
+introduced in Bison 3.0.  Was introduced for Java only in 2.3b as
 @code{stype}.
 @end itemize
 @end deffn
 @c api.value.type
 
 
+@c ================================================== api.value.union.name
+@deffn Directive {%define api.value.union.name} @var{name}
+@itemize @bullet
+@item Language(s):
+C
+
+@item Purpose:
+The tag of the generated @code{union} (@emph{not} the name of the
+@code{typedef}).  This variable is set to @code{@var{id}} when @samp{%union
+@var{id}} is used.  There is no clear reason to give this union a name.
+
+@item Accepted Values:
+Any valid identifier.
+
+@item Default Value:
+@code{YYSTYPE}.
+
+@item History:
+Introduced in Bison 3.0.3.
+@end itemize
+@end deffn
+@c api.value.type
+
+
 @c ================================================== location_type
 @deffn Directive {%define location_type}
 Obsoleted by @code{api.location.type} since Bison 2.7.
@@ -6048,8 +6079,8 @@ feedback will help to stabilize it.)
 @item @code{most} otherwise.
 @end itemize
 @item History:
-introduced as @code{lr.default-reduction} in 2.5, renamed as
-@code{lr.default-reduction} in 2.8.
+introduced as @code{lr.default-reductions} in 2.5, renamed as
+@code{lr.default-reduction} in 3.0.
 @end itemize
 @end deffn
 
@@ -6066,7 +6097,7 @@ remain in the parser tables.  @xref{Unreachable States}.
 @item History:
 introduced as @code{lr.keep_unreachable_states} in 2.3b, renamed as
 @code{lr.keep-unreachable-states} in 2.5, and as
-@code{lr.keep-unreachable-state} in 2.8.
+@code{lr.keep-unreachable-state} in 3.0.
 @end itemize
 @end deffn
 @c lr.keep-unreachable-state
@@ -6114,7 +6145,7 @@ destroyed properly.  This option checks these constraints.
 
 
 @c ================================================== parse.error
-@deffn Directive {%define parse.error}
+@deffn Directive {%define parse.error} @var{verbosity}
 @itemize
 @item Languages(s):
 all
@@ -6141,7 +6172,7 @@ However, this report can often be incorrect when LAC is not enabled
 
 
 @c ================================================== parse.lac
-@deffn Directive {%define parse.lac}
+@deffn Directive {%define parse.lac} @var{when}
 
 @itemize
 @item Languages(s): C (deterministic parsers only)
@@ -6164,7 +6195,7 @@ syntax error handling.  @xref{LAC}.
 @xref{Tracing, ,Tracing Your Parser}.
 
 In C/C++, define the macro @code{YYDEBUG} (or @code{@var{prefix}DEBUG} with
-@samp{%define api.prefix @var{prefix}}), see @ref{Multiple Parsers,
+@samp{%define api.prefix @{@var{prefix}@}}), see @ref{Multiple Parsers,
 ,Multiple Parsers in the Same Program}) to 1 in the parser implementation
 file if it is not already defined, so that the debugging facilities are
 compiled.
@@ -6307,7 +6338,7 @@ The easy way to do this is to define the @code{%define} variable
 @code{api.prefix}.  With different @code{api.prefix}s it is guaranteed that
 headers do not conflict when included together, and that compiled objects
 can be linked together too.  Specifying @samp{%define api.prefix
-@var{prefix}} (or passing the option @samp{-Dapi.prefix=@var{prefix}}, see
+@{@var{prefix}@}} (or passing the option @samp{-Dapi.prefix=@{@var{prefix}@}}, see
 @ref{Invocation, ,Invoking Bison}) renames the interface functions and
 variables of the Bison parser to start with @var{prefix} instead of
 @samp{yy}, and all the macros to start by @var{PREFIX} (i.e., @var{prefix}
@@ -6321,7 +6352,7 @@ The renamed symbols include @code{yyparse}, @code{yylex}, @code{yyerror},
 @code{YYSTYPE}, @code{YYLTYPE}, and @code{YYDEBUG}, which is treated
 specifically --- more about this below.
 
-For example, if you use @samp{%define api.prefix c}, the names become
+For example, if you use @samp{%define api.prefix @{c@}}, the names become
 @code{cparse}, @code{clex}, @dots{}, @code{CSTYPE}, @code{CLTYPE}, and so
 on.
 
@@ -9554,7 +9585,7 @@ enabled if and only if @code{YYDEBUG} is nonzero.
 @item the option @option{-t} (POSIX Yacc compliant)
 @itemx the option @option{--debug} (Bison extension)
 Use the @samp{-t} option when you run Bison (@pxref{Invocation, ,Invoking
-Bison}).  With @samp{%define api.prefix c}, it defines @code{CDEBUG} to 1,
+Bison}).  With @samp{%define api.prefix @{c@}}, it defines @code{CDEBUG} to 1,
 otherwise it defines @code{YYDEBUG} to 1.
 
 @item the directive @samp{%debug}
@@ -10062,18 +10093,16 @@ A category can be turned off by prefixing its name with @samp{no-}.  For
 instance, @option{-Wno-yacc} will hide the warnings about
 POSIX Yacc incompatibilities.
 
-@item -Werror[=@var{category}]
-@itemx -Wno-error[=@var{category}]
-Enable warnings falling in @var{category}, and treat them as errors.  If no
-@var{category} is given, it defaults to making all enabled warnings into errors.
+@item -Werror
+Turn enabled warnings for every @var{category} into errors, unless they are
+explicitly disabled by @option{-Wno-error=@var{category}}.
+
+@item -Werror=@var{category}
+Enable warnings falling in @var{category}, and treat them as errors.
 
 @var{category} is the same as for @option{--warnings}, with the exception that
 it may not be prefixed with @samp{no-} (see above).
 
-Prefixed with @samp{no}, it deactivates the error treatment for this
-@var{category}. However, the warning itself won't be disabled, or enabled, by
-this option.
-
 Note that the precedence of the @samp{=} and @samp{,} operators is such that
 the following commands are @emph{not} equivalent, as the first will not treat
 S/R conflicts as errors.
@@ -10083,6 +10112,14 @@ $ bison -Werror=yacc,conflicts-sr input.y
 $ bison -Werror=yacc,error=conflicts-sr input.y
 @end example
 
+@item -Wno-error
+Do not turn enabled warnings for every @var{category} into errors, unless
+they are explicitly enabled by @option{-Werror=@var{category}}.
+
+@item -Wno-error=@var{category}
+Deactivate the error treatment for this @var{category}. However, the warning
+itself won't be disabled, or enabled, by this option.
+
 @item -f [@var{feature}]
 @itemx --feature[=@var{feature}]
 Activate miscellaneous @var{feature}. @var{feature} can be one of:
@@ -10649,12 +10686,17 @@ The first, inclusive, position of the range, and the first beyond.
 Forwarded to the @code{end} position.
 @end deftypemethod
 
-@deftypemethod {location} {location} operator+ (const location& @var{end})
-@deftypemethodx {location} {location} operator+ (int @var{width})
+@deftypemethod  {location} {location} operator+  (int @var{width})
 @deftypemethodx {location} {location} operator+= (int @var{width})
-@deftypemethodx {location} {location} operator- (int @var{width})
+@deftypemethodx {location} {location} operator-  (int @var{width})
 @deftypemethodx {location} {location} operator-= (int @var{width})
-Various forms of syntactic sugar.
+Various forms of syntactic sugar for @code{columns}.
+@end deftypemethod
+
+@deftypemethod {location} {location} operator+ (const location& @var{end})
+@deftypemethodx {location} {location} operator+= (const location& @var{end})
+Join two locations: starts at the position of the first one, and ends at the
+position of the second.
 @end deftypemethod
 
 @deftypemethod {location} {void} step ()
@@ -10680,7 +10722,7 @@ Instead of using the built-in types you may use the @code{%define} variable
 @code{api.location.type} to specify your own type:
 
 @example
-%define api.location.type @var{LocationType}
+%define api.location.type @{@var{LocationType}@}
 @end example
 
 The requirements over your @var{LocationType} are:
@@ -10717,7 +10759,7 @@ parser @file{master/parser.yy} might use:
 @example
 %defines
 %locations
-%define namespace "master::"
+%define api.namespace @{master::@}
 @end example
 
 @noindent
@@ -10725,7 +10767,7 @@ to generate the @file{master/position.hh} and @file{master/location.hh}
 files, reused by other parsers as follows:
 
 @example
-%define api.location.type "master::location"
+%define api.location.type @{master::location@}
 %code requires @{ #include <master/location.hh> @}
 @end example
 
@@ -10740,7 +10782,7 @@ files, reused by other parsers as follows:
 The output files @file{@var{output}.hh} and @file{@var{output}.cc}
 declare and define the parser class in the namespace @code{yy}.  The
 class name defaults to @code{parser}, but may be changed using
-@samp{%define parser_class_name "@var{name}"}.  The interface of
+@samp{%define parser_class_name @{@var{name}@}}.  The interface of
 this class is detailed below.  It can be extended using the
 @code{%parse-param} feature: its semantics is slightly changed since
 it describes an additional member of the parser class, and an
@@ -11145,7 +11187,7 @@ the grammar for.
 %skeleton "lalr1.cc" /* -*- C++ -*- */
 %require "@value{VERSION}"
 %defines
-%define parser_class_name "calcxx_parser"
+%define parser_class_name @{calcxx_parser@}
 @end example
 
 @noindent
@@ -11498,6 +11540,7 @@ main (int argc, char *argv[])
 * Java Parser Interface::       Instantiating and running the parser
 * Java Scanner Interface::      Specifying the scanner for the parser
 * Java Action Features::        Special features for use in actions
+* Java Push Parser Interface::  Instantiating and running the a push parser
 * Java Differences::            Differences between C/C++ and Java Grammars
 * Java Declarations Summary::   List of Bison declarations used with Java
 @end menu
@@ -11579,7 +11622,7 @@ superclass of all the semantic values using the @samp{%define api.value.type}
 directive.  For example, after the following declaration:
 
 @example
-%define api.value.type "ASTNode"
+%define api.value.type @{ASTNode@}
 @end example
 
 @noindent
@@ -11614,11 +11657,11 @@ class defines a @dfn{position}, a single point in a file; Bison itself
 defines a class representing a @dfn{location}, a range composed of a pair of
 positions (possibly spanning several files).  The location class is an inner
 class of the parser; the name is @code{Location} by default, and may also be
-renamed using @code{%define api.location.type "@var{class-name}"}.
+renamed using @code{%define api.location.type @{@var{class-name}@}}.
 
 The location class treats the position as a completely opaque value.
 By default, the class name is @code{Position}, but this can be changed
-with @code{%define api.position.type "@var{class-name}"}.  This class must
+with @code{%define api.position.type @{@var{class-name}@}}.  This class must
 be supplied by the user.
 
 
@@ -11653,7 +11696,7 @@ properly, the position class should override the @code{equals} and
 The name of the generated parser class defaults to @code{YYParser}.  The
 @code{YY} prefix may be changed using the @code{%name-prefix} directive
 or the @option{-p}/@option{--name-prefix} option.  Alternatively, use
-@samp{%define parser_class_name "@var{name}"} to give a custom name to
+@samp{%define parser_class_name @{@var{name}@}} to give a custom name to
 the class.  The interface of this class is detailed below.
 
 By default, the parser class has package visibility.  A declaration
@@ -11662,7 +11705,7 @@ according to the Java language specification, the name of the @file{.java}
 file should match the name of the class in this case.  Similarly, you can
 use @code{abstract}, @code{final} and @code{strictfp} with the
 @code{%define} declaration to add other modifiers to the parser class.
-A single @samp{%define annotations "@var{annotations}"} directive can
+A single @samp{%define annotations @{@var{annotations}@}} directive can
 be used to add any number of annotations to the parser class.
 
 The Java package name of the parser class can be specified using the
@@ -11780,7 +11823,7 @@ In both cases, the scanner has to implement the following methods.
 @deftypemethod {Lexer} {void} yyerror (Location @var{loc}, String @var{msg})
 This method is defined by the user to emit an error message.  The first
 parameter is omitted if location tracking is not active.  Its type can be
-changed using @code{%define api.location.type "@var{class-name}".}
+changed using @code{%define api.location.type @{@var{class-name}@}}.
 @end deftypemethod
 
 @deftypemethod {Lexer} {int} yylex ()
@@ -11799,17 +11842,16 @@ Return respectively the first position of the last token that
 methods are not needed unless location tracking is active.
 
 The return type can be changed using @code{%define api.position.type
-"@var{class-name}".}
+@{@var{class-name}@}}.
 @end deftypemethod
 
 @deftypemethod {Lexer} {Object} getLVal ()
 Return the semantic value of the last token that yylex returned.
 
 The return type can be changed using @samp{%define api.value.type
-"@var{class-name}".}
+@{@var{class-name}@}}.
 @end deftypemethod
 
-
 @node Java Action Features
 @subsection Special Features for Use in Java Actions
 
@@ -11888,6 +11930,73 @@ instance in use. The @code{Location} and @code{Position} parameters are
 available only if location tracking is active.
 @end deftypefn
 
+@node Java Push Parser Interface
+@subsection Java Push Parser Interface
+@c - define push_parse
+@findex %define api.push-pull
+
+(The current push parsing interface is experimental and may evolve. More
+user feedback will help to stabilize it.)
+
+Normally, Bison generates a pull parser for Java.
+The following Bison declaration says that you want the parser to be a push
+parser (@pxref{%define Summary,,api.push-pull}):
+
+@example
+%define api.push-pull push
+@end example
+
+Most of the discussion about the Java pull Parser Interface, (@pxref{Java
+Parser Interface}) applies to the push parser interface as well.
+
+When generating a push parser, the method @code{push_parse} is created with
+the following signature (depending on if locations are enabled).
+
+@deftypemethod {YYParser} {void} push_parse ({int} @var{token}, {Object} @var{yylval})
+@deftypemethodx {YYParser} {void} push_parse ({int} @var{token}, {Object} @var{yylval}, {Location} @var{yyloc})
+@deftypemethodx {YYParser} {void} push_parse ({int} @var{token}, {Object} @var{yylval}, {Position} @var{yypos})
+@end deftypemethod
+
+The primary difference with respect to a pull parser is that the parser
+method @code{push_parse} is invoked repeatedly to parse each token.  This
+function is available if either the "%define api.push-pull push" or "%define
+api.push-pull both" declaration is used (@pxref{%define
+Summary,,api.push-pull}).  The @code{Location} and @code{Position}
+parameters are available only if location tracking is active.
+
+The value returned by the @code{push_parse} method is one of the following
+four constants: @code{YYABORT}, @code{YYACCEPT}, @code{YYERROR}, or
+@code{YYPUSH_MORE}.  This new value, @code{YYPUSH_MORE}, may be returned if
+more input is required to finish parsing the grammar.
+
+If api.push-pull is declared as @code{both}, then the generated parser class
+will also implement the @code{parse} method. This method's body is a loop
+that repeatedly invokes the scanner and then passes the values obtained from
+the scanner to the @code{push_parse} method.
+
+There is one additional complication.  Technically, the push parser does not
+need to know about the scanner (i.e. an object implementing the
+@code{YYParser.Lexer} interface), but it does need access to the
+@code{yyerror} method.  Currently, the @code{yyerror} method is defined in
+the @code{YYParser.Lexer} interface. Hence, an implementation of that
+interface is still required in order to provide an implementation of
+@code{yyerror}.  The current approach (and subject to change) is to require
+the @code{YYParser} constructor to be given an object implementing the
+@code{YYParser.Lexer} interface. This object need only implement the
+@code{yyerror} method; the other methods can be stubbed since they will
+never be invoked.  The simplest way to do this is to add a trivial scanner
+implementation to your grammar file using whatever implementation of
+@code{yyerror} is desired. The following code sample shows a simple way to
+accomplish this.
+
+@example
+%code lexer
+@{
+  public Object getLVal () @{return null;@}
+  public int yylex () @{return 0;@}
+  public void yyerror (String s) @{System.err.println(s);@}
+@}
+@end example
 
 @node Java Differences
 @subsection Differences between C/C++ and Java Grammars
@@ -12027,12 +12136,12 @@ Whether the parser class is declared @code{abstract}.  Default is false.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define annotations} "@var{annotations}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define annotations} @{@var{annotations}@}
 The Java annotations for the parser class.  Default is none.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define extends} "@var{superclass}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define extends} @{@var{superclass}@}
 The superclass of the parser class.  Default is none.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
@@ -12042,25 +12151,25 @@ Whether the parser class is declared @code{final}.  Default is false.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define implements} "@var{interfaces}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define implements} @{@var{interfaces}@}
 The implemented interfaces of the parser class, a comma-separated list.
 Default is none.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define init_throws} "@var{exceptions}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define init_throws} @{@var{exceptions}@}
 The exceptions thrown by @code{%code init} from the parser class
 constructor.  Default is none.
 @xref{Java Parser Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define lex_throws} "@var{exceptions}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define lex_throws} @{@var{exceptions}@}
 The exceptions thrown by the @code{yylex} method of the lexer, a
 comma-separated list.  Default is @code{java.io.IOException}.
 @xref{Java Scanner Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define api.location.type} "@var{class}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define api.location.type} @{@var{class}@}
 The name of the class used for locations (a range between two
 positions).  This class is generated as an inner class of the parser
 class by @command{bison}.  Default is @code{Location}.
@@ -12068,18 +12177,18 @@ Formerly named @code{location_type}.
 @xref{Java Location Values}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define package} "@var{package}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define package} @{@var{package}@}
 The package to put the parser class in.  Default is none.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define parser_class_name} "@var{name}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define parser_class_name} @{@var{name}@}
 The name of the parser class.  Default is @code{YYParser} or
 @code{@var{name-prefix}Parser}.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define api.position.type} "@var{class}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define api.position.type} @{@var{class}@}
 The name of the class used for positions. This class must be supplied by
 the user.  Default is @code{Position}.
 Formerly named @code{position_type}.
@@ -12091,7 +12200,7 @@ Whether the parser class is declared @code{public}.  Default is false.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define api.value.type} "@var{class}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define api.value.type} @{@var{class}@}
 The base type of semantic values.  Default is @code{Object}.
 @xref{Java Semantic Values}.
 @end deffn
@@ -12101,7 +12210,7 @@ Whether the parser class is declared @code{strictfp}.  Default is false.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define throws} "@var{exceptions}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define throws} @{@var{exceptions}@}
 The exceptions thrown by user-supplied parser actions and
 @code{%initial-action}, a comma-separated list.  Default is none.
 @xref{Java Parser Interface}.
@@ -12655,6 +12764,7 @@ Precedence}.
 
 @deffn {Directive} %define @var{variable}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @var{value}
+@deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @{@var{value}@}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} "@var{value}"
 Define a variable to adjust Bison's behavior.  @xref{%define Summary}.
 @end deffn
@@ -12758,7 +12868,7 @@ push parser, @code{yypush_parse}, @code{yypull_parse}, @code{yypstate},
 @code{yypstate_new} and @code{yypstate_delete} will also be renamed.  For
 example, if you use @samp{%name-prefix "c_"}, the names become
 @code{c_parse}, @code{c_lex}, and so on.  For C++ parsers, see the
-@code{%define namespace} documentation in this section.
+@code{%define api.namespace} documentation in this section.
 @end deffn