| 1 | |
| 2 | @node GNU Free Documentation License |
| 3 | @appendixsec GNU Free Documentation License |
| 4 | |
| 5 | @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License |
| 6 | @center Version 1.2, November 2002 |
| 7 | |
| 8 | @display |
| 9 | Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 10 | 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA |
| 11 | |
| 12 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| 13 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| 14 | @end display |
| 15 | |
| 16 | @enumerate 0 |
| 17 | @item |
| 18 | PREAMBLE |
| 19 | |
| 20 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| 21 | functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to |
| 22 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
| 23 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
| 24 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
| 25 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible |
| 26 | for modifications made by others. |
| 27 | |
| 28 | This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative |
| 29 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
| 30 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| 31 | license designed for free software. |
| 32 | |
| 33 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
| 34 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
| 35 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
| 36 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
| 37 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
| 38 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
| 39 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
| 40 | |
| 41 | @item |
| 42 | APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
| 43 | |
| 44 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
| 45 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be |
| 46 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a |
| 47 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that |
| 48 | work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, |
| 49 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a |
| 50 | licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you |
| 51 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission |
| 52 | under copyright law. |
| 53 | |
| 54 | A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the |
| 55 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
| 56 | modifications and/or translated into another language. |
| 57 | |
| 58 | A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section |
| 59 | of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
| 60 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall |
| 61 | subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall |
| 62 | directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in |
| 63 | part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain |
| 64 | any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
| 65 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
| 66 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
| 67 | them. |
| 68 | |
| 69 | The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
| 70 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
| 71 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
| 72 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not |
| 73 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero |
| 74 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant |
| 75 | Sections then there are none. |
| 76 | |
| 77 | The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
| 78 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
| 79 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
| 80 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. |
| 81 | |
| 82 | A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
| 83 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
| 84 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
| 85 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
| 86 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
| 87 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
| 88 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
| 89 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
| 90 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
| 91 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. |
| 92 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount |
| 93 | of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. |
| 94 | |
| 95 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
| 96 | @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input |
| 97 | format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available |
| 98 | @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML}, |
| 99 | PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples |
| 100 | of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and |
| 101 | @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be |
| 102 | read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or |
| 103 | @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are |
| 104 | not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, |
| 105 | PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for |
| 106 | output purposes only. |
| 107 | |
| 108 | The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
| 109 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
| 110 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
| 111 | formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means |
| 112 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
| 113 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
| 114 | |
| 115 | A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose |
| 116 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following |
| 117 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a |
| 118 | specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', |
| 119 | ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' |
| 120 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a |
| 121 | section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. |
| 122 | |
| 123 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which |
| 124 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty |
| 125 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this |
| 126 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
| 127 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has |
| 128 | no effect on the meaning of this License. |
| 129 | |
| 130 | @item |
| 131 | VERBATIM COPYING |
| 132 | |
| 133 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
| 134 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
| 135 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
| 136 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
| 137 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
| 138 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
| 139 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
| 140 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
| 141 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
| 142 | |
| 143 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
| 144 | you may publicly display copies. |
| 145 | |
| 146 | @item |
| 147 | COPYING IN QUANTITY |
| 148 | |
| 149 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
| 150 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the |
| 151 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the |
| 152 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
| 153 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
| 154 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
| 155 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
| 156 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
| 157 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
| 158 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
| 159 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
| 160 | as verbatim copying in other respects. |
| 161 | |
| 162 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
| 163 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
| 164 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
| 165 | pages. |
| 166 | |
| 167 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
| 168 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
| 169 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
| 170 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
| 171 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols |
| 172 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. |
| 173 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, |
| 174 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure |
| 175 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated |
| 176 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an |
| 177 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that |
| 178 | edition to the public. |
| 179 | |
| 180 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
| 181 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
| 182 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. |
| 183 | |
| 184 | @item |
| 185 | MODIFICATIONS |
| 186 | |
| 187 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
| 188 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
| 189 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
| 190 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
| 191 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
| 192 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
| 193 | |
| 194 | @enumerate A |
| 195 | @item |
| 196 | Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
| 197 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
| 198 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
| 199 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
| 200 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
| 201 | |
| 202 | @item |
| 203 | List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
| 204 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
| 205 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
| 206 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), |
| 207 | unless they release you from this requirement. |
| 208 | |
| 209 | @item |
| 210 | State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
| 211 | Modified Version, as the publisher. |
| 212 | |
| 213 | @item |
| 214 | Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
| 215 | |
| 216 | @item |
| 217 | Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
| 218 | adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
| 219 | |
| 220 | @item |
| 221 | Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
| 222 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
| 223 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
| 224 | |
| 225 | @item |
| 226 | Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
| 227 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
| 228 | |
| 229 | @item |
| 230 | Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
| 231 | |
| 232 | @item |
| 233 | Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add |
| 234 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
| 235 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
| 236 | there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one |
| 237 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
| 238 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
| 239 | Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
| 240 | |
| 241 | @item |
| 242 | Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
| 243 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
| 244 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
| 245 | it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. |
| 246 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
| 247 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
| 248 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
| 249 | |
| 250 | @item |
| 251 | For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve |
| 252 | the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the |
| 253 | substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or |
| 254 | dedications given therein. |
| 255 | |
| 256 | @item |
| 257 | Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
| 258 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
| 259 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
| 260 | |
| 261 | @item |
| 262 | Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section |
| 263 | may not be included in the Modified Version. |
| 264 | |
| 265 | @item |
| 266 | Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or |
| 267 | to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
| 268 | |
| 269 | @item |
| 270 | Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
| 271 | @end enumerate |
| 272 | |
| 273 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
| 274 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
| 275 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
| 276 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
| 277 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
| 278 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
| 279 | |
| 280 | You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains |
| 281 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
| 282 | parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
| 283 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
| 284 | standard. |
| 285 | |
| 286 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
| 287 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
| 288 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
| 289 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
| 290 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
| 291 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
| 292 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
| 293 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
| 294 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
| 295 | |
| 296 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
| 297 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
| 298 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
| 299 | |
| 300 | @item |
| 301 | COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
| 302 | |
| 303 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
| 304 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
| 305 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
| 306 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
| 307 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
| 308 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
| 309 | |
| 310 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
| 311 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
| 312 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
| 313 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
| 314 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
| 315 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
| 316 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
| 317 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
| 318 | |
| 319 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' |
| 320 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled |
| 321 | ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', |
| 322 | and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all |
| 323 | sections Entitled ``Endorsements.'' |
| 324 | |
| 325 | @item |
| 326 | COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
| 327 | |
| 328 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents |
| 329 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this |
| 330 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in |
| 331 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for |
| 332 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. |
| 333 | |
| 334 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute |
| 335 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this |
| 336 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all |
| 337 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. |
| 338 | |
| 339 | @item |
| 340 | AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
| 341 | |
| 342 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
| 343 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
| 344 | distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright |
| 345 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights |
| 346 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. |
| 347 | When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not |
| 348 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves |
| 349 | derivative works of the Document. |
| 350 | |
| 351 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
| 352 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
| 353 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
| 354 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
| 355 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. |
| 356 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole |
| 357 | aggregate. |
| 358 | |
| 359 | @item |
| 360 | TRANSLATION |
| 361 | |
| 362 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
| 363 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
| 364 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
| 365 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
| 366 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
| 367 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
| 368 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
| 369 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include |
| 370 | the original English version of this License and the original versions |
| 371 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between |
| 372 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice |
| 373 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. |
| 374 | |
| 375 | If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', |
| 376 | ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve |
| 377 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual |
| 378 | title. |
| 379 | |
| 380 | @item |
| 381 | TERMINATION |
| 382 | |
| 383 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except |
| 384 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to |
| 385 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will |
| 386 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
| 387 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
| 388 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
| 389 | parties remain in full compliance. |
| 390 | |
| 391 | @item |
| 392 | FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
| 393 | |
| 394 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions |
| 395 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
| 396 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
| 397 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
| 398 | @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. |
| 399 | |
| 400 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
| 401 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
| 402 | License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of |
| 403 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
| 404 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
| 405 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
| 406 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
| 407 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
| 408 | @end enumerate |
| 409 | |
| 410 | @page |
| 411 | @appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
| 412 | |
| 413 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| 414 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
| 415 | license notices just after the title page: |
| 416 | |
| 417 | @smallexample |
| 418 | @group |
| 419 | Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. |
| 420 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| 421 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 |
| 422 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| 423 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover |
| 424 | Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU |
| 425 | Free Documentation License''. |
| 426 | @end group |
| 427 | @end smallexample |
| 428 | |
| 429 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, |
| 430 | replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this: |
| 431 | |
| 432 | @smallexample |
| 433 | @group |
| 434 | with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with |
| 435 | the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts |
| 436 | being @var{list}. |
| 437 | @end group |
| 438 | @end smallexample |
| 439 | |
| 440 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
| 441 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
| 442 | situation. |
| 443 | |
| 444 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| 445 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
| 446 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
| 447 | to permit their use in free software. |
| 448 | |
| 449 | @c Local Variables: |
| 450 | @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" |
| 451 | @c End: |
| 452 | |