X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/apt.git/blobdiff_plain/5b42c812e5f689206f5e3ad4196f17c97ca34415..81cf16a26fa162ac672b084a88148b822e645665:/doc/apt-get.8.xml diff --git a/doc/apt-get.8.xml b/doc/apt-get.8.xml index 2ea6ea1d4..0568036aa 100644 --- a/doc/apt-get.8.xml +++ b/doc/apt-get.8.xml @@ -1,10 +1,13 @@ - %aptent; + +%aptverbatiment; + ]> @@ -15,12 +18,13 @@ &apt-email; &apt-product; - 29 February 2004 + 2012-05-21T00:00:00Z apt-get 8 + APT @@ -29,41 +33,19 @@ APT package handling utility -- command-line interface - - - - apt-get - - - - - update - upgrade - dselect-upgrade - install pkg - remove pkg - purge pkg - source pkg - build-dep pkg - check - clean - autoclean - autoremove - - - - + &synopsis-command-apt-get; + Description apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT - library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as dselect(8), - aptitude, synaptic, gnome-apt and wajig. + library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as &dselect;, + &aptitude;, &synaptic; and &wajig;. Unless the , or option is given, one of the commands below must be present. - update + update is used to resynchronize the package index files from their sources. The indexes of available packages are fetched from the location(s) specified in /etc/apt/sources.list. @@ -75,7 +57,7 @@ of the package files cannot be known in advance. - upgrade + upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in /etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently installed with @@ -88,7 +70,7 @@ available. - dselect-upgrade + dselect-upgrade is used in conjunction with the traditional Debian packaging front-end, &dselect;. dselect-upgrade @@ -98,30 +80,38 @@ packages). - dist-upgrade + dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade, also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if necessary. + So, dist-upgrade command may remove some packages. The /etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of locations from which to retrieve desired package files. See also &apt-preferences; for a mechanism for overriding the general settings for individual packages. - install - install is followed by one or more packages desired for - installation. Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified - filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system, libc6 would be the - argument provided, not libc6_1.9.6-2.deb) All packages required - by the package(s) specified for installation will also be retrieved and - installed. The /etc/apt/sources.list file is used to locate - the desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with - no intervening space), the identified package will be removed if it is - installed. Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a package to - install. These latter features may be used to override decisions made by - apt-get's conflict resolution system. + + + install is followed by one or more + packages desired for installation or upgrading. + Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified + filename (for instance, in a Debian GNU/Linux system, + libc6 would be the argument provided, not + libc6_1.9.6-2.deb). All packages required + by the package(s) specified for installation will also + be retrieved and installed. + The /etc/apt/sources.list file is + used to locate the desired packages. If a hyphen is + appended to the package name (with no intervening space), + the identified package will be removed if it is installed. + Similarly a plus sign can be used to designate a + package to install. These latter features may be used + to override decisions made by apt-get's conflict + resolution system. + A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by following the package name with an equals and the version of the package @@ -133,6 +123,17 @@ Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be used with care. + This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or + more already-installed packages without upgrading every package + you have on your system. Unlike the "upgrade" target, which + installs the newest version of all currently installed packages, + "install" will install the newest version of only the package(s) + specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) you wish + to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its + dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and + installed. + + Finally, the &apt-preferences; mechanism allows you to create an alternative installation policy for individual packages. @@ -146,29 +147,41 @@ with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular expression. - remove + remove is identical to install except that packages are - removed instead of installed. If a plus sign is appended to the package + removed instead of installed. Note the removing a package leaves its + configuration files in system. If a plus sign is appended to the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package will be installed instead of removed. - purge + purge is identical to remove except that packages are - removed and purged. + removed and purged (any configuration files are deleted too). - source + source causes apt-get to fetch source packages. APT will examine the available packages to decide which source package to fetch. It will then find and download into the current directory the - newest available version of that source package. Source packages are - tracked separately from binary packages via deb-src type lines - in the &sources-list; file. This probably will mean that you will not - get the same source as the package you have installed or as you could - install. If the --compile options is specified then the package will be - compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is - specified then the source package will not be unpacked. + newest available version of that source package while respecting the + default release, set with the option APT::Default-Release, + the option or per package with the + pkg/release syntax, if possible. + + Source packages are tracked separately + from binary packages via deb-src type lines + in the &sources-list; file. This means that you will need to add such a line + for each repository you want to get sources from. If you don't do this + you will properly get another (newer, older or none) source version than + the one you have installed or could install. + + If the option is specified + then the package will be compiled to a binary .deb using + dpkg-buildpackage for the architecture as + defined by the --host-architecture option. + If is specified then the source package + will not be unpacked. A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism @@ -181,17 +194,25 @@ tar balls. - build-dep + build-dep causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an - attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. + attempt to satisfy the build dependencies for a source package. By default the dependencies are + satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a host-architecture can be specified + with the option instead. - check + check is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache and checks for broken dependencies. - clean + + download will download the given + binary package into the current directory. + + + + clean clears out the local repository of retrieved package files. It removes everything but the lock file from &cachedir;/archives/ and @@ -201,7 +222,7 @@ from time to time to free up disk space. - autoclean + Like clean, autoclean clears out the local repository of retrieved package files. The difference is that it only removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely @@ -211,10 +232,27 @@ erased if it is set to off. - autoremove + autoremove is used to remove packages that were automatically - installed to satisfy dependencies for some package and that are no more needed. + installed to satisfy dependencies for other packages and are now no longer needed. + + + + changelog downloads a package changelog and displays + it through sensible-pager. The server name and base + directory is defined in the APT::Changelogs::Server + variable (e. g. packages.debian.org/changelogs for + Debian or changelogs.ubuntu.com/changelogs for + Ubuntu). + By default it displays the changelog for the version that is + installed. However, you can specify the same options as for + the command. + + + + + @@ -222,6 +260,16 @@ &apt-cmdblurb; + + Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. + Configuration Item: APT::Install-Recommends. + + + + Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. + Configuration Item: APT::Install-Suggests. + + Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Download-Only. @@ -230,8 +278,8 @@ Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages - to permit APT to deduce a likely solution. Any Package that are specified - must completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when + to permit APT to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, + these have to completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention @@ -280,9 +328,15 @@ actually change the system. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Simulate. + Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (Debug::NoLocking) + automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation, + if the option APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note is set (Default: true). + Neither NoLocking nor the notice will be triggered if run as root (root should know what + he is doing without further warnings by apt-get). + Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf), - Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages with + Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence (rare). @@ -296,6 +350,11 @@ Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-Yes. + + Automatic "no" to all prompts. + Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-No. + + Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be upgraded. @@ -307,6 +366,16 @@ Configuration Item: APT::Get::Show-Versions. + + + This option controls the architecture packages are built for + by apt-get source --compile and how cross-builddependencies + are satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture + is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by APT::Architecture). + Configuration Item: APT::Get::Host-Architecture + + + Compile source packages after downloading them. @@ -327,6 +396,14 @@ Configuration Item: APT::Get::Upgrade. + + Do not install new packages; When used in conjunction + with install, only-upgrade will + install upgrades for already installed packages only and ignore requests + to install new packages. + Configuration Item: APT::Get::Only-Upgrade. + + Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It @@ -349,7 +426,8 @@ Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are - scheduled to be purged. + scheduled to be purged. is equivalent to the + command. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Purge. @@ -377,7 +455,8 @@ of this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be - or . + , + or . Configuration Item: APT::Default-Release; see also the &apt-preferences; manual page. @@ -439,50 +518,11 @@ Files - /etc/apt/sources.list - Locations to fetch packages from. - Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::SourceList. - - - /etc/apt/apt.conf - APT configuration file. - Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Main. - - - /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/ - APT configuration file fragments - Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Parts. - - - /etc/apt/preferences - Version preferences file. - This is where you would specify "pinning", - i.e. a preference to get certain packages - from a separate source - or from a different version of a distribution. - Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Preferences. - - - &cachedir;/archives/ - Storage area for retrieved package files. - Configuration Item: Dir::Cache::Archives. - - - &cachedir;/archives/partial/ - Storage area for package files in transit. - Configuration Item: Dir::Cache::Archives (implicit partial). - - - &statedir;/lists/ - Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in - &sources-list; - Configuration Item: Dir::State::Lists. - - - &statedir;/lists/partial/ - Storage area for state information in transit. - Configuration Item: Dir::State::Lists (implicit partial). - + &file-sourceslist; + &file-aptconf; + &file-preferences; + &file-cachearchives; + &file-statelists; @@ -495,7 +535,5 @@ Diagnostics apt-get returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error. - &manbugs; -