[apple/mdnsresponder.git] / mDNSPosix / mDNSPosix.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2002-2003 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 * 
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
 * file.
 * 
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 * 
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 *
 * Formatting notes:
 * This code follows the "Whitesmiths style" C indentation rules. Plenty of discussion
 * on C indentation can be found on the web, such as <http://www.kafejo.com/komp/1tbs.htm>,
 * but for the sake of brevity here I will say just this: Curly braces are not syntactially
 * part of an "if" statement; they are the beginning and ending markers of a compound statement;
 * therefore common sense dictates that if they are part of a compound statement then they
 * should be indented to the same level as everything else in that compound statement.
 * Indenting curly braces at the same level as the "if" implies that curly braces are
 * part of the "if", which is false. (This is as misleading as people who write "char* x,y;"
 * thinking that variables x and y are both of type "char*" -- and anyone who doesn't
 * understand why variable y is not of type "char*" just proves the point that poor code
 * layout leads people to unfortunate misunderstandings about how the C language really works.)

        Change History (most recent first):

$Log: mDNSPosix.c,v $
Revision 1.25  2003/10/30 19:25:49  cheshire
Fix signed/unsigned warning on certain compilers

Revision 1.24  2003/08/18 23:12:23  cheshire
<rdar://problem/3382647> mDNSResponder divide by zero in mDNSPlatformTimeNow()

Revision 1.23  2003/08/12 19:56:26  cheshire
Update to APSL 2.0

Revision 1.22  2003/08/06 18:46:15  cheshire
LogMsg() errors are serious -- always report them to stderr, regardless of debugging level

Revision 1.21  2003/08/06 18:20:51  cheshire
Makefile cleanup

Revision 1.20  2003/08/05 23:56:26  cheshire
Update code to compile with the new mDNSCoreReceive() function that requires a TTL
(Right now mDNSPosix.c just reports 255 -- we should fix this)

Revision 1.19  2003/07/19 03:15:16  cheshire
Add generic MemAllocate/MemFree prototypes to mDNSPlatformFunctions.h,
and add the obvious trivial implementations to each platform support layer

Revision 1.18  2003/07/14 18:11:54  cheshire
Fix stricter compiler warnings

Revision 1.17  2003/07/13 01:08:38  cheshire
There's not much point running mDNS over a point-to-point link; exclude those

Revision 1.16  2003/07/02 21:19:59  cheshire
<rdar://problem/3313413> Update copyright notices, etc., in source code comments

Revision 1.15  2003/06/18 05:48:41  cheshire
Fix warnings

Revision 1.14  2003/05/26 03:21:30  cheshire
Tidy up address structure naming:
mDNSIPAddr         => mDNSv4Addr (for consistency with mDNSv6Addr)
mDNSAddr.addr.ipv4 => mDNSAddr.ip.v4
mDNSAddr.addr.ipv6 => mDNSAddr.ip.v6

Revision 1.13  2003/05/26 03:01:28  cheshire
<rdar://problem/3268904> sprintf/vsprintf-style functions are unsafe; use snprintf/vsnprintf instead

Revision 1.12  2003/05/21 03:49:18  cheshire
Fix warning

Revision 1.11  2003/05/06 00:00:50  cheshire
<rdar://problem/3248914> Rationalize naming of domainname manipulation functions

Revision 1.10  2003/04/25 01:45:57  cheshire
<rdar://problem/3240002> mDNS_RegisterNoSuchService needs to include a host name

Revision 1.9  2003/03/20 21:10:31  cheshire
Fixes done at IETF 56 to make mDNSProxyResponderPosix run on Solaris

Revision 1.8  2003/03/15 04:40:38  cheshire
Change type called "mDNSOpaqueID" to the more descriptive name "mDNSInterfaceID"

Revision 1.7  2003/03/13 03:46:21  cheshire
Fixes to make the code build on Linux

Revision 1.6  2003/03/08 00:35:56  cheshire
Switched to using new "mDNS_Execute" model (see "mDNSCore/Implementer Notes.txt")

Revision 1.5  2002/12/23 22:13:31  jgraessl
Reviewed by: Stuart Cheshire
Initial IPv6 support for mDNSResponder.

Revision 1.4  2002/09/27 01:47:45  cheshire
Workaround for Linux 2.0 systems that don't have IP_PKTINFO

Revision 1.3  2002/09/21 20:44:53  zarzycki
Added APSL info

Revision 1.2  2002/09/19 21:25:36  cheshire
mDNS_snprintf() doesn't need to be in a separate file

Revision 1.1  2002/09/17 06:24:34  cheshire
First checkin
*/

#include "mDNSClientAPI.h"           // Defines the interface provided to the client layer above
#include "mDNSPlatformFunctions.h"   // Defines the interface to the supporting layer below
#include "mDNSPosix.h"                           // Defines the specific types needed to run mDNS on this platform

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

#include "mDNSUNP.h"

// ***************************************************************************
// Structures

// PosixNetworkInterface is a record extension of the core NetworkInterfaceInfo
// type that supports extra fields needed by the Posix platform.
//
// IMPORTANT: coreIntf must be the first field in the structure because
// we cast between pointers to the two different types regularly.

typedef struct PosixNetworkInterface PosixNetworkInterface;

struct PosixNetworkInterface
        {
        NetworkInterfaceInfo    coreIntf;
        const char *            intfName;
        PosixNetworkInterface * aliasIntf;
        int                     index;
        int                     multicastSocket;
        int                     multicastSocketv6;
        };

// ***************************************************************************
// Globals (for debugging)

static int num_registered_interfaces = 0;
static int num_pkts_accepted = 0;
static int num_pkts_rejected = 0;

// ***************************************************************************
// Functions

int gMDNSPlatformPosixVerboseLevel = 0;

// Note, this uses mDNS_vsnprintf instead of standard "vsnprintf", because mDNS_vsnprintf knows
// how to print special data types like IP addresses and length-prefixed domain names
mDNSexport void debugf_(const char *format, ...)
        {
        unsigned char buffer[512];
        va_list ptr;
        va_start(ptr,format);
        buffer[mDNS_vsnprintf((char *)buffer, sizeof(buffer), format, ptr)] = 0;
        va_end(ptr);
        if (gMDNSPlatformPosixVerboseLevel >= 1)
                fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buffer);
        fflush(stderr);
        }

mDNSexport void verbosedebugf_(const char *format, ...)
        {
        unsigned char buffer[512];
        va_list ptr;
        va_start(ptr,format);
        buffer[mDNS_vsnprintf((char *)buffer, sizeof(buffer), format, ptr)] = 0;
        va_end(ptr);
        if (gMDNSPlatformPosixVerboseLevel >= 2)
                fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buffer);
        fflush(stderr);
        }

mDNSexport void LogMsg(const char *format, ...)
        {
        unsigned char buffer[512];
        va_list ptr;
        va_start(ptr,format);
        buffer[mDNS_vsnprintf((char *)buffer, sizeof(buffer), format, ptr)] = 0;
        va_end(ptr);
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", buffer);
        fflush(stderr);
        }

#define PosixErrorToStatus(errNum) ((errNum) == 0 ? mStatus_NoError : mStatus_UnknownErr)

static void SockAddrTomDNSAddr(const struct sockaddr *const sa, mDNSAddr *ipAddr, mDNSIPPort *ipPort)
        {
        switch (sa->sa_family)
                {
                case AF_INET:
                        {
                        struct sockaddr_in* sin          = (struct sockaddr_in*)sa;
                        ipAddr->type                     = mDNSAddrType_IPv4;
                        ipAddr->ip.v4.NotAnInteger       = sin->sin_addr.s_addr;
                        if (ipPort) ipPort->NotAnInteger = sin->sin_port;
                        break;
                        }

#ifdef mDNSIPv6Support
                case AF_INET6:
                        {
                        struct sockaddr_in6* sin6        = (struct sockaddr_in6*)sa;
                        assert(sin6->sin6_len == sizeof(*sin6));
                        ipAddr->type                     = mDNSAddrType_IPv6;
                        ipAddr->ip.v6                    = *(mDNSv6Addr*)&sin6->sin6_addr;
                        if (ipPort) ipPort->NotAnInteger = sin6->sin6_port;
                        break;
                        }
#endif

                default:
                        verbosedebugf("SockAddrTomDNSAddr: Uknown address family %d\n", sa->sa_family);
                        ipAddr->type = mDNSAddrType_None;
                        if (ipPort) ipPort->NotAnInteger = 0;
                        break;
                }
        }

#if COMPILER_LIKES_PRAGMA_MARK
#pragma mark ***** Send and Receive
#endif

// mDNS core calls this routine when it needs to send a packet.
mDNSexport mStatus mDNSPlatformSendUDP(const mDNS *const m, const DNSMessage *const msg, const mDNSu8 *const end,
        mDNSInterfaceID InterfaceID, mDNSIPPort srcPort, const mDNSAddr *dst, mDNSIPPort dstPort)
        {
        int                     err;
        struct sockaddr_storage to;
        PosixNetworkInterface * thisIntf;

        assert(m != NULL);
        assert(msg != NULL);
        assert(end != NULL);
        assert( (((char *) end) - ((char *) msg)) > 0 );
        assert(InterfaceID != 0); // Can't send from zero source address
        assert(srcPort.NotAnInteger != 0);     // Nor from a zero source port
        assert(dstPort.NotAnInteger != 0);     // Nor from a zero source port

        if (dst->type == mDNSAddrType_IPv4)
                {
                struct sockaddr_in *sin = (struct sockaddr_in*)&to;
#ifndef NOT_HAVE_SA_LEN
                sin->sin_len            = sizeof(*sin);
#endif
                sin->sin_family         = AF_INET;
                sin->sin_port           = dstPort.NotAnInteger;
                sin->sin_addr.s_addr    = dst->ip.v4.NotAnInteger;
                }

#ifdef mDNSIPv6Support
        else if (dst->type == mDNSAddrType_IPv6)
                {
                struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6*)&to;
                mDNSPlatformMemZero(sin6, sizeof(*sin6));
                sin6->sin6_len            = sizeof(*sin6);
                sin6->sin6_family         = AF_INET6;
                sin6->sin6_port           = dstPort.NotAnInteger;
                sin6->sin6_addr           = *(struct in6_addr*)&dst->ip.v6;
                }
#endif

        err = 0;
        thisIntf = (PosixNetworkInterface *)(InterfaceID);
        if (dst->type == mDNSAddrType_IPv4)
                err = sendto(thisIntf->multicastSocket, msg, (char*)end - (char*)msg, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&to, GET_SA_LEN(to));

#ifdef mDNSIPv6Support
        else if (dst->type == mDNSAddrType_IPv6)
                err = sendto(thisIntf->multicastSocketv6, msg, (char*)end - (char*)msg, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&to, GET_SA_LEN(to));
#endif

        if (err > 0) err = 0;
        else if (err < 0)
                verbosedebugf("mDNSPlatformSendUDP got error %d (%s) sending packet to %#a on interface %#a/%s/%d",
                                          errno, strerror(errno), dst, &thisIntf->coreIntf.ip, thisIntf->intfName, thisIntf->index);

        return PosixErrorToStatus(err);
        }

// This routine is called when the main loop detects that data is available on a socket.
static void SocketDataReady(mDNS *const m, PosixNetworkInterface *intf, int skt)
        {
        mDNSAddr   senderAddr, destAddr;
        mDNSIPPort senderPort;
        ssize_t                 packetLen;
        DNSMessage              packet;
        struct my_in_pktinfo    packetInfo;
        struct sockaddr_storage from;
        socklen_t               fromLen;
        int                     flags;
        mDNSBool                reject;

        assert(m    != NULL);
        assert(intf != NULL);
        assert(skt  >= 0);

        fromLen = sizeof(from);
        flags   = 0;
        packetLen = recvfrom_flags(skt, &packet, sizeof(packet), &flags, (struct sockaddr *) &from, &fromLen, &packetInfo);

        if (packetLen >= 0)
                {
                SockAddrTomDNSAddr((struct sockaddr*)&from, &senderAddr, &senderPort);
                SockAddrTomDNSAddr((struct sockaddr*)&packetInfo.ipi_addr, &destAddr, NULL);

                // If we have broken IP_RECVDSTADDR functionality (so far
                // I've only seen this on OpenBSD) then apply a hack to
                // convince mDNS Core that this isn't a spoof packet.
                // Basically what we do is check to see whether the
                // packet arrived as a multicast and, if so, set its
                // destAddr to the mDNS address.
                //
                // I must admit that I could just be doing something
                // wrong on OpenBSD and hence triggering this problem
                // but I'm at a loss as to how.
                //
                // If this platform doesn't have IP_PKTINFO or IP_RECVDSTADDR, then we have
                // no way to tell the destination address or interface this packet arrived on,
                // so all we can do is just assume it's a multicast

                #if HAVE_BROKEN_RECVDSTADDR || (!defined(IP_PKTINFO) && !defined(IP_RECVDSTADDR))
                        if ( (destAddr.NotAnInteger == 0) && (flags & MSG_MCAST) )
                                {
                                destAddr.type == senderAddr.type;
                                if      (senderAddr.type == mDNSAddrType_IPv4) destAddr.ip.v4 = AllDNSLinkGroup;
                                else if (senderAddr.type == mDNSAddrType_IPv6) destAddr.ip.v6 = AllDNSLinkGroupv6;
                                }
                #endif

                // We only accept the packet if the interface on which it came
                // in matches the interface associated with this socket.
                // We do this match by name or by index, depending on which
                // information is available.  recvfrom_flags sets the name
                // to "" if the name isn't available, or the index to -1
                // if the index is available.  This accomodates the various
                // different capabilities of our target platforms.

                reject = mDNSfalse;
                if      ( packetInfo.ipi_ifname[0] != 0 ) reject = (strcmp(packetInfo.ipi_ifname, intf->intfName) != 0);
                else if ( packetInfo.ipi_ifindex != -1 )  reject = (packetInfo.ipi_ifindex != intf->index);

                if (reject)
                        {
                        verbosedebugf("SocketDataReady ignored a packet from %#a to %#a on interface %s/%d expecting %#a/%s/%d",
                                &senderAddr, &destAddr, packetInfo.ipi_ifname, packetInfo.ipi_ifindex,
                                &intf->coreIntf.ip, intf->intfName, intf->index);
                        packetLen = -1;
                        num_pkts_rejected++;
                        if (num_pkts_rejected > (num_pkts_accepted + 1) * (num_registered_interfaces + 1) * 2)
                                {
                                fprintf(stderr,
                                        "*** WARNING: Received %d packets; Accepted %d packets; Rejected %d packets because of interface mismatch\n",
                                        num_pkts_accepted + num_pkts_rejected, num_pkts_accepted, num_pkts_rejected);
                                num_pkts_accepted = 0;
                                num_pkts_rejected = 0;
                                }
                        }
                else
                        {
                        verbosedebugf("SocketDataReady got a packet from %#a to %#a on interface %#a/%s/%d",
                                &senderAddr, &destAddr, &intf->coreIntf.ip, intf->intfName, intf->index);
                        num_pkts_accepted++;
                        }
                }

        if (packetLen >= 0 && packetLen < (ssize_t)sizeof(DNSMessageHeader))
                {
                debugf("SocketDataReady packet length (%d) too short", packetLen);
                packetLen = -1;
                }

        if (packetLen >= 0)
                mDNSCoreReceive(m, &packet, (mDNSu8 *)&packet + packetLen,
                        &senderAddr, senderPort, &destAddr, MulticastDNSPort, intf->coreIntf.InterfaceID, 255);
        }

#if COMPILER_LIKES_PRAGMA_MARK
#pragma mark ***** Init and Term
#endif

// On OS X this gets the text of the field labelled "Computer Name" in the Sharing Prefs Control Panel
// Other platforms can either get the information from the appropriate place,
// or they can alternatively just require all registering services to provide an explicit name
mDNSlocal void GetUserSpecifiedFriendlyComputerName(domainlabel *const namelabel)
        {
        MakeDomainLabelFromLiteralString(namelabel, "Fill in Default Service Name Here");
        }

// This gets the current hostname, truncating it at the first dot if necessary
mDNSlocal void GetUserSpecifiedRFC1034ComputerName(domainlabel *const namelabel)
        {
        int len = 0;
        gethostname((char *)(&namelabel->c[1]), MAX_DOMAIN_LABEL);
        while (len < MAX_DOMAIN_LABEL && namelabel->c[len+1] && namelabel->c[len+1] != '.') len++;
        namelabel->c[0] = len;
        }

// Searches the interface list looking for the named interface.
// Returns a pointer to if it found, or NULL otherwise.
static PosixNetworkInterface *SearchForInterfaceByName(mDNS *const m, const char *intfName)
        {
        PosixNetworkInterface *intf;

        assert(m != NULL);
        assert(intfName != NULL);

        intf = (PosixNetworkInterface*)(m->HostInterfaces);
        while ( (intf != NULL) && (strcmp(intf->intfName, intfName) != 0) )
                intf = (PosixNetworkInterface *)(intf->coreIntf.next);

        return intf;
        }

// Frees the specified PosixNetworkInterface structure. The underlying
// interface must have already been deregistered with the mDNS core.
static void FreePosixNetworkInterface(PosixNetworkInterface *intf)
        {
        assert(intf != NULL);
        if (intf->intfName != NULL)        free((void *)intf->intfName);
        if (intf->multicastSocket   != -1) assert(close(intf->multicastSocket) == 0);
        if (intf->multicastSocketv6 != -1) assert(close(intf->multicastSocketv6) == 0);
        free(intf);
        }

// Grab the first interface, deregister it, free it, and repeat until done.
static void ClearInterfaceList(mDNS *const m)
        {
        assert(m != NULL);

        while (m->HostInterfaces)
                {
                PosixNetworkInterface *intf = (PosixNetworkInterface*)(m->HostInterfaces);
                mDNS_DeregisterInterface(m, &intf->coreIntf);
                if (gMDNSPlatformPosixVerboseLevel > 0) fprintf(stderr, "Deregistered interface %s\n", intf->intfName);
                FreePosixNetworkInterface(intf);
                }
        num_registered_interfaces = 0;
        num_pkts_accepted = 0;
        num_pkts_rejected = 0;
        }

// Sets up a multicast send/receive socket for the specified
// port on the interface specified by the IP addrelss intfAddr.
static int SetupSocket(struct sockaddr *intfAddr, mDNSIPPort port, int interfaceIndex, int *sktPtr)
        {
        int err = 0;
        static const int kOn = 1;
        static const int kIntTwoFiveFive = 255;
        static const unsigned char kByteTwoFiveFive = 255;
        
        (void) interfaceIndex;  // Unused
        assert(intfAddr != NULL);
        assert(sktPtr != NULL);
        assert(*sktPtr == -1);

        // Open the socket...
        if       (intfAddr->sa_family == AF_INET) *sktPtr = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
#ifdef mDNSIPv6Support
        else if (intfAddr->sa_family == AF_INET6) *sktPtr = socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
#endif
        else return EINVAL;

        if (*sktPtr < 0) { err = errno; perror("socket"); }

        // ... with a shared UDP port
        if (err == 0)
                {
                #if defined(SO_REUSEPORT)
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, &kOn, sizeof(kOn));
                #elif defined(SO_REUSEADDR)
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &kOn, sizeof(kOn));
                #else
                        #error This platform has no way to avoid address busy errors on multicast.
                #endif
                if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - SO_REUSExxxx"); }
                }

        // We want to receive destination addresses and interface identifiers.
        if (intfAddr->sa_family == AF_INET)
                {
                struct ip_mreq imr;
                struct sockaddr_in bindAddr;
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        #if defined(IP_PKTINFO)                                                                 // Linux
                                err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IP, IP_PKTINFO, &kOn, sizeof(kOn));
                                if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IP_PKTINFO"); }
                        #elif defined(IP_RECVDSTADDR) || defined(IP_RECVIF)             // BSD and Solaris
                                #if defined(IP_RECVDSTADDR)
                                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IP, IP_RECVDSTADDR, &kOn, sizeof(kOn));
                                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IP_RECVDSTADDR"); }
                                #endif
                                #if defined(IP_RECVIF)
                                        if (err == 0)
                                                {
                                                err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IP, IP_RECVIF, &kOn, sizeof(kOn));
                                                if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IP_RECVIF"); }
                                                }
                                #endif
                        #else
                                #warning This platform has no way to get the destination interface information -- will only work for single-homed hosts
                        #endif
                        }

                // Add multicast group membership on this interface
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        imr.imr_multiaddr.s_addr = AllDNSLinkGroup.NotAnInteger;
                        imr.imr_interface        = ((struct sockaddr_in*)intfAddr)->sin_addr;
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &imr, sizeof(imr));
                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP"); }
                        }

                // Specify outgoing interface too
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &((struct sockaddr_in*)intfAddr)->sin_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr));
                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IP_MULTICAST_IF"); }
                        }

                // Per the mDNS spec, send unicast packets with TTL 255
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TTL, &kIntTwoFiveFive, sizeof(kIntTwoFiveFive));
                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IP_TTL"); }
                        }

                // and multicast packets with TTL 255 too
                // There's some debate as to whether IP_MULTICAST_TTL is an int or a byte so we just try both.
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &kByteTwoFiveFive, sizeof(kByteTwoFiveFive));
                        if (err < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
                                err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &kIntTwoFiveFive, sizeof(kIntTwoFiveFive));
                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); }
                        }

                // And start listening for packets
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        bindAddr.sin_family      = AF_INET;
                        bindAddr.sin_port        = port.NotAnInteger;
                        bindAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // Want to receive multicasts AND unicasts on this socket
                        err = bind(*sktPtr, (struct sockaddr *) &bindAddr, sizeof(bindAddr));
                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("bind"); fflush(stderr); }
                        }
                } // endif (intfAddr->sa_family == AF_INET)

#ifdef mDNSIPv6Support
        else if (intfAddr->sa_family == AF_INET6)
                {
                struct ipv6_mreq imr6;
                struct sockaddr_in6 bindAddr6;
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        #if defined(IPV6_PKTINFO)
                                err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &kOn, sizeof(kOn));
                                if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IPV6_PKTINFO"); }
                        #else
                                #warning This platform has no way to get the destination interface information for IPv6 -- will only work for single-homed hosts
                        #endif
                        }

                // Add multicast group membership on this interface
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        imr6.ipv6mr_multiaddr       = *(const struct in6_addr*)&AllDNSLinkGroupv6;
                        imr6.ipv6mr_interface       = interfaceIndex;
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_JOIN_GROUP, &imr6, sizeof(imr6));
                        if (err < 0)
                                {
                                err = errno;
                                verbosedebugf("IPV6_JOIN_GROUP %.16a on %d failed.\n", &imr6.ipv6mr_multiaddr, imr6.ipv6mr_interface);
                                perror("setsockopt - IPV6_JOIN_GROUP");
                                }
                        }

                // Specify outgoing interface too
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        u_int   multicast_if = interfaceIndex;
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_IF, &multicast_if, sizeof(multicast_if));
                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IPV6_MULTICAST_IF"); }
                        }

                // We want to receive only IPv6 packets on this socket.
                // Without this option, we may get IPv4 addresses as mapped addresses.
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &kOn, sizeof(kOn));
                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IPV6_V6ONLY"); }
                        }

                // Per the mDNS spec, send unicast packets with TTL 255
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, &kIntTwoFiveFive, sizeof(kIntTwoFiveFive));
                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS"); }
                        }

                // and multicast packets with TTL 255 too
                // There's some debate as to whether IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS is an int or a byte so we just try both.
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, &kByteTwoFiveFive, sizeof(kByteTwoFiveFive));
                        if (err < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
                                err = setsockopt(*sktPtr, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, &kIntTwoFiveFive, sizeof(kIntTwoFiveFive));
                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("setsockopt - IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS"); }
                        }

                // And start listening for packets
                if (err == 0)
                        {
                        mDNSPlatformMemZero(&bindAddr6, sizeof(bindAddr6));
                        bindAddr6.sin6_len         = sizeof(bindAddr6);
                        bindAddr6.sin6_family      = AF_INET6;
                        bindAddr6.sin6_port        = port.NotAnInteger;
                        bindAddr6.sin6_flowinfo    = 0;
//                      bindAddr6.sin6_addr.s_addr = IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT; // Want to receive multicasts AND unicasts on this socket
                        bindAddr6.sin6_scope_id    = 0;
                        err = bind(*sktPtr, (struct sockaddr *) &bindAddr6, sizeof(bindAddr6));
                        if (err < 0) { err = errno; perror("bind"); fflush(stderr); }
                        }
                } // endif (intfAddr->sa_family == AF_INET6)
#endif

        // Set the socket to non-blocking.
        if (err == 0)
                {
                err = fcntl(*sktPtr, F_GETFL, 0);
                if (err < 0) err = errno;
                else
                        {
                        err = fcntl(*sktPtr, F_SETFL, err | O_NONBLOCK);
                        if (err < 0) err = errno;
                        }
                }

        // Clean up
        if (err != 0 && *sktPtr != -1) { assert(close(*sktPtr) == 0); *sktPtr = -1; }
        assert( (err == 0) == (*sktPtr != -1) );
        return err;
        }

// Creates a PosixNetworkInterface for the interface whose IP address is
// intfAddr and whose name is intfName and registers it with mDNS core.
static int SetupOneInterface(mDNS *const m, struct sockaddr *intfAddr, const char *intfName)
        {
        int err = 0;
        PosixNetworkInterface *intf;
        PosixNetworkInterface *alias = NULL;

        assert(m != NULL);
        assert(intfAddr != NULL);
        assert(intfName != NULL);

        // Allocate the interface structure itself.
        intf = malloc(sizeof(*intf));
        if (intf == NULL) { assert(0); err = ENOMEM; }

        // And make a copy of the intfName.
        if (err == 0)
                {
                intf->intfName = strdup(intfName);
                if (intf->intfName == NULL) { assert(0); err = ENOMEM; }
                }

        if (err == 0)
                {
                // Set up the fields required by the mDNS core.
                SockAddrTomDNSAddr(intfAddr, &intf->coreIntf.ip, NULL);
                intf->coreIntf.Advertise = m->AdvertiseLocalAddresses;

                // Set up the extra fields in PosixNetworkInterface.
                assert(intf->intfName != NULL);         // intf->intfName already set up above
                intf->index                = if_nametoindex(intf->intfName);
                intf->multicastSocket      = -1;
                intf->multicastSocketv6    = -1;
                alias                      = SearchForInterfaceByName(m, intf->intfName);
                if (alias == NULL) alias   = intf;
                intf->coreIntf.InterfaceID = (mDNSInterfaceID)alias;

                if (alias != intf)
                        debugf("SetupOneInterface: %s %#a is an alias of %#a", intfName, &intf->coreIntf.ip, &alias->coreIntf.ip);
                }

        // Set up the multicast socket
        if (err == 0)
                {
                if (alias->multicastSocket == -1 && intfAddr->sa_family == AF_INET)
                        err = SetupSocket(intfAddr, MulticastDNSPort, intf->index, &alias->multicastSocket);
#ifdef mDNSIPv6Support
                else if (alias->multicastSocketv6 == -1 && intfAddr->sa_family == AF_INET6)
                        err = SetupSocket(intfAddr, MulticastDNSPort, intf->index, &alias->multicastSocketv6);
#endif
                }

        // The interface is all ready to go, let's register it with the mDNS core.
        if (err == 0)
                err = mDNS_RegisterInterface(m, &intf->coreIntf);

        // Clean up.
        if (err == 0)
                {
                num_registered_interfaces++;
                debugf("SetupOneInterface: %s %#a Registered", intf->intfName, &intf->coreIntf.ip);
                if (gMDNSPlatformPosixVerboseLevel > 0)
                        fprintf(stderr, "Registered interface %s\n", intf->intfName);
                }
        else
                {
                // Use intfName instead of intf->intfName in the next line to avoid dereferencing NULL.
                debugf("SetupOneInterface: %s %#a failed to register %d", intfName, &intf->coreIntf.ip, err);
                if (intf) { FreePosixNetworkInterface(intf); intf = NULL; }
                }

        assert( (err == 0) == (intf != NULL) );

        return err;
        }

static int SetupInterfaceList(mDNS *const m)
        {
        mDNSBool        foundav4       = mDNSfalse;
        int             err            = 0;
        struct ifi_info *intfList      = get_ifi_info(AF_INET, mDNStrue);
        struct ifi_info *firstLoopback = NULL;

        assert(m != NULL);
        debugf("SetupInterfaceList");

        if (intfList == NULL) err = ENOENT;

#ifdef mDNSIPv6Support
        if (err == 0)           /* Link the IPv6 list to the end of the IPv4 list */
                {
                struct ifi_info **p = &intfList;
                while (*p) p = &(*p)->ifi_next;
                *p = get_ifi_info(AF_INET6, mDNStrue);
                }
#endif

        if (err == 0)
                {
                struct ifi_info *i = intfList;
                while (i)
                        {
                        if (     ((i->ifi_addr->sa_family == AF_INET)
#ifdef mDNSIPv6Support
                                          || (i->ifi_addr->sa_family == AF_INET6)
#endif
                                ) &&  (i->ifi_flags & IFF_UP) && !(i->ifi_flags & IFF_POINTOPOINT) )
                                {
                                if (i->ifi_flags & IFF_LOOPBACK)
                                        {
                                        if (firstLoopback == NULL)
                                                firstLoopback = i;
                                        }
                                else
                                        {
                                        if (SetupOneInterface(m, i->ifi_addr, i->ifi_name) == 0)
                                                if (i->ifi_addr->sa_family == AF_INET)
                                                        foundav4 = mDNStrue;
                                        }
                                }
                        i = i->ifi_next;
                        }

                // If we found no normal interfaces but we did find a loopback interface, register the
                // loopback interface.  This allows self-discovery if no interfaces are configured.
                // Temporary workaround: Multicast loopback on IPv6 interfaces appears not to work.
                // In the interim, we skip loopback interface only if we found at least one v4 interface to use
                // if ( (m->HostInterfaces == NULL) && (firstLoopback != NULL) )
                if ( !foundav4 && firstLoopback )
                        (void) SetupOneInterface(m, firstLoopback->ifi_addr, firstLoopback->ifi_name);
                }

        // Clean up.
        if (intfList != NULL) free_ifi_info(intfList);
        return err;
        }

// mDNS core calls this routine to initialise the platform-specific data.
mDNSexport mStatus mDNSPlatformInit(mDNS *const m)
        {
        int err;
        assert(m != NULL);

        // Tell mDNS core the names of this machine.

        // Set up the nice label
        m->nicelabel.c[0] = 0;
        GetUserSpecifiedFriendlyComputerName(&m->nicelabel);
        if (m->nicelabel.c[0] == 0) MakeDomainLabelFromLiteralString(&m->nicelabel, "Macintosh");

        // Set up the RFC 1034-compliant label
        m->hostlabel.c[0] = 0;
        GetUserSpecifiedRFC1034ComputerName(&m->hostlabel);
        if (m->hostlabel.c[0] == 0) MakeDomainLabelFromLiteralString(&m->hostlabel, "Macintosh");

        mDNS_GenerateFQDN(m);

        // Tell mDNS core about the network interfaces on this machine.
        err = SetupInterfaceList(m);

        // We don't do asynchronous initialization on the Posix platform, so by the time
        // we get here the setup will already have succeeded or failed.  If it succeeded,
        // we should just call mDNSCoreInitComplete() immediately.
        if (err == 0)
                mDNSCoreInitComplete(m, mStatus_NoError);

        return PosixErrorToStatus(err);
        }

// mDNS core calls this routine to clean up the platform-specific data.
// In our case all we need to do is to tear down every network interface.
mDNSexport void mDNSPlatformClose(mDNS *const m)
        {
        assert(m != NULL);
        ClearInterfaceList(m);
        }

extern mStatus mDNSPlatformPosixRefreshInterfaceList(mDNS *const m)
        {
        int err;
        ClearInterfaceList(m);
        err = SetupInterfaceList(m);
        return PosixErrorToStatus(err);
        }

#if COMPILER_LIKES_PRAGMA_MARK
#pragma mark ***** Locking
#endif

// On the Posix platform, locking is a no-op because we only ever enter
// mDNS core on the main thread.

// mDNS core calls this routine when it wants to prevent
// the platform from reentering mDNS core code.
mDNSexport void    mDNSPlatformLock   (const mDNS *const m)
        {
        (void) m;       // Unused
        }

// mDNS core calls this routine when it release the lock taken by
// mDNSPlatformLock and allow the platform to reenter mDNS core code.
mDNSexport void    mDNSPlatformUnlock (const mDNS *const m)
        {
        (void) m;       // Unused
        }

#if COMPILER_LIKES_PRAGMA_MARK
#pragma mark ***** Strings
#endif

// mDNS core calls this routine to copy C strings.
// On the Posix platform this maps directly to the ANSI C strcpy.
mDNSexport void    mDNSPlatformStrCopy(const void *src,       void *dst)
        {
        strcpy((char *)dst, (char *)src);
        }

// mDNS core calls this routine to get the length of a C string.
// On the Posix platform this maps directly to the ANSI C strlen.
mDNSexport mDNSu32  mDNSPlatformStrLen (const void *src)
        {
        return strlen((char*)src);
        }

// mDNS core calls this routine to copy memory.
// On the Posix platform this maps directly to the ANSI C memcpy.
mDNSexport void    mDNSPlatformMemCopy(const void *src,       void *dst, mDNSu32 len)
        {
        memcpy(dst, src, len);
        }

// mDNS core calls this routine to test whether blocks of memory are byte-for-byte
// identical. On the Posix platform this is a simple wrapper around ANSI C memcmp.
mDNSexport mDNSBool mDNSPlatformMemSame(const void *src, const void *dst, mDNSu32 len)
        {
        return memcmp(dst, src, len) == 0;
        }

// mDNS core calls this routine to clear blocks of memory.
// On the Posix platform this is a simple wrapper around ANSI C memset.
mDNSexport void    mDNSPlatformMemZero(                       void *dst, mDNSu32 len)
        {
        memset(dst, 0, len);
        }

mDNSexport void *  mDNSPlatformMemAllocate(mDNSu32 len) { return(malloc(len)); }
mDNSexport void    mDNSPlatformMemFree    (void *mem)   { free(mem); }

mDNSexport mDNSs32  mDNSPlatformOneSecond = 1024;

mDNSexport mStatus mDNSPlatformTimeInit(mDNSs32 *timenow)
        {
        // No special setup is required on Posix -- we just use gettimeofday();
        // This is not really safe, because gettimeofday can go backwards if the user manually changes the date or time
        // We should find a better way to do this
        *timenow = mDNSPlatformTimeNow();
        return(mStatus_NoError);
        }

mDNSexport mDNSs32  mDNSPlatformTimeNow()
        {
        struct timeval tv;
        gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
        // tv.tv_sec is seconds since 1st January 1970 (GMT, with no adjustment for daylight savings time)
        // tv.tv_usec is microseconds since the start of this second (i.e. values 0 to 999999)
        // We use the lower 22 bits of tv.tv_sec for the top 22 bits of our result
        // and we multiply tv.tv_usec by 16 / 15625 to get a value in the range 0-1023 to go in the bottom 10 bits.
        // This gives us a proper modular (cyclic) counter that has a resolution of roughly 1ms (actually 1/1024 second)
        // and correctly cycles every 2^22 seconds (4194304 seconds = approx 48 days).
        return( (tv.tv_sec << 10) | (tv.tv_usec * 16 / 15625) );
        }

mDNSexport void mDNSPosixGetFDSet(mDNS *const m, int *nfds, fd_set *readfds, struct timeval *timeout)
        {
        mDNSs32 ticks;
        struct timeval interval;

        // 1. Call mDNS_Execute() to let mDNSCore do what it needs to do
        mDNSs32 nextevent = mDNS_Execute(m);

        // 2. Build our list of active file descriptors
        PosixNetworkInterface *info = (PosixNetworkInterface *)(m->HostInterfaces);
        while (info)
                {
                if (info->multicastSocket != -1)
                        {
                        if (*nfds < info->multicastSocket + 1)
                                *nfds = info->multicastSocket + 1;
                        FD_SET(info->multicastSocket, readfds);
                        }
                if (info->multicastSocketv6 != -1)
                        {
                        if (*nfds < info->multicastSocketv6 + 1)
                                *nfds = info->multicastSocketv6 + 1;
                        FD_SET(info->multicastSocketv6, readfds);
                        }
                info = (PosixNetworkInterface *)(info->coreIntf.next);
                }

        // 3. Calculate the time remaining to the next scheduled event (in struct timeval format)
        ticks = nextevent - mDNSPlatformTimeNow();
        if (ticks < 1) ticks = 1;
        interval.tv_sec  = ticks >> 10;                                         // The high 22 bits are seconds
        interval.tv_usec = ((ticks & 0x3FF) * 15625) / 16;      // The low 10 bits are 1024ths

        // 4. If client's proposed timeout is more than what we want, then reduce it
        if (timeout->tv_sec > interval.tv_sec ||
                (timeout->tv_sec == interval.tv_sec && timeout->tv_usec > interval.tv_usec))
                *timeout = interval;
        }

mDNSexport void mDNSPosixProcessFDSet(mDNS *const m, fd_set *readfds)
        {
        PosixNetworkInterface *info;
        assert(m       != NULL);
        assert(readfds != NULL);
        info = (PosixNetworkInterface *)(m->HostInterfaces);
        while (info)
                {
                if (info->multicastSocket != -1 && FD_ISSET(info->multicastSocket, readfds))
                        {
                        FD_CLR(info->multicastSocket, readfds);
                        SocketDataReady(m, info, info->multicastSocket);
                        }
                if (info->multicastSocketv6 != -1 && FD_ISSET(info->multicastSocketv6, readfds))
                        {
                        FD_CLR(info->multicastSocketv6, readfds);
                        SocketDataReady(m, info, info->multicastSocketv6);
                        }
                info = (PosixNetworkInterface *)(info->coreIntf.next);
                }
        }