X-Git-Url: https://git.saurik.com/apple/system_cmds.git/blobdiff_plain/1815bff58803503e37009deeb85cfa8c22acf9d9..d1ccfde8e7580e81fbe4bd45dc2621b45a9f2e6f:/zic.tproj/datfiles/asia

diff --git a/zic.tproj/datfiles/asia b/zic.tproj/datfiles/asia
index f921fb0..59e62dd 100644
--- a/zic.tproj/datfiles/asia
+++ b/zic.tproj/datfiles/asia
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
-#	$OpenBSD: asia,v 1.5 1997/01/14 04:36:48 millert Exp $
-# @(#)asia	7.27
+# @(#)asia	7.90
+# <pre>
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
 #
-# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
+# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
@@ -26,28 +25,30 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
 # Corrections are welcome!
-#		std dst
-#		LMT	Local Mean Time
-#	2:00	EET EEST Eastern European Time
-#	2:00	IST IDT	Israel
-#	3:00	AST ADT	Arabia*
-#	4:00	GST	Gulf*
-#	5:30	IST	India
-#	7:00	ICT	Indochina*
-#	8:00	CST	China
-#	9:00	JST	Japan
-#	9:00	KST	Korea
-#	9:30	CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
+#	     std  dst
+#	     LMT	Local Mean Time
+#	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
+#	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
+#	3:00 AST  ADT	Arabia*
+#	3:30 IRST IRDT	Iran
+#	4:00 GST	Gulf*
+#	5:30 IST	India
+#	7:00 ICT	Indochina*
+#	7:00 WIT	west Indonesia
+#	8:00 CIT	central Indonesia
+#	8:00 CST	China
+#	9:00 CJT	Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
+#	9:00 EIT	east Indonesia
+#	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
+#	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea
+#	9:30 CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
 #
 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
-#
-# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
@@ -81,42 +82,49 @@ Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
 			4:30	-	AFT
 
 # Armenia
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-04):
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
 # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991,
-# but usno1995 has Armenia at 4:00 (with DST), and Edgar Der-Danieliantz
-# <edd@AIC.NET> reported today that Yerevan probably won't use DST this year,
-# though it did use DST in 1995.  We guess Yerevan stayed in sync with Moscow
-# between 1990 and 1995, but stopped using DST in 1996.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Armenia	1991	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Armenia	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+# then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997.
+# Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
+# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
+# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
+# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
+# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	YERT	1957 Mar    # Yerevan Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	YERST	1991 Sep 23 # independence
-			3:00	Armenia	AM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Armenia Time
-			4:00	Armenia	AM%sT
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT	1995 Sep 24 2:00s
+			4:00	-	AMT	1997
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	AM%sT
 
 # Azerbaijan
+# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
+# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
+# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Azer	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			3:00	-	BAKT	1957 Mar    # Baku Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	BAKST	1991 Aug 30 # independence
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	AZ%sT	1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
 			4:00	-	AZT	1996 # Azerbaijan time
-			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT
+			4:00	EUAsia	AZ%sT	1997
+			4:00	Azer	AZ%sT
 
 # Bahrain
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al-Manamah
+Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920		# Al Manamah
 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Bangladesh
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Dacca	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
+Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
@@ -126,14 +134,20 @@ Zone	Asia/Dacca	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
 
 # Bhutan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Thimbu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15
+Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
 			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
 			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
 
 # British Indian Ocean Territory
-# From Whitman:
+# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
+# 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
+# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
+# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
+# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Chagos	5:00	-	IOT	# BIOT Time
+Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
+			5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time
+			6:00	-	IOT
 
 # Brunei
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -157,7 +171,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
-# People's Republic of China
+# China
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
@@ -167,7 +181,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
-# the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
+# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
 #
 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
 # painful to suck in another copy..  So, here is what I have for
@@ -180,64 +194,53 @@ Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 # CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
 # CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1,
 # observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
 # Go with Shanks for now.  I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones.
 
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	PRC	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
 Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
 Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928
-			8:30	-	HART	1932 Mar # Harbin Time
+#
+# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
+# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
+# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
+# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949):
+# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
+Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928 # or Haerbin
+			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
 			8:00	-	CST	1940
-			9:00	-	HART	1966 May
-			8:30	-	HART	1980 May
+			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
+			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
 Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:52	-	LMT	1928
 			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-Zone	Asia/Chungking	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928
-			7:00	-	CHUT	1980 May # Chungking Time
+# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
+Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Chungking
+			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
+# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
+Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928 # or Urumchi
 			6:00	-	URUT	1980 May # Urumqi Time
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928
+# Kunlun Time
+Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
 			5:30	-	KAST	1940	 # Kashgar Time
 			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
-###############################################################################
-
-# Republic of China
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896
-			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
-
-###############################################################################
-# Hong Kong
+# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
@@ -256,28 +259,52 @@ Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
 Rule	HK	1979	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:36 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
-			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1997 Jul  1 # return to China
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
+			8:00	HK	HK%sT
+
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Taiwan
+
+# Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
+# was still controlled by Japan.  This is hard to believe, but we don't
+# have any other information.
+
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1945	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Jun	30	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Taiwan	1980	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
+			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
 
-# Macao
+# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Macao	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	Macao	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
-Rule	Macao	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Macao	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	Macao	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Macao	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Macao	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	Macao	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
-Rule	Macao	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Macao	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Macao	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
-Rule	Macao	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	Macao	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Macao	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Macao	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
-			8:00	Macao	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
+Rule	Macau	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	Macau	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
+Rule	Macau	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Macau	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
+Rule	Macau	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Macau	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Macau	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
+Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
+Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912
+			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 
@@ -292,23 +319,50 @@ Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cyprus	1979	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cyprus	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
-			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT
+			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
+			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
+# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
+
+# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
+# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
+Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 
 # Georgia
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-11-19):
+# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
 #
-# From Mathew Englander <mathew@io.org>, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
+# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
+#
+# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
+#
+# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday...  The former Soviet
+# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
+# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
+# ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
+# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
+# of integration into Europe.
+
+# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
+# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
+# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
+# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
+# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
+# about it.  As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
+# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
+# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
+# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
+
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
 			2:59:16	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
@@ -318,11 +372,45 @@ Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
 			3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT	1992 # Georgia Time
 			3:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1994 Sep lastSun
 			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	1996 Oct lastSun
-			5:00	-	GET
+			4:00	1:00	GEST	1997 Mar lastSun
+			4:00 E-EurAsia	GE%sT	2004 Jun 27
+			3:00 RussiaAsia	GE%sT	2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
+			4:00	-	GET
+
+# East Timor
+
+# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
+# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
+# East Timor may be late for its millennium
+# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
+# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
+# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
+# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
+# conflicts with their way of life.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
+# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
+# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
+
+# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
+# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
+# (2000-08-16)</a>:
+# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
+# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
+# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
+# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
+
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
+			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
+			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
+			8:00	-	CIT	2000 Sep 17 00:00
+			9:00	-	TLT
 
 # India
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
+Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880	# Kolkata
 			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
@@ -334,106 +422,177 @@ Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
 #	Nicobar Is
 
 # Indonesia
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks:
+# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
+# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
+# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
+# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
-			7:07:12	-	JMT	1924 Jan  1 0:13 # Jakarta MT
+# Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
+# but this must be a typo.
+			7:07:12	-	JMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
 			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
-			7:30	-	JAVT	1942 Mar 23
+			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Mar 23
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
+			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
+			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
+			7:30	-	WIT	1964
+			7:00	-	WIT
+Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
+			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
+			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Jan 29
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
-			7:30	-	JAVT	1948 May
-			8:00	-	JAVT	1950 May
-			7:30	-	JAVT	1964
-			7:00	-	JAVT
-Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
+			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
+			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
+			7:30	-	WIT	1964
+			8:00	-	CIT	1988 Jan  1
+			7:00	-	WIT
+Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
-			8:00	-	BORT	1942 Feb  9 # Borneo Time
+			8:00	-	CIT	1942 Feb  9
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
-			8:00	-	BORT
+			8:00	-	CIT
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
-			9:00	-	JAYT	1944	    # Jayapura Time
+			9:00	-	EIT	1944
 			9:30	-	CST	1964
-			9:00	-	JAYT
+			9:00	-	EIT
 
 # Iran
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-12-17), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
-# Ahmad Alavi <URL:http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt>
-# (1993-08-04) writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day
-# of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.''  This disagrees with the SSIM:
-#
-#		   DST start	   DST end
-#	year	SSIM	Alavi	SSIM	Alavi
-#	1991	05-03!=	03-21	09-20!=	09-23
-#	1992	03-22!=	03-21	09-23	09-23
-#	1993	03-21	03-21	09-23	09-23
-#	1994	03-21	03-21	09-22!= 09-23
-#	1995	03-21	03-21	09-22!= 09-23
-#	1996	03-21!=	03-20	09-21!= 09-22
-#	1997	03-21	03-21	09-21!= 09-23
-#
-# Go with Alavi starting with 1992.
-# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates.
-# The Persian calendar is based on the sun, and dates after around 2050
-# are approximate; stop after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
+
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
+# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
+# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
+#
+#	Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
+#	No. 16760/T233 H				1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
+#
+#	The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
+#
+#	The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
+#	based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
+#	of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
+#	and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
+#	and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
+#	for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
+#
+#	The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
+#	at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
+#	to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
+#	Shahrivar.
+#
+#	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
+#
+# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
+# for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
+# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
+# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
+# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
+# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
+#
+# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
+# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
+# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
+# leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
+# plan to change that law....
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-05):
+# Go with Shanks before September 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
+# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
+# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
+# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
+# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
+#
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
+# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
+# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
+# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
+# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
+# known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
+# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
+# no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
+# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
+# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
+# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
+# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
+# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
 #
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	Sep	20	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2005	2007	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2005	2007	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2024	2025	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2024	2025	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2026	2027	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2026	2027	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2005	2007	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2005	2007	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
 			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946	# Tehran Mean Time
-			3:30	-	IRT	1977 Nov
+			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
 			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
 			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
 
+
 # Iraq
+#
+# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
+# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
+# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
+# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
+# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
+#
+# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
+# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
+# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
+# to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
+# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
+#
+# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
@@ -442,8 +601,9 @@ Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
 Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
+# Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this.
 Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	D
+Rule	Iraq	1991	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918	    # Baghdad Mean Time?
@@ -455,16 +615,27 @@ Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
 
 # Israel
 
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# ISRAEL              2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
-# ISRAEL              3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 10 - SEP 3
-
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
+# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
+#
+# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988.  Until then there were three
+# different abbreviations in use:
+#
+# JST  Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
+# IZT  Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
+# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
+#
+# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
+# I ruled out JST.  As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
+# EEST was equally unacceptable.  Since "zonal" was not compatible with
+# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
+# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
+# settings in Israeli computers.
 #
-# Shanks gives the following rules for Jerusalem from 1918 through 1991.
-# After 1989 Shanks often disagrees with Silverberg; we go with Silverberg.
+# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
+# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
+# family is from India).
 
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
@@ -507,22 +678,32 @@ Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
-# From Ephraim Silverberg (1996-01-02):
-#
+# From Ephraim Silverberg
+# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
+# and 2005-02-17):
+
 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
-# Each year they decide anew what havoc to wreak on the country.  However,
-# there is a "supposed" set of rules which is subject to change depending
-# on the party the Minister of Interior, the size of the coalition
-# government, the phase of the moon and the direction of the wind.  Hence,
-# changes may need to be made on a semi-annual basis.  One thing is entrenched
-# in law, however: that there must be at least 150 days of daylight savings
-# time annually.  Ever since 1993, the change to daylight savings time has
-# been from midnight Thursday night to 1 a.m. Friday morning and the change
-# back to standard time on Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time
-# to 11 p.m. standard time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the
-# change back to standard time takes place on Sunday night instead of Saturday
-# night to avoid conflicts with the Jewish New Year.
+# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
+# days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
+# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
+# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
+# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
+# time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
+# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
+# conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
+# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
+# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
+# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
+# 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
+# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
+# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
+# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
+# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
+# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
+# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
+# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
+# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -538,34 +719,131 @@ Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
 
 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
-# calling the switchboard at 972-2-701411 and asking for the spokeswoman.
+# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
 
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+# Rule	NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
-# The dates for 1996-1998 were also obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman
-# for the Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The official announcement
-# can be viewed (in Hebrew) at the following URL:
+# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
+# time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
+# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
+#
+#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
 #
-#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/misc/timezones/announcements/1996-1998.ps.gz
+# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
 #
-# Caveat emptor: The dates for the years 1996-1998 were originally announced
-# on 1995-08-31, by the previous Minister of Interior.  The new Minister
-# of Interior changed the dates on 1996-01-01, to take into account the
-# desires of certain portions of Israeli society (the next election is in the
-# Fall of 1996).  After this (1996) year's Daylight Savings Time is over, the
-# new minister has announced that a study will be conducted as to the wishes of
-# the populace regarding the length of Daylight Savings Time and the Interior
-# Committee will meet to review the results of the study and make any necessary
-# changes to the 1997-1998 dates.  Never a dull moment in the State of Israel.
+# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
+#
+#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
+#
+#       where YYYY is the relevant year.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	1996	1998	-	Mar	Fri>=14	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1997	1998	-	Oct	Sun>=14	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
+
+# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
+# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
+# years 2001-2004 as well.
+#
+# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
+#
+#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
+#
+# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
+# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
+#
+#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
+
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
+
+# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
+# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
+# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
+# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
+# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
+#
+# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
+#
+#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
+# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
+# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
+# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
+# to generate the transitions in this list.
+# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
+# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
+#
+# Rule	Zion	2005	max	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
+#
+# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
+# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
+# springtime transitions explicitly.
+
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2006	2010	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2012	2015	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2013	only	-	Sep	 8	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2014	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2015	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2017	2021	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2017	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2018	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2019	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2020	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2021	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2023	2032	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2023	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2024	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2025	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2026	only	-	Sep	20	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2027	only	-	Oct	10	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2028	only	-	Sep	24	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2029	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2030	only	-	Oct	 6	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2031	only	-	Sep	21	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2032	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2034	2037	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2034	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2035	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2036	only	-	Sep	28	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2037	only	-	Sep	13	2:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
@@ -573,109 +851,248 @@ Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
 
 
+
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Japan
 
 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-03-06):
+# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
+
+# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
+# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
+# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
+# [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
+# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
+# deep hatred of the concept....  The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
+# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
+# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed.  (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
+# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
+# wanted to keep it.)
+
 # Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-#Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-#Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	2:00	0	S
-#Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-#Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-# but the only locations using it were US military bases.
-# We go with Shanks and omit daylight saving in those years for Asia/Tokyo.
+Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	2:00	0	S
+Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
+# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
+# Shanks's audience is astrologers) were US military bases.  For now, assume
+# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
+# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
+
+# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
+# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
+# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
+# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
+# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
+# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
+# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
+
+# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
+# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
+# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
+# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
+# standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
+# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree....  But "western standard
+# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
+# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
+# standard....
+#
+# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
+# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
+
+# Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki)
+# use +0800; go with Suzuki.  Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:19:04	-	LMT	1896
-			9:00	-	JST
-Zone	Asia/Ishigaki	8:16:36	-	LMT	1896
-			8:00	-	CST
-# There is no information for Marcus.
-# Other Japanese possessions are probably like Asia/Tokyo.
+Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
+			9:00	-	JST	1896
+			9:00	-	CJT	1938
+			9:00	Japan	J%sT
+# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
 
 # Jordan
+#
+# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
+# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
+# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
+# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
+# all year round.
+#
+# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
+# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
+# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
+# by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
+# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
+# government's departments from six to seven hours.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
+# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
+#
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule    Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule    Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule    Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule    Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule    Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule    Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule    Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule    Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule    Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1993	max	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule    Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule    Jordan	1995	max	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastThu	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	2000	max	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Jordan	2005	max	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
 
+
 # Kazakhstan
+
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# Andrew Evtichov <evti@chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
+# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-10-18):
+# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
+# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
+# Go with Shanks, who has them always using RussiaAsia rules.
+# Also go with the following claims of Shanks:
+#
+# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
+# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
+# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
+
+# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
+# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
+# </a>
+# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
+# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
+# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
+#
+# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
+# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
+# was "blended" with the Central zone.  Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
+# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour.  The zone
+# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
+# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
+# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan.  The other zone encompasses
+# everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
+# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
+
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Alma-Ata	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Almaty
-			5:00	-	ALMT	1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time
-			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	ALMST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			5:00	-	ALMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			6:00 E-EurAsia	ALM%sT
+#
+# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
+Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
+			5:00	-	ALMT	1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
+			6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT	1991
+			6:00	-	ALMT	1992
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	ALM%sT	2005 Mar 15
+			6:00	-	ALMT
+# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
+Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
+			4:00	-	KIZT	1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
+			5:00	-	KIZT	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	KIZST	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	KIZT	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	KIZ%sT	1991
+			5:00	-	KIZT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
+			5:00	-	QYZT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
+			6:00 RussiaAsia	QYZ%sT	2005 Mar 15
+			6:00	-	QYZT
+# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
 Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	AKT	1957 Mar # Aktyubinsk Time
-			5:00 RussiaAsia AK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			4:00	1:00	AKTST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			4:00	-	AQTT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtobe Time
-			5:00 E-EurAsia	AQT%sT
-Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Aktau
-			4:00	-	SHET	1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko Time
-			5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			4:00	1:00	AQTST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			4:00	-	AQTT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtau Time
-			5:00 E-EurAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Sep lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	AQT%sT
-
-# Kirgizstan
+			4:00	-	AKTT	1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
+			5:00	-	AKTT	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	AKTST	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	AKTT	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	AKT%sT	1991
+			5:00	-	AKTT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
+			5:00	-	AQTT
+# Mangghystau
+# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
+# so include time stamps before 1963.
+Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
+			4:00	-	FORT	1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
+			5:00	-	FORT	1963
+			5:00	-	SHET	1981 Oct  1 # Shevchenko Time
+			6:00	-	SHET	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	SHE%sT	1991
+			5:00	-	SHET	1991 Dec 16 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	AQT%sT	2005 Mar 15
+			5:00	-	AQTT
+# West Kazakhstan
+Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
+			4:00	-	URAT	1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
+			5:00	-	URAT	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	URAST	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00	-	URAT	1982 Apr  1
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1989 Mar 26 2:00
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	URA%sT	1991
+			4:00	-	URAT	1991 Dec 16 # independence
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	ORA%sT	2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
+			5:00	-	ORAT
+
+# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
+# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
+# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
+# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
+# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
+# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
+# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
+# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
+# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Kirgiz	1992	max	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Kirgiz	1991	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
+Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	FRUT	1957 Mar    # Frunze Time
+			5:00	-	FRUT	1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 # independence
-			5:00	Kirgiz	KG%sT		    # Kirgizstan Time
+			5:00	1:00	FRUST	1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
+			5:00	Kyrgyz	KG%sT	2005 Aug 12    # Kyrgyzstan Time
+			6:00	-	KGT
 
 ###############################################################################
 
-# Korea
+# Korea (North and South)
 
 # From Guy Harris:
 # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco,
 # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987.  He did not know
 # at what time of day DST starts or ends.
 
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	ROK	1960	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
@@ -708,7 +1125,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
 
 # Laos
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
+Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9 # or Viangchan
 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
 			7:00	-	ICT	1912 May
 			8:00	-	ICT	1931 May
@@ -738,29 +1155,40 @@ Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
 
 # Malaysia
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS
+Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS # one-Third Summer
 Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
+#
+# peninsular Malaysia
+# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:48 -	LMT	1880
-			6:55:24	-	SMT	1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
-			7:00	-	MALT	1933	 # Malaya Time
-			7:20	-	MALT	1942 Feb 15
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 2
-			7:20	-	MALT	1950
-			7:30	-	MALT	1982 May
+Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
+			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
+			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
+			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
+			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
+			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
+			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
+# Sabah & Sarawak
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-11-01):
+# The data here are mostly from Shanks, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
+# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
 			7:30	-	BORT	1933	# Borneo Time
-			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 2
-			8:00	-	BORT	1982 May
+			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
+			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
 			8:00	-	MYT
 
 # Maldives
@@ -770,29 +1198,103 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	# Male
 			5:00	-	MVT		# Maldives Time
 
 # Mongolia
-# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and
-# <URL:http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif> (1995)
+
+# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map
+# Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01)
 # both say that it has just one.
-# Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones
-# till we know what their principal towns are.
+
+# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
+# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
+# General Information Mongolia
+# </a> (1999-09)
+# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
+# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
+# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
+# eight hours."
+
+# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
+# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
+# being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
+# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
+# of implementation may have been different....
+# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
+# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
+# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
+# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
+# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
+# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
+# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
+# is good enough for our purposes.
+
+# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
+# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
+# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
+# there are three time zones.
+#
+# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
+# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
+#	Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
+# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
+#
+# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
+
+# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
+# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
+# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
+# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
+# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
+# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
+# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
+# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
+# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
+# Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
+# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
+# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
+# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
+# He also found
+# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
+# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
+# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
+# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
+# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
+# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
+# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
+# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1985	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Mongol	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Mongol	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1996	max	-	Oct	Fri>=22	0:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-#Zone	Asia/Dariv	6:14:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-#			6:00	-	DART	1978	# Dariv Time
-#			7:00	Mongol	DAR%sT
-Zone	Asia/Ulan_Bator	7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulan Bator Time
+Rule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
+# IATA SSIM says 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, but Shanks (1995) lists
+# them at 02:00s, and McDow says the 2001 switches also occurred at 02:00.
+# Also, IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks through 1998.
+Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
+# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
+Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	2001	max	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
+Rule	Mongol	2002	max	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
+
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
+Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
+			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
+			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
+# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
+Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
+			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
-#Zone Asia/Baruun-Urt	7:33:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-#			8:00	-	BART	1978	# Baruun-Urt Time
-#			9:00	Mongol	BAR%sT
+# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
+# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
+Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
+			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
+			8:00	-	ULAT	1983 Apr
+			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	# Choibalsan Time
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -806,16 +1308,132 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:20 -	LMT	1920
 			4:00	-	GST
 
 # Pakistan
+
+# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
+# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
+# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
+# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002.  This is what I was
+# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
+# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
+# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
+# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
+# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
+# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
+# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
+# 15th October each year".  This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
+# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
+# it's not on a trial basis.  Also, the "between the first Saturday
+# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
+# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
+# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
+# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow for now.
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
+# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
+# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
+#
+# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
+# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
+# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
+# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
+#
+# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
+# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
+
+
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
+Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
 			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
 			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
-			5:00	-	PKT	# Pakistan Time
+			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
 
 # Palestine
-# These rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
+
+# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
+#
+# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
+# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
+# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
+#
+# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
+# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
+# time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
+# though.
+#
+# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
+# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
+# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
+# Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
+# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
+# East Jerusalem.
+#
+# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
+# for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
+# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
+# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
+# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
+#
+# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
+# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
+# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
+# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
+# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
+# Jordanian one).
+#
+# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
+#
+# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
+# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
+# Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
+# West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
+# Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
+#
+# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
+# have one).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25):
+# Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go
+# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
+# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
+# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
+# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
+# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
+# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
+# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
+# to Palestine's rules.  If you have more info about this, please
+# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
+
+# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
+# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
+#
+# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
+# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
+# one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
+# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
+# Daoud Kuttab writes in
+# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
+# Holiday havoc
+# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
+# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
+# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
+# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
+# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
+# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
+
+# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
@@ -823,17 +1441,28 @@ Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
 Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
 Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
+
+Rule Palestine	1999	max	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule Palestine	1999	2003	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
+Rule Palestine	2004	only	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	-
+Rule Palestine	2005	max	-	Oct	 4	1:00	0	-
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
-			2:00	-	EET	1957 May 10
-			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun 30
-			2:00	Zion	I%sT
+			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
+			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
+			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
+			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
+			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
 
 # Paracel Is
 # no information
 
 # Philippines
-# Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
+# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
+# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
+# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01.  Robert H. van Gent has a
+# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -843,7 +1472,7 @@ Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844
+Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
 			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
 			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
@@ -851,7 +1480,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844
 
 # Qatar
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920		# Al Dawhah
+Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920	# Al Dawhah / Doha
 			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
 			3:00	-	AST
 
@@ -861,15 +1490,18 @@ Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1950
 			3:00	-	AST
 
 # Singapore
+# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
+# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:24 -	LMT	1880
-			6:55:24	-	SMT	1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time
-			7:00	-	MALT	1933	 # Malaya Time
-			7:20	-	MALT	1942 Feb 15
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
-			7:20	-	MALT	1950
+Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
+			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
+			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
+			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
+			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
+			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
 			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
-			7:30	-	SGT	1982 May # Singapore Time
+			7:30	-	SGT	1982 Jan  1 # Singapore Time
 			8:00	-	SGT
 
 # Spratly Is
@@ -877,19 +1509,29 @@ Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:24 -	LMT	1880
 
 # Sri Lanka
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# <URL:http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html> (1996-05-24)
+# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
+# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
+# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
-# Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1991).
+#
+# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
+# by Shamindra in
+# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
+# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
+# </a>:
+# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
+# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
-			5:20	-	CEYT	1906	# Ceylon Time
+			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906	# Moratuwa Mean Time
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Jan  5
 			5:30	0:30	IHST	1942 Sep
 			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 16 2:00
 			5:30	-	IST	1996 May 25 0:00
-			6:30	-	LKT	# Sri Lanka Time
+			6:30	-	LKT	1996 Oct 26 0:30
+			6:00	-	LKT
 
 # Syria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -921,20 +1563,25 @@ Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
-# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1997-03-31; assume that it should be 1997-04-01.
-Rule	Syria	1994	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
+# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
+# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
+# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks.
+Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Syria	1994	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Syria	1999	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920
+Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920	# Dimashq
 			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
 
 # Tajikistan
+# From Shanks.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	DUST	1957 Mar    # Dushanbe Time
+			5:00	-	DUST	1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 # independence
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	TJ%sT	1992
+			5:00	1:00	DUSST	1991 Sep  9 2:00s
 			5:00	-	TJT		    # Tajikistan Time
 
 # Thailand
@@ -944,14 +1591,14 @@ Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
 			7:00	-	ICT
 
 # Turkmenistan
+# From Shanks.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Ashkhabad	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashgabat
-			4:00	-	ASHT	1957 Mar    # Ashkhabad Time
-			5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			4:00	1:00	ASHST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			4:00	-	ASHT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
-			4:00	-	TMT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-			5:00	-	TMT	# Turkmenistan Time
+Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
+			4:00	-	ASHT	1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
+			4:00 RussiaAsia	ASH%sT	1991 Oct 27 # independence
+			4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00
+			5:00	-	TMT
 
 # United Arab Emirates
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -960,23 +1607,28 @@ Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
 
 # Uzbekistan
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
+			4:00	-	SAMT	1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
+			5:00	-	SAMT	1981 Apr  1
+			5:00	1:00	SAMST	1981 Oct  1
+			6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1993
+			5:00	-	UZT
 Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	TAST	1957 Mar    # Tashkent Time
+			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	TASST	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
-			5:00	-	UZT		    # Uzbekistan Time
-# Shanks has Tashkent using DST after 1991, but usno1995 says they don't.
-# Guess no DST after 1991.
-# <URL:http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif> (1995)
-# says that Uzbekistan has two time zones, but a cable
-# <URL:http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/cables/960510uz.html> (1996-05-10)
-# from the American Embassy in Tashkent implies that they have just one.
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
+			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1993
+			5:00	-	UZT
 
 # Vietnam
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
+# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
 # Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long.
 # We'll stick with the traditional name for now.
-# From Shanks (1991):
+# From Shanks:
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Saigon	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jun  9
 			7:06:20	-	SMT	1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?