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1.\" $NetBSD: mkdir.2,v 1.8 1995/02/27 12:34:22 cgd Exp $
2.\"
3.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
5.\"
6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8.\" are met:
9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
15.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
16.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
17.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
18.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
19.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
20.\" without specific prior written permission.
21.\"
22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
23.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
24.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
25.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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29.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
30.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
31.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
32.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
33.\"
34.\" @(#)mkdir.2 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
35.\"
36.Dd December 11, 1993
37.Dt MKDIR 2
38.Os BSD 4.2
39.Sh NAME
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40.Nm mkdir ,
41.Nm mkdirat
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42.Nd make a directory file
43.Sh SYNOPSIS
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44.Fd #include <sys/stat.h>
45.Ft int
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46.Fo mkdir
47.Fa "const char *path"
48.Fa "mode_t mode"
49.Fc
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50.Ft int
51.Fn mkdirat "int fd" "const char *path" "mode_t mode"
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52.Sh DESCRIPTION
53The directory
54.Fa path
55is created with the access permissions specified by
56.Fa mode
57and restricted by the
58.Xr umask 2
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59of the calling process. See
60.Xr chmod 2
61for the possible permission bit masks for
62.Fa mode .
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63.Pp
64The directory's owner ID is set to the process's effective user ID.
65The directory's group ID is set to that of the parent directory in
66which it is created.
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67.Pp
68Note: the behavior of
69.Fn mkdir
70is undefined when mode bits other than the low 9 bits are used. Use
71.Xr chmod 2
72after
73.Fn mkdir
74to explicitly set the other bits (See example below).
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75.Pp
76The
77.Fn mkdirat
78system call is equivalent to
79.Fn mkdir
80except in the case where
81.Fa path
82specifies a relative path.
83In this case the newly created directory is created relative to the
84directory associated with the file descriptor
85.Fa fd
86instead of the current working directory.
87If
88.Fn mkdirat
89is passed the special value
90.Dv AT_FDCWD
91in the
92.Fa fd
93parameter, the current working directory is used and the behavior is
94identical to a call to
95.Fn mkdir .
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96.Sh RETURN VALUES
97A 0 return value indicates success. A -1 return value
98indicates an error, and an error code is stored in
99.Va errno .
100.Sh ERRORS
101.Fn Mkdir
102will fail and no directory will be created if:
103.Bl -tag -width Er
2d21ac55 104.\" ==========
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105.It Bq Er EACCES
106Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
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107.\" ==========
108.It Bq Er EACCES
109Write permission is denied for the parent directory.
110.\" ==========
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111.It Bq Er EDQUOT
112The new directory cannot be created because the user's
113quota of disk blocks on the file system that will
114contain the directory has been exhausted.
2d21ac55 115.\" ==========
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116.It Bq Er EDQUOT
117The user's quota of inodes on the file system on
118which the directory is being created has been exhausted.
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119.\" ==========
120.It Bq Er EEXIST
121The named file exists.
122.\" ==========
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123.It Bq Er EFAULT
124.Fa Path
125points outside the process's allocated address space.
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126.\" ==========
127.It Bq Er EIO
128An I/O error occurred while making the directory entry
129or allocating the inode.
130.\" ==========
131.It Bq Er EIO
132An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
133.\" ==========
134.It Bq Er ELOOP
135Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
136This is taken to be indicative of a looping symbolic link.
137.\" ==========
138.It Bq Er EMLINK
139The parent directory already has {LINK_MAX} links.
140.\" ==========
141.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
142A component of a pathname exceeded
143.Dv {NAME_MAX}
144characters, or an entire path name exceeded
145.Dv {PATH_MAX}
146characters.
147.\" ==========
148.It Bq Er ENOENT
149A component of the path prefix does not exist
150or path is an empty string.
151.It Bq Er ENOSPC
152The new directory cannot be created because there is no space left
153on the file system that would contain it.
154.\" ==========
155.It Bq Er ENOSPC
156There are no free inodes on the file system on which the
157directory is being created.
158.\" ==========
159.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
160A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
161.\" ==========
162.It Bq Er EROFS
163The parent directory resides on a read-only file system.
9bccf70c 164.El
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165.Pp
166In addition to the errors returned by the
167.Fn mkdir ,
168the
169.Fn mkdirat
170function may fail if:
171.Bl -tag -width Er
172.It Bq Er EBADF
173The
174.Fa path
175argument does not specify an absolute path and the
176.Fa fd
177argument is neither
178.Dv AT_FDCWD
179nor a valid file descriptor open for searching.
180.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
181The
182.Fa path
183argument is not an absolute path and
184.Fa fd
185is neither
186.Dv AT_FDCWD
187nor a file descriptor associated with a directory.
188.El
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189.Sh EXAMPLE
190.Bd -literal -offset indent
191
192int main (int argc, const char * argv[])
193{
194 /* The behavior of mkdir is undefined for anything other than the "permission" bits */
195 if (mkdir("/tmp/blah", 0777))
196 perror("/tmp/blah");
197
198 /* So we need to set the sticky/executable bits explicitly with chmod after calling mkdir */
199 if (chmod("/tmp/blah", 07777))
200 perror("/tmp/blah");
201}
202
203.Ed
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204.Sh LEGACY SYNOPSIS
205.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
206.Fd #include <sys/stat.h>
207.Pp
208The include file
209.In sys/types.h
210is necessary.
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211.Sh SEE ALSO
212.Xr chmod 2 ,
213.Xr stat 2 ,
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214.Xr umask 2 ,
215.Xr compat 5
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216.Sh STANDARDS
217The
218.Fn mkdir
219function conforms to
220.St -p1003.1-88 .
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221The
222.Fn mkdirat
223system call is expected to conform to POSIX.1-2008 .
224.Sh HISTORY
225The
226.Fn mkdirat
227system call appeared in OS X 10.10