X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/apt.git/blobdiff_plain/5b42c812e5f689206f5e3ad4196f17c97ca34415..bd2fb30a8647293f80b085d0308e66bb9219e662:/doc/apt-get.8.xml diff --git a/doc/apt-get.8.xml b/doc/apt-get.8.xml index 2ea6ea1d4..abdec96c1 100644 --- a/doc/apt-get.8.xml +++ b/doc/apt-get.8.xml @@ -15,12 +15,13 @@ &apt-email; &apt-product; <!-- The last update date --> - <date>29 February 2004</date> + <date>08 November 2008</date> </refentryinfo> <refmeta> <refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>8</manvolnum> + <refmiscinfo class="manual">APT</refmiscinfo> </refmeta> <!-- Man page title --> @@ -33,22 +34,76 @@ <refsynopsisdiv> <cmdsynopsis> <command>apt-get</command> - <arg><option>-hvs</option></arg> - <arg><option>-o=<replaceable>config string</replaceable></option></arg> - <arg><option>-c=<replaceable>file</replaceable></option></arg> + <arg><option>-sqdyfmubV</option></arg> + <arg> + <option>-o= + <replaceable>config_string</replaceable> + </option> + </arg> + <arg> + <option>-c= + <replaceable>config_file</replaceable> + </option> + </arg> + <arg> + <option>-t=</option> + <arg choice='plain'> + <replaceable>target_release</replaceable> + </arg> + </arg> + <group choice="req"> - <arg>update</arg> - <arg>upgrade</arg> - <arg>dselect-upgrade</arg> - <arg>install <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg> - <arg>remove <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg> - <arg>purge <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg> - <arg>source <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg> - <arg>build-dep <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg> - <arg>check</arg> - <arg>clean</arg> - <arg>autoclean</arg> - <arg>autoremove</arg> + <arg choice='plain'>update</arg> + <arg choice='plain'>upgrade</arg> + <arg choice='plain'>dselect-upgrade</arg> + <arg choice='plain'>dist-upgrade</arg> + <arg choice='plain'>install + <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable> + <arg> + <group choice='req'> + <arg choice='plain'> + =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable> + </arg> + <arg choice='plain'> + /<replaceable>target_release</replaceable> + </arg> + </group> + </arg> + </arg> + </arg> + <arg choice='plain'>remove <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg> + <arg choice='plain'>purge <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg> + <arg choice='plain'>source + <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable> + <arg> + <group choice='req'> + <arg choice='plain'> + =<replaceable>pkg_version_number</replaceable> + </arg> + <arg choice='plain'> + /<replaceable>target_release</replaceable> + </arg> + </group> + </arg> + </arg> + </arg> + <arg choice='plain'>build-dep <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>pkg</replaceable></arg></arg> + <arg choice='plain'>check</arg> + <arg choice='plain'>clean</arg> + <arg choice='plain'>autoclean</arg> + <arg choice='plain'>autoremove</arg> + <arg choice='plain'> + <group choice='req'> + <arg choice='plain'>-v</arg> + <arg choice='plain'>--version</arg> + </group> + </arg> + <arg choice='plain'> + <group choice='req'> + <arg choice='plain'>-h</arg> + <arg choice='plain'>--help</arg> + </group> + </arg> </group> </cmdsynopsis> </refsynopsisdiv> @@ -56,8 +111,8 @@ <refsect1><title>Description</title> <para><command>apt-get</command> is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT - library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as dselect(8), - aptitude, synaptic, gnome-apt and wajig.</para> + library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;, + &aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;.</para> <para>Unless the <option>-h</option>, or <option>--help</option> option is given, one of the commands below must be present.</para> @@ -104,6 +159,7 @@ with new versions of packages; <command>apt-get</command> has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. + So, <literal>dist-upgrade</literal> command may remove some packages. The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file contains a list of locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-preferences; for a mechanism for @@ -111,17 +167,24 @@ </varlistentry> <varlistentry><term>install</term> - <listitem><para><literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more packages desired for - installation. Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified - filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system, libc6 would be the - argument provided, not <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>) All packages required - by the package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and - installed. The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is used to locate - the desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with - no intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is - installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to - install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by - apt-get's conflict resolution system.</para> + <listitem> + <para><literal>install</literal> is followed by one or more + packages desired for installation or upgrading. + Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified + filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system, + libc6 would be the argument provided, not + <literal>libc6_1.9.6-2.deb</literal>). All packages required + by the package(s) specified for installation will also + be retrieved and installed. + The <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file is + used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is + appended to the package name (with no intervening space), + the identified package will be removed if it is installed. + Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a + package to install. These latter features may be used + to override decisions made by apt-get's conflict + resolution system. + </para> <para>A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by following the package name with an equals and the version of the package @@ -133,6 +196,17 @@ <para>Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be used with care.</para> + <para>This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or + more already-installed packages without upgrading every package + you have on your system. Unlike the "upgrade" target, which + installs the newest version of all currently installed packages, + "install" will install the newest version of only the package(s) + specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) you wish + to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its + dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and + installed. + </para> + <para>Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative installation policy for individual packages.</para> @@ -148,27 +222,37 @@ <varlistentry><term>remove</term> <listitem><para><literal>remove</literal> is identical to <literal>install</literal> except that packages are - removed instead of installed. If a plus sign is appended to the package + removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package leaves its + configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be installed instead of removed.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry><term>purge</term> <listitem><para><literal>purge</literal> is identical to <literal>remove</literal> except that packages are - removed and purged.</para></listitem> + removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted too).</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry><term>source</term> <listitem><para><literal>source</literal> causes <command>apt-get</command> to fetch source packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the - newest available version of that source package. Source packages are - tracked separately from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> type lines - in the &sources-list; file. This probably will mean that you will not - get the same source as the package you have installed or as you could - install. If the --compile options is specified then the package will be - compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is - specified then the source package will not be unpacked.</para> + newest available version of that source package while respect the + default release, set with the option <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>, + the <option>-t</option> option or per package with the + <literal>pkg/release</literal> syntax, if possible.</para> + + <para>Source packages are tracked separately + from binary packages via <literal>deb-src</literal> type lines + in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will need to add such a line + for each repository you want to get sources from. If you don't do this + you will properly get another (newer, older or none) source version than + the one you have installed or could install.</para> + + <para>If the <option>--compile</option> option is specified + then the package will be compiled to a binary .deb using + <command>dpkg-buildpackage</command>, if <option>--download-only</option> + is specified then the source package will not be unpacked.</para> <para>A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism @@ -222,6 +306,11 @@ &apt-cmdblurb; <variablelist> + <varlistentry><term><option>--no-install-recommends</option></term> + <listitem><para>Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. + Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Install-Recommends</literal>.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><option>-d</option></term><term><option>--download-only</option></term> <listitem><para>Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Download-Only</literal>.</para></listitem> @@ -230,8 +319,8 @@ <varlistentry><term><option>-f</option></term><term><option>--fix-broken</option></term> <listitem><para>Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages - to permit APT to deduce a likely solution. Any Package that are specified - must completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when + to permit APT to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, + these have to completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention @@ -280,9 +369,15 @@ actually change the system. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Simulate</literal>.</para> + <para>Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (<literal>Debug::NoLocking</literal>) + automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation, + if the option <literal>APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note</literal> is set (Default: true). + Neither NoLocking nor the notice will be triggered if run as root (root should know what + he is doing without further warnings by <literal>apt-get</literal>).</para> + <para>Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf), - Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages with + Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence (rare).</para></listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -313,6 +408,14 @@ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Compile</literal>.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><option>--install-recommends</option></term> + <listitem><para>Also install recommended packages.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + + <varlistentry><term><option>--no-install-recommends</option></term> + <listitem><para>Do not install recommended packages.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><option>--ignore-hold</option></term> <listitem><para>Ignore package Holds; This causes <command>apt-get</command> to ignore a hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with @@ -327,6 +430,13 @@ Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Upgrade</literal>.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><option>--only-upgrade</option></term> + <listitem><para>Do not install new packages; When used in conjunction with <literal>install</literal>, + <literal>only-upgrade</literal> will prevent packages on the command line + from being upgraded if they are not already installed. + Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Only-Upgrade</literal>.</para></listitem> + </varlistentry> + <varlistentry><term><option>--force-yes</option></term> <listitem><para>Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It @@ -349,7 +459,8 @@ <varlistentry><term><option>--purge</option></term> <listitem><para>Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are - scheduled to be purged. + scheduled to be purged. <option>remove --purge</option> is equivalent to the + <option>purge</option> command. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Get::Purge</literal>.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -377,7 +488,8 @@ of this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be - <option>-t '2.1*'</option> or <option>-t unstable</option>. + <option>-t '2.1*'</option>, <option>-t unstable</option> + or <option>-t sid</option>. Configuration Item: <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>; see also the &apt-preferences; manual page.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> @@ -439,50 +551,11 @@ <refsect1><title>Files</title> <variablelist> - <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></term> - <listitem><para>Locations to fetch packages from. - Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::SourceList</literal>.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename></term> - <listitem><para>APT configuration file. - Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Main</literal>.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></term> - <listitem><para>APT configuration file fragments - Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Parts</literal>.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry><term><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></term> - <listitem><para>Version preferences file. - This is where you would specify "pinning", - i.e. a preference to get certain packages - from a separate source - or from a different version of a distribution. - Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Etc::Preferences</literal>.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/</filename></term> - <listitem><para>Storage area for retrieved package files. - Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal>.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry><term><filename>&cachedir;/archives/partial/</filename></term> - <listitem><para>Storage area for package files in transit. - Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::Cache::Archives</literal> (implicit partial). </para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/</filename></term> - <listitem><para>Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in - &sources-list; - Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal>.</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> - - <varlistentry><term><filename>&statedir;/lists/partial/</filename></term> - <listitem><para> Storage area for state information in transit. - Configuration Item: <literal>Dir::State::Lists</literal> (implicit partial).</para></listitem> - </varlistentry> + &file-sourceslist; + &file-aptconf; + &file-preferences; + &file-cachearchives; + &file-statelists; </variablelist> </refsect1> @@ -495,7 +568,16 @@ <refsect1><title>Diagnostics</title> <para><command>apt-get</command> returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error.</para> </refsect1> - + <refsect1> + <title>ORIGINAL AUTHORS</title> + <para>&apt-author.jgunthorpe;</para> + </refsect1> + <refsect1> + <title>CURRENT AUTHORS</title> + <para> + &apt-author.team; + </para> + &apt-qapage; + </refsect1> &manbugs; - </refentry>