X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/bison.git/blobdiff_plain/1fa19a769721658bb53177596531afbbea8b4e1c..d116722c542af7c6c85012064aa06c0f4d8d3d01:/doc/bison.texi

diff --git a/doc/bison.texi b/doc/bison.texi
index 198403fe..bd023edf 100644
--- a/doc/bison.texi
+++ b/doc/bison.texi
@@ -366,6 +366,7 @@ Java Parsers
 * Java Parser Interface::       Instantiating and running the parser
 * Java Scanner Interface::      Specifying the scanner for the parser
 * Java Action Features::        Special features for use in actions
+* Java Push Parser Interface::  Instantiating and running the a push parser
 * Java Differences::            Differences between C/C++ and Java Grammars
 * Java Declarations Summary::   List of Bison declarations used with Java
 
@@ -1555,7 +1556,7 @@ calculator.  As in C, comments are placed between @samp{/*@dots{}*/}.
 %@}
 @end group
 
-%define api.value.type double
+%define api.value.type @{double@}
 %token NUM
 
 %% /* Grammar rules and actions follow.  */
@@ -1582,9 +1583,9 @@ thus specifying the C data type for semantic values of both tokens and
 groupings (@pxref{Value Type, ,Data Types of Semantic Values}).  The Bison
 parser will use whatever type @code{api.value.type} is defined as; if you
 don't define it, @code{int} is the default.  Because we specify
-@code{double}, each token and each expression has an associated value, which
-is a floating point number.  C code can use @code{YYSTYPE} to refer to the
-value @code{api.value.type}.
+@samp{@{double@}}, each token and each expression has an associated value,
+which is a floating point number.  C code can use @code{YYSTYPE} to refer to
+the value @code{api.value.type}.
 
 Each terminal symbol that is not a single-character literal must be
 declared.  (Single-character literals normally don't need to be declared.)
@@ -1806,7 +1807,7 @@ The semantic value of the token (if it has one) is stored into the
 global variable @code{yylval}, which is where the Bison parser will look
 for it.  (The C data type of @code{yylval} is @code{YYSTYPE}, whose value
 was defined at the beginning of the grammar via @samp{%define api.value.type
-double}; @pxref{Rpcalc Declarations,,Declarations for @code{rpcalc}}.)
+@{double@}}; @pxref{Rpcalc Declarations,,Declarations for @code{rpcalc}}.)
 
 A token type code of zero is returned if the end-of-input is encountered.
 (Bison recognizes any nonpositive value as indicating end-of-input.)
@@ -2004,7 +2005,7 @@ parentheses nested to arbitrary depth.  Here is the Bison code for
 
 @group
 /* Bison declarations.  */
-%define api.value.type double
+%define api.value.type @{double@}
 %token NUM
 %left '-' '+'
 %left '*' '/'
@@ -2160,7 +2161,7 @@ the same as the declarations for the infix notation calculator.
 %@}
 
 /* Bison declarations.  */
-%define api.value.type int
+%define api.value.type @{int@}
 %token NUM
 
 %left '-' '+'
@@ -3670,14 +3671,14 @@ specify some other type, define the @code{%define} variable
 @code{api.value.type} like this:
 
 @example
-%define api.value.type double
+%define api.value.type @{double@}
 @end example
 
 @noindent
 or
 
 @example
-%define api.value.type "struct semantic_type"
+%define api.value.type @{struct semantic_type@}
 @end example
 
 The value of @code{api.value.type} should be a type name that does not
@@ -3787,7 +3788,7 @@ return ID;
 If the @code{%define} variable @code{api.token.prefix} is defined
 (@pxref{%define Summary,,api.token.prefix}), then it is also used to prefix
 the union member names.  For instance, with @samp{%define api.token.prefix
-TOK_}:
+@{TOK_@}}:
 
 @example
 /* For an "integer".  */
@@ -3885,7 +3886,7 @@ and then your grammar can use the following instead of @code{%union}:
 %@{
 #include "parser.h"
 %@}
-%define api.value.type "union YYSTYPE"
+%define api.value.type @{union YYSTYPE@}
 %type <val> expr
 %token <tptr> ID
 @end group
@@ -5450,6 +5451,7 @@ parse.trace}.
 
 @deffn {Directive} %define @var{variable}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @var{value}
+@deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @{@var{value}@}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} "@var{value}"
 Define a variable to adjust Bison's behavior.  @xref{%define Summary}.
 @end deffn
@@ -5499,7 +5501,7 @@ preprocessor guard: @samp{YY_@var{PREFIX}_@var{FILE}_INCLUDED}, where
 uppercase, with each series of non alphanumerical characters converted to a
 single underscore.
 
-For instance with @samp{%define api.prefix "calc"} and @samp{%defines
+For instance with @samp{%define api.prefix @{calc@}} and @samp{%defines
 "lib/parse.h"}, the header will be guarded as follows.
 @example
 #ifndef YY_CALC_LIB_PARSE_H_INCLUDED
@@ -5661,17 +5663,17 @@ features are associated with variables, which are assigned by the
 
 @deffn {Directive} %define @var{variable}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @var{value}
+@deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @{@var{value}@}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} "@var{value}"
 Define @var{variable} to @var{value}.
 
-@var{value} must be placed in quotation marks if it contains any
-character other than a letter, underscore, period, or non-initial dash
-or digit.  Omitting @code{"@var{value}"} entirely is always equivalent
-to specifying @code{""}.
+The type of the values depend on the syntax.  Braces denote value in the
+target language (e.g., a namespace, a type, etc.).  Keyword values (no
+delimiters) denote finite choice (e.g., a variation of a feature).  String
+values denote remaining cases (e.g., a file name).
 
-It is an error if a @var{variable} is defined by @code{%define}
-multiple times, but see @ref{Bison Options,,-D
-@var{name}[=@var{value}]}.
+It is an error if a @var{variable} is defined by @code{%define} multiple
+times, but see @ref{Bison Options,,-D @var{name}[=@var{value}]}.
 @end deffn
 
 The rest of this section summarizes variables and values that
@@ -5753,7 +5755,7 @@ The parser namespace is @code{foo} and @code{yylex} is referenced as
 @c api.namespace
 
 @c ================================================== api.location.type
-@deffn {Directive} {%define api.location.type} @var{type}
+@deffn {Directive} {%define api.location.type} @{@var{type}@}
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @item Language(s): C++, Java
@@ -5772,7 +5774,7 @@ Introduced in Bison 2.7 for C, C++ and Java.  Introduced under the name
 @end deffn
 
 @c ================================================== api.prefix
-@deffn {Directive} {%define api.prefix} @var{prefix}
+@deffn {Directive} {%define api.prefix} @{@var{prefix}@}
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @item Language(s): All
@@ -5789,7 +5791,7 @@ Introduced in Bison 2.7 for C, C++ and Java.  Introduced under the name
 @end deffn
 
 @c ================================================== api.pure
-@deffn Directive {%define api.pure}
+@deffn Directive {%define api.pure} @var{purity}
 
 @itemize @bullet
 @item Language(s): C
@@ -5877,14 +5879,14 @@ Boolean.
 @item Default Value:
 @code{false}
 @item History:
-introduced in Bison 2.8
+introduced in Bison 3.0
 @end itemize
 @end deffn
 @c api.token.constructor
 
 
 @c ================================================== api.token.prefix
-@deffn Directive {%define api.token.prefix} @var{prefix}
+@deffn Directive {%define api.token.prefix} @{@var{prefix}@}
 
 @itemize
 @item Languages(s): all
@@ -5895,7 +5897,7 @@ target language.  For instance
 
 @example
 %token FILE for ERROR
-%define api.token.prefix "TOK_"
+%define api.token.prefix @{TOK_@}
 %%
 start: FILE for ERROR;
 @end example
@@ -5922,14 +5924,15 @@ letters, underscores, and ---not at the beginning--- digits).
 @item Default Value:
 empty
 @item History:
-introduced in Bison 2.8
+introduced in Bison 3.0
 @end itemize
 @end deffn
 @c api.token.prefix
 
 
 @c ================================================== api.value.type
-@deffn Directive {%define api.value.type} @var{type}
+@deffn Directive {%define api.value.type} @var{support}
+@deffnx Directive {%define api.value.type} @{@var{type}@}
 @itemize @bullet
 @item Language(s):
 all
@@ -5939,16 +5942,16 @@ The type for semantic values.
 
 @item Accepted Values:
 @table @asis
-@item @code{""}
+@item @samp{@{@}}
 This grammar has no semantic value at all.  This is not properly supported
 yet.
-@item @code{%union} (C, C++)
+@item @samp{union-directive} (C, C++)
 The type is defined thanks to the @code{%union} directive.  You don't have
 to define @code{api.value.type} in that case, using @code{%union} suffices.
 @xref{Union Decl, ,The Union Declaration}.
 For instance:
 @example
-%define api.value.type "%union"
+%define api.value.type union-directive
 %union
 @{
   int ival;
@@ -5958,30 +5961,30 @@ For instance:
 %token <sval> STR "string"
 @end example
 
-@item @code{union} (C, C++)
+@item @samp{union} (C, C++)
 The symbols are defined with type names, from which Bison will generate a
 @code{union}.  For instance:
 @example
-%define api.value.type "union"
+%define api.value.type union
 %token <int> INT "integer"
 %token <char *> STR "string"
 @end example
 This feature needs user feedback to stabilize.  Note that most C++ objects
 cannot be stored in a @code{union}.
 
-@item @code{variant} (C++)
+@item @samp{variant} (C++)
 This is similar to @code{union}, but special storage techniques are used to
 allow any kind of C++ object to be used. For instance:
 @example
-%define api.value.type "variant"
+%define api.value.type variant
 %token <int> INT "integer"
 %token <std::string> STR "string"
 @end example
 This feature needs user feedback to stabilize.
 @xref{C++ Variants}.
 
-@item any other identifier
-Use this name as semantic value.
+@item @samp{@{@var{type}@}}
+Use this @var{type} as semantic value.
 @example
 %code requires
 @{
@@ -5998,7 +6001,7 @@ Use this name as semantic value.
     @} u;
   @};
 @}
-%define api.value.type "struct my_value"
+%define api.value.type @{struct my_value@}
 %token <u.ival> INT "integer"
 %token <u.sval> STR "string"
 @end example
@@ -6016,7 +6019,7 @@ Use this name as semantic value.
 @end itemize
 
 @item History:
-introduced in Bison 2.8.  Was introduced for Java only in 2.3b as
+introduced in Bison 3.0.  Was introduced for Java only in 2.3b as
 @code{stype}.
 @end itemize
 @end deffn
@@ -6048,8 +6051,8 @@ feedback will help to stabilize it.)
 @item @code{most} otherwise.
 @end itemize
 @item History:
-introduced as @code{lr.default-reduction} in 2.5, renamed as
-@code{lr.default-reduction} in 2.8.
+introduced as @code{lr.default-reductions} in 2.5, renamed as
+@code{lr.default-reduction} in 3.0.
 @end itemize
 @end deffn
 
@@ -6066,7 +6069,7 @@ remain in the parser tables.  @xref{Unreachable States}.
 @item History:
 introduced as @code{lr.keep_unreachable_states} in 2.3b, renamed as
 @code{lr.keep-unreachable-states} in 2.5, and as
-@code{lr.keep-unreachable-state} in 2.8.
+@code{lr.keep-unreachable-state} in 3.0.
 @end itemize
 @end deffn
 @c lr.keep-unreachable-state
@@ -6114,7 +6117,7 @@ destroyed properly.  This option checks these constraints.
 
 
 @c ================================================== parse.error
-@deffn Directive {%define parse.error}
+@deffn Directive {%define parse.error} @var{verbosity}
 @itemize
 @item Languages(s):
 all
@@ -6141,7 +6144,7 @@ However, this report can often be incorrect when LAC is not enabled
 
 
 @c ================================================== parse.lac
-@deffn Directive {%define parse.lac}
+@deffn Directive {%define parse.lac} @var{when}
 
 @itemize
 @item Languages(s): C (deterministic parsers only)
@@ -6164,7 +6167,7 @@ syntax error handling.  @xref{LAC}.
 @xref{Tracing, ,Tracing Your Parser}.
 
 In C/C++, define the macro @code{YYDEBUG} (or @code{@var{prefix}DEBUG} with
-@samp{%define api.prefix @var{prefix}}), see @ref{Multiple Parsers,
+@samp{%define api.prefix @{@var{prefix}@}}), see @ref{Multiple Parsers,
 ,Multiple Parsers in the Same Program}) to 1 in the parser implementation
 file if it is not already defined, so that the debugging facilities are
 compiled.
@@ -6307,7 +6310,7 @@ The easy way to do this is to define the @code{%define} variable
 @code{api.prefix}.  With different @code{api.prefix}s it is guaranteed that
 headers do not conflict when included together, and that compiled objects
 can be linked together too.  Specifying @samp{%define api.prefix
-@var{prefix}} (or passing the option @samp{-Dapi.prefix=@var{prefix}}, see
+@{@var{prefix}@}} (or passing the option @samp{-Dapi.prefix=@{@var{prefix}@}}, see
 @ref{Invocation, ,Invoking Bison}) renames the interface functions and
 variables of the Bison parser to start with @var{prefix} instead of
 @samp{yy}, and all the macros to start by @var{PREFIX} (i.e., @var{prefix}
@@ -6321,7 +6324,7 @@ The renamed symbols include @code{yyparse}, @code{yylex}, @code{yyerror},
 @code{YYSTYPE}, @code{YYLTYPE}, and @code{YYDEBUG}, which is treated
 specifically --- more about this below.
 
-For example, if you use @samp{%define api.prefix c}, the names become
+For example, if you use @samp{%define api.prefix @{c@}}, the names become
 @code{cparse}, @code{clex}, @dots{}, @code{CSTYPE}, @code{CLTYPE}, and so
 on.
 
@@ -9554,7 +9557,7 @@ enabled if and only if @code{YYDEBUG} is nonzero.
 @item the option @option{-t} (POSIX Yacc compliant)
 @itemx the option @option{--debug} (Bison extension)
 Use the @samp{-t} option when you run Bison (@pxref{Invocation, ,Invoking
-Bison}).  With @samp{%define api.prefix c}, it defines @code{CDEBUG} to 1,
+Bison}).  With @samp{%define api.prefix @{c@}}, it defines @code{CDEBUG} to 1,
 otherwise it defines @code{YYDEBUG} to 1.
 
 @item the directive @samp{%debug}
@@ -10591,16 +10594,18 @@ filename_type "@var{type}"}.
 The line, starting at 1.
 @end deftypeivar
 
-@deftypemethod {position} {uint} lines (int @var{height} = 1)
-Advance by @var{height} lines, resetting the column number.
+@deftypemethod {position} {void} lines (int @var{height} = 1)
+If @var{height} is not null, advance by @var{height} lines, resetting the
+column number.  The resulting line number cannot be less than 1.
 @end deftypemethod
 
 @deftypeivar {position} {uint} column
 The column, starting at 1.
 @end deftypeivar
 
-@deftypemethod {position} {uint} columns (int @var{width} = 1)
-Advance by @var{width} columns, without changing the line number.
+@deftypemethod {position} {void} columns (int @var{width} = 1)
+Advance by @var{width} columns, without changing the line number. The
+resulting column number cannot be less than 1.
 @end deftypemethod
 
 @deftypemethod {position} {position&} operator+= (int @var{width})
@@ -10642,14 +10647,16 @@ Reset the location to an empty range at the given values.
 The first, inclusive, position of the range, and the first beyond.
 @end deftypeivar
 
-@deftypemethod {location} {uint} columns (int @var{width} = 1)
-@deftypemethodx {location} {uint} lines (int @var{height} = 1)
-Advance the @code{end} position.
+@deftypemethod {location} {void} columns (int @var{width} = 1)
+@deftypemethodx {location} {void} lines (int @var{height} = 1)
+Forwarded to the @code{end} position.
 @end deftypemethod
 
 @deftypemethod {location} {location} operator+ (const location& @var{end})
 @deftypemethodx {location} {location} operator+ (int @var{width})
 @deftypemethodx {location} {location} operator+= (int @var{width})
+@deftypemethodx {location} {location} operator- (int @var{width})
+@deftypemethodx {location} {location} operator-= (int @var{width})
 Various forms of syntactic sugar.
 @end deftypemethod
 
@@ -10676,7 +10683,7 @@ Instead of using the built-in types you may use the @code{%define} variable
 @code{api.location.type} to specify your own type:
 
 @example
-%define api.location.type @var{LocationType}
+%define api.location.type @{@var{LocationType}@}
 @end example
 
 The requirements over your @var{LocationType} are:
@@ -10713,7 +10720,7 @@ parser @file{master/parser.yy} might use:
 @example
 %defines
 %locations
-%define namespace "master::"
+%define api.namespace @{master::@}
 @end example
 
 @noindent
@@ -10721,7 +10728,7 @@ to generate the @file{master/position.hh} and @file{master/location.hh}
 files, reused by other parsers as follows:
 
 @example
-%define api.location.type "master::location"
+%define api.location.type @{master::location@}
 %code requires @{ #include <master/location.hh> @}
 @end example
 
@@ -10736,7 +10743,7 @@ files, reused by other parsers as follows:
 The output files @file{@var{output}.hh} and @file{@var{output}.cc}
 declare and define the parser class in the namespace @code{yy}.  The
 class name defaults to @code{parser}, but may be changed using
-@samp{%define parser_class_name "@var{name}"}.  The interface of
+@samp{%define parser_class_name @{@var{name}@}}.  The interface of
 this class is detailed below.  It can be extended using the
 @code{%parse-param} feature: its semantics is slightly changed since
 it describes an additional member of the parser class, and an
@@ -10913,7 +10920,7 @@ also pass the @var{location}.
 For instance, given the following declarations:
 
 @example
-%define api.token.prefix "TOK_"
+%define api.token.prefix @{TOK_@}
 %token <std::string> IDENTIFIER;
 %token <int> INTEGER;
 %token COLON;
@@ -11141,7 +11148,7 @@ the grammar for.
 %skeleton "lalr1.cc" /* -*- C++ -*- */
 %require "@value{VERSION}"
 %defines
-%define parser_class_name "calcxx_parser"
+%define parser_class_name @{calcxx_parser@}
 @end example
 
 @noindent
@@ -11239,7 +11246,7 @@ tokens with @code{TOK_} (@pxref{%define Summary,,api.token.prefix}).
 
 @comment file: calc++-parser.yy
 @example
-%define api.token.prefix "TOK_"
+%define api.token.prefix @{TOK_@}
 %token
   END  0  "end of file"
   ASSIGN  ":="
@@ -11494,6 +11501,7 @@ main (int argc, char *argv[])
 * Java Parser Interface::       Instantiating and running the parser
 * Java Scanner Interface::      Specifying the scanner for the parser
 * Java Action Features::        Special features for use in actions
+* Java Push Parser Interface::  Instantiating and running the a push parser
 * Java Differences::            Differences between C/C++ and Java Grammars
 * Java Declarations Summary::   List of Bison declarations used with Java
 @end menu
@@ -11575,7 +11583,7 @@ superclass of all the semantic values using the @samp{%define api.value.type}
 directive.  For example, after the following declaration:
 
 @example
-%define api.value.type "ASTNode"
+%define api.value.type @{ASTNode@}
 @end example
 
 @noindent
@@ -11610,11 +11618,11 @@ class defines a @dfn{position}, a single point in a file; Bison itself
 defines a class representing a @dfn{location}, a range composed of a pair of
 positions (possibly spanning several files).  The location class is an inner
 class of the parser; the name is @code{Location} by default, and may also be
-renamed using @code{%define api.location.type "@var{class-name}"}.
+renamed using @code{%define api.location.type @{@var{class-name}@}}.
 
 The location class treats the position as a completely opaque value.
 By default, the class name is @code{Position}, but this can be changed
-with @code{%define api.position.type "@var{class-name}"}.  This class must
+with @code{%define api.position.type @{@var{class-name}@}}.  This class must
 be supplied by the user.
 
 
@@ -11649,7 +11657,7 @@ properly, the position class should override the @code{equals} and
 The name of the generated parser class defaults to @code{YYParser}.  The
 @code{YY} prefix may be changed using the @code{%name-prefix} directive
 or the @option{-p}/@option{--name-prefix} option.  Alternatively, use
-@samp{%define parser_class_name "@var{name}"} to give a custom name to
+@samp{%define parser_class_name @{@var{name}@}} to give a custom name to
 the class.  The interface of this class is detailed below.
 
 By default, the parser class has package visibility.  A declaration
@@ -11658,7 +11666,7 @@ according to the Java language specification, the name of the @file{.java}
 file should match the name of the class in this case.  Similarly, you can
 use @code{abstract}, @code{final} and @code{strictfp} with the
 @code{%define} declaration to add other modifiers to the parser class.
-A single @samp{%define annotations "@var{annotations}"} directive can
+A single @samp{%define annotations @{@var{annotations}@}} directive can
 be used to add any number of annotations to the parser class.
 
 The Java package name of the parser class can be specified using the
@@ -11776,7 +11784,7 @@ In both cases, the scanner has to implement the following methods.
 @deftypemethod {Lexer} {void} yyerror (Location @var{loc}, String @var{msg})
 This method is defined by the user to emit an error message.  The first
 parameter is omitted if location tracking is not active.  Its type can be
-changed using @code{%define api.location.type "@var{class-name}".}
+changed using @code{%define api.location.type @{@var{class-name}@}}.
 @end deftypemethod
 
 @deftypemethod {Lexer} {int} yylex ()
@@ -11795,17 +11803,16 @@ Return respectively the first position of the last token that
 methods are not needed unless location tracking is active.
 
 The return type can be changed using @code{%define api.position.type
-"@var{class-name}".}
+@{@var{class-name}@}}.
 @end deftypemethod
 
 @deftypemethod {Lexer} {Object} getLVal ()
 Return the semantic value of the last token that yylex returned.
 
 The return type can be changed using @samp{%define api.value.type
-"@var{class-name}".}
+@{@var{class-name}@}}.
 @end deftypemethod
 
-
 @node Java Action Features
 @subsection Special Features for Use in Java Actions
 
@@ -11884,6 +11891,73 @@ instance in use. The @code{Location} and @code{Position} parameters are
 available only if location tracking is active.
 @end deftypefn
 
+@node Java Push Parser Interface
+@subsection Java Push Parser Interface
+@c - define push_parse
+@findex %define api.push-pull
+
+(The current push parsing interface is experimental and may evolve. More
+user feedback will help to stabilize it.)
+
+Normally, Bison generates a pull parser for Java.
+The following Bison declaration says that you want the parser to be a push
+parser (@pxref{%define Summary,,api.push-pull}):
+
+@example
+%define api.push-pull push
+@end example
+
+Most of the discussion about the Java pull Parser Interface, (@pxref{Java
+Parser Interface}) applies to the push parser interface as well.
+
+When generating a push parser, the method @code{push_parse} is created with
+the following signature (depending on if locations are enabled).
+
+@deftypemethod {YYParser} {void} push_parse ({int} @var{token}, {Object} @var{yylval})
+@deftypemethodx {YYParser} {void} push_parse ({int} @var{token}, {Object} @var{yylval}, {Location} @var{yyloc})
+@deftypemethodx {YYParser} {void} push_parse ({int} @var{token}, {Object} @var{yylval}, {Position} @var{yypos})
+@end deftypemethod
+
+The primary difference with respect to a pull parser is that the parser
+method @code{push_parse} is invoked repeatedly to parse each token.  This
+function is available if either the "%define api.push-pull push" or "%define
+api.push-pull both" declaration is used (@pxref{%define
+Summary,,api.push-pull}).  The @code{Location} and @code{Position}
+parameters are available only if location tracking is active.
+
+The value returned by the @code{push_parse} method is one of the following
+four constants: @code{YYABORT}, @code{YYACCEPT}, @code{YYERROR}, or
+@code{YYMORE}.  This new value, @code{YYMORE}, may be returned if more input
+is required to finish parsing the grammar.
+
+If api.push-pull is declared as @code{both}, then the generated parser class
+will also implement the @code{parse} method. This method's body is a loop
+that repeatedly invokes the scanner and then passes the values obtained from
+the scanner to the @code{push_parse} method.
+
+There is one additional complication.  Technically, the push parser does not
+need to know about the scanner (i.e. an object implementing the
+@code{YYParser.Lexer} interface), but it does need access to the
+@code{yyerror} method.  Currently, the @code{yyerror} method is defined in
+the @code{YYParser.Lexer} interface. Hence, an implementation of that
+interface is still required in order to provide an implementation of
+@code{yyerror}.  The current approach (and subject to change) is to require
+the @code{YYParser} constructor to be given an object implementing the
+@code{YYParser.Lexer} interface. This object need only implement the
+@code{yyerror} method; the other methods can be stubbed since they will
+never be invoked.  The simplest way to do this is to add a trivial scanner
+implementation to your grammar file using whatever implementation of
+@code{yyerror} is desired. The following code sample shows a simple way to
+accomplish this.
+
+@example
+%code lexer
+@{
+  public Object getLVal () @{return null;@}
+  public int yylex () @{return 0;@}
+  public void yyerror (String s) @{System.err.println(s);@}
+@}
+@end example
 
 @node Java Differences
 @subsection Differences between C/C++ and Java Grammars
@@ -12023,12 +12097,12 @@ Whether the parser class is declared @code{abstract}.  Default is false.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define annotations} "@var{annotations}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define annotations} @{@var{annotations}@}
 The Java annotations for the parser class.  Default is none.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define extends} "@var{superclass}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define extends} @{@var{superclass}@}
 The superclass of the parser class.  Default is none.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
@@ -12038,25 +12112,25 @@ Whether the parser class is declared @code{final}.  Default is false.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define implements} "@var{interfaces}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define implements} @{@var{interfaces}@}
 The implemented interfaces of the parser class, a comma-separated list.
 Default is none.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define init_throws} "@var{exceptions}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define init_throws} @{@var{exceptions}@}
 The exceptions thrown by @code{%code init} from the parser class
 constructor.  Default is none.
 @xref{Java Parser Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define lex_throws} "@var{exceptions}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define lex_throws} @{@var{exceptions}@}
 The exceptions thrown by the @code{yylex} method of the lexer, a
 comma-separated list.  Default is @code{java.io.IOException}.
 @xref{Java Scanner Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define api.location.type} "@var{class}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define api.location.type} @{@var{class}@}
 The name of the class used for locations (a range between two
 positions).  This class is generated as an inner class of the parser
 class by @command{bison}.  Default is @code{Location}.
@@ -12064,18 +12138,18 @@ Formerly named @code{location_type}.
 @xref{Java Location Values}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define package} "@var{package}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define package} @{@var{package}@}
 The package to put the parser class in.  Default is none.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define parser_class_name} "@var{name}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define parser_class_name} @{@var{name}@}
 The name of the parser class.  Default is @code{YYParser} or
 @code{@var{name-prefix}Parser}.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define api.position.type} "@var{class}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define api.position.type} @{@var{class}@}
 The name of the class used for positions. This class must be supplied by
 the user.  Default is @code{Position}.
 Formerly named @code{position_type}.
@@ -12087,7 +12161,7 @@ Whether the parser class is declared @code{public}.  Default is false.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define api.value.type} "@var{class}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define api.value.type} @{@var{class}@}
 The base type of semantic values.  Default is @code{Object}.
 @xref{Java Semantic Values}.
 @end deffn
@@ -12097,7 +12171,7 @@ Whether the parser class is declared @code{strictfp}.  Default is false.
 @xref{Java Bison Interface}.
 @end deffn
 
-@deffn {Directive} {%define throws} "@var{exceptions}"
+@deffn {Directive} {%define throws} @{@var{exceptions}@}
 The exceptions thrown by user-supplied parser actions and
 @code{%initial-action}, a comma-separated list.  Default is none.
 @xref{Java Parser Interface}.
@@ -12651,6 +12725,7 @@ Precedence}.
 
 @deffn {Directive} %define @var{variable}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @var{value}
+@deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} @{@var{value}@}
 @deffnx {Directive} %define @var{variable} "@var{value}"
 Define a variable to adjust Bison's behavior.  @xref{%define Summary}.
 @end deffn
@@ -12754,7 +12829,7 @@ push parser, @code{yypush_parse}, @code{yypull_parse}, @code{yypstate},
 @code{yypstate_new} and @code{yypstate_delete} will also be renamed.  For
 example, if you use @samp{%name-prefix "c_"}, the names become
 @code{c_parse}, @code{c_lex}, and so on.  For C++ parsers, see the
-@code{%define namespace} documentation in this section.
+@code{%define api.namespace} documentation in this section.
 @end deffn