.\" Copyright (c) 2002-2004 Tim J. Robbins
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/locale/mbrtowc.3,v 1.5 2004/06/30 19:32:41 ru Exp $
.\"
.Dd April 8, 2004
.Dt MBRTOWC 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm mbrtowc
.Nd "convert a character to a wide-character code (restartable)"
.Sh LIBRARY
.Lb libc
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In wchar.h
.Ft size_t
.Fo mbrtowc
.Fa "wchar_t * restrict pwc" "const char * restrict s" "size_t n"
.Fa "mbstate_t * restrict ps"
.Fc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Fn mbrtowc
function inspects at most
.Fa n
bytes pointed to by
.Fa s
to determine the number of bytes needed to complete the next multibyte
character.
If a character can be completed, and
.Fa pwc
is not
.Dv NULL ,
the wide character which is represented by
.Fa s
is stored in the
.Vt wchar_t
it points to.
.Pp
If
.Fa s
is
.Dv NULL ,
.Fn mbrtowc
behaves as if
.Fa pwc
was
.Dv NULL ,
.Fa s
was an empty string
.Pq Qq
and
.Fa n
was 1.
.Pp
The
.Vt mbstate_t
argument,
.Fa ps ,
is used to keep track of the shift state.
If it is
.Dv NULL ,
.Fn mbrtowc
uses an internal, static
.Vt mbstate_t
object, which is initialized to the initial conversion state
at program startup.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
The
.Fn mbrtowc
functions returns:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It 0
The next
.Fa n
or fewer bytes
represent the null wide character
.Pq Li "L'\e0'" .
.It >0
The next
.Fa n
or fewer bytes
represent a valid character,
.Fn mbrtowc
returns the number of bytes used to complete the multibyte character.
.It Po Vt size_t Pc Ns \-2
The next
.Fa n
contribute to, but do not complete, a valid multibyte character sequence,
and all
.Fa n
bytes have been processed.
.It Po Vt size_t Pc Ns \-1
An encoding error has occurred.
The next
.Fa n
or fewer bytes do not contribute to a valid multibyte character.
.El
.Sh ERRORS
The
.Fn mbrtowc
function will fail if:
.Bl -tag -width Er
.It Bq Er EILSEQ
An invalid multibyte sequence was detected.
.It Bq Er EINVAL
The conversion state is invalid.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr mbtowc 3 ,
.Xr multibyte 3 ,
.Xr setlocale 3 ,
.Xr wcrtomb 3
.Sh STANDARDS
The
.Fn mbrtowc
function conforms to
.St -isoC-99 .