xnu-7195.60.75.tar.gz

[apple/xnu.git] / osfmk / vm / vm_user.c

/*
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 *
 * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License
 * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of,
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 * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement.
 *
 * Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file.
 *
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
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/*
 * @OSF_COPYRIGHT@
 */
/*
 * Mach Operating System
 * Copyright (c) 1991,1990,1989,1988 Carnegie Mellon University
 * All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its
 * documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
 * ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon
 * the rights to redistribute these changes.
 */
/*
 */
/*
 *      File:   vm/vm_user.c
 *      Author: Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young
 *
 *      User-exported virtual memory functions.
 */

/*
 * There are three implementations of the "XXX_allocate" functionality in
 * the kernel: mach_vm_allocate (for any task on the platform), vm_allocate
 * (for a task with the same address space size, especially the current task),
 * and vm32_vm_allocate (for the specific case of a 32-bit task). vm_allocate
 * in the kernel should only be used on the kernel_task. vm32_vm_allocate only
 * makes sense on platforms where a user task can either be 32 or 64, or the kernel
 * task can be 32 or 64. mach_vm_allocate makes sense everywhere, and is preferred
 * for new code.
 *
 * The entrypoints into the kernel are more complex. All platforms support a
 * mach_vm_allocate-style API (subsystem 4800) which operates with the largest
 * size types for the platform. On platforms that only support U32/K32,
 * subsystem 4800 is all you need. On platforms that support both U32 and U64,
 * subsystem 3800 is used disambiguate the size of parameters, and they will
 * always be 32-bit and call into the vm32_vm_allocate APIs. On non-U32/K32 platforms,
 * the MIG glue should never call into vm_allocate directly, because the calling
 * task and kernel_task are unlikely to use the same size parameters
 *
 * New VM call implementations should be added here and to mach_vm.defs
 * (subsystem 4800), and use mach_vm_* "wide" types.
 */

#include <debug.h>

#include <vm_cpm.h>
#include <mach/boolean.h>
#include <mach/kern_return.h>
#include <mach/mach_types.h>    /* to get vm_address_t */
#include <mach/memory_object.h>
#include <mach/std_types.h>     /* to get pointer_t */
#include <mach/upl.h>
#include <mach/vm_attributes.h>
#include <mach/vm_param.h>
#include <mach/vm_statistics.h>
#include <mach/mach_syscalls.h>
#include <mach/sdt.h>

#include <mach/host_priv_server.h>
#include <mach/mach_vm_server.h>
#include <mach/memory_entry_server.h>
#include <mach/vm_map_server.h>

#include <kern/host.h>
#include <kern/kalloc.h>
#include <kern/task.h>
#include <kern/misc_protos.h>
#include <vm/vm_fault.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_object.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/memory_object.h>
#include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
#include <vm/vm_protos.h>
#include <vm/vm_purgeable_internal.h>
#include <vm/vm_init.h>

#include <san/kasan.h>

#include <libkern/OSDebug.h>
#include <IOKit/IOBSD.h>

vm_size_t        upl_offset_to_pagelist = 0;

#if     VM_CPM
#include <vm/cpm.h>
#endif  /* VM_CPM */

/*
 *      mach_vm_allocate allocates "zero fill" memory in the specfied
 *      map.
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_allocate_external(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *addr,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        int                     flags)
{
        vm_tag_t tag;

        VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, tag);
        return mach_vm_allocate_kernel(map, addr, size, flags, tag);
}

kern_return_t
mach_vm_allocate_kernel(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *addr,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        int                     flags,
        vm_tag_t    tag)
{
        vm_map_offset_t map_addr;
        vm_map_size_t   map_size;
        kern_return_t   result;
        boolean_t       anywhere;

        /* filter out any kernel-only flags */
        if (flags & ~VM_FLAGS_USER_ALLOCATE) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
        if (size == 0) {
                *addr = 0;
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        anywhere = ((VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE & flags) != 0);
        if (anywhere) {
                /*
                 * No specific address requested, so start candidate address
                 * search at the minimum address in the map.  However, if that
                 * minimum is 0, bump it up by PAGE_SIZE.  We want to limit
                 * allocations of PAGEZERO to explicit requests since its
                 * normal use is to catch dereferences of NULL and many
                 * applications also treat pointers with a value of 0 as
                 * special and suddenly having address 0 contain useable
                 * memory would tend to confuse those applications.
                 */
                map_addr = vm_map_min(map);
                if (map_addr == 0) {
                        map_addr += VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map);
                }
        } else {
                map_addr = vm_map_trunc_page(*addr,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
        }
        map_size = vm_map_round_page(size,
            VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
        if (map_size == 0) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        result = vm_map_enter(
                map,
                &map_addr,
                map_size,
                (vm_map_offset_t)0,
                flags,
                VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE,
                tag,
                VM_OBJECT_NULL,
                (vm_object_offset_t)0,
                FALSE,
                VM_PROT_DEFAULT,
                VM_PROT_ALL,
                VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);

        *addr = map_addr;
        return result;
}

/*
 *      vm_allocate
 *      Legacy routine that allocates "zero fill" memory in the specfied
 *      map (which is limited to the same size as the kernel).
 */
kern_return_t
vm_allocate_external(
        vm_map_t        map,
        vm_offset_t     *addr,
        vm_size_t       size,
        int             flags)
{
        vm_tag_t tag;

        VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, tag);
        return vm_allocate_kernel(map, addr, size, flags, tag);
}

kern_return_t
vm_allocate_kernel(
        vm_map_t        map,
        vm_offset_t     *addr,
        vm_size_t       size,
        int         flags,
        vm_tag_t    tag)
{
        vm_map_offset_t map_addr;
        vm_map_size_t   map_size;
        kern_return_t   result;
        boolean_t       anywhere;

        /* filter out any kernel-only flags */
        if (flags & ~VM_FLAGS_USER_ALLOCATE) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
        if (size == 0) {
                *addr = 0;
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        anywhere = ((VM_FLAGS_ANYWHERE & flags) != 0);
        if (anywhere) {
                /*
                 * No specific address requested, so start candidate address
                 * search at the minimum address in the map.  However, if that
                 * minimum is 0, bump it up by PAGE_SIZE.  We want to limit
                 * allocations of PAGEZERO to explicit requests since its
                 * normal use is to catch dereferences of NULL and many
                 * applications also treat pointers with a value of 0 as
                 * special and suddenly having address 0 contain useable
                 * memory would tend to confuse those applications.
                 */
                map_addr = vm_map_min(map);
                if (map_addr == 0) {
                        map_addr += VM_MAP_PAGE_SIZE(map);
                }
        } else {
                map_addr = vm_map_trunc_page(*addr,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
        }
        map_size = vm_map_round_page(size,
            VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
        if (map_size == 0) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        result = vm_map_enter(
                map,
                &map_addr,
                map_size,
                (vm_map_offset_t)0,
                flags,
                VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE,
                tag,
                VM_OBJECT_NULL,
                (vm_object_offset_t)0,
                FALSE,
                VM_PROT_DEFAULT,
                VM_PROT_ALL,
                VM_INHERIT_DEFAULT);

#if KASAN
        if (result == KERN_SUCCESS && map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
                kasan_notify_address(map_addr, map_size);
        }
#endif

        *addr = CAST_DOWN(vm_offset_t, map_addr);
        return result;
}

/*
 *      mach_vm_deallocate -
 *      deallocates the specified range of addresses in the
 *      specified address map.
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_deallocate(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        start,
        mach_vm_size_t  size)
{
        if ((map == VM_MAP_NULL) || (start + size < start)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (size == (mach_vm_offset_t) 0) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        return vm_map_remove(map,
                   vm_map_trunc_page(start,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   vm_map_round_page(start + size,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_FLAGS);
}

/*
 *      vm_deallocate -
 *      deallocates the specified range of addresses in the
 *      specified address map (limited to addresses the same
 *      size as the kernel).
 */
kern_return_t
vm_deallocate(
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_offset_t             start,
        vm_size_t               size)
{
        if ((map == VM_MAP_NULL) || (start + size < start)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (size == (vm_offset_t) 0) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        return vm_map_remove(map,
                   vm_map_trunc_page(start,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   vm_map_round_page(start + size,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   VM_MAP_REMOVE_NO_FLAGS);
}

/*
 *      mach_vm_inherit -
 *      Sets the inheritance of the specified range in the
 *      specified map.
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_inherit(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        start,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        vm_inherit_t            new_inheritance)
{
        if ((map == VM_MAP_NULL) || (start + size < start) ||
            (new_inheritance > VM_INHERIT_LAST_VALID)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (size == 0) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        return vm_map_inherit(map,
                   vm_map_trunc_page(start,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   vm_map_round_page(start + size,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   new_inheritance);
}

/*
 *      vm_inherit -
 *      Sets the inheritance of the specified range in the
 *      specified map (range limited to addresses
 */
kern_return_t
vm_inherit(
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_offset_t             start,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_inherit_t            new_inheritance)
{
        if ((map == VM_MAP_NULL) || (start + size < start) ||
            (new_inheritance > VM_INHERIT_LAST_VALID)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (size == 0) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        return vm_map_inherit(map,
                   vm_map_trunc_page(start,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   vm_map_round_page(start + size,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   new_inheritance);
}

/*
 *      mach_vm_protect -
 *      Sets the protection of the specified range in the
 *      specified map.
 */

kern_return_t
mach_vm_protect(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        start,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        boolean_t               set_maximum,
        vm_prot_t               new_protection)
{
        if ((map == VM_MAP_NULL) || (start + size < start) ||
            (new_protection & ~(VM_PROT_ALL | VM_PROT_COPY))) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (size == 0) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        return vm_map_protect(map,
                   vm_map_trunc_page(start,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   vm_map_round_page(start + size,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   new_protection,
                   set_maximum);
}

/*
 *      vm_protect -
 *      Sets the protection of the specified range in the
 *      specified map. Addressability of the range limited
 *      to the same size as the kernel.
 */

kern_return_t
vm_protect(
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_offset_t             start,
        vm_size_t               size,
        boolean_t               set_maximum,
        vm_prot_t               new_protection)
{
        if ((map == VM_MAP_NULL) || (start + size < start) ||
            (new_protection & ~(VM_PROT_ALL | VM_PROT_COPY))) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (size == 0) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        return vm_map_protect(map,
                   vm_map_trunc_page(start,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   vm_map_round_page(start + size,
                   VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   new_protection,
                   set_maximum);
}

/*
 * mach_vm_machine_attributes -
 * Handle machine-specific attributes for a mapping, such
 * as cachability, migrability, etc.
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_machine_attribute(
        vm_map_t                        map,
        mach_vm_address_t               addr,
        mach_vm_size_t          size,
        vm_machine_attribute_t  attribute,
        vm_machine_attribute_val_t* value)              /* IN/OUT */
{
        if ((map == VM_MAP_NULL) || (addr + size < addr)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (size == 0) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        return vm_map_machine_attribute(
                map,
                vm_map_trunc_page(addr,
                VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                vm_map_round_page(addr + size,
                VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                attribute,
                value);
}

/*
 * vm_machine_attribute -
 * Handle machine-specific attributes for a mapping, such
 * as cachability, migrability, etc. Limited addressability
 * (same range limits as for the native kernel map).
 */
kern_return_t
vm_machine_attribute(
        vm_map_t        map,
        vm_address_t    addr,
        vm_size_t       size,
        vm_machine_attribute_t  attribute,
        vm_machine_attribute_val_t* value)              /* IN/OUT */
{
        if ((map == VM_MAP_NULL) || (addr + size < addr)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (size == 0) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        return vm_map_machine_attribute(
                map,
                vm_map_trunc_page(addr,
                VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                vm_map_round_page(addr + size,
                VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                attribute,
                value);
}

/*
 * mach_vm_read -
 * Read/copy a range from one address space and return it to the caller.
 *
 * It is assumed that the address for the returned memory is selected by
 * the IPC implementation as part of receiving the reply to this call.
 * If IPC isn't used, the caller must deal with the vm_map_copy_t object
 * that gets returned.
 *
 * JMM - because of mach_msg_type_number_t, this call is limited to a
 * single 4GB region at this time.
 *
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_read(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_address_t       addr,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        pointer_t               *data,
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *data_size)
{
        kern_return_t   error;
        vm_map_copy_t   ipc_address;

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if ((mach_msg_type_number_t) size != size) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        error = vm_map_copyin(map,
            (vm_map_address_t)addr,
            (vm_map_size_t)size,
            FALSE,              /* src_destroy */
            &ipc_address);

        if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
                *data = (pointer_t) ipc_address;
                *data_size = (mach_msg_type_number_t) size;
                assert(*data_size == size);
        }
        return error;
}

/*
 * vm_read -
 * Read/copy a range from one address space and return it to the caller.
 * Limited addressability (same range limits as for the native kernel map).
 *
 * It is assumed that the address for the returned memory is selected by
 * the IPC implementation as part of receiving the reply to this call.
 * If IPC isn't used, the caller must deal with the vm_map_copy_t object
 * that gets returned.
 */
kern_return_t
vm_read(
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_address_t            addr,
        vm_size_t               size,
        pointer_t               *data,
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *data_size)
{
        kern_return_t   error;
        vm_map_copy_t   ipc_address;

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        mach_msg_type_number_t dsize;
        if (os_convert_overflow(size, &dsize)) {
                /*
                 * The kernel could handle a 64-bit "size" value, but
                 * it could not return the size of the data in "*data_size"
                 * without overflowing.
                 * Let's reject this "size" as invalid.
                 */
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        error = vm_map_copyin(map,
            (vm_map_address_t)addr,
            (vm_map_size_t)size,
            FALSE,              /* src_destroy */
            &ipc_address);

        if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
                *data = (pointer_t) ipc_address;
                *data_size = dsize;
                assert(*data_size == size);
        }
        return error;
}

/*
 * mach_vm_read_list -
 * Read/copy a list of address ranges from specified map.
 *
 * MIG does not know how to deal with a returned array of
 * vm_map_copy_t structures, so we have to do the copyout
 * manually here.
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_read_list(
        vm_map_t                        map,
        mach_vm_read_entry_t            data_list,
        natural_t                       count)
{
        mach_msg_type_number_t  i;
        kern_return_t   error;
        vm_map_copy_t   copy;

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL ||
            count > VM_MAP_ENTRY_MAX) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        error = KERN_SUCCESS;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                vm_map_address_t map_addr;
                vm_map_size_t map_size;

                map_addr = (vm_map_address_t)(data_list[i].address);
                map_size = (vm_map_size_t)(data_list[i].size);

                if (map_size != 0) {
                        error = vm_map_copyin(map,
                            map_addr,
                            map_size,
                            FALSE,              /* src_destroy */
                            &copy);
                        if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
                                error = vm_map_copyout(
                                        current_task()->map,
                                        &map_addr,
                                        copy);
                                if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
                                        data_list[i].address = map_addr;
                                        continue;
                                }
                                vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
                        }
                }
                data_list[i].address = (mach_vm_address_t)0;
                data_list[i].size = (mach_vm_size_t)0;
        }
        return error;
}

/*
 * vm_read_list -
 * Read/copy a list of address ranges from specified map.
 *
 * MIG does not know how to deal with a returned array of
 * vm_map_copy_t structures, so we have to do the copyout
 * manually here.
 *
 * The source and destination ranges are limited to those
 * that can be described with a vm_address_t (i.e. same
 * size map as the kernel).
 *
 * JMM - If the result of the copyout is an address range
 * that cannot be described with a vm_address_t (i.e. the
 * caller had a larger address space but used this call
 * anyway), it will result in a truncated address being
 * returned (and a likely confused caller).
 */

kern_return_t
vm_read_list(
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_read_entry_t data_list,
        natural_t               count)
{
        mach_msg_type_number_t  i;
        kern_return_t   error;
        vm_map_copy_t   copy;

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL ||
            count > VM_MAP_ENTRY_MAX) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        error = KERN_SUCCESS;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                vm_map_address_t map_addr;
                vm_map_size_t map_size;

                map_addr = (vm_map_address_t)(data_list[i].address);
                map_size = (vm_map_size_t)(data_list[i].size);

                if (map_size != 0) {
                        error = vm_map_copyin(map,
                            map_addr,
                            map_size,
                            FALSE,              /* src_destroy */
                            &copy);
                        if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
                                error = vm_map_copyout(current_task()->map,
                                    &map_addr,
                                    copy);
                                if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
                                        data_list[i].address =
                                            CAST_DOWN(vm_offset_t, map_addr);
                                        continue;
                                }
                                vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
                        }
                }
                data_list[i].address = (mach_vm_address_t)0;
                data_list[i].size = (mach_vm_size_t)0;
        }
        return error;
}

/*
 * mach_vm_read_overwrite -
 * Overwrite a range of the current map with data from the specified
 * map/address range.
 *
 * In making an assumption that the current thread is local, it is
 * no longer cluster-safe without a fully supportive local proxy
 * thread/task (but we don't support cluster's anymore so this is moot).
 */

kern_return_t
mach_vm_read_overwrite(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_address_t       address,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        mach_vm_address_t       data,
        mach_vm_size_t  *data_size)
{
        kern_return_t   error;
        vm_map_copy_t   copy;

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        error = vm_map_copyin(map, (vm_map_address_t)address,
            (vm_map_size_t)size, FALSE, &copy);

        if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
                if (copy) {
                        assertf(copy->size == (vm_map_size_t) size, "Req size: 0x%llx, Copy size: 0x%llx\n", (uint64_t) size, (uint64_t) copy->size);
                }

                error = vm_map_copy_overwrite(current_thread()->map,
                    (vm_map_address_t)data,
                    copy, (vm_map_size_t) size, FALSE);
                if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
                        *data_size = size;
                        return error;
                }
                vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
        }
        return error;
}

/*
 * vm_read_overwrite -
 * Overwrite a range of the current map with data from the specified
 * map/address range.
 *
 * This routine adds the additional limitation that the source and
 * destination ranges must be describable with vm_address_t values
 * (i.e. the same size address spaces as the kernel, or at least the
 * the ranges are in that first portion of the respective address
 * spaces).
 */

kern_return_t
vm_read_overwrite(
        vm_map_t        map,
        vm_address_t    address,
        vm_size_t       size,
        vm_address_t    data,
        vm_size_t       *data_size)
{
        kern_return_t   error;
        vm_map_copy_t   copy;

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        error = vm_map_copyin(map, (vm_map_address_t)address,
            (vm_map_size_t)size, FALSE, &copy);

        if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
                if (copy) {
                        assertf(copy->size == (vm_map_size_t) size, "Req size: 0x%llx, Copy size: 0x%llx\n", (uint64_t) size, (uint64_t) copy->size);
                }

                error = vm_map_copy_overwrite(current_thread()->map,
                    (vm_map_address_t)data,
                    copy, (vm_map_size_t) size, FALSE);
                if (KERN_SUCCESS == error) {
                        *data_size = size;
                        return error;
                }
                vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
        }
        return error;
}


/*
 * mach_vm_write -
 * Overwrite the specified address range with the data provided
 * (from the current map).
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_write(
        vm_map_t                        map,
        mach_vm_address_t               address,
        pointer_t                       data,
        mach_msg_type_number_t          size)
{
        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        return vm_map_copy_overwrite(map, (vm_map_address_t)address,
                   (vm_map_copy_t) data, size, FALSE /* interruptible XXX */);
}

/*
 * vm_write -
 * Overwrite the specified address range with the data provided
 * (from the current map).
 *
 * The addressability of the range of addresses to overwrite is
 * limited bu the use of a vm_address_t (same size as kernel map).
 * Either the target map is also small, or the range is in the
 * low addresses within it.
 */
kern_return_t
vm_write(
        vm_map_t                        map,
        vm_address_t                    address,
        pointer_t                       data,
        mach_msg_type_number_t          size)
{
        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        return vm_map_copy_overwrite(map, (vm_map_address_t)address,
                   (vm_map_copy_t) data, size, FALSE /* interruptible XXX */);
}

/*
 * mach_vm_copy -
 * Overwrite one range of the specified map with the contents of
 * another range within that same map (i.e. both address ranges
 * are "over there").
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_copy(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_address_t       source_address,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        mach_vm_address_t       dest_address)
{
        vm_map_copy_t copy;
        kern_return_t kr;

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        kr = vm_map_copyin(map, (vm_map_address_t)source_address,
            (vm_map_size_t)size, FALSE, &copy);

        if (KERN_SUCCESS == kr) {
                if (copy) {
                        assertf(copy->size == (vm_map_size_t) size, "Req size: 0x%llx, Copy size: 0x%llx\n", (uint64_t) size, (uint64_t) copy->size);
                }

                kr = vm_map_copy_overwrite(map,
                    (vm_map_address_t)dest_address,
                    copy, (vm_map_size_t) size, FALSE /* interruptible XXX */);

                if (KERN_SUCCESS != kr) {
                        vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
                }
        }
        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
vm_copy(
        vm_map_t        map,
        vm_address_t    source_address,
        vm_size_t       size,
        vm_address_t    dest_address)
{
        vm_map_copy_t copy;
        kern_return_t kr;

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        kr = vm_map_copyin(map, (vm_map_address_t)source_address,
            (vm_map_size_t)size, FALSE, &copy);

        if (KERN_SUCCESS == kr) {
                if (copy) {
                        assertf(copy->size == (vm_map_size_t) size, "Req size: 0x%llx, Copy size: 0x%llx\n", (uint64_t) size, (uint64_t) copy->size);
                }

                kr = vm_map_copy_overwrite(map,
                    (vm_map_address_t)dest_address,
                    copy, (vm_map_size_t) size, FALSE /* interruptible XXX */);

                if (KERN_SUCCESS != kr) {
                        vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
                }
        }
        return kr;
}

/*
 * mach_vm_map -
 * Map some range of an object into an address space.
 *
 * The object can be one of several types of objects:
 *      NULL - anonymous memory
 *      a named entry - a range within another address space
 *                      or a range within a memory object
 *      a whole memory object
 *
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_map_external(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *address,
        mach_vm_size_t          initial_size,
        mach_vm_offset_t        mask,
        int                     flags,
        ipc_port_t              port,
        vm_object_offset_t      offset,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        vm_tag_t tag;

        VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, tag);
        return mach_vm_map_kernel(target_map, address, initial_size, mask,
                   flags, VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE, tag,
                   port, offset, copy,
                   cur_protection, max_protection,
                   inheritance);
}

kern_return_t
mach_vm_map_kernel(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *address,
        mach_vm_size_t  initial_size,
        mach_vm_offset_t        mask,
        int                     flags,
        vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
        vm_tag_t                tag,
        ipc_port_t              port,
        vm_object_offset_t      offset,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        kern_return_t           kr;
        vm_map_offset_t         vmmaddr;

        vmmaddr = (vm_map_offset_t) *address;

        /* filter out any kernel-only flags */
        if (flags & ~VM_FLAGS_USER_MAP) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        kr = vm_map_enter_mem_object(target_map,
            &vmmaddr,
            initial_size,
            mask,
            flags,
            vmk_flags,
            tag,
            port,
            offset,
            copy,
            cur_protection,
            max_protection,
            inheritance);

#if KASAN
        if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS && target_map->pmap == kernel_pmap) {
                kasan_notify_address(vmmaddr, initial_size);
        }
#endif

        *address = vmmaddr;
        return kr;
}


/* legacy interface */
kern_return_t
vm_map_64_external(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        vm_offset_t             *address,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_offset_t             mask,
        int                     flags,
        ipc_port_t              port,
        vm_object_offset_t      offset,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        vm_tag_t tag;

        VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, tag);
        return vm_map_64_kernel(target_map, address, size, mask,
                   flags, VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE,
                   tag, port, offset, copy,
                   cur_protection, max_protection,
                   inheritance);
}

kern_return_t
vm_map_64_kernel(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        vm_offset_t             *address,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_offset_t             mask,
        int                     flags,
        vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
        vm_tag_t                tag,
        ipc_port_t              port,
        vm_object_offset_t      offset,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        mach_vm_address_t map_addr;
        mach_vm_size_t map_size;
        mach_vm_offset_t map_mask;
        kern_return_t kr;

        map_addr = (mach_vm_address_t)*address;
        map_size = (mach_vm_size_t)size;
        map_mask = (mach_vm_offset_t)mask;

        kr = mach_vm_map_kernel(target_map, &map_addr, map_size, map_mask,
            flags, vmk_flags, tag,
            port, offset, copy,
            cur_protection, max_protection, inheritance);
        *address = CAST_DOWN(vm_offset_t, map_addr);
        return kr;
}

/* temporary, until world build */
kern_return_t
vm_map_external(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        vm_offset_t             *address,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_offset_t             mask,
        int                     flags,
        ipc_port_t              port,
        vm_offset_t             offset,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        vm_tag_t tag;

        VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, tag);
        return vm_map_kernel(target_map, address, size, mask,
                   flags, VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE, tag,
                   port, offset, copy,
                   cur_protection, max_protection, inheritance);
}

kern_return_t
vm_map_kernel(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        vm_offset_t             *address,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_offset_t             mask,
        int                     flags,
        vm_map_kernel_flags_t   vmk_flags,
        vm_tag_t                tag,
        ipc_port_t              port,
        vm_offset_t             offset,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        mach_vm_address_t map_addr;
        mach_vm_size_t map_size;
        mach_vm_offset_t map_mask;
        vm_object_offset_t obj_offset;
        kern_return_t kr;

        map_addr = (mach_vm_address_t)*address;
        map_size = (mach_vm_size_t)size;
        map_mask = (mach_vm_offset_t)mask;
        obj_offset = (vm_object_offset_t)offset;

        kr = mach_vm_map_kernel(target_map, &map_addr, map_size, map_mask,
            flags, vmk_flags, tag,
            port, obj_offset, copy,
            cur_protection, max_protection, inheritance);
        *address = CAST_DOWN(vm_offset_t, map_addr);
        return kr;
}

/*
 * mach_vm_remap -
 * Remap a range of memory from one task into another,
 * to another address range within the same task, or
 * over top of itself (with altered permissions and/or
 * as an in-place copy of itself).
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_remap_external(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *address,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        mach_vm_offset_t        mask,
        int                     flags,
        vm_map_t                src_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        memory_address,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               *max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        vm_tag_t tag;
        VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, tag);

        return mach_vm_remap_kernel(target_map, address, size, mask, flags, tag, src_map, memory_address,
                   copy, cur_protection, max_protection, inheritance);
}

kern_return_t
mach_vm_remap_kernel(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *address,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        mach_vm_offset_t        mask,
        int                     flags,
        vm_tag_t                tag,
        vm_map_t                src_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        memory_address,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               *max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        vm_map_offset_t         map_addr;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == target_map || VM_MAP_NULL == src_map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        /* filter out any kernel-only flags */
        if (flags & ~VM_FLAGS_USER_REMAP) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        map_addr = (vm_map_offset_t)*address;

        kr = vm_map_remap(target_map,
            &map_addr,
            size,
            mask,
            flags,
            VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE,
            tag,
            src_map,
            memory_address,
            copy,
            cur_protection,
            max_protection,
            inheritance);
        *address = map_addr;
        return kr;
}

/*
 * vm_remap -
 * Remap a range of memory from one task into another,
 * to another address range within the same task, or
 * over top of itself (with altered permissions and/or
 * as an in-place copy of itself).
 *
 * The addressability of the source and target address
 * range is limited by the size of vm_address_t (in the
 * kernel context).
 */
kern_return_t
vm_remap_external(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        vm_offset_t             *address,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_offset_t             mask,
        int                     flags,
        vm_map_t                src_map,
        vm_offset_t             memory_address,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               *max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        vm_tag_t tag;
        VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, tag);

        return vm_remap_kernel(target_map, address, size, mask, flags, tag, src_map,
                   memory_address, copy, cur_protection, max_protection, inheritance);
}

kern_return_t
vm_remap_kernel(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        vm_offset_t             *address,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_offset_t             mask,
        int                     flags,
        vm_tag_t                tag,
        vm_map_t                src_map,
        vm_offset_t             memory_address,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               *max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        vm_map_offset_t         map_addr;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == target_map || VM_MAP_NULL == src_map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        /* filter out any kernel-only flags */
        if (flags & ~VM_FLAGS_USER_REMAP) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        map_addr = (vm_map_offset_t)*address;

        kr = vm_map_remap(target_map,
            &map_addr,
            size,
            mask,
            flags,
            VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE,
            tag,
            src_map,
            memory_address,
            copy,
            cur_protection,
            max_protection,
            inheritance);
        *address = CAST_DOWN(vm_offset_t, map_addr);
        return kr;
}

/*
 * NOTE: these routine (and this file) will no longer require mach_host_server.h
 * when mach_vm_wire and vm_wire are changed to use ledgers.
 */
#include <mach/mach_host_server.h>
/*
 *      mach_vm_wire
 *      Specify that the range of the virtual address space
 *      of the target task must not cause page faults for
 *      the indicated accesses.
 *
 *      [ To unwire the pages, specify VM_PROT_NONE. ]
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_wire_external(
        host_priv_t             host_priv,
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        start,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        vm_prot_t               access)
{
        return mach_vm_wire_kernel(host_priv, map, start, size, access, VM_KERN_MEMORY_MLOCK);
}

kern_return_t
mach_vm_wire_kernel(
        host_priv_t             host_priv,
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        start,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        vm_prot_t               access,
        vm_tag_t                tag)
{
        kern_return_t           rc;

        if (host_priv == HOST_PRIV_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_HOST;
        }

        assert(host_priv == &realhost);

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_TASK;
        }

        if (access & ~VM_PROT_ALL || (start + size < start)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (access != VM_PROT_NONE) {
                rc = vm_map_wire_kernel(map,
                    vm_map_trunc_page(start,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                    vm_map_round_page(start + size,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                    access, tag,
                    TRUE);
        } else {
                rc = vm_map_unwire(map,
                    vm_map_trunc_page(start,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                    vm_map_round_page(start + size,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                    TRUE);
        }
        return rc;
}

/*
 *      vm_wire -
 *      Specify that the range of the virtual address space
 *      of the target task must not cause page faults for
 *      the indicated accesses.
 *
 *      [ To unwire the pages, specify VM_PROT_NONE. ]
 */
kern_return_t
vm_wire(
        host_priv_t             host_priv,
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_offset_t             start,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_prot_t               access)
{
        kern_return_t           rc;

        if (host_priv == HOST_PRIV_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_HOST;
        }

        assert(host_priv == &realhost);

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_TASK;
        }

        if ((access & ~VM_PROT_ALL) || (start + size < start)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (size == 0) {
                rc = KERN_SUCCESS;
        } else if (access != VM_PROT_NONE) {
                rc = vm_map_wire_kernel(map,
                    vm_map_trunc_page(start,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                    vm_map_round_page(start + size,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                    access, VM_KERN_MEMORY_OSFMK,
                    TRUE);
        } else {
                rc = vm_map_unwire(map,
                    vm_map_trunc_page(start,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                    vm_map_round_page(start + size,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                    TRUE);
        }
        return rc;
}

/*
 *      vm_msync
 *
 *      Synchronises the memory range specified with its backing store
 *      image by either flushing or cleaning the contents to the appropriate
 *      memory manager.
 *
 *      interpretation of sync_flags
 *      VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE      - discard pages, only return precious
 *                                pages to manager.
 *
 *      VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE & (VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS | VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS)
 *                              - discard pages, write dirty or precious
 *                                pages back to memory manager.
 *
 *      VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS | VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS
 *                              - write dirty or precious pages back to
 *                                the memory manager.
 *
 *      VM_SYNC_CONTIGUOUS      - does everything normally, but if there
 *                                is a hole in the region, and we would
 *                                have returned KERN_SUCCESS, return
 *                                KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS instead.
 *
 *      RETURNS
 *      KERN_INVALID_TASK               Bad task parameter
 *      KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT           both sync and async were specified.
 *      KERN_SUCCESS                    The usual.
 *      KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS            There was a hole in the region.
 */

kern_return_t
mach_vm_msync(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_address_t       address,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        vm_sync_t               sync_flags)
{
        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_TASK;
        }

        return vm_map_msync(map, (vm_map_address_t)address,
                   (vm_map_size_t)size, sync_flags);
}

/*
 *      vm_msync
 *
 *      Synchronises the memory range specified with its backing store
 *      image by either flushing or cleaning the contents to the appropriate
 *      memory manager.
 *
 *      interpretation of sync_flags
 *      VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE      - discard pages, only return precious
 *                                pages to manager.
 *
 *      VM_SYNC_INVALIDATE & (VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS | VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS)
 *                              - discard pages, write dirty or precious
 *                                pages back to memory manager.
 *
 *      VM_SYNC_SYNCHRONOUS | VM_SYNC_ASYNCHRONOUS
 *                              - write dirty or precious pages back to
 *                                the memory manager.
 *
 *      VM_SYNC_CONTIGUOUS      - does everything normally, but if there
 *                                is a hole in the region, and we would
 *                                have returned KERN_SUCCESS, return
 *                                KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS instead.
 *
 *      The addressability of the range is limited to that which can
 *      be described by a vm_address_t.
 *
 *      RETURNS
 *      KERN_INVALID_TASK               Bad task parameter
 *      KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT           both sync and async were specified.
 *      KERN_SUCCESS                    The usual.
 *      KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS            There was a hole in the region.
 */

kern_return_t
vm_msync(
        vm_map_t        map,
        vm_address_t    address,
        vm_size_t       size,
        vm_sync_t       sync_flags)
{
        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_TASK;
        }

        return vm_map_msync(map, (vm_map_address_t)address,
                   (vm_map_size_t)size, sync_flags);
}


int
vm_toggle_entry_reuse(int toggle, int *old_value)
{
        vm_map_t map = current_map();

        assert(!map->is_nested_map);
        if (toggle == VM_TOGGLE_GETVALUE && old_value != NULL) {
                *old_value = map->disable_vmentry_reuse;
        } else if (toggle == VM_TOGGLE_SET) {
                vm_map_entry_t map_to_entry;

                vm_map_lock(map);
                vm_map_disable_hole_optimization(map);
                map->disable_vmentry_reuse = TRUE;
                __IGNORE_WCASTALIGN(map_to_entry = vm_map_to_entry(map));
                if (map->first_free == map_to_entry) {
                        map->highest_entry_end = vm_map_min(map);
                } else {
                        map->highest_entry_end = map->first_free->vme_end;
                }
                vm_map_unlock(map);
        } else if (toggle == VM_TOGGLE_CLEAR) {
                vm_map_lock(map);
                map->disable_vmentry_reuse = FALSE;
                vm_map_unlock(map);
        } else {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        return KERN_SUCCESS;
}

/*
 *      mach_vm_behavior_set
 *
 *      Sets the paging behavior attribute for the  specified range
 *      in the specified map.
 *
 *      This routine will fail with KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS if any address
 *      in [start,start+size) is not a valid allocated memory region.
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_behavior_set(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        start,
        mach_vm_size_t          size,
        vm_behavior_t           new_behavior)
{
        vm_map_offset_t align_mask;

        if ((map == VM_MAP_NULL) || (start + size < start)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (size == 0) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        switch (new_behavior) {
        case VM_BEHAVIOR_REUSABLE:
        case VM_BEHAVIOR_REUSE:
        case VM_BEHAVIOR_CAN_REUSE:
                /*
                 * Align to the hardware page size, to allow
                 * malloc() to maximize the amount of re-usability,
                 * even on systems with larger software page size.
                 */
                align_mask = PAGE_MASK;
                break;
        default:
                align_mask = VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map);
                break;
        }

        return vm_map_behavior_set(map,
                   vm_map_trunc_page(start, align_mask),
                   vm_map_round_page(start + size, align_mask),
                   new_behavior);
}

/*
 *      vm_behavior_set
 *
 *      Sets the paging behavior attribute for the  specified range
 *      in the specified map.
 *
 *      This routine will fail with KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS if any address
 *      in [start,start+size) is not a valid allocated memory region.
 *
 *      This routine is potentially limited in addressibility by the
 *      use of vm_offset_t (if the map provided is larger than the
 *      kernel's).
 */
kern_return_t
vm_behavior_set(
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_offset_t             start,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_behavior_t           new_behavior)
{
        if (start + size < start) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        return mach_vm_behavior_set(map,
                   (mach_vm_offset_t) start,
                   (mach_vm_size_t) size,
                   new_behavior);
}

/*
 *      mach_vm_region:
 *
 *      User call to obtain information about a region in
 *      a task's address map. Currently, only one flavor is
 *      supported.
 *
 *      XXX The reserved and behavior fields cannot be filled
 *          in until the vm merge from the IK is completed, and
 *          vm_reserve is implemented.
 *
 *      XXX Dependency: syscall_vm_region() also supports only one flavor.
 */

kern_return_t
mach_vm_region(
        vm_map_t                 map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *address,               /* IN/OUT */
        mach_vm_size_t          *size,                  /* OUT */
        vm_region_flavor_t       flavor,                /* IN */
        vm_region_info_t         info,                  /* OUT */
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *count,                 /* IN/OUT */
        mach_port_t             *object_name)           /* OUT */
{
        vm_map_offset_t         map_addr;
        vm_map_size_t           map_size;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        map_addr = (vm_map_offset_t)*address;
        map_size = (vm_map_size_t)*size;

        /* legacy conversion */
        if (VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO == flavor) {
                flavor = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_64;
        }

        kr = vm_map_region(map,
            &map_addr, &map_size,
            flavor, info, count,
            object_name);

        *address = map_addr;
        *size = map_size;
        return kr;
}

/*
 *      vm_region_64 and vm_region:
 *
 *      User call to obtain information about a region in
 *      a task's address map. Currently, only one flavor is
 *      supported.
 *
 *      XXX The reserved and behavior fields cannot be filled
 *          in until the vm merge from the IK is completed, and
 *          vm_reserve is implemented.
 *
 *      XXX Dependency: syscall_vm_region() also supports only one flavor.
 */

kern_return_t
vm_region_64(
        vm_map_t                 map,
        vm_offset_t             *address,               /* IN/OUT */
        vm_size_t               *size,                  /* OUT */
        vm_region_flavor_t       flavor,                /* IN */
        vm_region_info_t         info,                  /* OUT */
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *count,                 /* IN/OUT */
        mach_port_t             *object_name)           /* OUT */
{
        vm_map_offset_t         map_addr;
        vm_map_size_t           map_size;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        map_addr = (vm_map_offset_t)*address;
        map_size = (vm_map_size_t)*size;

        /* legacy conversion */
        if (VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO == flavor) {
                flavor = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_64;
        }

        kr = vm_map_region(map,
            &map_addr, &map_size,
            flavor, info, count,
            object_name);

        *address = CAST_DOWN(vm_offset_t, map_addr);
        *size = CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t, map_size);

        if (KERN_SUCCESS == kr && map_addr + map_size > VM_MAX_ADDRESS) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        }
        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
vm_region(
        vm_map_t                        map,
        vm_address_t                    *address,       /* IN/OUT */
        vm_size_t                       *size,          /* OUT */
        vm_region_flavor_t              flavor, /* IN */
        vm_region_info_t                info,           /* OUT */
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *count, /* IN/OUT */
        mach_port_t                     *object_name)   /* OUT */
{
        vm_map_address_t        map_addr;
        vm_map_size_t           map_size;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        map_addr = (vm_map_address_t)*address;
        map_size = (vm_map_size_t)*size;

        kr = vm_map_region(map,
            &map_addr, &map_size,
            flavor, info, count,
            object_name);

        *address = CAST_DOWN(vm_address_t, map_addr);
        *size = CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t, map_size);

        if (KERN_SUCCESS == kr && map_addr + map_size > VM_MAX_ADDRESS) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        }
        return kr;
}

/*
 *      vm_region_recurse: A form of vm_region which follows the
 *      submaps in a target map
 *
 */
kern_return_t
mach_vm_region_recurse(
        vm_map_t                        map,
        mach_vm_address_t               *address,
        mach_vm_size_t          *size,
        uint32_t                        *depth,
        vm_region_recurse_info_t        info,
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *infoCnt)
{
        vm_map_address_t        map_addr;
        vm_map_size_t           map_size;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        map_addr = (vm_map_address_t)*address;
        map_size = (vm_map_size_t)*size;

        kr = vm_map_region_recurse_64(
                map,
                &map_addr,
                &map_size,
                depth,
                (vm_region_submap_info_64_t)info,
                infoCnt);

        *address = map_addr;
        *size = map_size;
        return kr;
}

/*
 *      vm_region_recurse: A form of vm_region which follows the
 *      submaps in a target map
 *
 */
kern_return_t
vm_region_recurse_64(
        vm_map_t                        map,
        vm_address_t                    *address,
        vm_size_t                       *size,
        uint32_t                        *depth,
        vm_region_recurse_info_64_t     info,
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *infoCnt)
{
        vm_map_address_t        map_addr;
        vm_map_size_t           map_size;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        map_addr = (vm_map_address_t)*address;
        map_size = (vm_map_size_t)*size;

        kr = vm_map_region_recurse_64(
                map,
                &map_addr,
                &map_size,
                depth,
                (vm_region_submap_info_64_t)info,
                infoCnt);

        *address = CAST_DOWN(vm_address_t, map_addr);
        *size = CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t, map_size);

        if (KERN_SUCCESS == kr && map_addr + map_size > VM_MAX_ADDRESS) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        }
        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
vm_region_recurse(
        vm_map_t                        map,
        vm_offset_t             *address,       /* IN/OUT */
        vm_size_t                       *size,          /* OUT */
        natural_t                       *depth, /* IN/OUT */
        vm_region_recurse_info_t        info32, /* IN/OUT */
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *infoCnt)       /* IN/OUT */
{
        vm_region_submap_info_data_64_t info64;
        vm_region_submap_info_t info;
        vm_map_address_t        map_addr;
        vm_map_size_t           map_size;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map || *infoCnt < VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_COUNT) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }


        map_addr = (vm_map_address_t)*address;
        map_size = (vm_map_size_t)*size;
        info = (vm_region_submap_info_t)info32;
        *infoCnt = VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_COUNT_64;

        kr = vm_map_region_recurse_64(map, &map_addr, &map_size,
            depth, &info64, infoCnt);

        info->protection = info64.protection;
        info->max_protection = info64.max_protection;
        info->inheritance = info64.inheritance;
        info->offset = (uint32_t)info64.offset; /* trouble-maker */
        info->user_tag = info64.user_tag;
        info->pages_resident = info64.pages_resident;
        info->pages_shared_now_private = info64.pages_shared_now_private;
        info->pages_swapped_out = info64.pages_swapped_out;
        info->pages_dirtied = info64.pages_dirtied;
        info->ref_count = info64.ref_count;
        info->shadow_depth = info64.shadow_depth;
        info->external_pager = info64.external_pager;
        info->share_mode = info64.share_mode;
        info->is_submap = info64.is_submap;
        info->behavior = info64.behavior;
        info->object_id = info64.object_id;
        info->user_wired_count = info64.user_wired_count;

        *address = CAST_DOWN(vm_address_t, map_addr);
        *size = CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t, map_size);
        *infoCnt = VM_REGION_SUBMAP_INFO_COUNT;

        if (KERN_SUCCESS == kr && map_addr + map_size > VM_MAX_ADDRESS) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        }
        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
mach_vm_purgable_control(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        address,
        vm_purgable_t           control,
        int                     *state)
{
        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (control == VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE_FROM_KERNEL) {
                /* not allowed from user-space */
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        return vm_map_purgable_control(map,
                   vm_map_trunc_page(address, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   control,
                   state);
}

kern_return_t
vm_purgable_control(
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_offset_t             address,
        vm_purgable_t           control,
        int                     *state)
{
        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (control == VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE_FROM_KERNEL) {
                /* not allowed from user-space */
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        return vm_map_purgable_control(map,
                   vm_map_trunc_page(address, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)),
                   control,
                   state);
}


/*
 *      Ordinarily, the right to allocate CPM is restricted
 *      to privileged applications (those that can gain access
 *      to the host priv port).  Set this variable to zero if
 *      you want to let any application allocate CPM.
 */
unsigned int    vm_allocate_cpm_privileged = 0;

/*
 *      Allocate memory in the specified map, with the caveat that
 *      the memory is physically contiguous.  This call may fail
 *      if the system can't find sufficient contiguous memory.
 *      This call may cause or lead to heart-stopping amounts of
 *      paging activity.
 *
 *      Memory obtained from this call should be freed in the
 *      normal way, viz., via vm_deallocate.
 */
kern_return_t
vm_allocate_cpm(
        host_priv_t             host_priv,
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_address_t            *addr,
        vm_size_t               size,
        int                     flags)
{
        vm_map_address_t        map_addr;
        vm_map_size_t           map_size;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (vm_allocate_cpm_privileged && HOST_PRIV_NULL == host_priv) {
                return KERN_INVALID_HOST;
        }

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        map_addr = (vm_map_address_t)*addr;
        map_size = (vm_map_size_t)size;

        kr = vm_map_enter_cpm(map,
            &map_addr,
            map_size,
            flags);

        *addr = CAST_DOWN(vm_address_t, map_addr);
        return kr;
}


kern_return_t
mach_vm_page_query(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        offset,
        int                     *disposition,
        int                     *ref_count)
{
        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        return vm_map_page_query_internal(
                map,
                vm_map_trunc_page(offset, PAGE_MASK),
                disposition, ref_count);
}

kern_return_t
vm_map_page_query(
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_offset_t             offset,
        int                     *disposition,
        int                     *ref_count)
{
        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        return vm_map_page_query_internal(
                map,
                vm_map_trunc_page(offset, PAGE_MASK),
                disposition, ref_count);
}

kern_return_t
mach_vm_page_range_query(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        address,
        mach_vm_size_t          size,
        mach_vm_address_t       dispositions_addr,
        mach_vm_size_t          *dispositions_count)
{
        kern_return_t           kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
        int                     num_pages = 0, i = 0;
        mach_vm_size_t          curr_sz = 0, copy_sz = 0;
        mach_vm_size_t          disp_buf_req_size = 0, disp_buf_total_size = 0;
        mach_msg_type_number_t  count = 0;

        void                    *info = NULL;
        void                    *local_disp = NULL;;
        vm_map_size_t           info_size = 0, local_disp_size = 0;
        mach_vm_offset_t        start = 0, end = 0;
        int                     effective_page_shift, effective_page_size, effective_page_mask;

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL || dispositions_count == NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        effective_page_shift = vm_self_region_page_shift_safely(map);
        if (effective_page_shift == -1) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
        effective_page_size = (1 << effective_page_shift);
        effective_page_mask = effective_page_size - 1;

        disp_buf_req_size = (*dispositions_count * sizeof(int));
        start = vm_map_trunc_page(address, effective_page_mask);
        end = vm_map_round_page(address + size, effective_page_mask);

        if (end < start) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if ((end - start) < size) {
                /*
                 * Aligned size is less than unaligned size.
                 */
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (disp_buf_req_size == 0 || (end == start)) {
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        /*
         * For large requests, we will go through them
         * MAX_PAGE_RANGE_QUERY chunk at a time.
         */

        curr_sz = MIN(end - start, MAX_PAGE_RANGE_QUERY);
        num_pages = (int) (curr_sz >> effective_page_shift);

        info_size = num_pages * sizeof(vm_page_info_basic_data_t);
        info = kheap_alloc(KHEAP_TEMP, info_size, Z_WAITOK);

        local_disp_size = num_pages * sizeof(int);
        local_disp = kheap_alloc(KHEAP_TEMP, local_disp_size, Z_WAITOK);

        if (info == NULL || local_disp == NULL) {
                kr = KERN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE;
                goto out;
        }

        while (size) {
                count = VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC_COUNT;
                kr = vm_map_page_range_info_internal(
                        map,
                        start,
                        vm_map_round_page(start + curr_sz, effective_page_mask),
                        effective_page_shift,
                        VM_PAGE_INFO_BASIC,
                        (vm_page_info_t) info,
                        &count);

                assert(kr == KERN_SUCCESS);

                for (i = 0; i < num_pages; i++) {
                        ((int*)local_disp)[i] = ((vm_page_info_basic_t)info)[i].disposition;
                }

                copy_sz = MIN(disp_buf_req_size, num_pages * sizeof(int) /* an int per page */);
                kr = copyout(local_disp, (mach_vm_address_t)dispositions_addr, copy_sz);

                start += curr_sz;
                disp_buf_req_size -= copy_sz;
                disp_buf_total_size += copy_sz;

                if (kr != 0) {
                        break;
                }

                if ((disp_buf_req_size == 0) || (curr_sz >= size)) {
                        /*
                         * We might have inspected the full range OR
                         * more than it esp. if the user passed in
                         * non-page aligned start/size and/or if we
                         * descended into a submap. We are done here.
                         */

                        size = 0;
                } else {
                        dispositions_addr += copy_sz;

                        size -= curr_sz;

                        curr_sz = MIN(vm_map_round_page(size, effective_page_mask), MAX_PAGE_RANGE_QUERY);
                        num_pages = (int)(curr_sz >> effective_page_shift);
                }
        }

        *dispositions_count = disp_buf_total_size / sizeof(int);

out:
        if (local_disp) {
                kheap_free(KHEAP_TEMP, local_disp, local_disp_size);
        }
        if (info) {
                kheap_free(KHEAP_TEMP, info, info_size);
        }
        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
mach_vm_page_info(
        vm_map_t                map,
        mach_vm_address_t       address,
        vm_page_info_flavor_t   flavor,
        vm_page_info_t          info,
        mach_msg_type_number_t  *count)
{
        kern_return_t   kr;

        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        kr = vm_map_page_info(map, address, flavor, info, count);
        return kr;
}

/* map a (whole) upl into an address space */
kern_return_t
vm_upl_map(
        vm_map_t                map,
        upl_t                   upl,
        vm_address_t            *dst_addr)
{
        vm_map_offset_t         map_addr;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        kr = vm_map_enter_upl(map, upl, &map_addr);
        *dst_addr = CAST_DOWN(vm_address_t, map_addr);
        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
vm_upl_unmap(
        vm_map_t                map,
        upl_t                   upl)
{
        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        return vm_map_remove_upl(map, upl);
}

/* Retrieve a upl for an object underlying an address range in a map */

kern_return_t
vm_map_get_upl(
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_map_offset_t         map_offset,
        upl_size_t              *upl_size,
        upl_t                   *upl,
        upl_page_info_array_t   page_list,
        unsigned int            *count,
        upl_control_flags_t     *flags,
        vm_tag_t                tag,
        int                     force_data_sync)
{
        upl_control_flags_t map_flags;
        kern_return_t       kr;

        if (VM_MAP_NULL == map) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        map_flags = *flags & ~UPL_NOZEROFILL;
        if (force_data_sync) {
                map_flags |= UPL_FORCE_DATA_SYNC;
        }

        kr = vm_map_create_upl(map,
            map_offset,
            upl_size,
            upl,
            page_list,
            count,
            &map_flags,
            tag);

        *flags = (map_flags & ~UPL_FORCE_DATA_SYNC);
        return kr;
}

/*
 * mach_make_memory_entry_64
 *
 * Think of it as a two-stage vm_remap() operation.  First
 * you get a handle.  Second, you get map that handle in
 * somewhere else. Rather than doing it all at once (and
 * without needing access to the other whole map).
 */
kern_return_t
mach_make_memory_entry_64(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        memory_object_size_t    *size,
        memory_object_offset_t offset,
        vm_prot_t               permission,
        ipc_port_t              *object_handle,
        ipc_port_t              parent_handle)
{
        vm_named_entry_kernel_flags_t   vmne_kflags;

        if ((permission & MAP_MEM_FLAGS_MASK) & ~MAP_MEM_FLAGS_USER) {
                /*
                 * Unknown flag: reject for forward compatibility.
                 */
                return KERN_INVALID_VALUE;
        }

        vmne_kflags = VM_NAMED_ENTRY_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE;
        if (permission & MAP_MEM_LEDGER_TAGGED) {
                vmne_kflags.vmnekf_ledger_tag = VM_LEDGER_TAG_DEFAULT;
        }
        return mach_make_memory_entry_internal(target_map,
                   size,
                   offset,
                   permission,
                   vmne_kflags,
                   object_handle,
                   parent_handle);
}

kern_return_t
mach_make_memory_entry_internal(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        memory_object_size_t    *size,
        memory_object_offset_t  offset,
        vm_prot_t               permission,
        vm_named_entry_kernel_flags_t   vmne_kflags,
        ipc_port_t              *object_handle,
        ipc_port_t              parent_handle)
{
        vm_named_entry_t        parent_entry;
        vm_named_entry_t        user_entry;
        ipc_port_t              user_handle;
        kern_return_t           kr;
        vm_object_t             object;
        vm_map_size_t           map_size;
        vm_map_offset_t         map_start, map_end;

        /*
         * Stash the offset in the page for use by vm_map_enter_mem_object()
         * in the VM_FLAGS_RETURN_DATA_ADDR/MAP_MEM_USE_DATA_ADDR case.
         */
        vm_object_offset_t      offset_in_page;

        unsigned int            access;
        vm_prot_t               protections;
        vm_prot_t               original_protections, mask_protections;
        unsigned int            wimg_mode;
        boolean_t               use_data_addr;
        boolean_t               use_4K_compat;

        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission);

        user_entry = NULL;

        if ((permission & MAP_MEM_FLAGS_MASK) & ~MAP_MEM_FLAGS_ALL) {
                /*
                 * Unknown flag: reject for forward compatibility.
                 */
                DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_INVALID_VALUE);
                return KERN_INVALID_VALUE;
        }

        if (IP_VALID(parent_handle) &&
            ip_kotype(parent_handle) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
                parent_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(parent_handle);
        } else {
                parent_entry = NULL;
        }

        if (parent_entry && parent_entry->is_copy) {
                DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        original_protections = permission & VM_PROT_ALL;
        protections = original_protections;
        mask_protections = permission & VM_PROT_IS_MASK;
        access = GET_MAP_MEM(permission);
        use_data_addr = ((permission & MAP_MEM_USE_DATA_ADDR) != 0);
        use_4K_compat = ((permission & MAP_MEM_4K_DATA_ADDR) != 0);

        user_handle = IP_NULL;
        user_entry = NULL;

        map_start = vm_map_trunc_page(offset, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));

        if (permission & MAP_MEM_ONLY) {
                boolean_t               parent_is_object;

                map_end = vm_map_round_page(offset + *size, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
                map_size = map_end - map_start;

                if (use_data_addr || use_4K_compat || parent_entry == NULL) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
                        return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                }

                parent_is_object = parent_entry->is_object;
                if (!parent_is_object) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
                        return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                }
                object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(parent_entry);
                if (parent_is_object && object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                        wimg_mode = object->wimg_bits;
                } else {
                        wimg_mode = VM_WIMG_USE_DEFAULT;
                }
                if ((access != GET_MAP_MEM(parent_entry->protection)) &&
                    !(parent_entry->protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_INVALID_RIGHT);
                        return KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
                }
                vm_prot_to_wimg(access, &wimg_mode);
                if (access != MAP_MEM_NOOP) {
                        SET_MAP_MEM(access, parent_entry->protection);
                }
                if (parent_is_object && object &&
                    (access != MAP_MEM_NOOP) &&
                    (!(object->nophyscache))) {
                        if (object->wimg_bits != wimg_mode) {
                                vm_object_lock(object);
                                vm_object_change_wimg_mode(object, wimg_mode);
                                vm_object_unlock(object);
                        }
                }
                if (object_handle) {
                        *object_handle = IP_NULL;
                }
                DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_SUCCESS);
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        } else if (permission & MAP_MEM_NAMED_CREATE) {
                int     ledger_flags = 0;
                task_t  owner;

                map_end = vm_map_round_page(offset + *size, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
                map_size = map_end - map_start;

                if (use_data_addr || use_4K_compat) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
                        return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                }

                if (map_size == 0) {
                        *size = 0;
                        *object_handle = IPC_PORT_NULL;
                        return KERN_SUCCESS;
                }

                kr = mach_memory_entry_allocate(&user_entry, &user_handle);
                if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_FAILURE);
                        return KERN_FAILURE;
                }

                /*
                 * Force the creation of the VM object now.
                 */
                if (map_size > (vm_map_size_t) ANON_MAX_SIZE) {
                        /*
                         * LP64todo - for now, we can only allocate 4GB-4096
                         * internal objects because the default pager can't
                         * page bigger ones.  Remove this when it can.
                         */
                        kr = KERN_FAILURE;
                        goto make_mem_done;
                }

                object = vm_object_allocate(map_size);
                assert(object != VM_OBJECT_NULL);

                /*
                 * XXX
                 * We use this path when we want to make sure that
                 * nobody messes with the object (coalesce, for
                 * example) before we map it.
                 * We might want to use these objects for transposition via
                 * vm_object_transpose() too, so we don't want any copy or
                 * shadow objects either...
                 */
                object->copy_strategy = MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_NONE;
                object->true_share = TRUE;

                owner = current_task();
                if ((permission & MAP_MEM_PURGABLE) ||
                    vmne_kflags.vmnekf_ledger_tag) {
                        assert(object->vo_owner == NULL);
                        assert(object->resident_page_count == 0);
                        assert(object->wired_page_count == 0);
                        assert(owner != TASK_NULL);
                        if (vmne_kflags.vmnekf_ledger_no_footprint) {
                                ledger_flags |= VM_LEDGER_FLAG_NO_FOOTPRINT;
                                object->vo_no_footprint = TRUE;
                        }
                        if (permission & MAP_MEM_PURGABLE) {
                                if (!(permission & VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
                                        /* if we can't write, we can't purge */
                                        vm_object_deallocate(object);
                                        kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                                        goto make_mem_done;
                                }
                                object->purgable = VM_PURGABLE_NONVOLATILE;
                                if (permission & MAP_MEM_PURGABLE_KERNEL_ONLY) {
                                        object->purgeable_only_by_kernel = TRUE;
                                }
#if __arm64__
                                if (owner->task_legacy_footprint) {
                                        /*
                                         * For ios11, we failed to account for
                                         * this memory.  Keep doing that for
                                         * legacy apps (built before ios12),
                                         * for backwards compatibility's sake...
                                         */
                                        owner = kernel_task;
                                }
#endif /* __arm64__ */
                                vm_object_lock(object);
                                vm_purgeable_nonvolatile_enqueue(object, owner);
                                vm_object_unlock(object);
                        }
                }

                if (vmne_kflags.vmnekf_ledger_tag) {
                        /*
                         * Bill this object to the current task's
                         * ledgers for the given tag.
                         */
                        if (vmne_kflags.vmnekf_ledger_no_footprint) {
                                ledger_flags |= VM_LEDGER_FLAG_NO_FOOTPRINT;
                        }
                        vm_object_lock(object);
                        object->vo_ledger_tag = vmne_kflags.vmnekf_ledger_tag;
                        kr = vm_object_ownership_change(
                                object,
                                vmne_kflags.vmnekf_ledger_tag,
                                owner, /* new owner */
                                ledger_flags,
                                FALSE); /* task_objq locked? */
                        vm_object_unlock(object);
                        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                                vm_object_deallocate(object);
                                goto make_mem_done;
                        }
                }

#if CONFIG_SECLUDED_MEMORY
                if (secluded_for_iokit && /* global boot-arg */
                    ((permission & MAP_MEM_GRAB_SECLUDED)
#if 11
                    /* XXX FBDP for my testing only */
                    || (secluded_for_fbdp && map_size == 97550336)
#endif
                    )) {
#if 11
                        if (!(permission & MAP_MEM_GRAB_SECLUDED) &&
                            secluded_for_fbdp) {
                                printf("FBDP: object %p size %lld can grab secluded\n", object, (uint64_t) map_size);
                        }
#endif
                        object->can_grab_secluded = TRUE;
                        assert(!object->eligible_for_secluded);
                }
#endif /* CONFIG_SECLUDED_MEMORY */

                /*
                 * The VM object is brand new and nobody else knows about it,
                 * so we don't need to lock it.
                 */

                wimg_mode = object->wimg_bits;
                vm_prot_to_wimg(access, &wimg_mode);
                if (access != MAP_MEM_NOOP) {
                        object->wimg_bits = wimg_mode;
                }

                /* the object has no pages, so no WIMG bits to update here */

                kr = vm_named_entry_from_vm_object(
                        user_entry,
                        object,
                        0,
                        map_size,
                        (protections & VM_PROT_ALL));
                if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        vm_object_deallocate(object);
                        goto make_mem_done;
                }
                user_entry->internal = TRUE;
                user_entry->is_sub_map = FALSE;
                user_entry->offset = 0;
                user_entry->data_offset = 0;
                user_entry->protection = protections;
                SET_MAP_MEM(access, user_entry->protection);
                user_entry->size = map_size;

                /* user_object pager and internal fields are not used */
                /* when the object field is filled in.                */

                *size = CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t, (user_entry->size -
                    user_entry->data_offset));
                *object_handle = user_handle;
                DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_SUCCESS);
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        if (permission & MAP_MEM_VM_COPY) {
                vm_map_copy_t   copy;

                if (target_map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_INVALID_TASK);
                        return KERN_INVALID_TASK;
                }

                map_end = vm_map_round_page(offset + *size, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
                map_size = map_end - map_start;
                if (map_size == 0) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
                        return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                }

                if (use_data_addr || use_4K_compat) {
                        offset_in_page = offset - map_start;
                        if (use_4K_compat) {
                                offset_in_page &= ~((signed)(0xFFF));
                        }
                } else {
                        offset_in_page = 0;
                }

                kr = vm_map_copyin_internal(target_map,
                    map_start,
                    map_size,
                    VM_MAP_COPYIN_ENTRY_LIST,
                    &copy);
                if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, kr);
                        return kr;
                }
                assert(copy != VM_MAP_COPY_NULL);

                kr = mach_memory_entry_allocate(&user_entry, &user_handle);
                if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_FAILURE);
                        return KERN_FAILURE;
                }

                user_entry->backing.copy = copy;
                user_entry->internal = FALSE;
                user_entry->is_sub_map = FALSE;
                user_entry->is_copy = TRUE;
                user_entry->offset = 0;
                user_entry->protection = protections;
                user_entry->size = map_size;
                user_entry->data_offset = offset_in_page;

                *size = CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t, (user_entry->size -
                    user_entry->data_offset));
                *object_handle = user_handle;
                DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_SUCCESS);
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        if ((permission & MAP_MEM_VM_SHARE)
            || parent_entry == NULL
            || (permission & MAP_MEM_NAMED_REUSE)) {
                vm_map_copy_t   copy;
                vm_prot_t       cur_prot, max_prot;
                vm_map_kernel_flags_t vmk_flags;
                vm_map_entry_t parent_copy_entry;
                vm_prot_t required_protection;

                if (target_map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_INVALID_TASK);
                        return KERN_INVALID_TASK;
                }

                map_end = vm_map_round_page(offset + *size, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map));
                vmk_flags = VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE;
                parent_copy_entry = VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL;
                if (!(permission & MAP_MEM_VM_SHARE)) {
                        /* stop extracting if VM object changes */
                        vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_single_object = TRUE;
                        if ((permission & MAP_MEM_NAMED_REUSE) &&
                            parent_entry != NULL &&
                            parent_entry->is_object) {
                                vm_map_copy_t parent_copy;
                                parent_copy = parent_entry->backing.copy;
                                assert(parent_copy->cpy_hdr.nentries == 1);
                                parent_copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(parent_copy);
                                assert(!parent_copy_entry->is_sub_map);
                        }
                }

                map_size = map_end - map_start;
                if (map_size == 0) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
                        return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                }

                if (use_data_addr || use_4K_compat) {
                        offset_in_page = offset - map_start;
                        if (use_4K_compat) {
                                offset_in_page &= ~((signed)(0xFFF));
                        }
                } else {
                        offset_in_page = 0;
                }

                if (mask_protections) {
                        /*
                         * caller is asking for whichever proctections are
                         * available: no required protections.
                         */
                        required_protection = VM_PROT_NONE;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * Caller wants a memory entry with "protections".
                         * Make sure we extract only memory that matches that.
                         */
                        required_protection = protections;
                }
                cur_prot = VM_PROT_ALL;
                vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_pageable = TRUE;
                vmk_flags.vmkf_copy_same_map = FALSE;
                assert(map_size != 0);
                kr = vm_map_copy_extract(target_map,
                    map_start,
                    map_size,
                    required_protection,
                    FALSE,                      /* copy */
                    &copy,
                    &cur_prot,
                    &max_prot,
                    VM_INHERIT_SHARE,
                    vmk_flags);
                if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, kr);
                        if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
//                              panic("DEBUG4K %s:%d kr 0x%x\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, kr);
                        }
                        return kr;
                }
                assert(copy != VM_MAP_COPY_NULL);
                assert((cur_prot & required_protection) == required_protection);

                if (mask_protections) {
                        /*
                         * We just want as much of "original_protections"
                         * as we can get out of the actual "cur_prot".
                         */
                        protections &= cur_prot;
                        if (protections == VM_PROT_NONE) {
                                /* no access at all: fail */
                                DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
                                if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
//                                      panic("DEBUG4K %s:%d kr 0x%x\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, kr);
                                }
                                vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
                                return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
                        }
                } else {
                        /*
                         * We want exactly "original_protections"
                         * out of "cur_prot".
                         */
                        if ((cur_prot & protections) != protections) {
                                if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
//                                      panic("DEBUG4K %s:%d kr 0x%x\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
                                }
                                vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
                                DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE);
                                return KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
                        }
                }

                if (!(permission & MAP_MEM_VM_SHARE)) {
                        vm_map_entry_t copy_entry;

                        /* limit size to what's actually covered by "copy" */
                        assert(copy->cpy_hdr.nentries == 1);
                        copy_entry = vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy);
                        map_size = copy_entry->vme_end - copy_entry->vme_start;

                        if ((permission & MAP_MEM_NAMED_REUSE) &&
                            parent_copy_entry != VM_MAP_ENTRY_NULL &&
                            VME_OBJECT(copy_entry) == VME_OBJECT(parent_copy_entry) &&
                            VME_OFFSET(copy_entry) == VME_OFFSET(parent_copy_entry) &&
                            parent_entry->offset == 0 &&
                            parent_entry->size == map_size &&
                            (parent_entry->data_offset == offset_in_page)) {
                                /* we have a match: re-use "parent_entry" */

                                /* release our new "copy" */
                                vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
                                /* get extra send right on handle */
                                ipc_port_copy_send(parent_handle);

                                *size = CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t,
                                    (parent_entry->size -
                                    parent_entry->data_offset));
                                *object_handle = parent_handle;
                                DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_SUCCESS);
                                return KERN_SUCCESS;
                        }

                        /* no match: we need to create a new entry */
                        object = VME_OBJECT(copy_entry);
                        vm_object_lock(object);
                        wimg_mode = object->wimg_bits;
                        if (!(object->nophyscache)) {
                                vm_prot_to_wimg(access, &wimg_mode);
                        }
                        if (object->wimg_bits != wimg_mode) {
                                vm_object_change_wimg_mode(object, wimg_mode);
                        }
                        vm_object_unlock(object);
                }

                kr = mach_memory_entry_allocate(&user_entry, &user_handle);
                if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        if (VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map) < PAGE_SHIFT) {
//                              panic("DEBUG4K %s:%d kr 0x%x\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, kr);
                        }
                        vm_map_copy_discard(copy);
                        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_FAILURE);
                        return KERN_FAILURE;
                }

                user_entry->backing.copy = copy;
                user_entry->is_sub_map = FALSE;
                user_entry->is_object = FALSE;
                user_entry->internal = FALSE;
                user_entry->protection = protections;
                user_entry->size = map_size;
                user_entry->data_offset = offset_in_page;

                if (permission & MAP_MEM_VM_SHARE) {
                        user_entry->is_copy = TRUE;
                        user_entry->offset = 0;
                } else {
                        user_entry->is_object = TRUE;
                        user_entry->internal = object->internal;
                        user_entry->offset = VME_OFFSET(vm_map_copy_first_entry(copy));
                        SET_MAP_MEM(GET_MAP_MEM(permission), user_entry->protection);
                }

                *size = CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t, (user_entry->size -
                    user_entry->data_offset));
                *object_handle = user_handle;
                DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_SUCCESS);
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        /* The new object will be based on an existing named object */
        if (parent_entry == NULL) {
                kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                goto make_mem_done;
        }

        if (parent_entry->is_copy) {
                panic("parent_entry %p is_copy not supported\n", parent_entry);
                kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                goto make_mem_done;
        }

        if (use_data_addr || use_4K_compat) {
                /*
                 * submaps and pagers should only be accessible from within
                 * the kernel, which shouldn't use the data address flag, so can fail here.
                 */
                if (parent_entry->is_sub_map) {
                        panic("Shouldn't be using data address with a parent entry that is a submap.");
                }
                /*
                 * Account for offset to data in parent entry and
                 * compute our own offset to data.
                 */
                if ((offset + *size + parent_entry->data_offset) > parent_entry->size) {
                        kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                        goto make_mem_done;
                }

                map_start = vm_map_trunc_page(offset + parent_entry->data_offset, PAGE_MASK);
                offset_in_page = (offset + parent_entry->data_offset) - map_start;
                if (use_4K_compat) {
                        offset_in_page &= ~((signed)(0xFFF));
                }
                map_end = vm_map_round_page(offset + parent_entry->data_offset + *size, PAGE_MASK);
                map_size = map_end - map_start;
        } else {
                map_end = vm_map_round_page(offset + *size, PAGE_MASK);
                map_size = map_end - map_start;
                offset_in_page = 0;

                if ((offset + map_size) > parent_entry->size) {
                        kr = KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                        goto make_mem_done;
                }
        }

        if (mask_protections) {
                /*
                 * The caller asked us to use the "protections" as
                 * a mask, so restrict "protections" to what this
                 * mapping actually allows.
                 */
                protections &= parent_entry->protection;
        }
        if ((protections & parent_entry->protection) != protections) {
                kr = KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE;
                goto make_mem_done;
        }

        if (mach_memory_entry_allocate(&user_entry, &user_handle)
            != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                kr = KERN_FAILURE;
                goto make_mem_done;
        }

        user_entry->size = map_size;
        user_entry->offset = parent_entry->offset + map_start;
        user_entry->data_offset = offset_in_page;
        user_entry->is_sub_map = parent_entry->is_sub_map;
        user_entry->is_copy = parent_entry->is_copy;
        user_entry->internal = parent_entry->internal;
        user_entry->protection = protections;

        if (access != MAP_MEM_NOOP) {
                SET_MAP_MEM(access, user_entry->protection);
        }

        if (parent_entry->is_sub_map) {
                vm_map_t map = parent_entry->backing.map;
                user_entry->backing.map = map;
                lck_mtx_lock(&map->s_lock);
                os_ref_retain_locked(&map->map_refcnt);
                lck_mtx_unlock(&map->s_lock);
        } else {
                object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(parent_entry);
                assert(object != VM_OBJECT_NULL);
                assert(object->copy_strategy != MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC);
                kr = vm_named_entry_from_vm_object(
                        user_entry,
                        object,
                        user_entry->offset,
                        user_entry->size,
                        (user_entry->protection & VM_PROT_ALL));
                if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                        goto make_mem_done;
                }
                assert(user_entry->is_object);
                /* we now point to this object, hold on */
                vm_object_lock(object);
                vm_object_reference_locked(object);
#if VM_OBJECT_TRACKING_OP_TRUESHARE
                if (!object->true_share &&
                    vm_object_tracking_inited) {
                        void *bt[VM_OBJECT_TRACKING_BTDEPTH];
                        int num = 0;

                        num = OSBacktrace(bt,
                            VM_OBJECT_TRACKING_BTDEPTH);
                        btlog_add_entry(vm_object_tracking_btlog,
                            object,
                            VM_OBJECT_TRACKING_OP_TRUESHARE,
                            bt,
                            num);
                }
#endif /* VM_OBJECT_TRACKING_OP_TRUESHARE */

                object->true_share = TRUE;
                if (object->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
                        object->copy_strategy = MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY;
                }
                vm_object_unlock(object);
        }
        *size = CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t, (user_entry->size -
            user_entry->data_offset));
        *object_handle = user_handle;
        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, KERN_SUCCESS);
        return KERN_SUCCESS;

make_mem_done:
        if (user_handle != IP_NULL) {
                /*
                 * Releasing "user_handle" causes the kernel object
                 * associated with it ("user_entry" here) to also be
                 * released and freed.
                 */
                mach_memory_entry_port_release(user_handle);
        }
        DEBUG4K_MEMENTRY("map %p offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx prot 0x%x -> entry %p kr 0x%x\n", target_map, offset, *size, permission, user_entry, kr);
        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
_mach_make_memory_entry(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        memory_object_size_t    *size,
        memory_object_offset_t  offset,
        vm_prot_t               permission,
        ipc_port_t              *object_handle,
        ipc_port_t              parent_entry)
{
        memory_object_size_t    mo_size;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        mo_size = (memory_object_size_t)*size;
        kr = mach_make_memory_entry_64(target_map, &mo_size,
            (memory_object_offset_t)offset, permission, object_handle,
            parent_entry);
        *size = mo_size;
        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
mach_make_memory_entry(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        vm_size_t               *size,
        vm_offset_t             offset,
        vm_prot_t               permission,
        ipc_port_t              *object_handle,
        ipc_port_t              parent_entry)
{
        memory_object_size_t    mo_size;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        mo_size = (memory_object_size_t)*size;
        kr = mach_make_memory_entry_64(target_map, &mo_size,
            (memory_object_offset_t)offset, permission, object_handle,
            parent_entry);
        *size = CAST_DOWN(vm_size_t, mo_size);
        return kr;
}

/*
 *      task_wire
 *
 *      Set or clear the map's wiring_required flag.  This flag, if set,
 *      will cause all future virtual memory allocation to allocate
 *      user wired memory.  Unwiring pages wired down as a result of
 *      this routine is done with the vm_wire interface.
 */
kern_return_t
task_wire(
        vm_map_t        map,
        boolean_t       must_wire)
{
        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        vm_map_lock(map);
        map->wiring_required = (must_wire == TRUE);
        vm_map_unlock(map);

        return KERN_SUCCESS;
}

kern_return_t
vm_map_exec_lockdown(
        vm_map_t        map)
{
        if (map == VM_MAP_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        vm_map_lock(map);
        map->map_disallow_new_exec = TRUE;
        vm_map_unlock(map);

        return KERN_SUCCESS;
}

#if VM_NAMED_ENTRY_LIST
queue_head_t    vm_named_entry_list = QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vm_named_entry_list);
int             vm_named_entry_count = 0;
LCK_MTX_EARLY_DECLARE_ATTR(vm_named_entry_list_lock_data,
    &vm_object_lck_grp, &vm_object_lck_attr);
#endif /* VM_NAMED_ENTRY_LIST */

__private_extern__ kern_return_t
mach_memory_entry_allocate(
        vm_named_entry_t        *user_entry_p,
        ipc_port_t              *user_handle_p)
{
        vm_named_entry_t        user_entry;
        ipc_port_t              user_handle;

        user_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) kalloc(sizeof *user_entry);
        if (user_entry == NULL) {
                return KERN_FAILURE;
        }
        bzero(user_entry, sizeof(*user_entry));

        named_entry_lock_init(user_entry);

        user_entry->backing.copy = NULL;
        user_entry->is_object = FALSE;
        user_entry->is_sub_map = FALSE;
        user_entry->is_copy = FALSE;
        user_entry->internal = FALSE;
        user_entry->size = 0;
        user_entry->offset = 0;
        user_entry->data_offset = 0;
        user_entry->protection = VM_PROT_NONE;
        user_entry->ref_count = 1;

        user_handle = ipc_kobject_alloc_port((ipc_kobject_t)user_entry,
            IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY,
            IPC_KOBJECT_ALLOC_MAKE_SEND | IPC_KOBJECT_ALLOC_NSREQUEST);

        *user_entry_p = user_entry;
        *user_handle_p = user_handle;

#if VM_NAMED_ENTRY_LIST
        /* keep a loose (no reference) pointer to the Mach port, for debugging only */
        user_entry->named_entry_port = user_handle;
        /* backtrace at allocation time, for debugging only */
        OSBacktrace(&user_entry->named_entry_bt[0],
            NAMED_ENTRY_BT_DEPTH);

        /* add this new named entry to the global list */
        lck_mtx_lock_spin(&vm_named_entry_list_lock_data);
        queue_enter(&vm_named_entry_list, user_entry,
            vm_named_entry_t, named_entry_list);
        vm_named_entry_count++;
        lck_mtx_unlock(&vm_named_entry_list_lock_data);
#endif /* VM_NAMED_ENTRY_LIST */

        return KERN_SUCCESS;
}

/*
 *      mach_memory_object_memory_entry_64
 *
 *      Create a named entry backed by the provided pager.
 *
 */
kern_return_t
mach_memory_object_memory_entry_64(
        host_t                  host,
        boolean_t               internal,
        vm_object_offset_t      size,
        vm_prot_t               permission,
        memory_object_t         pager,
        ipc_port_t              *entry_handle)
{
        unsigned int            access;
        vm_named_entry_t        user_entry;
        ipc_port_t              user_handle;
        vm_object_t             object;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (host == HOST_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_HOST;
        }

        if (pager == MEMORY_OBJECT_NULL && internal) {
                object = vm_object_allocate(size);
                if (object->copy_strategy == MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_SYMMETRIC) {
                        object->copy_strategy = MEMORY_OBJECT_COPY_DELAY;
                }
        } else {
                object = memory_object_to_vm_object(pager);
                if (object != VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                        vm_object_reference(object);
                }
        }
        if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (mach_memory_entry_allocate(&user_entry, &user_handle)
            != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                vm_object_deallocate(object);
                return KERN_FAILURE;
        }

        user_entry->size = size;
        user_entry->offset = 0;
        user_entry->protection = permission & VM_PROT_ALL;
        access = GET_MAP_MEM(permission);
        SET_MAP_MEM(access, user_entry->protection);
        user_entry->is_sub_map = FALSE;
        assert(user_entry->ref_count == 1);

        kr = vm_named_entry_from_vm_object(user_entry, object, 0, size,
            (user_entry->protection & VM_PROT_ALL));
        if (kr != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                return kr;
        }
        user_entry->internal = object->internal;
        assert(object->internal == internal);

        *entry_handle = user_handle;
        return KERN_SUCCESS;
}

kern_return_t
mach_memory_object_memory_entry(
        host_t          host,
        boolean_t       internal,
        vm_size_t       size,
        vm_prot_t       permission,
        memory_object_t pager,
        ipc_port_t      *entry_handle)
{
        return mach_memory_object_memory_entry_64( host, internal,
                   (vm_object_offset_t)size, permission, pager, entry_handle);
}


kern_return_t
mach_memory_entry_purgable_control(
        ipc_port_t      entry_port,
        vm_purgable_t   control,
        int             *state)
{
        if (control == VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE_FROM_KERNEL) {
                /* not allowed from user-space */
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        return memory_entry_purgeable_control_internal(entry_port, control, state);
}

kern_return_t
memory_entry_purgeable_control_internal(
        ipc_port_t      entry_port,
        vm_purgable_t   control,
        int             *state)
{
        kern_return_t           kr;
        vm_named_entry_t        mem_entry;
        vm_object_t             object;

        if (!IP_VALID(entry_port) ||
            ip_kotype(entry_port) != IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
        if (control != VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE &&
            control != VM_PURGABLE_GET_STATE &&
            control != VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE_FROM_KERNEL) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if ((control == VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE ||
            control == VM_PURGABLE_SET_STATE_FROM_KERNEL) &&
            (((*state & ~(VM_PURGABLE_ALL_MASKS)) != 0) ||
            ((*state & VM_PURGABLE_STATE_MASK) > VM_PURGABLE_STATE_MASK))) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        mem_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(entry_port);

        named_entry_lock(mem_entry);

        if (mem_entry->is_sub_map ||
            mem_entry->is_copy) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        assert(mem_entry->is_object);
        object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(mem_entry);
        if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        vm_object_lock(object);

        /* check that named entry covers entire object ? */
        if (mem_entry->offset != 0 || object->vo_size != mem_entry->size) {
                vm_object_unlock(object);
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);

        kr = vm_object_purgable_control(object, control, state);

        vm_object_unlock(object);

        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
mach_memory_entry_access_tracking(
        ipc_port_t      entry_port,
        int             *access_tracking,
        uint32_t        *access_tracking_reads,
        uint32_t        *access_tracking_writes)
{
        return memory_entry_access_tracking_internal(entry_port,
                   access_tracking,
                   access_tracking_reads,
                   access_tracking_writes);
}

kern_return_t
memory_entry_access_tracking_internal(
        ipc_port_t      entry_port,
        int             *access_tracking,
        uint32_t        *access_tracking_reads,
        uint32_t        *access_tracking_writes)
{
        vm_named_entry_t        mem_entry;
        vm_object_t             object;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (!IP_VALID(entry_port) ||
            ip_kotype(entry_port) != IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        mem_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(entry_port);

        named_entry_lock(mem_entry);

        if (mem_entry->is_sub_map ||
            mem_entry->is_copy) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        assert(mem_entry->is_object);
        object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(mem_entry);
        if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

#if VM_OBJECT_ACCESS_TRACKING
        vm_object_access_tracking(object,
            access_tracking,
            access_tracking_reads,
            access_tracking_writes);
        kr = KERN_SUCCESS;
#else /* VM_OBJECT_ACCESS_TRACKING */
        (void) access_tracking;
        (void) access_tracking_reads;
        (void) access_tracking_writes;
        kr = KERN_NOT_SUPPORTED;
#endif /* VM_OBJECT_ACCESS_TRACKING */

        named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);

        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
mach_memory_entry_ownership(
        ipc_port_t      entry_port,
        task_t          owner,
        int             ledger_tag,
        int             ledger_flags)
{
        task_t                  cur_task;
        kern_return_t           kr;
        vm_named_entry_t        mem_entry;
        vm_object_t             object;

        cur_task = current_task();
        if (cur_task != kernel_task &&
            (owner != cur_task ||
            (ledger_flags & VM_LEDGER_FLAG_NO_FOOTPRINT) ||
            ledger_tag == VM_LEDGER_TAG_NETWORK)) {
                /*
                 * An entitlement is required to:
                 * + tranfer memory ownership to someone else,
                 * + request that the memory not count against the footprint,
                 * + tag as "network" (since that implies "no footprint")
                 */
                if (!cur_task->task_can_transfer_memory_ownership &&
                    IOTaskHasEntitlement(cur_task,
                    "com.apple.private.memory.ownership_transfer")) {
                        cur_task->task_can_transfer_memory_ownership = TRUE;
                }
                if (!cur_task->task_can_transfer_memory_ownership) {
                        return KERN_NO_ACCESS;
                }
        }

        if (ledger_flags & ~VM_LEDGER_FLAGS) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
        if (ledger_tag <= 0 ||
            ledger_tag > VM_LEDGER_TAG_MAX) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (!IP_VALID(entry_port) ||
            ip_kotype(entry_port) != IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }
        mem_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(entry_port);

        named_entry_lock(mem_entry);

        if (mem_entry->is_sub_map ||
            mem_entry->is_copy) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        assert(mem_entry->is_object);
        object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(mem_entry);
        if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        vm_object_lock(object);

        /* check that named entry covers entire object ? */
        if (mem_entry->offset != 0 || object->vo_size != mem_entry->size) {
                vm_object_unlock(object);
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);

        kr = vm_object_ownership_change(object,
            ledger_tag,
            owner,
            ledger_flags,
            FALSE);                             /* task_objq_locked */
        vm_object_unlock(object);

        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
mach_memory_entry_get_page_counts(
        ipc_port_t      entry_port,
        unsigned int    *resident_page_count,
        unsigned int    *dirty_page_count)
{
        kern_return_t           kr;
        vm_named_entry_t        mem_entry;
        vm_object_t             object;
        vm_object_offset_t      offset;
        vm_object_size_t        size;

        if (!IP_VALID(entry_port) ||
            ip_kotype(entry_port) != IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        mem_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(entry_port);

        named_entry_lock(mem_entry);

        if (mem_entry->is_sub_map ||
            mem_entry->is_copy) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        assert(mem_entry->is_object);
        object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(mem_entry);
        if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        vm_object_lock(object);

        offset = mem_entry->offset;
        size = mem_entry->size;
        size = vm_object_round_page(offset + size) - vm_object_trunc_page(offset);
        offset = vm_object_trunc_page(offset);

        named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);

        kr = vm_object_get_page_counts(object, offset, size, resident_page_count, dirty_page_count);

        vm_object_unlock(object);

        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
mach_memory_entry_phys_page_offset(
        ipc_port_t              entry_port,
        vm_object_offset_t      *offset_p)
{
        vm_named_entry_t        mem_entry;
        vm_object_t             object;
        vm_object_offset_t      offset;
        vm_object_offset_t      data_offset;

        if (!IP_VALID(entry_port) ||
            ip_kotype(entry_port) != IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        mem_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) entry_port->ip_kobject;

        named_entry_lock(mem_entry);

        if (mem_entry->is_sub_map ||
            mem_entry->is_copy) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        assert(mem_entry->is_object);
        object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(mem_entry);
        if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        offset = mem_entry->offset;
        data_offset = mem_entry->data_offset;

        named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);

        *offset_p = offset - vm_object_trunc_page(offset) + data_offset;
        return KERN_SUCCESS;
}

kern_return_t
mach_memory_entry_map_size(
        ipc_port_t             entry_port,
        vm_map_t               map,
        memory_object_offset_t offset,
        memory_object_offset_t size,
        mach_vm_size_t         *map_size)
{
        vm_named_entry_t        mem_entry;
        vm_object_t             object;
        vm_object_offset_t      object_offset_start, object_offset_end;
        vm_map_copy_t           copy_map, target_copy_map;
        vm_map_offset_t         overmap_start, overmap_end, trimmed_start;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (!IP_VALID(entry_port) ||
            ip_kotype(entry_port) != IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        mem_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) entry_port->ip_kobject;
        named_entry_lock(mem_entry);

        if (mem_entry->is_sub_map) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        if (mem_entry->is_object) {
                object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(mem_entry);
                if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                        named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                        return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                }

                object_offset_start = mem_entry->offset;
                object_offset_start += mem_entry->data_offset;
                object_offset_start += offset;
                object_offset_end = object_offset_start + size;
                object_offset_start = vm_map_trunc_page(object_offset_start,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
                object_offset_end = vm_map_round_page(object_offset_end,
                    VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));

                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);

                *map_size = object_offset_end - object_offset_start;
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        if (!mem_entry->is_copy) {
                panic("unsupported type of mem_entry %p\n", mem_entry);
        }

        assert(mem_entry->is_copy);
        if (VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_MASK(mem_entry->backing.copy) == VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)) {
                *map_size = vm_map_round_page(mem_entry->offset + mem_entry->data_offset + offset + size, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map)) - vm_map_trunc_page(mem_entry->offset + mem_entry->data_offset + offset, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map));
                DEBUG4K_SHARE("map %p (%d) mem_entry %p offset 0x%llx + 0x%llx + 0x%llx size 0x%llx -> map_size 0x%llx\n", map, VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(map), mem_entry, mem_entry->offset, mem_entry->data_offset, offset, size, *map_size);
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_SUCCESS;
        }

        DEBUG4K_SHARE("mem_entry %p copy %p (%d) map %p (%d) offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx\n", mem_entry, mem_entry->backing.copy, VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(mem_entry->backing.copy), map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map), offset, size);
        copy_map = mem_entry->backing.copy;
        target_copy_map = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
        DEBUG4K_ADJUST("adjusting...\n");
        kr = vm_map_copy_adjust_to_target(copy_map,
            mem_entry->data_offset + offset,
            size,
            map,
            FALSE,
            &target_copy_map,
            &overmap_start,
            &overmap_end,
            &trimmed_start);
        if (kr == KERN_SUCCESS) {
                if (target_copy_map->size != copy_map->size) {
                        DEBUG4K_ADJUST("copy %p (%d) map %p (%d) offset 0x%llx size 0x%llx overmap_start 0x%llx overmap_end 0x%llx trimmed_start 0x%llx map_size 0x%llx -> 0x%llx\n", copy_map, VM_MAP_COPY_PAGE_SHIFT(copy_map), map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(map), (uint64_t)offset, (uint64_t)size, (uint64_t)overmap_start, (uint64_t)overmap_end, (uint64_t)trimmed_start, (uint64_t)copy_map->size, (uint64_t)target_copy_map->size);
                }
                *map_size = target_copy_map->size;
                if (target_copy_map != copy_map) {
                        vm_map_copy_discard(target_copy_map);
                }
                target_copy_map = VM_MAP_COPY_NULL;
        }
        named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
        return kr;
}

/*
 * mach_memory_entry_port_release:
 *
 * Release a send right on a named entry port.  This is the correct
 * way to destroy a named entry.  When the last right on the port is
 * released, ipc_kobject_destroy() will call mach_destroy_memory_entry().
 */
void
mach_memory_entry_port_release(
        ipc_port_t      port)
{
        assert(ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY);
        ipc_port_release_send(port);
}

/*
 * mach_destroy_memory_entry:
 *
 * Drops a reference on a memory entry and destroys the memory entry if
 * there are no more references on it.
 * NOTE: This routine should not be called to destroy a memory entry from the
 * kernel, as it will not release the Mach port associated with the memory
 * entry.  The proper way to destroy a memory entry in the kernel is to
 * call mach_memort_entry_port_release() to release the kernel's send-right on
 * the memory entry's port.  When the last send right is released, the memory
 * entry will be destroyed via ipc_kobject_destroy().
 */
void
mach_destroy_memory_entry(
        ipc_port_t      port)
{
        vm_named_entry_t        named_entry;
#if MACH_ASSERT
        assert(ip_kotype(port) == IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY);
#endif /* MACH_ASSERT */
        named_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(port);

        named_entry_lock(named_entry);
        named_entry->ref_count -= 1;

        if (named_entry->ref_count == 0) {
                if (named_entry->is_sub_map) {
                        vm_map_deallocate(named_entry->backing.map);
                } else if (named_entry->is_copy) {
                        vm_map_copy_discard(named_entry->backing.copy);
                } else if (named_entry->is_object) {
                        assert(named_entry->backing.copy->cpy_hdr.nentries == 1);
                        vm_map_copy_discard(named_entry->backing.copy);
                } else {
                        assert(named_entry->backing.copy == VM_MAP_COPY_NULL);
                }

                named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
                named_entry_lock_destroy(named_entry);

#if VM_NAMED_ENTRY_LIST
                lck_mtx_lock_spin(&vm_named_entry_list_lock_data);
                queue_remove(&vm_named_entry_list, named_entry,
                    vm_named_entry_t, named_entry_list);
                assert(vm_named_entry_count > 0);
                vm_named_entry_count--;
                lck_mtx_unlock(&vm_named_entry_list_lock_data);
#endif /* VM_NAMED_ENTRY_LIST */

                kfree(named_entry, sizeof(struct vm_named_entry));
        } else {
                named_entry_unlock(named_entry);
        }
}

/* Allow manipulation of individual page state.  This is actually part of */
/* the UPL regimen but takes place on the memory entry rather than on a UPL */

kern_return_t
mach_memory_entry_page_op(
        ipc_port_t              entry_port,
        vm_object_offset_t      offset,
        int                     ops,
        ppnum_t                 *phys_entry,
        int                     *flags)
{
        vm_named_entry_t        mem_entry;
        vm_object_t             object;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (!IP_VALID(entry_port) ||
            ip_kotype(entry_port) != IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        mem_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(entry_port);

        named_entry_lock(mem_entry);

        if (mem_entry->is_sub_map ||
            mem_entry->is_copy) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        assert(mem_entry->is_object);
        object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(mem_entry);
        if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        vm_object_reference(object);
        named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);

        kr = vm_object_page_op(object, offset, ops, phys_entry, flags);

        vm_object_deallocate(object);

        return kr;
}

/*
 * mach_memory_entry_range_op offers performance enhancement over
 * mach_memory_entry_page_op for page_op functions which do not require page
 * level state to be returned from the call.  Page_op was created to provide
 * a low-cost alternative to page manipulation via UPLs when only a single
 * page was involved.  The range_op call establishes the ability in the _op
 * family of functions to work on multiple pages where the lack of page level
 * state handling allows the caller to avoid the overhead of the upl structures.
 */

kern_return_t
mach_memory_entry_range_op(
        ipc_port_t              entry_port,
        vm_object_offset_t      offset_beg,
        vm_object_offset_t      offset_end,
        int                     ops,
        int                     *range)
{
        vm_named_entry_t        mem_entry;
        vm_object_t             object;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (!IP_VALID(entry_port) ||
            ip_kotype(entry_port) != IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        mem_entry = (vm_named_entry_t) ip_get_kobject(entry_port);

        named_entry_lock(mem_entry);

        if (mem_entry->is_sub_map ||
            mem_entry->is_copy) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        assert(mem_entry->is_object);
        object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(mem_entry);
        if (object == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        vm_object_reference(object);
        named_entry_unlock(mem_entry);

        kr = vm_object_range_op(object,
            offset_beg,
            offset_end,
            ops,
            (uint32_t *) range);

        vm_object_deallocate(object);

        return kr;
}

/* ******* Temporary Internal calls to UPL for BSD ***** */

extern int kernel_upl_map(
        vm_map_t        map,
        upl_t           upl,
        vm_offset_t     *dst_addr);

extern int kernel_upl_unmap(
        vm_map_t        map,
        upl_t           upl);

extern int kernel_upl_commit(
        upl_t                   upl,
        upl_page_info_t         *pl,
        mach_msg_type_number_t   count);

extern int kernel_upl_commit_range(
        upl_t                   upl,
        upl_offset_t             offset,
        upl_size_t              size,
        int                     flags,
        upl_page_info_array_t   pl,
        mach_msg_type_number_t  count);

extern int kernel_upl_abort(
        upl_t                   upl,
        int                     abort_type);

extern int kernel_upl_abort_range(
        upl_t                   upl,
        upl_offset_t             offset,
        upl_size_t               size,
        int                     abort_flags);


kern_return_t
kernel_upl_map(
        vm_map_t        map,
        upl_t           upl,
        vm_offset_t     *dst_addr)
{
        return vm_upl_map(map, upl, dst_addr);
}


kern_return_t
kernel_upl_unmap(
        vm_map_t        map,
        upl_t           upl)
{
        return vm_upl_unmap(map, upl);
}

kern_return_t
kernel_upl_commit(
        upl_t                   upl,
        upl_page_info_t        *pl,
        mach_msg_type_number_t  count)
{
        kern_return_t   kr;

        kr = upl_commit(upl, pl, count);
        upl_deallocate(upl);
        return kr;
}


kern_return_t
kernel_upl_commit_range(
        upl_t                   upl,
        upl_offset_t            offset,
        upl_size_t              size,
        int                     flags,
        upl_page_info_array_t   pl,
        mach_msg_type_number_t  count)
{
        boolean_t               finished = FALSE;
        kern_return_t           kr;

        if (flags & UPL_COMMIT_FREE_ON_EMPTY) {
                flags |= UPL_COMMIT_NOTIFY_EMPTY;
        }

        if (flags & UPL_COMMIT_KERNEL_ONLY_FLAGS) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        kr = upl_commit_range(upl, offset, size, flags, pl, count, &finished);

        if ((flags & UPL_COMMIT_NOTIFY_EMPTY) && finished) {
                upl_deallocate(upl);
        }

        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
kernel_upl_abort_range(
        upl_t                   upl,
        upl_offset_t            offset,
        upl_size_t              size,
        int                     abort_flags)
{
        kern_return_t           kr;
        boolean_t               finished = FALSE;

        if (abort_flags & UPL_COMMIT_FREE_ON_EMPTY) {
                abort_flags |= UPL_COMMIT_NOTIFY_EMPTY;
        }

        kr = upl_abort_range(upl, offset, size, abort_flags, &finished);

        if ((abort_flags & UPL_COMMIT_FREE_ON_EMPTY) && finished) {
                upl_deallocate(upl);
        }

        return kr;
}

kern_return_t
kernel_upl_abort(
        upl_t                   upl,
        int                     abort_type)
{
        kern_return_t   kr;

        kr = upl_abort(upl, abort_type);
        upl_deallocate(upl);
        return kr;
}

/*
 * Now a kernel-private interface (for BootCache
 * use only).  Need a cleaner way to create an
 * empty vm_map() and return a handle to it.
 */

kern_return_t
vm_region_object_create(
        __unused vm_map_t       target_map,
        vm_size_t               size,
        ipc_port_t              *object_handle)
{
        vm_named_entry_t        user_entry;
        ipc_port_t              user_handle;

        vm_map_t        new_map;

        if (mach_memory_entry_allocate(&user_entry, &user_handle)
            != KERN_SUCCESS) {
                return KERN_FAILURE;
        }

        /* Create a named object based on a submap of specified size */

        new_map = vm_map_create(PMAP_NULL, VM_MAP_MIN_ADDRESS,
            vm_map_round_page(size,
            VM_MAP_PAGE_MASK(target_map)),
            TRUE);
        vm_map_set_page_shift(new_map, VM_MAP_PAGE_SHIFT(target_map));

        user_entry->backing.map = new_map;
        user_entry->internal = TRUE;
        user_entry->is_sub_map = TRUE;
        user_entry->offset = 0;
        user_entry->protection = VM_PROT_ALL;
        user_entry->size = size;
        assert(user_entry->ref_count == 1);

        *object_handle = user_handle;
        return KERN_SUCCESS;
}

ppnum_t vm_map_get_phys_page(           /* forward */
        vm_map_t        map,
        vm_offset_t     offset);

ppnum_t
vm_map_get_phys_page(
        vm_map_t                map,
        vm_offset_t             addr)
{
        vm_object_offset_t      offset;
        vm_object_t             object;
        vm_map_offset_t         map_offset;
        vm_map_entry_t          entry;
        ppnum_t                 phys_page = 0;

        map_offset = vm_map_trunc_page(addr, PAGE_MASK);

        vm_map_lock(map);
        while (vm_map_lookup_entry(map, map_offset, &entry)) {
                if (VME_OBJECT(entry) == VM_OBJECT_NULL) {
                        vm_map_unlock(map);
                        return (ppnum_t) 0;
                }
                if (entry->is_sub_map) {
                        vm_map_t        old_map;
                        vm_map_lock(VME_SUBMAP(entry));
                        old_map = map;
                        map = VME_SUBMAP(entry);
                        map_offset = (VME_OFFSET(entry) +
                            (map_offset - entry->vme_start));
                        vm_map_unlock(old_map);
                        continue;
                }
                if (VME_OBJECT(entry)->phys_contiguous) {
                        /* These are  not standard pageable memory mappings */
                        /* If they are not present in the object they will  */
                        /* have to be picked up from the pager through the  */
                        /* fault mechanism.  */
                        if (VME_OBJECT(entry)->vo_shadow_offset == 0) {
                                /* need to call vm_fault */
                                vm_map_unlock(map);
                                vm_fault(map, map_offset, VM_PROT_NONE,
                                    FALSE /* change_wiring */, VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE,
                                    THREAD_UNINT, NULL, 0);
                                vm_map_lock(map);
                                continue;
                        }
                        offset = (VME_OFFSET(entry) +
                            (map_offset - entry->vme_start));
                        phys_page = (ppnum_t)
                            ((VME_OBJECT(entry)->vo_shadow_offset
                            + offset) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
                        break;
                }
                offset = (VME_OFFSET(entry) + (map_offset - entry->vme_start));
                object = VME_OBJECT(entry);
                vm_object_lock(object);
                while (TRUE) {
                        vm_page_t dst_page = vm_page_lookup(object, offset);
                        if (dst_page == VM_PAGE_NULL) {
                                if (object->shadow) {
                                        vm_object_t old_object;
                                        vm_object_lock(object->shadow);
                                        old_object = object;
                                        offset = offset + object->vo_shadow_offset;
                                        object = object->shadow;
                                        vm_object_unlock(old_object);
                                } else {
                                        vm_object_unlock(object);
                                        break;
                                }
                        } else {
                                phys_page = (ppnum_t)(VM_PAGE_GET_PHYS_PAGE(dst_page));
                                vm_object_unlock(object);
                                break;
                        }
                }
                break;
        }

        vm_map_unlock(map);
        return phys_page;
}

#if 0
kern_return_t kernel_object_iopl_request(       /* forward */
        vm_named_entry_t        named_entry,
        memory_object_offset_t  offset,
        upl_size_t              *upl_size,
        upl_t                   *upl_ptr,
        upl_page_info_array_t   user_page_list,
        unsigned int            *page_list_count,
        int                     *flags);

kern_return_t
kernel_object_iopl_request(
        vm_named_entry_t        named_entry,
        memory_object_offset_t  offset,
        upl_size_t              *upl_size,
        upl_t                   *upl_ptr,
        upl_page_info_array_t   user_page_list,
        unsigned int            *page_list_count,
        int                     *flags)
{
        vm_object_t             object;
        kern_return_t           ret;

        int                     caller_flags;

        caller_flags = *flags;

        if (caller_flags & ~UPL_VALID_FLAGS) {
                /*
                 * For forward compatibility's sake,
                 * reject any unknown flag.
                 */
                return KERN_INVALID_VALUE;
        }

        /* a few checks to make sure user is obeying rules */
        if (*upl_size == 0) {
                if (offset >= named_entry->size) {
                        return KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
                }
                *upl_size = (upl_size_t) (named_entry->size - offset);
                if (*upl_size != named_entry->size - offset) {
                        return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
                }
        }
        if (caller_flags & UPL_COPYOUT_FROM) {
                if ((named_entry->protection & VM_PROT_READ)
                    != VM_PROT_READ) {
                        return KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
                }
        } else {
                if ((named_entry->protection &
                    (VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE))
                    != (VM_PROT_READ | VM_PROT_WRITE)) {
                        return KERN_INVALID_RIGHT;
                }
        }
        if (named_entry->size < (offset + *upl_size)) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        /* the callers parameter offset is defined to be the */
        /* offset from beginning of named entry offset in object */
        offset = offset + named_entry->offset;

        if (named_entry->is_sub_map ||
            named_entry->is_copy) {
                return KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
        }

        named_entry_lock(named_entry);

        /* This is the case where we are going to operate */
        /* on an already known object.  If the object is */
        /* not ready it is internal.  An external     */
        /* object cannot be mapped until it is ready  */
        /* we can therefore avoid the ready check     */
        /* in this case.  */
        assert(named_entry->is_object);
        object = vm_named_entry_to_vm_object(named_entry);
        vm_object_reference(object);
        named_entry_unlock(named_entry);

        if (!object->private) {
                if (*upl_size > MAX_UPL_TRANSFER_BYTES) {
                        *upl_size = MAX_UPL_TRANSFER_BYTES;
                }
                if (object->phys_contiguous) {
                        *flags = UPL_PHYS_CONTIG;
                } else {
                        *flags = 0;
                }
        } else {
                *flags = UPL_DEV_MEMORY | UPL_PHYS_CONTIG;
        }

        ret = vm_object_iopl_request(object,
            offset,
            *upl_size,
            upl_ptr,
            user_page_list,
            page_list_count,
            (upl_control_flags_t)(unsigned int)caller_flags);
        vm_object_deallocate(object);
        return ret;
}
#endif

/*
 * These symbols are looked up at runtime by vmware, VirtualBox,
 * despite not being exported in the symbol sets.
 */

#if defined(__x86_64__)

kern_return_t
mach_vm_map(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *address,
        mach_vm_size_t  initial_size,
        mach_vm_offset_t        mask,
        int                     flags,
        ipc_port_t              port,
        vm_object_offset_t      offset,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance);

kern_return_t
mach_vm_remap(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *address,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        mach_vm_offset_t        mask,
        int                     flags,
        vm_map_t                src_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        memory_address,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               *max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance);

kern_return_t
mach_vm_map(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *address,
        mach_vm_size_t  initial_size,
        mach_vm_offset_t        mask,
        int                     flags,
        ipc_port_t              port,
        vm_object_offset_t      offset,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        return mach_vm_map_external(target_map, address, initial_size, mask, flags, port,
                   offset, copy, cur_protection, max_protection, inheritance);
}

kern_return_t
mach_vm_remap(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        *address,
        mach_vm_size_t  size,
        mach_vm_offset_t        mask,
        int                     flags,
        vm_map_t                src_map,
        mach_vm_offset_t        memory_address,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               *cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               *max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        return mach_vm_remap_external(target_map, address, size, mask, flags, src_map, memory_address,
                   copy, cur_protection, max_protection, inheritance);
}

kern_return_t
vm_map(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        vm_offset_t             *address,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_offset_t             mask,
        int                     flags,
        ipc_port_t              port,
        vm_offset_t             offset,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance);

kern_return_t
vm_map(
        vm_map_t                target_map,
        vm_offset_t             *address,
        vm_size_t               size,
        vm_offset_t             mask,
        int                     flags,
        ipc_port_t              port,
        vm_offset_t             offset,
        boolean_t               copy,
        vm_prot_t               cur_protection,
        vm_prot_t               max_protection,
        vm_inherit_t            inheritance)
{
        vm_tag_t tag;

        VM_GET_FLAGS_ALIAS(flags, tag);
        return vm_map_kernel(target_map, address, size, mask,
                   flags, VM_MAP_KERNEL_FLAGS_NONE, tag,
                   port, offset, copy,
                   cur_protection, max_protection, inheritance);
}

#endif /* __x86_64__ */