.\"	$NetBSD: bind.2,v 1.8 1995/10/12 15:40:46 jtc Exp $
.\"
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.\"     @(#)bind.2	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
.\"
.Dd March 18, 2015
.Dt BIND 2
.Os BSD 4.2
.Sh NAME
.Nm bind
.Nd bind a name to a socket
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <sys/socket.h>
.Ft int
.Fo bind
.Fa "int socket"
.Fa "const struct sockaddr *address"
.Fa "socklen_t address_len"
.Fc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Fn bind
assigns a name to an unnamed socket.
When a socket is created 
with
.Xr socket 2
it exists in a name space (address family)
but has no name assigned.
.Fn bind
requests that
.Fa address
be assigned to the socket.
.Sh NOTES
Binding a name in the UNIX domain creates a socket in the file
system that must be deleted by the caller when it is no longer
needed (using
.Xr unlink 2 ) .
.Pp
The rules used in name binding vary between communication domains.
Consult the manual entries in section 4 for detailed information.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.
Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and the global integer variable
.Va errno
is set to indicate the error.
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn bind
system call will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EACCES
The requested address is protected, and the current user
has inadequate permission to access it.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EADDRINUSE
The specified address is already in use.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EADDRNOTAVAIL
The specified address is not available from the local machine.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EAFNOSUPPORT
.Fa address
is not valid for the address family of
.Fa socket .
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EBADF
.Fa socket
is not a valid file descriptor.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EDESTADDRREQ
.Fa socket
is a null pointer.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EFAULT
The
.Fa address
parameter is not in a valid part of the user
address space.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EINVAL
.Fa socket
is already bound to an address
and the protocol does not support binding to a new address.
Alternatively,
.Fa socket
may have been shut down.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er ENOTSOCK
.Fa socket
does not refer to a socket.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
.Fa socket
is not of a type that can be bound to an address.
.El
.Pp
The following errors are specific to binding names in the UNIX domain.
.Bl -tag -width Er
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EACCES
A component of the path prefix does not allow searching
or the node's parent directory denies write permission.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EEXIST
A file already exists at the pathname.
.Xr unlink 2
it first.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EIO
An I/O error occurred while making the directory entry
or allocating the inode.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EISDIR
An empty pathname was specified.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er ELOOP
Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
This is taken to be indicative of a looping symbolic link.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
A component of a pathname exceeded 
.Dv {NAME_MAX}
characters, or an entire path name exceeded 
.Dv {PATH_MAX}
characters.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er ENOENT
A component of the path name does not refer to an existing file.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
.\" ==========
.It Bq Er EROFS
The name would reside on a read-only file system.
.El
.Sh LEGACY SYNOPSIS
.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
.Fd #include <sys/socket.h>
.Pp
The include file
.In sys/types.h
is necessary.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr connect 2 ,
.Xr connectx 2 ,
.Xr getsockname 2 ,
.Xr listen 2 ,
.Xr socket 2 ,
.Xr compat 5
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Fn bind
function call appeared in
.Bx 4.2 .