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16 .\"
17 .\" @(#)searchfs.2
18 .
19 .Dd December 15, 2003
20 .Dt SEARCHFS 2
21 .Os Darwin
22 .Sh NAME
23 .Nm searchfs
24 .Nd search a volume quickly
25 .Sh SYNOPSIS
26 .Fd #include <sys/attr.h>
27 .Fd #include <unistd.h>
28 .Ft int
29 .Fn searchfs "const char * path" "struct fssearchblock * searchBlock" "unsigned long * numMatches" "unsigned long scriptCode" "unsigned long options" "struct searchstate * state"
30 .
31 .Sh DESCRIPTION
32 The
33 .Fn searchfs
34 function searches the volume (that is, mounted file system) specified by
35 .Fa path
36 for file system objects matching the criteria specified by
37 .Fa searchBlock ,
38 .Fa scriptCode ,
39 and
40 .Fa options .
41 The
42 .Fa numMatches
43 parameter returns the number of matching file system objects found.
44 The function also returns attributes of those file system objects in a buffer
45 specified by
46 .Fa searchBlock .
47 The
48 .Fa searchState
49 parameter allows you search the volume using multiple calls to
50 .Fn searchfs ,
51 resuming the search where it left off.
52 The routine will only return objects to which you have access (that is, you
53 have execute permissions on the directories leading to this object from the root).
54 .Pp
55 .
56 .\" path parameter
57 .
58 The
59 .Fa path
60 parameter must reference a valid file system object on the volume to be searched.
61 Typically the path is to the volume's root directory.
62 The entire volume is always searched.
63 All directories listed in the path name leading to this object must be
64 searchable.
65 .Pp
66 .
67 .\" searchBlock parameter
68 .
69 The
70 .Fa searchBlock
71 parameter is a pointer to an
72 .Vt fssearchblock
73 structure, as defined by
74 .Aq Pa sys/attr.h
75 (shown below).
76 You are responsible for filling out all fields of this structure before calling the function.
77 .Bd -literal
78 struct fssearchblock {
79 struct attrlist * returnattrs;
80 void * returnbuffer;
81 size_t returnbuffersize;
82 unsigned long maxmatches;
83 struct timeval timelimit;
84 void * searchparams1;
85 size_t sizeofsearchparams1;
86 void * searchparams2;
87 size_t sizeofsearchparams2;
88 struct attrlist searchattrs;
89 };
90 .Ed
91 .Pp
92 .
93 For information about the
94 .Vt attrlist
95 structure, see the discussion of
96 .Xr getattrlist 2 .
97 .Pp
98 .
99 .\" searchBlock elements
100 .
101 The fields of the
102 .Vt fssearchblock
103 structure are defined as follows.
104 .Bl -tag -width sizeofsearchparams1
105 .
106 .It returnattrs
107 .Fn searchfs
108 can return arbitrary attributes of the file system objects that it finds.
109 This field must point to an
110 .Vt attrlist
111 structure that specifies the attributes that you want returned.
112 To request an attribute you must set the corresponding bit in the appropriate
113 .Vt attrgroup_t
114 field of the
115 .Vt attrlist
116 structure.
117 You are responsible for filling out all fields of this structure before calling the function.
118 You must not request volume attributes.
119 .
120 .It returnbuffer
121 .Fn searchfs
122 places attributes of the matching file system objects into this returned attributes buffer.
123 The attributes for any given object are grouped together and
124 packed in exactly the same way as they would be returned from
125 .Xr getdirentriesattr 2 .
126 The initial contents of this buffer are ignored.
127 .
128 .It returnbuffersize
129 Set this field to the size, in bytes, of the buffer pointed to by
130 .Fa returnbuffer .
131 .
132 .It maxmatches
133 Specifies the maximum number of matches that you want this call to
134 .Fn searchfs
135 to return.
136 .
137 .It timelimit
138 Specifies the maximum time that you want this call to
139 .Fn searchfs
140 to run.
141 .Pp
142 .
143 If you're implementing a volume format, you should impose your own internal
144 limit on the duration of this call to prevent a malicious user program
145 from monopolising kernel resources.
146 .Pp
147 .
148 .It searchparams1
149 Specifies the lower bound of the search criteria.
150 This is discussed in detail below.
151 You must place attribute values into the buffer in the same
152 way as they would be returned by
153 .Xr getattrlist 2 ,
154 where the
155 .Fa searchattrs
156 field determines the exact layout of the attribute values.
157 .
158 .It sizeofsearchparams1
159 Set this field to the size, in bytes, of the buffer pointed to by
160 .Fa searchparams1 .
161 .
162 .It searchparams2
163 Specifies the upper bound of the search criteria.
164 This is discussed in detail below.
165 You must place attribute values into the buffer in the same
166 way as they would be returned by
167 .Xr getattrlist 2 ,
168 where the
169 .Fa searchattrs
170 field determines the exact layout of the attribute values.
171 .
172 .It sizeofsearchparams2
173 Set this field to the size, in bytes, of the buffer pointed to by
174 .Fa searchparams2 .
175 .
176 .It searchattrs
177 Specifies the attributes that you want you use for your search criteria.
178 You are responsible for filling out all fields of this structure before calling the function.
179 To search for an attribute you must set the corresponding bit in the appropriate
180 .Vt attrgroup_t
181 field of the
182 .Vt attrlist
183 structure, and place the appropriate values into the
184 .Fa searchparam1
185 and
186 .Fa searchparam2
187 buffers.
188 The attributes specified here determine the format of those buffers.
189 This is discussed in detail below.
190 .
191 .El
192 .Pp
193 .
194 .\" numMatches parameter
195 .
196 The
197 .Fa numMatches
198 parameter points to an
199 .Vt unsigned long
200 variable.
201 The initial value of this variable is ignored.
202 On return, this variable contains the number of matching file system objects found.
203 The is always less than or equal to the
204 .Fa maxmatches
205 field of the
206 .Fa searchBlock
207 parameter.
208 The attributes for the matching objects have been placed into the returned attributes buffer.
209 .Pp
210 .
211 .\" scriptCode parameter
212 .
213 The
214 .Fa scriptCode
215 parameter is currently ignored.
216 You should always pass in the value 0x08000103, which corresponds to the
217 UTF-8 text encoding value defined by
218 .Aq Pa CarbonCore/TextCommon.h .
219 .Pp
220 .
221 .\" options parameter
222 .
223 The
224 .Fa options
225 parameter is a bit set that controls the behaviour of
226 .Fn searchfs .
227 The following option bits are defined.
228 .
229 .Bl -tag -width SRCHFS_MATCHPARTIALNAMES
230 .
231 .It SRCHFS_START
232 If this bit is set,
233 .Fn searchfs
234 will ignore the
235 .Fa state
236 parameter and start a new search.
237 Otherwise
238 .Fn searchfs
239 assumes that
240 .Fa searchstate
241 is valid and attempts to resume a previous search based on that state.
242 .
243 .It SRCHFS_MATCHPARTIALNAMES
244 If this bit is set,
245 .Fn searchfs
246 will consider substrings to be successful matches when evaluating the
247 .Dv ATTR_CMN_NAME
248 attribute.
249 .
250 .It SRCHFS_MATCHDIRS
251 If this bit is set,
252 .Fn searchfs
253 will search for directories that match the search criteria.
254 To get meaningful results you must specify either this bit or
255 .Dv SRCHFS_MATCHFILES ,
256 or both.
257 .
258 .It SRCHFS_MATCHFILES
259 If this bit is set,
260 .Fn searchfs
261 will search for files that match the search criteria.
262 To get meaningful results you must specify either this bit or
263 .Dv SRCHFS_MATCHDIRS ,
264 or both.
265 .
266 .It SRCHFS_SKIPLINKS
267 If this bit is set,
268 .Fn searchfs
269 will only return one reference for a hard linked file, rather that a reference
270 for each hard link to the file.
271 .Pp
272 This option is not recommended for general development.
273 Its primary client is the
274 .Xr quotacheck 2
275 utility.
276 .Pp
277 .
278 This option is privileged (the caller's effective UID must be 0) and cannot
279 be used if you request the
280 .Dv ATTR_CMN_NAME
281 or
282 .Dv ATTR_CMN_PAROBJID
283 attributes.
284 .Pp
285 Introduced with Darwin 7.0 (Mac OS X version 10.3).
286 .
287 .It SRCHFS_SKIPINVISIBLE
288 If this bit is set,
289 .Fn searchfs
290 will not match any invisible file system objects (that is, objects whose
291 .Dv ATTR_CMN_FNDRINFO
292 attribute has bit 6 set in the ninth byte) or any objects within
293 invisible directories.
294 .Pp
295 Introduced with Darwin 7.0 (Mac OS X version 10.3).
296 .
297 .It SRCHFS_SKIPPACKAGES
298 If this bit is set,
299 .Fn searchfs
300 will not match any file system objects that are inside a package.
301 A package is defined as a directory whose extension matches one
302 of the extensions that are configured into the kernel by Launch Services.
303 .Pp
304 Introduced with Darwin 7.0 (Mac OS X version 10.3).
305 .
306 .It SRCHFS_SKIPINAPPROPRIATE
307 If this bit is set,
308 .Fn searchfs
309 will not match any file system objects that are within an inappropriate directory.
310 The current list of inappropriate directories contains one item: /System.
311 .Pp
312 Introduced with Darwin 7.0 (Mac OS X version 10.3).
313 .
314 .It SRCHFS_NEGATEPARAMS
315 If this bit is set,
316 .Fn searchfs
317 will return all the file system objects that do not match the search criteria.
318 .Pp
319 Introduced with Darwin 7.0 (Mac OS X version 10.3).
320 .
321 .El
322 .Pp
323 .
324 .\" state parameter
325 .
326 The
327 .Fa state
328 parameter is a pointer to an opaque data structure that
329 .Fn searchfs
330 uses to maintain the state of a search between successive calls.
331 In your first call to
332 .Fn searchfs ,
333 you specify the
334 .Dv SRCHFS_START
335 flag in the
336 .Fa options
337 parameter.
338 This tells
339 .Fn searchfs
340 that the search state is invalid and that it should start a new search.
341 When this call completes, it may have only returned partial results;
342 in that case, it will have updated the structure pointed to by
343 .Fa state .
344 If you call
345 .Fn searchfs
346 again, this time without specifying the
347 .Dv SRCHFS_START
348 flag in the
349 .Fa options
350 parameter, it will resume the search where it left off, using the search state
351 that it previously stored in the state structure.
352 You do not need to explicitly dispose of this state.
353 .Pp
354 .
355 The
356 .Fn searchfs
357 function returns significant errors in the followings cases.
358 .
359 .Bl -bullet
360 .
361 .It
362 If it has found as many objects as you requested in the
363 .Fa maxmatches
364 field of the
365 .Fa searchBlock
366 parameter, it will return
367 .Dv EAGAIN .
368 .
369 .It
370 If there is not enough space in the returned attributes buffer for the first match,
371 it will return
372 .Dv ENOBUFS .
373 You should allocate a larger returned attributes buffer and try again.
374 .Fa numMatches
375 will be zero in this case.
376 .
377 .It
378 If the timeout expires it will return
379 .Dv EAGAIN .
380 .
381 .It
382 If you attempt to resume a search (that is,
383 .Dv SRCHFS_START
384 is not specified in the
385 .Fa options
386 parameter) and the catalog has changed since the last search,
387 the function will return
388 .Dv EBUSY .
389 You must start your search again from the beginning.
390 .
391 .El
392 .Pp
393 .
394 If
395 .Fn searchfs
396 returns
397 .Dv EAGAIN ,
398 the value in
399 .Fa numMatches
400 may be greater than zero.
401 This is known as a partial result.
402 You should be sure to process these matches before calling
403 .Fn searchfs
404 again.
405 .
406 .Sh SEARCH CRITERIA
407 .
408 You specify the search criteria using a combination of the
409 .Fa searchattrs ,
410 .Fa searchparams1 ,
411 .Fa sizeofsearchparams1,
412 .Fa searchparams2 ,
413 and
414 .Fa sizeofsearchparams2
415 fields of the
416 .Fa searchBlock
417 parameter, and various flags in the
418 .Fa options
419 parameter.
420 The
421 .Fa searchattrs
422 field determines the attributes considered when comparing a file system object to
423 the search criteria.
424 You can specify that an attribute should be considered by setting the corresponding
425 bit in the appropriate
426 .Vt attrgroup_t
427 field of the
428 .Vt attrlist
429 structure.
430 See the discussion of
431 .Xr getattrlist 2
432 for a detailed description of this structure.
433 .Pp
434 .
435 The
436 .Fa searchparams1 ,
437 .Fa sizeofsearchparams1 ,
438 .Fa searchparams2 ,
439 and
440 .Fa sizeofsearchparams2
441 fields specify the attribute values that must be matched.
442 The format of each of these buffers is determined by the attributes that you're searching for.
443 The values are packed in exactly the same way as they would be returned from
444 .Xr getattrlist 2 ,
445 including the leading
446 .Vt unsigned long
447 length value.
448 .Pp
449 .
450 The attribute values in the first and second search buffers form a lower and upper bound for
451 the search, respectively.
452 These have different meanings depending on the type of attribute.
453 .
454 .Bl -bullet
455 .
456 .It
457 For string attributes (specifically
458 .Dv ATTR_CMN_NAME ,
459 the object name), the value in the first search
460 buffer is significant and the value in the second search buffer is ignored.
461 The string comparison is either an exact match or a substring match depending on
462 the
463 .Dv SRCHFS_MATCHPARTIALNAMES
464 flag in the
465 .Fa options
466 parameter.
467 .
468 .It
469 For structured attributes (specifically
470 .Dv ATTR_CMN_FNDRINFO ,
471 the Finder information), the value from the
472 file system object is masked (logical AND) with the value in the second search buffer and then
473 compared, byte for byte, against the value in the first search buffer.
474 If it is equal, the object is a match.
475 .
476 .It
477 For scalar attributes (all other attributes, for example,
478 .Dv ATTR_CMN_MODTIME ,
479 the modification date), the values in the first and second search
480 buffers are literally a lower and upper bound.
481 An object matches the criteria if its value is greater than or equal to the value in
482 the first buffer and less than or equal to the value in the second.
483 .
484 .El
485 .
486 .Sh RETURN VALUES
487 Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.
488 This means that the entire volume has been searched and all matches returned.
489 Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and
490 .Va errno
491 is set to indicate the error.
492 .Pp
493 .
494 See the discussion of the
495 .Dv EAGAIN ,
496 .Dv ENOBUFS ,
497 and
498 .Dv EBUSY
499 error codes above.
500 .
501 .Sh COMPATIBILITY
502 Not all volumes support
503 .Fn searchfs .
504 You can test whether a volume supports
505 .Fn searchfs
506 by using
507 .Xr getattrlist 2
508 to get the volume capabilities attribute
509 .Dv ATTR_VOL_CAPABILITIES ,
510 and then testing the
511 .Dv VOL_CAP_INT_SEARCHFS
512 flag.
513 .Pp
514 .
515 The
516 .Fn searchfs
517 function has been undocumented for more than two years.
518 In that time a number of volume format implementations have been created without
519 a proper specification for the behaviour of this routine.
520 You may encounter volume format implementations with slightly different
521 behaviour than what is described here.
522 Your program is expected to be tolerant of this variant behaviour.
523 .Pp
524 .
525 If you're implementing a volume format that supports
526 .Fn searchfs ,
527 you should be careful to support the behaviour specified by this document.
528 .Pp
529 .
530 A bug in systems prior to Darwin 7.0 (Mac OS X version 10.3) makes searching for the
531 .Dv ATTR_CMN_BKUPTIME
532 attribute tricky.
533 The bug causes the attribute to consume two items in the search attribute buffers, the
534 first in the proper place and the second between
535 .Dv ATTR_CMN_FNDRINFO
536 and
537 .Dv ATTR_CMN_OWNERID .
538 .
539 .Sh ERRORS
540 .Fn searchfs
541 will fail if:
542 .Bl -tag -width Er
543 .
544 .It Bq Er ENOTSUP
545 The volume does not support
546 .Fn searchfs .
547 .
548 .It Bq Er ENOTDIR
549 A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
550 .
551 .It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
552 A component of a path name exceeded
553 .Dv NAME_MAX
554 characters, or an entire path name exceeded
555 .Dv PATH_MAX
556 characters.
557 .
558 .It Bq Er ENOENT
559 The file system object does not exist.
560 .
561 .It Bq Er EACCES
562 Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
563 .
564 .It Bq Er ELOOP
565 Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
566 .
567 .It Bq Er EFAULT
568 One of the pointer parameters points to an invalid address.
569 .
570 .It Bq Er EINVAL
571 The
572 .Fa options
573 parameter contains an invalid flag or sizeofsearchparams1/2 is greater than
574 SEARCHFS_MAX_SEARCHPARMS (see attr.h).
575 .
576 .It Bq Er EAGAIN
577 The search terminated with partial results, either because
578 .Fa numMatches
579 has hit the limit specified by
580 .Fa maxmatches
581 or because the timeout expired.
582 Process the matches returned so far and then call
583 .Fn searchfs
584 again to look for more.
585 .Pp
586 .
587 .It Bq Er ENOBUFS
588 The returned attributes buffer is too small for the first match.
589 You should allocate a larger returned attributes buffer and try again.
590 .Fa numMatches
591 will be zero in this case.
592 .
593 .It Bq Er EBUSY
594 The search could not be resumed because the volume has changed.
595 .
596 .It Bq Er EIO
597 An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
598 .El
599 .Pp
600 .
601 .Sh CAVEATS
602 Not all attributes can be searched for using
603 .Fn searchfs .
604 The list currently includes:
605 .Pp
606 .
607 .Bl -item -compact
608 .It
609 ATTR_CMN_NAME
610 .It
611 ATTR_CMN_OBJID
612 .It
613 ATTR_CMN_PAROBJID
614 .It
615 ATTR_CMN_CRTIME
616 .It
617 ATTR_CMN_MODTIME
618 .It
619 ATTR_CMN_CHGTIME
620 .It
621 ATTR_CMN_ACCTIME
622 .It
623 ATTR_CMN_BKUPTIME
624 .It
625 ATTR_CMN_FNDRINFO
626 .It
627 ATTR_CMN_BKUPTIME
628 .It
629 ATTR_CMN_OWNERID
630 .It
631 ATTR_CMN_GRPID
632 .It
633 ATTR_CMN_ACCESSMASK
634 .Pp
635 .
636 .It
637 ATTR_DIR_ENTRYCOUNT
638 .Pp
639 .
640 .It
641 ATTR_FILE_DATALENGTH
642 .It
643 ATTR_FILE_DATAALLOCSIZE
644 .It
645 ATTR_FILE_RSRCLENGTH
646 .It
647 ATTR_FILE_RSRCALLOCSIZE
648 .El
649 .
650 .Sh EXAMPLES
651 .
652 The following code searches a volume for files of the specified type and creator.
653 .
654 .Bd -literal
655 #include <assert.h>
656 #include <stdio.h>
657 #include <stddef.h>
658 #include <string.h>
659 #include <sys/attr.h>
660 #include <sys/errno.h>
661 #include <unistd.h>
662 .Pp
663 .
664 typedef struct attrlist attrlist_t;
665 typedef struct fssearchblock fssearchblock_t;
666 typedef struct searchstate searchstate_t;
667 .Pp
668 .
669 struct SearchAttrBuf {
670 unsigned long length;
671 char finderInfo[32];
672 };
673 typedef struct SearchAttrBuf SearchAttrBuf;
674 .Pp
675 .
676 struct ResultAttrBuf {
677 unsigned long length;
678 attrreference_t name;
679 fsobj_id_t parObjID;
680 };
681 typedef struct ResultAttrBuf ResultAttrBuf;
682 .Pp
683 .
684 enum {
685 kMatchesPerCall = 16
686 };
687 .Pp
688 .
689 static int SearchFSDemo(
690 const char *volPath,
691 const char *type,
692 const char *creator
693 )
694 {
695 int err;
696 fssearchblock_t searchBlock;
697 SearchAttrBuf lower;
698 SearchAttrBuf upper;
699 static const unsigned char kAllOnes[4] = { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF };
700 unsigned long matchCount;
701 unsigned long matchIndex;
702 unsigned long options;
703 searchstate_t state;
704 ResultAttrBuf * thisEntry;
705 attrlist_t returnAttrList;
706 char resultAttrBuf[ kMatchesPerCall
707 * (sizeof(ResultAttrBuf) + 64)];
708 .Pp
709 .
710 // resultAttrBuf is big enough for kMatchesPerCall entries,
711 // assuming that the average name length is less than 64.
712 .Pp
713 .
714 assert(strlen(type) == 4);
715 assert(strlen(creator) == 4);
716 .Pp
717
718 memset(&searchBlock, 0, sizeof(searchBlock));
719 searchBlock.searchattrs.bitmapcount = ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT;
720 searchBlock.searchattrs.commonattr = ATTR_CMN_FNDRINFO;
721 .Pp
722
723 memset(&lower, 0, sizeof(lower));
724 memset(&upper, 0, sizeof(upper));
725 lower.length = sizeof(lower);
726 upper.length = sizeof(upper);
727 memcpy(&lower.finderInfo[0], type, 4);
728 memcpy(&lower.finderInfo[4], creator, 4);
729 memcpy(&upper.finderInfo[0], kAllOnes, 4);
730 memcpy(&upper.finderInfo[4], kAllOnes, 4);
731 searchBlock.searchparams1 = &lower;
732 searchBlock.sizeofsearchparams1 = sizeof(lower);
733 searchBlock.searchparams2 = &upper;
734 searchBlock.sizeofsearchparams2 = sizeof(lower);
735 .Pp
736
737 searchBlock.timelimit.tv_sec = 0;
738 searchBlock.timelimit.tv_usec = 100 * 1000;
739 .Pp
740
741 searchBlock.maxmatches = kMatchesPerCall;
742 .Pp
743
744 memset(&returnAttrList, 0, sizeof(returnAttrList));
745 returnAttrList.bitmapcount = ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT;
746 returnAttrList.commonattr = ATTR_CMN_NAME | ATTR_CMN_PAROBJID;
747 .Pp
748 .
749 searchBlock.returnattrs = &returnAttrList;
750 searchBlock.returnbuffer = resultAttrBuf;
751 searchBlock.returnbuffersize = sizeof(resultAttrBuf);
752 .Pp
753
754 options = SRCHFS_START | SRCHFS_MATCHFILES;
755 .Pp
756
757 do {
758 err = searchfs(
759 volPath,
760 &searchBlock,
761 &matchCount,
762 0x08000103,
763 options,
764 &state
765 );
766 if (err != 0) {
767 err = errno;
768 }
769 if ( (err == 0) || (err == EAGAIN) ) {
770 thisEntry = (ResultAttrBuf *) resultAttrBuf;
771 .Pp
772
773 for (matchIndex = 0; matchIndex < matchCount; matchIndex++) {
774 printf("%08x ", thisEntry->parObjID.fid_objno);
775 printf(
776 "%s\en",
777 ((char *) &thisEntry->name)
778 + thisEntry->name.attr_dataoffset
779 );
780 .
781 // Advance to the next entry.
782 .
783 ((char *) thisEntry) += thisEntry->length;
784 }
785 }
786 .Pp
787
788 options &= ~SRCHFS_START;
789 } while (err == EAGAIN);
790 .Pp
791
792 return err;
793 }
794 .Ed
795 .
796 .Sh SEE ALSO
797 .
798 .Xr getattrlist 2
799 .
800 .Sh HISTORY
801 A
802 .Fn searchfs
803 function call appeared in Darwin 1.3.1 (Mac OS X version 10.0).
804 .