Version 2.4.1.
[bison.git] / src / conflicts.c
index 44546e1ca5788adfea7ad25c2e98c52b6d8cf631..7a9f3c222662dd7094c4b949b4c1bf1cfec36157 100644 (file)
@@ -1,25 +1,24 @@
-/* Find and resolve or report look-ahead conflicts for bison,
+/* Find and resolve or report lookahead conflicts for bison,
 
 
-   Copyright (C) 1984, 1989, 1992, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003
-   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Copyright (C) 1984, 1989, 1992, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
+   2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
    This file is part of Bison, the GNU Compiler Compiler.
 
 
    This file is part of Bison, the GNU Compiler Compiler.
 
-   Bison is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
-   any later version.
+   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
 
 
-   Bison is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-   General Public License for more details.
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 
    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-   along with Bison; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
-   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
-   02111-1307, USA.  */
+   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
 
 
+#include <config.h>
 #include "system.h"
 
 #include <bitset.h>
 #include "system.h"
 
 #include <bitset.h>
 #include "getargs.h"
 #include "gram.h"
 #include "lalr.h"
 #include "getargs.h"
 #include "gram.h"
 #include "lalr.h"
+#include "print-xml.h"
 #include "reader.h"
 #include "state.h"
 #include "symtab.h"
 
 /* -1 stands for not specified. */
 #include "reader.h"
 #include "state.h"
 #include "symtab.h"
 
 /* -1 stands for not specified. */
-int expected_conflicts = -1;
-static char *conflicts = NULL;
-struct obstack solved_conflicts_obstack;
+int expected_sr_conflicts = -1;
+int expected_rr_conflicts = -1;
+static char *conflicts;
+static struct obstack solved_conflicts_obstack;
+static struct obstack solved_conflicts_xml_obstack;
 
 
-static bitset shiftset;
-static bitset lookaheadset;
+static bitset shift_set;
+static bitset lookahead_set;
 
 \f
 
 
 \f
 
@@ -72,23 +74,25 @@ log_resolution (rule *r, symbol_number token,
        case shift_resolution:
        case right_resolution:
          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_obstack,
        case shift_resolution:
        case right_resolution:
          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_obstack,
-                         _("\
-    Conflict between rule %d and token %s resolved as shift"),
+                         _("    Conflict between rule %d and token %s"
+                           " resolved as shift"),
                          r->number,
                          symbols[token]->tag);
          break;
                          r->number,
                          symbols[token]->tag);
          break;
+
        case reduce_resolution:
        case left_resolution:
          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_obstack,
        case reduce_resolution:
        case left_resolution:
          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_obstack,
-                         _("\
-    Conflict between rule %d and token %s resolved as reduce"),
+                         _("    Conflict between rule %d and token %s"
+                           " resolved as reduce"),
                          r->number,
                          symbols[token]->tag);
          break;
                          r->number,
                          symbols[token]->tag);
          break;
+
        case nonassoc_resolution:
          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_obstack,
        case nonassoc_resolution:
          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_obstack,
-                         _("\
-    Conflict between rule %d and token %s resolved as an error"),
+                         _("    Conflict between rule %d and token %s"
+                           " resolved as an error"),
                          r->number,
                          symbols[token]->tag);
          break;
                          r->number,
                          symbols[token]->tag);
          break;
@@ -122,21 +126,95 @@ log_resolution (rule *r, symbol_number token,
                          " (%%right %s)",
                          symbols[token]->tag);
          break;
                          " (%%right %s)",
                          symbols[token]->tag);
          break;
+
        case nonassoc_resolution:
          obstack_fgrow1 (&solved_conflicts_obstack,
                          " (%%nonassoc %s)",
                          symbols[token]->tag);
          break;
        }
        case nonassoc_resolution:
          obstack_fgrow1 (&solved_conflicts_obstack,
                          " (%%nonassoc %s)",
                          symbols[token]->tag);
          break;
        }
+
       obstack_sgrow (&solved_conflicts_obstack, ".\n");
     }
       obstack_sgrow (&solved_conflicts_obstack, ".\n");
     }
+
+  /* XML report */
+  if (xml_flag)
+    {
+      /* The description of the resolution. */
+      switch (resolution)
+        {
+        case shift_resolution:
+        case right_resolution:
+          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack,
+                          "        <resolution rule=\"%d\" symbol=\"%s\""
+                          " type=\"shift\">",
+                          r->number,
+                          xml_escape (symbols[token]->tag));
+          break;
+
+        case reduce_resolution:
+        case left_resolution:
+          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack,
+                          "        <resolution rule=\"%d\" symbol=\"%s\""
+                          " type=\"reduce\">",
+                          r->number,
+                          xml_escape (symbols[token]->tag));
+          break;
+
+        case nonassoc_resolution:
+          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack,
+                          "        <resolution rule=\"%d\" symbol=\"%s\""
+                          " type=\"error\">",
+                          r->number,
+                          xml_escape (symbols[token]->tag));
+          break;
+        }
+
+      /* The reason. */
+      switch (resolution)
+        {
+        case shift_resolution:
+          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack,
+                          "%s &lt; %s",
+                          xml_escape_n (0, r->prec->tag),
+                          xml_escape_n (1, symbols[token]->tag));
+          break;
+
+        case reduce_resolution:
+          obstack_fgrow2 (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack,
+                          "%s &lt; %s",
+                          xml_escape_n (0, symbols[token]->tag),
+                          xml_escape_n (1, r->prec->tag));
+          break;
+
+        case left_resolution:
+          obstack_fgrow1 (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack,
+                          "%%left %s",
+                          xml_escape (symbols[token]->tag));
+          break;
+
+        case right_resolution:
+          obstack_fgrow1 (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack,
+                          "%%right %s",
+                          xml_escape (symbols[token]->tag));
+          break;
+
+        case nonassoc_resolution:
+          obstack_fgrow1 (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack,
+                          "%%nonassoc %s",
+                          xml_escape (symbols[token]->tag));
+      break;
+        }
+
+      obstack_sgrow (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack, "</resolution>\n");
+    }
 }
 
 
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------.
 | Turn off the shift recorded for the specified token in the        |
 | specified state.  Used when we resolve a shift-reduce conflict in |
 }
 
 
 /*------------------------------------------------------------------.
 | Turn off the shift recorded for the specified token in the        |
 | specified state.  Used when we resolve a shift-reduce conflict in |
-| favor of the reduction.                                           |
+| favor of the reduction or as an error (%nonassoc).                |
 `------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 static void
 `------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 static void
@@ -145,7 +223,7 @@ flush_shift (state *s, int token)
   transitions *trans = s->transitions;
   int i;
 
   transitions *trans = s->transitions;
   int i;
 
-  bitset_reset (lookaheadset, token);
+  bitset_reset (lookahead_set, token);
   for (i = 0; i < trans->num; i++)
     if (!TRANSITION_IS_DISABLED (trans, i)
        && TRANSITION_SYMBOL (trans, i) == token)
   for (i = 0; i < trans->num; i++)
     if (!TRANSITION_IS_DISABLED (trans, i)
        && TRANSITION_SYMBOL (trans, i) == token)
@@ -153,16 +231,16 @@ flush_shift (state *s, int token)
 }
 
 
 }
 
 
-/*-------------------------------------------------------------------.
-| Turn off the reduce recorded for the specified token for the       |
-| specified lookahead.  Used when we resolve a shift-reduce conflict |
-| in favor of the shift.                                             |
-`-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+/*--------------------------------------------------------------------.
+| Turn off the reduce recorded for the specified token in the         |
+| specified lookahead set.  Used when we resolve a shift-reduce       |
+| conflict in favor of the shift or as an error (%nonassoc).          |
+`--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 static void
 
 static void
-flush_reduce (bitset lookaheads, int token)
+flush_reduce (bitset lookahead_tokens, int token)
 {
 {
-  bitset_reset (lookaheads, token);
+  bitset_reset (lookahead_tokens, token);
 }
 
 
 }
 
 
@@ -172,25 +250,25 @@ flush_reduce (bitset lookaheads, int token)
 | rule has a precedence.  A conflict is resolved by modifying the   |
 | shift or reduce tables so that there is no longer a conflict.     |
 |                                                                   |
 | rule has a precedence.  A conflict is resolved by modifying the   |
 | shift or reduce tables so that there is no longer a conflict.     |
 |                                                                   |
-| LOOKAHEAD is the number of the lookahead bitset to consider.      |
+| RULENO is the number of the lookahead bitset to consider.         |
 |                                                                   |
 |                                                                   |
-| ERRORS can be used to store discovered explicit errors.           |
+| ERRORS and NERRS can be used to store discovered explicit         |
+| errors.                                                           |
 `------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 static void
 `------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 static void
-resolve_sr_conflict (state *s, int ruleno, symbol **errors)
+resolve_sr_conflict (state *s, int ruleno, symbol **errors, int *nerrs)
 {
   symbol_number i;
   reductions *reds = s->reductions;
   /* Find the rule to reduce by to get precedence of reduction.  */
   rule *redrule = reds->rules[ruleno];
   int redprec = redrule->prec->prec;
 {
   symbol_number i;
   reductions *reds = s->reductions;
   /* Find the rule to reduce by to get precedence of reduction.  */
   rule *redrule = reds->rules[ruleno];
   int redprec = redrule->prec->prec;
-  bitset lookaheads = reds->lookaheads[ruleno];
-  int nerrs = 0;
+  bitset lookahead_tokens = reds->lookahead_tokens[ruleno];
 
   for (i = 0; i < ntokens; i++)
 
   for (i = 0; i < ntokens; i++)
-    if (bitset_test (lookaheads, i)
-       && bitset_test (lookaheadset, i)
+    if (bitset_test (lookahead_tokens, i)
+       && bitset_test (lookahead_set, i)
        && symbols[i]->prec)
       {
        /* Shift-reduce conflict occurs for token number i
        && symbols[i]->prec)
       {
        /* Shift-reduce conflict occurs for token number i
@@ -204,7 +282,7 @@ resolve_sr_conflict (state *s, int ruleno, symbol **errors)
        else if (symbols[i]->prec > redprec)
          {
            log_resolution (redrule, i, shift_resolution);
        else if (symbols[i]->prec > redprec)
          {
            log_resolution (redrule, i, shift_resolution);
-           flush_reduce (lookaheads, i);
+           flush_reduce (lookahead_tokens, i);
          }
        else
          /* Matching precedence levels.
          }
        else
          /* Matching precedence levels.
@@ -214,9 +292,12 @@ resolve_sr_conflict (state *s, int ruleno, symbol **errors)
 
          switch (symbols[i]->assoc)
            {
 
          switch (symbols[i]->assoc)
            {
+           default:
+             abort ();
+
            case right_assoc:
              log_resolution (redrule, i, right_resolution);
            case right_assoc:
              log_resolution (redrule, i, right_resolution);
-             flush_reduce (lookaheads, i);
+             flush_reduce (lookahead_tokens, i);
              break;
 
            case left_assoc:
              break;
 
            case left_assoc:
@@ -227,28 +308,12 @@ resolve_sr_conflict (state *s, int ruleno, symbol **errors)
            case non_assoc:
              log_resolution (redrule, i, nonassoc_resolution);
              flush_shift (s, i);
            case non_assoc:
              log_resolution (redrule, i, nonassoc_resolution);
              flush_shift (s, i);
-             flush_reduce (lookaheads, i);
+             flush_reduce (lookahead_tokens, i);
              /* Record an explicit error for this token.  */
              /* Record an explicit error for this token.  */
-             errors[nerrs++] = symbols[i];
+             errors[(*nerrs)++] = symbols[i];
              break;
              break;
-
-           case undef_assoc:
-             abort ();
            }
       }
            }
       }
-
-  if (nerrs)
-    {
-      /* Some tokens have been explicitly made errors.  Allocate a
-        permanent errs structure for this state, to record them.  */
-      state_errs_set (s, nerrs, errors);
-    }
-
-  if (obstack_object_size (&solved_conflicts_obstack))
-    {
-      obstack_1grow (&solved_conflicts_obstack, '\0');
-      s->solved_conflicts = obstack_finish (&solved_conflicts_obstack);
-    }
 }
 
 
 }
 
 
@@ -256,7 +321,7 @@ resolve_sr_conflict (state *s, int ruleno, symbol **errors)
 | Solve the S/R conflicts of state S using the                       |
 | precedence/associativity, and flag it inconsistent if it still has |
 | conflicts.  ERRORS can be used as storage to compute the list of   |
 | Solve the S/R conflicts of state S using the                       |
 | precedence/associativity, and flag it inconsistent if it still has |
 | conflicts.  ERRORS can be used as storage to compute the list of   |
-| lookaheads on which S raises a syntax error (%nonassoc).           |
+| lookahead tokens on which S raises a syntax error (%nonassoc).     |
 `-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 static void
 `-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
 static void
@@ -265,31 +330,48 @@ set_conflicts (state *s, symbol **errors)
   int i;
   transitions *trans = s->transitions;
   reductions *reds = s->reductions;
   int i;
   transitions *trans = s->transitions;
   reductions *reds = s->reductions;
+  int nerrs = 0;
 
   if (s->consistent)
     return;
 
 
   if (s->consistent)
     return;
 
-  bitset_zero (lookaheadset);
+  bitset_zero (lookahead_set);
 
   FOR_EACH_SHIFT (trans, i)
 
   FOR_EACH_SHIFT (trans, i)
-    bitset_set (lookaheadset, TRANSITION_SYMBOL (trans, i));
+    bitset_set (lookahead_set, TRANSITION_SYMBOL (trans, i));
 
   /* Loop over all rules which require lookahead in this state.  First
      check for shift-reduce conflict, and try to resolve using
      precedence.  */
   for (i = 0; i < reds->num; ++i)
     if (reds->rules[i]->prec && reds->rules[i]->prec->prec
 
   /* Loop over all rules which require lookahead in this state.  First
      check for shift-reduce conflict, and try to resolve using
      precedence.  */
   for (i = 0; i < reds->num; ++i)
     if (reds->rules[i]->prec && reds->rules[i]->prec->prec
-       && !bitset_disjoint_p (reds->lookaheads[i], lookaheadset))
-      resolve_sr_conflict (s, i, errors);
+       && !bitset_disjoint_p (reds->lookahead_tokens[i], lookahead_set))
+      resolve_sr_conflict (s, i, errors, &nerrs);
+
+  if (nerrs)
+    {
+      /* Some tokens have been explicitly made errors.  Allocate a
+         permanent errs structure for this state, to record them.  */
+      state_errs_set (s, nerrs, errors);
+    }
+  if (obstack_object_size (&solved_conflicts_obstack))
+    {
+      obstack_1grow (&solved_conflicts_obstack, '\0');
+      s->solved_conflicts = obstack_finish (&solved_conflicts_obstack);
+    }
+  if (obstack_object_size (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack))
+    {
+      obstack_1grow (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack, '\0');
+      s->solved_conflicts_xml = obstack_finish (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack);
+    }
 
   /* Loop over all rules which require lookahead in this state.  Check
      for conflicts not resolved above.  */
   for (i = 0; i < reds->num; ++i)
     {
 
   /* Loop over all rules which require lookahead in this state.  Check
      for conflicts not resolved above.  */
   for (i = 0; i < reds->num; ++i)
     {
-      if (!bitset_disjoint_p (reds->lookaheads[i], lookaheadset))
+      if (!bitset_disjoint_p (reds->lookahead_tokens[i], lookahead_set))
        conflicts[s->number] = 1;
        conflicts[s->number] = 1;
-
-      bitset_or (lookaheadset, lookaheadset, reds->lookaheads[i]);
+      bitset_or (lookahead_set, lookahead_set, reds->lookahead_tokens[i]);
     }
 }
 
     }
 }
 
@@ -303,13 +385,14 @@ void
 conflicts_solve (void)
 {
   state_number i;
 conflicts_solve (void)
 {
   state_number i;
-  /* List of lookaheads on which we explicitly raise a syntax error.  */
-  symbol **errors = MALLOC (errors, ntokens + 1);
+  /* List of lookahead tokens on which we explicitly raise a syntax error.  */
+  symbol **errors = xnmalloc (ntokens + 1, sizeof *errors);
 
 
-  CALLOC (conflicts, nstates);
-  shiftset = bitset_create (ntokens, BITSET_FIXED);
-  lookaheadset = bitset_create (ntokens, BITSET_FIXED);
+  conflicts = xcalloc (nstates, sizeof *conflicts);
+  shift_set = bitset_create (ntokens, BITSET_FIXED);
+  lookahead_set = bitset_create (ntokens, BITSET_FIXED);
   obstack_init (&solved_conflicts_obstack);
   obstack_init (&solved_conflicts_obstack);
+  obstack_init (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack);
 
   for (i = 0; i < nstates; i++)
     {
 
   for (i = 0; i < nstates; i++)
     {
@@ -325,6 +408,17 @@ conflicts_solve (void)
 }
 
 
 }
 
 
+void
+conflicts_update_state_numbers (state_number old_to_new[],
+                                state_number nstates_old)
+{
+  state_number i;
+  for (i = 0; i < nstates_old; ++i)
+    if (old_to_new[i] != nstates_old)
+      conflicts[old_to_new[i]] = conflicts[i];
+}
+
+
 /*---------------------------------------------.
 | Count the number of shift/reduce conflicts.  |
 `---------------------------------------------*/
 /*---------------------------------------------.
 | Count the number of shift/reduce conflicts.  |
 `---------------------------------------------*/
@@ -340,18 +434,18 @@ count_sr_conflicts (state *s)
   if (!trans)
     return 0;
 
   if (!trans)
     return 0;
 
-  bitset_zero (lookaheadset);
-  bitset_zero (shiftset);
+  bitset_zero (lookahead_set);
+  bitset_zero (shift_set);
 
   FOR_EACH_SHIFT (trans, i)
 
   FOR_EACH_SHIFT (trans, i)
-    bitset_set (shiftset, TRANSITION_SYMBOL (trans, i));
+    bitset_set (shift_set, TRANSITION_SYMBOL (trans, i));
 
   for (i = 0; i < reds->num; ++i)
 
   for (i = 0; i < reds->num; ++i)
-    bitset_or (lookaheadset, lookaheadset, reds->lookaheads[i]);
+    bitset_or (lookahead_set, lookahead_set, reds->lookahead_tokens[i]);
 
 
-  bitset_and (lookaheadset, lookaheadset, shiftset);
+  bitset_and (lookahead_set, lookahead_set, shift_set);
 
 
-  src_count = bitset_count (lookaheadset);
+  src_count = bitset_count (lookahead_set);
 
   return src_count;
 }
 
   return src_count;
 }
@@ -376,7 +470,7 @@ count_rr_conflicts (state *s, bool one_per_token)
       int count = 0;
       int j;
       for (j = 0; j < reds->num; ++j)
       int count = 0;
       int j;
       for (j = 0; j < reds->num; ++j)
-       if (bitset_test (reds->lookaheads[j], i))
+       if (bitset_test (reds->lookahead_tokens[j], i))
          count++;
 
       if (count >= 2)
          count++;
 
       if (count >= 2)
@@ -463,10 +557,13 @@ conflicts_print (void)
   /* Is the number of SR conflicts OK?  Either EXPECTED_CONFLICTS is
      not set, and then we want 0 SR, or else it is specified, in which
      case we want equality.  */
   /* Is the number of SR conflicts OK?  Either EXPECTED_CONFLICTS is
      not set, and then we want 0 SR, or else it is specified, in which
      case we want equality.  */
-  bool src_ok = false;
+  bool src_ok;
+  bool rrc_ok;
 
   int src_total = 0;
   int rrc_total = 0;
 
   int src_total = 0;
   int rrc_total = 0;
+  int src_expected;
+  int rrc_expected;
 
   /* Conflicts by state.  */
   {
 
   /* Conflicts by state.  */
   {
@@ -480,27 +577,42 @@ conflicts_print (void)
        }
   }
 
        }
   }
 
-  src_ok = src_total == (expected_conflicts == -1 ? 0 : expected_conflicts);
+  if (! glr_parser && rrc_total > 0 && expected_rr_conflicts != -1)
+    {
+      warn (_("%%expect-rr applies only to GLR parsers"));
+      expected_rr_conflicts = -1;
+    }
 
 
-  /* If there are no RR conflicts, and as many SR conflicts as
+  src_expected = expected_sr_conflicts == -1 ? 0 : expected_sr_conflicts;
+  rrc_expected = expected_rr_conflicts == -1 ? 0 : expected_rr_conflicts;
+  src_ok = src_total == src_expected;
+  rrc_ok = rrc_total == rrc_expected;
+
+  /* If there are as many RR conflicts and SR conflicts as
      expected, then there is nothing to report.  */
      expected, then there is nothing to report.  */
-  if (!rrc_total && src_ok)
+  if (rrc_ok & src_ok)
     return;
 
   /* Report the total number of conflicts on STDERR.  */
     return;
 
   /* Report the total number of conflicts on STDERR.  */
-  if (! yacc_flag)
-    fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", current_file);
-  conflict_report (stderr, src_total, rrc_total);
+  if (src_total | rrc_total)
+    {
+      if (! yacc_flag)
+       fprintf (stderr, "%s: ", current_file);
+      conflict_report (stderr, src_total, rrc_total);
+    }
 
 
-  if (expected_conflicts != -1)
+  if (expected_sr_conflicts != -1 || expected_rr_conflicts != -1)
     {
       if (! src_ok)
     {
       if (! src_ok)
-       warn (ngettext ("expected %d shift/reduce conflict",
-                       "expected %d shift/reduce conflicts",
-                       expected_conflicts),
-             expected_conflicts);
-      if (rrc_total)
-       warn (_("expected 0 reduce/reduce conflicts"));
+       complain (ngettext ("expected %d shift/reduce conflict",
+                           "expected %d shift/reduce conflicts",
+                           src_expected),
+                 src_expected);
+      if (! rrc_ok)
+       complain (ngettext ("expected %d reduce/reduce conflict",
+                           "expected %d reduce/reduce conflicts",
+                           rrc_expected),
+                 rrc_expected);
     }
 }
 
     }
 }
 
@@ -508,8 +620,9 @@ conflicts_print (void)
 void
 conflicts_free (void)
 {
 void
 conflicts_free (void)
 {
-  XFREE (conflicts);
-  bitset_free (shiftset);
-  bitset_free (lookaheadset);
+  free (conflicts);
+  bitset_free (shift_set);
+  bitset_free (lookahead_set);
   obstack_free (&solved_conflicts_obstack, NULL);
   obstack_free (&solved_conflicts_obstack, NULL);
+  obstack_free (&solved_conflicts_xml_obstack, NULL);
 }
 }