X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/apt.git/blobdiff_plain/113942be71c90e7d6a9cff93cc05ac119db526de..f5a34606b4a910e7b7b984940fb2d12681a2dd3b:/doc/apt_preferences.5.xml diff --git a/doc/apt_preferences.5.xml b/doc/apt_preferences.5.xml index 3d7896226..f08f92b94 100644 --- a/doc/apt_preferences.5.xml +++ b/doc/apt_preferences.5.xml @@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ %aptent; + +%aptverbatiment; + ]> @@ -59,14 +62,19 @@ APT will not questioning the preferences so wrong settings will therefore lead to uninstallable packages or wrong decisions while upgrading packages. Even more problems will arise if multiply distribution releases are mixed without a good understanding of the following paragraphs. +Packages included in a specific release aren't tested in and +therefore doesn't always work as expected in older or newer releases or +together with other packages from different releases. You have been warned. Note that the files in the /etc/apt/preferences.d directory are parsed in alphanumeric ascending order and need to obey the -following naming convention: The files have no or "pref" -as filename extension and which only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), -underscore (_) and period (.) characters - otherwise they will be silently -ignored. +following naming convention: The files have either no or "pref" +as filename extension and only contain alphanumeric, hyphen (-), +underscore (_) and period (.) characters. +Otherwise APT will print a notice that it has ignored a file if the file +doesn't match a pattern in the Dir::Ignore-Files-Silently +configuration list - in this case it will be silently ignored. APT's Default Priority Assignments @@ -94,9 +102,19 @@ APT::Default-Release "stable"; algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign: + +priority 1 +to the versions coming from archives which in their Release +files are marked as "NotAutomatic: yes" but not as "ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes" +like the debian experimental archive. + + priority 100 -to the version that is already installed (if any). +to the version that is already installed (if any) and to the versions coming +from archives which in their Release files are marked as "NotAutomatic: yes" and +"ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes" like the debian backports archive since squeeze-backports. + @@ -113,7 +131,10 @@ algorithm to set the priorities of the versions of a package. Assign: If the target release has not been specified then APT simply assigns priority 100 to all installed package versions and priority 500 to all -uninstalled package versions. +uninstalled package versions, except versions coming from archives which +in their Release files are marked as "NotAutomatic: yes" - +these versions get the priority 1 or priority 100 if it is additionally marked +as "ButAutomaticUpgrades: yes". APT then applies the following rules, listed in order of precedence, to determine which version of a package to install. @@ -192,8 +213,15 @@ Pin: origin "" Pin-Priority: 999 -A note of caution: the keyword used here is "origin". -This should not be confused with the Origin of a distribution as +A note of caution: the keyword used here is "origin" +which can be used to match a hostname. The following record will assign a high priority +to all versions available from the server identified by the hostname "ftp.de.debian.org" + +Package: * +Pin: origin "ftp.de.debian.org" +Pin-Priority: 999 + +This should not be confused with the Origin of a distribution as specified in a Release file. What follows the "Origin:" tag in a Release file is not an Internet address but an author or vendor name, such as "Debian" or "Ximian". @@ -208,11 +236,11 @@ Pin-Priority: 50 The following record assigns a high priority to all package versions -belonging to any distribution whose Codename is "squeeze". +belonging to any distribution whose Codename is "&testing-codename;". Package: * -Pin: release n=squeeze +Pin: release n=&testing-codename; Pin-Priority: 900 @@ -231,6 +259,49 @@ Pin-Priority: 500 +Regular expressions and glob() syntax + +APT also supports pinning by glob() expressions and regular +expressions surrounded by /. For example, the following +example assigns the priority 500 to all packages from +experimental where the name starts with gnome (as a glob()-like +expression) or contains the word kde (as a POSIX extended regular +expression surrounded by slashes). + + + +Package: gnome* /kde/ +Pin: release n=experimental +Pin-Priority: 500 + + + +The rule for those expressions is that they can occur anywhere +where a string can occur. Thus, the following pin assigns the +priority 990 to all packages from a release starting with karmic. + + + +Package: * +Pin: release n=karmic* +Pin-Priority: 990 + + +If a regular expression occurs in a Package field, +the behavior is the same as if this regular expression were replaced +with a list of all package names it matches. It is undecided whether +this will change in the future, thus you should always list wild-card +pins first, so later specific pins override it. + +The pattern "*" in a Package field is not considered +a glob() expression in itself. + + + + + + + How APT Interprets Priorities @@ -345,7 +416,7 @@ APT priorities: The Release file is normally found in the directory .../dists/dist-name: for example, .../dists/stable/Release, -or .../dists/woody/Release. +or .../dists/&stable-codename;/Release. It consists of a single multi-line record which applies to all of the packages in the directory tree below its parent. Unlike the Packages file, nearly all of the lines in a Release @@ -373,14 +444,14 @@ Pin: release a=stable the Codename: line names the codename to which all the packages in the directory tree belong. For example, the line -"Codename: squeeze" +"Codename: &testing-codename;" specifies that all of the packages in the directory tree below the parent of the Release file belong to a version named -squeeze. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file +&testing-codename;. Specifying this value in the APT preferences file would require the line: -Pin: release n=squeeze +Pin: release n=&testing-codename; @@ -466,10 +537,6 @@ distribution. Each record in the APT preferences file can optionally begin with one or more lines beginning with the word Explanation:. This provides a place for comments. - -The Pin-Priority: line in each APT preferences record is -optional. If omitted, APT assigns a priority of 1 less than the last value -specified on a line beginning with Pin-Priority: release .... @@ -584,14 +651,14 @@ the example configurations above. Explanation: Uninstall or do not install any Debian-originated package versions -Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with squeeze or sid +Explanation: other than those in the distribution codenamed with &testing-codename; or sid Package: * -Pin: release n=squeeze +Pin: release n=&testing-codename; Pin-Priority: 900 Explanation: Debian unstable is always codenamed with sid Package: * -Pin: release a=sid +Pin: release n=sid Pin-Priority: 800 Package: * @@ -602,7 +669,7 @@ Pin-Priority: -10 With a suitable &sources-list; file and the above preferences file, any of the following commands will cause APT to upgrade to the -latest version(s) in the release codenamed with squeeze. +latest version(s) in the release codenamed with &testing-codename;. apt-get install package-name @@ -614,7 +681,7 @@ apt-get dist-upgrade The following command will cause APT to upgrade the specified package to the latest version from the sid distribution. Thereafter, apt-get upgrade will upgrade -the package to the most recent squeeze version if that is +the package to the most recent &testing-codename; version if that is more recent than the installed version, otherwise, to the most recent sid version if that is more recent than the installed version.